mtmammmmismm 


THE    DESPATCHES 


OF 


EAKL    GOWER. 


ISAAC  FOOT 
LIBRARY 


ItonDou:    C.  J.  CLAY  AND  SON, 

CAMBRIDGE   UNIVEESITY  PKESS  WAREHOUSE, 

Ave  Maria  Lane. 


CambriBge:  DEIGHTON,  BELL,  AND  CO. 
lLcip>ig:  F.  A.  BROCKHAUS. 


r. 


-^f>\} 


THE    DESPATCHES 


OF 


EARL    GOWER, 

ENGLISH   AMBASSADOR  AT   PARIS   FROM   JUNE    1790 
TO   AUGUST   1792, 


TO    WHICH    ARK    ADDED 

THE   DESPATCHES   OF   MR   LINDSAY   AND  MR   MONRO, 

AND 

THE   DIARY   OF   VISCOUNT   PALMEIISTON 

IN    FRANCE    DURING    JULY    AND    AUGUST    1791, 
NOW  PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  FIRST  TIME. 

KDITED   FOR    THE   SYNDICS    OF   THE    UNIVERSITY   PRESS 


OSCAR   BROWNING,   M.A.,   F.R.Hist.S., 

FELT.OW    OF    king's    OOT.I.KOE,    CAMBRIDGE,    ANP    UNIVERSITY    LECTURER. 


CAMBRIDGE  : 
AT  THP:   UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

1885 

[All  Rifihts  irs,'rrc,l.\ 


kJTambriligf : 

PRINTKD    BY    C.   J.   CLAY,    ir.A.    AND    SOX, 
AT    THE    UNIVERSITY    PRESS. 


LIBRARY 

UIMIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

SANTA  BARBARA 


TO    MY    FRIEND 
PROFESSOR    J.    R.    SEELEY 

THIS   VOLUME   IS   DEDICATED. 


Digitized  by  tine  Internet  Arciiive 

in  2007  witii  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


littp://www.arcliive.org/details/despatcliesofearlOOsutli 


(KINTENTS. 


Preface      

Introduction 

Draft  of  Instructions  for  Earl  Gower 

Despatches  of  Earl  Gower,  from  June  21 
1792 

Mr  Dundas  to  Earl  Gower  . 
Earl  Gower  to  Lord  Grenville  . 
Note  from  King  George  III. 
Earl  Gower  to  Lord  Grenville  . 
Mr  W.  Lindsay  to  Lord  Grenville 
George  Monro  to  Lord  Grenville 
Mr  W.  Lindsay  to  Lord  Grenville 
George  Monro  to  Lord  Grenville 


1790 


TO  August  12, 


PAGE 

ix — xiv 

,' — xxxviii 

1 


209 
210 
211 
211 
212 
225 
235 
235 


Diary  of  the  Second  Viscount  Palmerston  in  France 


283 


Appendix    .                 .                 311 

I.  Lord  Elgin  to  Lord  Grenville 312 

Resume  d'Informations  exactes  au  25  Janvier  1794      .  314 

Extrait  d'une  Lettre  adressee  a  Milord  Elcun    .         .  340 

Premiere  Suite  du  R&ume 343 

Informations  additionnelles 353 

II.  S.  FoucHE  a  Monsieur  D.  S.  Curtis  a  Paris  .        .         .  372 
Relation  du  Voyage  de  i.a  Famille  royale  a  Varennes  373 

Index 377—400 


PKEFACE. 

I  FIRST  became  acquainted  witli  the  despatches  of 
Lord  Gower,  which  are  printed  in  this  volume,  some 
years  ago,  when  I  was  working  in  the  Record  Office  on 
the  foreign  policy  of  the  younger  Pitt.  They  appeared 
to  me,  as  soon  as  I  read  them,  of  great  historical 
interest,  and  well  fitted  to  be  published.  I  therefore 
informed  two  leading  London  publishers  of  their  exist- 
ence and  asked  them  whether  they  would  undertake 
to  print  them,  offering  to  see  them  through  the  press. 
The  first  publisher  to  whom  I  applied  refused  at  once, 
saying  that  correspondences  were  a  glut  in  the  market ; 
the  second  took  a  little  time  to  consider,  but  eventually 
declined.  Shortly  after  this,  when  I  was  pursuing  my 
researches  in  the  French  Foreign  Office,  I  was  informed 
by  two  of  the  best  authorities  on  the  French  He  volution, 
M.  Henri  Taine  and  M.  Albert  Sorel,  that  Lord  Gower's 
despatches  had  been  read  by  competent  Frenchmen 
and  had  been  declared  to  be  of  high  value  ;  and  that 
their  publication  would  be  an  important  contribution 
to  historical  study.  Armed  with  this  testimony  I 
applied  to  a  third  London  publisher,  sending  him  a 
specimen  of  the  letters.  After  a  courteous  delay  he 
also  refused  to  have  anything  to  do  with  the  papers, 
giving  as  his  reason  that  he  had  compared  Lord 
Gower's  account  of  the  flight  to  Varennes  with  that 
given  by  Carlyle,  and  while  there  was  nothing  in  Lord 
G.  c.  h 


PREFACE. 


Gower's  description  which  was  not  in  Carlyle,  there  was 
a  great  deal  in  Carlyle  which  was  not  in  Lord  Gower. 
Undaunted  by  these  refusals,  I  applied  to  a  fourth 
publisher  of  well-known  liberality.  He  went  so  far  as 
to  have  the  correspondence  copied  at  his  expense,  but 
after  having  read  it  he  came  to  the  conclusion  that  it 
could  not  be  published  without  heavy  loss.  After  these 
experiences  it  required  great  courage  on  the  part  of  the 
Syndics  of  the  Cambridge  University  Press  to  under- 
take a  work  so  little  likely  to  prove  remunerative,  and 
by  doing  it  they  deserve  the  gratitude  of  all  serious 
students  of  history. 

The  publication  of  documents  such  as  are  contained 
in  this  volume  should  not  be  left  to  private  enterprise, 
but  should  be  carried  out  by  the  State.  The  State  has 
published  a  number  of  volumes  under  the  superinten- 
dence of  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  which  have  been  of  the 
greatest  service  to  English  History,  and  without  them 
the  works  of  Stubbs,  of  Freeman,  and  of  Green  could 
not  have  been  written.  Similarly  the  collection  of 
calendars  of  state  papers  have  supplied  Mr  Gardiner  and 
Mr  Brewer  with  their  best  materials.  But  the  Rolls 
series  ends  with  Henry  VII.,  just  at  the  time  when 
English  history  begins  to  be  interesting  to  the  student  of 
modern  international  politics,  while  the  calendars  of 
foreign  papers  are  at  present  confined  to  the  reigns 
of  Henry  VIII.  and  Queen  Elizabeth.  Surely  if  there 
is  {(ny  period  of  history  which  was  vital  for  the  ex- 
istence of  the  English  nation  and  for  its  position  in 
Europe,  it  is  the  period  of  the  French  Revolution  and 
of  Napoleon  the  First.  During  this  epoch  we  followed 
an  independent  line  of  conduct  based  on  the  inherent 


PREFACE.  XI 

qualities  of  our  race  and  the  traditions  of  our  develop- 
ment. We  stood  aloof  from  Europe  both  in  peace  and 
war ;  we  ratified  the  conclusions  of  our  reason  by 
enormous  sacrifices,  and  we  emerged  in  1815  bruised 
and  battered  but  indisputably  the  first  power  in  the 
world,  a  position  which  we  held  for  fifty  years.  We 
refused  to  join  the  coalition  in  1791,  we  refused  to 
make  peace  in  1800,  we  were  the  last  to  make  peace  in 
1801,  we  were  the  first  to  break  the  peace  of  Europe  in 
1803,  we  were  the  soul  of  the  coalition  against 
Napoleon  in  1815,  we  dominated  the  counsels  of  Vienna. 
Our  conduct  during  this  momentous  epoch,  the  conduct 
mainly  of  an  aristocratic  government  which  has  now 
passed  away,  deserves  to  be  written  for  a  national  ex- 
ample, as  much  as  the  history  of  our  Reformation  or  of 
our  Great  Rebellion.  Yet  the  documents  from  which  this 
history  can  be  alone  composed  are  allowed  to  sleep  in 
the  obscurity  of  the  Record  Office,  or  to  moulder  in  the 
lumber  rooms  of  country  houses.  It  is  painful  to 
think  how  much  material  for  the  history  of  these  times 
has  been  lost  to  us  for  ever.  An  example  which  we 
may  wisely  imitate  is  set  us  by  foreign  nations. 
Besides  numerous  publications  of  French  and  Austrian 
state  papers  may  be  mentioned  the  collections  of  the 
Prussian  archives,  and  the  volumes  of  the  Russian 
Historical  Society,  both  rich  in  memorials  of  the 
revolutionary  period.  Indeed  so  much  attention  has 
been  paid  to  this  subject  on  the  Continent  that  we  can 
learn  the  extent  of  our  own  resources  better  from  Frencli 
and  German  than  from  English  writers.  Sybel  was  the 
first  to  place  the  attitude  of  England  towards  the 
Revolution  in  its  true  light,  Le  Bon  has  narrated  the 

62 


PREFACE. 


curious  history  of  the  negotiations  between  Pitt  and 
the  emigres  condnctecl  through  WiUiam  Wickham. 
Copies  of  Enghsh  official  correspondence  have  during 
recent  years  been  sent  in  large  quantities  to  Germany, 
and  we  are  in  danger  of  having  our  conduct  in  these 
critical  circumstances  described  and  judged  by  enemies 
rather  than  by  friends.  It  is  not  unreasonable  to  ask 
that  some  part  of  the  sum  devoted  by  Government  to 
publications  of  this  character  should  be  assigned  to  a 
period  of  history  which  must  be  accurately  known  by 
us  if  we  are  to  form  a  sound  judgment  on  the  foreign 
complications  of  our  own  time. 

The  volume  now  ofPered  as  a  contribution  to  this 
knowledge  contains  the  despatches  of  Lord  Gower 
written  from  Paris  during  twenty-six  months,  from 
June  1790  to  August  1792.  They  are  not  of  an  excit- 
ing character,  nor  do  they  shew  great  insight  or 
penetration.  They  are  careful  accounts  written  week 
by  week  by  a  competent  and  well-placed  observer 
for  the  information  of  his  Government,  and  they  are 
perhaps  more  valuable  because  the  writer  did  not 
comprehend  the  full  significance  of  the  events  which 
he  describes.  The  French  Revolution  has  been  so 
often  hfted  by  sensational  writers  into  the  region  of 
cataclysmal  and  almost  superhuman  occurrences  that 
a  narrative  is  specially  acceptable  which  tends  to  range 
it  among  the  facts  which  appeal  to  our  ordinary  ex- 
perience. The  despatches  of  Lord  Gower  are  supple- 
mented by  a  few  letters  written  by  Mr  Lindsay,  who 
was  left  as  Charge  d'afPaires  in  Paris  after  his  chiefs 
depai-ture.  These  are  followed  by  a  number  of  letters 
written  by  Colonel  Monro  to  Lord  Grenville  from  Sept. 


PREFACE.  XIU 

1792  to  January  1793.  George  Monro  was  a  spy  in 
the  pay  of  the  British  Government.  His  letters 
resemble  the  form  of  a  newsj^aper  correspondence, 
and  will  be  found  interesting  and  picturesque.  Es- 
pecially thrilling  is  his  account  of  the  September 
massacres,  of  which  he  was  an  eye-witness.  To  these 
documents  I  have  been  able  to  add,  by  the  kindness 
of  Mr  Evelyn  Ashley,  a  diary  of  the  second  Lord 
Palmerston,  the  father  of  the  Prime  Minister,  written 
in  France  during  July  and  August  1791.  After  the 
declaration  of  war  between  France  and  EnMand  in 
Feb.  1793  Paris  was  hermetically  sealed.  No  effort 
on  the  part  of  our  ministry  or  of  Lord  Elgin,  our 
representative  in  Flanders,  could  penetrate  the  obscu- 
rity ;  all  who  were  suspected  of  giving  information 
were  put  in  prison  or  guillotined.  The  veil  did  not 
lift  until  the  summer  of  1794,  when  an  unknown  but 
well-informed  correspondent  in  Switzerland  was  able  to 
send  to  Lord  Elgin  some  remarkable  accounts  of  the 
political,  military,  and  social  condition  of  France,  These 
reports  are  printed  at  the  end  of  this  volume.  I  have 
added  in  a  second  appendix  a  document  hitherto  un- 
published on  the  arrest  of  Louis  XVI.  at  Varennes, 
which  I  owe  to  the  kindness  of  Mr  Curtis  of  New  York. 
It  remains  for  me  to  state  what  I  have  attempted 
to  do  as  editor  of  these  papers.  To  have  annotated 
them  completely  would  have  been  to  rewrite  the  his- 
tory of  the  Revolution,  I  have  therefore  confined  the 
notes  to  a  very  narrow  compass,  but  I  have  included 
in  the  index  a  full  onomasticon  of  persons  and  places 
which  I  hope  will  to  some  extent  supply  their  place.  My 
task  in  dealing  with  the  orthography  and  punctuation 


PREFACE. 


of  the  documents  has  been  more  difficult.  Lord  Gower 
was  a  bad  writer  of  English,  a  faulty  and  inconsistent 
speller,  and  a  most  unscientific  punctuator.  These 
original  defects  were  increased  by  the  blunders  either  of 
the  author  or  the  copyist.  To  have  printed  a  facsmiile 
of  the  correspondence  as  it  stands  in  the  volumes  of  the 
Record  office  would  have  driven  the  staunchest  student 
to  despair.  At  the  same  time  it  was  desirable  to 
preserve  whatever  was  characteristic  of  the  man  or  of 
his  habits  of  thought.  I  have  therefore  adopted  a 
compromise.  I  have  altered  everything  which  appear- 
ed to  me  the  result  of  carelessness.  I  have  preserved 
eccentric  spelling  where  it  seemed  to  be  deliberate, 
or  where  it  required  a  graphic  touch,  as  where  Roberts- 
pierre  becomes  first  Roberspierre  and  then  Robespierre. 
I  have  altered  the  punctuation  so  as  to  make  the  read- 
ing of  the  volume  more  easy,  but  it  will  probably  be 
thought  that  I  have  kept  too  many  long  and  rambling 
sentences.  If  after  this  process  some  bad  faults  remain 
the  critic  should  first  ask  whether  they  are  not  to  be 
attributed  rather  to  Lord  Gower  than  to  the  editor. 
Mr  Monro's  letters  teem  with  errors  of  every  description, 
and  had  to  be  corrected  throughout.  Lord  Palmer- 
ston's  diary  has  been  left  almost  untouched,  although  it 
is  feared  that  some  mistakes  remain  uncorrected.  The 
French  documents  at  the  end  of  the  volume  have  been 
revised.  The  volume  is  left  to  the  indulgence  of 
historical  students.  An  attempt  has  been  made  in 
the  introduction  to  estimate  the  historical  value  of 
the  documents  wliicli  it  contains. 

King's  College,  Cambridge. 
October^  1885. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  correspondence  of  Lord  Gower  opens  on  June  21,  1790, 
a  year  and  six  weeks  after  the  meeting  of  the  States  General, 
a  year  after  the  Tiers  Etat,  taking  refuge  in  the  tennis  court  at 
Versailles,  had  sworn  not  to  separate  until  they  had  given  a 
new  constitution  to  their  country.  Much  had  happened  in  the 
mean  time.  The  three  estates,  disobeying  the  king's  order  to 
deliberate  separately,  had  formed  themselves  into  a  National 
Assembly,  many  of  the  clergy  and  a  few  of  the  nobles  clustering 
round  the  members  of  the  commons.  The  king,  who  had 
expected  by  the  duplication  of  the  third  estate  to  gain  a  firmer 
support  to  his  power,  had  been  forced  to  look  to  the  army  for 
assistance.  Troops  were  collected  round  the  court  and  the 
capital  to  repress  any  disturbance.  The  capital  had  begun  to 
shew  tumultuous  tendencies.  The  garden  of  the  Palais  Royal, 
the  residence  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  not  subject  to  the 
ordinary  superintendence  of  the  i^olice,  became  a  centre  of 
agitation.  The  court  found  that  they  could  depend  better  upon 
foreign  than  on  native  troops.  The  attempt  to  collect  these 
excited  jealousy  both  in  Paris  and  in  the  Assembly.  The 
Assembly  asked  the  king  to  withdraw  his  army  from  Paris, 
while  Paris  determined  to  oppose  a  national  armament  to  the 
Royal  forces.  This  was  the  origin  of  the  National  Guard. 
The  two  powers,  the  court  and  the  capital,  stood  opposed  to 
each  other  with  arms  in  their  hands.  The  first  step  of  open 
war  was  the  taking  of  the  Bastille  on  July  14 ;  it  was  a  formal 
renunciation  of  obedience  to  the  authority  of  the  king.  Louis 
XVL  instead  of  sternly  reestablishing  his  supremacy,  went  the 


xvi  INTRODUCTION. 

next  day  to  the  Assembly,  threw  himself  upoTi  its  wisdom,  and 
declared  that  he  had  given  orders  to  withdraw  his  troops.  The 
day  following  the  king  visited  the  capital  and  accepted  the 
tricolour  cockade,  the  union  of  the  Bourbon  white  with  the  blue 
and  red  of  the  Paris  municipality,  Paris  had  conquered  the 
king,  a  gi'eat  revolution  had  been  already  consummated. 

The  submission  of  the  monarchy  involved  the  exile  of  its 
staunchest  defenders.  The  Comte  d'Artois  left  France  by  the 
advice  of  his  brother,  and  became  the  first  fruits  of  the  emigra- 
tion. It  might  have  been  thought  that  the  crown,  emancipated 
from  the  fetters  of  the  nobles  and  the  clergy,  stood  in  closer 
union  with  the  people.  The  sacrifice  of  feudal  rights  on  the 
night  of  August  4  contributed  to  strengthen  this  view.  But 
the  growth  of  ages  could  not  be  torn  up  in  a  moment,  and  the 
wilful  disregard  of  public  law  carried  in  it  the  germs  of  future 
war.  The  king  and  the  Assembly  left  face  to  face  with  each 
other  began  to  quarrel  at  the  bidding  of  divergent  interests. 
Who  should  command  the  army,  the  crown  or  the  parliament  ? 
The  king  sought  to  defend  himself  with  the  troops  whom  he 
trusted.  A  dinner  in  the  theatre  of  Versailles  led  to  a  scene 
which  widened  the  chasm  between  the  court  and  the  people. 
The  capital  saw  no  remedy  but  to  bring  both  king  and 
Assembly  within  its  walls.  Hence  came  the  disgraceful  events 
of  October  5,  and  the  forced  transference  of  the  king  to  Paris. 
Louis  XVI.  exchanged  the  palace-temple  of  Versailles,  where 
his  ancestors  had  been  worshipped  as  divinities,  for  the  un- 
furnished barrack  of  the  Tuilleries.  The  king  was  virtually  a 
prisoner.  The  Asseinbly  instead  of  being  free  to  deliberate  at 
leisure  had  to  frame  a  constitution  amidst  the  surging  passions 
of  a  wavering  mob.  The  royal  authority  was  already  doomed, 
although  few  had  declared  themselves  republicans.  The  crea- 
tion of  departments  in  place  of  the  ancient  provinces  upset 
the  administration  of  the  old  regime.  The  election  of  the  judo-es 
and  of  the  clergy  made  a  strong  executive  difficult.  The 
throne  was  deprived  of  some  of  its  most  necessary  attributes. 


INTRODUCTION.  XVll 

The  emigration  had  attained  large  dimensions,  the  idea  of 
revolution  was  exalted  with  growing  enthusiasm.  Yet  at  this 
time  a  war  was  imminent  between  England  and  Spain,  and 
France,  if  she  was  to  preserve  her  honour  and  execute  engage- 
ments made  only  thirty  years  before,  needed  to  speak  in  Europe 
with  a  decisive  voice. 

Into  this  tumult  of  interests  Lord  Gower  found  himself 
plunged.  His  predecessor,  the  Duke  of  Dorset,  a  fine  gentleman 
in  mind  and  manners,  an  ornament  of  the  inner  circle  at 
Versailles,  was  recalled  because  his  liveried  servant  had  been 
seized  by  the  mob  and  a  letter  from  the  Duke  to  the  Comte 
d'Artois  found  in  his  pockets.  His  first  despatch  introduces  us 
to  the  difficulties  of  the  army,  the  approaching  fete  of  the 
revolution,  the  anniversary  of  the  fall  of  the  Bastille.  The 
market  women  who  brought  the  king  to  Paris  have  the  imper- 
tinence to  invite  the  Comte  d'Artois  to  return  from  Turin,  and  are 
received  at  Lyons  with  almost  royal  honours ;  couriers  are  passing 
to  and  fro  between  Spain  and  England ;  the  family  compact  is 
still  a  matter  of  discussion.  An  Abbe,  mistaken  for  the 
Sardinian  Ambassador,  is  stript  naked  to  see  if  he  carries  letters 
with  him.  Notwithstanding  this,  the  diplomatic  body  think  it 
well  to  assist  at  the  fete  of  the  federation,  which  goes  off  pros- 
perously in  the  Champ  de  Mars.  English  histories  of  this 
period  do  not  make  us  understand  how  near  we  were  to  a  war 
with  France  in  the  autumn  of  1790.  In  August  the  French 
are  increasing  their  fleet  and  army  to  meet  a  similar  increase  on 
the  part  of  England,  the  Spanish  Ambassador  asks  explicitly 
whether  France  intends  to  perform  the  stipulations  of  the 
family  compact  of  1761  or  not.  On  the  27th  of  that  month 
Mirabeau,  the  president  of  the  Comitd  diplomatique  of  the 
Assembly,  reports  that  all  existing  treaties  ought  to  be  main- 
tained by  the  French  nation  until  they  are  revised  or  modified, 
that  the  king  is  re(|uested  to  abide  by  his  engagements  with 
Spain,  and  that  thirty  ships  of  the  line  are  to  be  commissioned. 
The  Assembly  goes  beyond  this  request  and  orders  tlic  equip- 


XVlll  INTRODUCTION. 

ment  of  forty-five  ships  of  the  line  besides  smaller  vessels.  All 
parties,  Lord  Gower  says,  are  agreed  on  this  measure.  Two 
days  later  Lord  Gower  reports  that  although  the  king  and  his 
ministers  desire  peace  a  large  party  in  the  country  is  in  favour 
of  war.  The  aristocrats  hope  to  fish  in  troubled  waters,  others 
desire  to  violate  the  commercial  treaty.  Perhaps  some  members 
of  the  Assembly  were  influenced  by  Spanish  gold.  We  do  not 
exactly  know  by  what  means  this  danger  was  conjured.  Lord 
Gower  gives  assurance  of  the  friendly  feeling  of  England 
towards  France,  but  Pitt  was  able  to  engage  in  a  more 
direct  negotiation  with  the  leading  members  of  the  Assembly. 
Hugh  Elliot,  a  diplomatist  of  great,  though  erratic  genius,  had 
been  a  friend  of  Mirabeau  from  boyhood.  Lord  Gower  affords 
glimpses  of  the  mysterious  mission  with  which  he  was  intrusted. 
Pitt's  instructions  to  Elliot  have  been  lost,  and  we  do  not  know 
what  arguments  he  used.  Perhaps  English  gold  proved  a 
counterpoise  to  Spanish  gold.  But  the  result  of  his  persuasion 
was  an  entire  change  of  front.  Towards  the  end  of  October  the 
"  popular "  party  declares  itself  in  favour  of  peace,  and  prefers 
an  English  alliance  to  a  Spanish  compact.  Elliot  is  able  to 
announce  his  triumph  on  October  26,  and  two  days  later  in  his 
private  advice  to  the  court  Mirabeau  says  that  England  is 
desirous  of  peace,  and  that  the  armaments  have  reference  to  the 
Northern  war  then  going  on  between  Sweden  and  Russia,  a 
statement  for  which  there  is  very  little  foundation,  but  which 
may  have  rested  on  the  authority  of  Elliot,  who  had  himself  so 
much  to  do  with  it.  In  November  Lord  Gower  states  that  the 
prospect  of  peace  has  damped  the  spirit  of  the  aristocrats,  but 
pleased  the  rest  of  the  nation. 

A  letter  of  December  3,  1790,  informs  us  of  one  of  the  most 
important  moments  of  the  Revolution.  The  National  Assembly 
has  passed  a  decree  obliging  the  clergy  to  take  the  civic  oath, 
and  all  those  who  do  not  comply  are  to  lose  their  rights  as 
French  citizens.  The  Pope  was  at  that  time  expected  to  sanc- 
tion the  decree.     This  measure  caused  a  breach  between  the 


INTRODUCTION.  XIX 

Revolution  and  the  Church  which  prevented  it  from  being  ac- 
cepted by  the  nation  as  a  beneficial  reform,  and  rendered  futile 
the  plans  of  Mirabcau  for  a  constitutional  government.  The 
king  at  first  expected  the  Pope  would  not  object  to  the  decree 
and  then  waited  for  his  decision,  but  at  the  close  of  the  year  he 
gave  his  consent.  The  Pope  eventually  declared  against  the 
oath,  only  four  bishops  were  found  willing  to  take  it,  the  greater 
part  of  the  inferior  clergy  refused  it. 

As  Lent  and  Easter  approached  the  desire  of  the  Royal 
family  to  perform  their  usual  devotions  with  priests  who  had 
not  taken  the  oath  became  stronger.  This  could  not  be  done  in 
Paris,  and  hence  preparations  were  made  for  removal.  At  the 
beginning  of  Feb.  1791  the  stables  at  Versailles  are  inspected 
to  see  that  the  king  has  made  no  preparations  for  flight.  The 
king's  aunts  determined  to  spend  their  Easter  at  Rome  (Feb. 
18),  their  luggage  is  stopped  (Feb.  20),  they  arc  themselves 
detained  at  Arnay  le  due  (March  4),  but  are  suffered  to  proceed, 
by  the  intervention  of  Mirabeau.  The  king  begins  to  suffer 
seriously  from  his  confinement  in  the  Tuileries,  being  debarred 
of  his  usual  exercise  (March  11),  the  ambassadors  are  not  allowed 
to  see  him,  and  there  is  considerable  anxiety.  His  recovery  is 
celebrated  by  illuminations  and  by  a  Te  Deum  (March  18). 
Notwithstanding  this,  a  month  later,  the  King  and  Queen  are 
prevented  by  the  mob  from  going  to  St  Cloud  for  the  Holy 
Week  (April  22).  They  sat  for  an  hour  and  three-quarters  in 
their  carriages,  subject  to  every  insult,  and  were  compelled  to 
return  to  their  prison.  This  might  have  been  prevented  by 
Mirabeau  had  he  been  alive,  but  he  had  died  a  fortnight  before 
(April  8).  His  funeral  was  followed  by  28,000  people  and 
three-fourths  of  the  population  of  Paris  were  present  as  spec- 
tators. 

We  read  in  the  correspondence  many  signs  of  growing  dis- 
order. The  language  in  the  Assembly  resembles  that  of  the 
Dames  de  la  Halle  (Jan.  28),  the  bust  of  DcslUcs  is  carrictl  round 
the  hall  to  the  tunc  of  Ca  ira  (Feb.  4),  when  Lord   Cower  hears 


XX  INTRODUCTION. 

the  abbd  Maury  exclaim  Voild  comme  les  Frangais  font  des  lots. 
Lord  Gower  goes  to  dine  with  Monsieur,  afterwards  Louis 
XVIII.,  and  while  they  are  at  coffee  a  number  of  fish-women  are 
admitted  into  the  court  of  the  Petit  Luxembourg.  The  Prince 
assures  them  that  he  does  not  intend  to  quit  Paris  (Feb.  25), 
but  they  attend  him  even  to  the  Tuilleries.  The  dropping  of  a 
hunting  knife  causes  a  disturbance  in  the  Queen's  apartments 
(March  4) ;  Lord  Gower  finds  a  number  of  fish-women  cordially 
embracing  M.  de  Montmorin  in  his  own  drawing  room  (April  1); 
the  same  women  punish  several  hundred  nuns  by  a  general 
flogging  because  they  will  not  hear  mass  said  by  a  priest  who 
has  taken  the  oath  (April  15).  The  outrage  offered  to  the  king 
shewed  that  Bailly,  the  mayor  of  Paris,  and  Lafayette,  the 
commander  of  national  guards,  had  no  longer  any  power  over  the 
mob.  The  king's  household  resign,  the  ambassadors  see  him 
go  to  mass  celebrated  by  a  single  priest,  Lafayette  surrenders 
his  command  and  takes  his  place  in  the  ranks  of  the  army 
(April  22).  He  is  however  persuaded  to  accept  the  command 
again,  and  thus  disappoint  the  Jacobins  who  had  hoped  to  have 
the  nomination  of  his  successor  (April  29). 

Lord  Gower  mentions  on  May  6  and  on  subsequent  dates  the 
discussions  about  Avignon  and  the  Venaissin,  which  had  be- 
longed to  the  Pope  but  which  had  been  absorbed  into  France 
by  the  Assembly.  This  was  only  one  of  the  events  which 
embroiled  revolutionary  France  with  Europe.  The  jealousy  of 
other  powers  may  have  at  first  welcomed  the  Revolution  as 
tending  to  weaken  the  power  of  France  for  mischief.  But  the 
abolition  of  feudal  rights  on  August  4,  1789,  struck  a  vital  blow 
at  the  princes  of  the  Empire.  One  of  the  first  to  feel  it  was  the 
Elector  Archbishop  of  Mainz,  the  Arch-Chancellor  of  the  German 
Empire.  He  had  metropolitan  rights  in  Alsace  which  were 
seriously  threatened.  Mirabeau  was  one  of  the  few  members  of 
the  National  Assembly  who  understood  the  relations  of  France 
to  Europe.  He  desired  to  maintain  existing  alliances,  but  while 
the  connection  with  Spain  was  not  unpopular  with  the  nation, 


INTKODUCTION.  xxi 

that  with  Austria  was  an  object  of  deep  dislike.  We  see  the 
storm  gradually  rising  w^hich  was  to  lead  to  war.  The  Nuncio 
does  not  appear  at  court,  the  Pope  is  burnt  in  effigy,  Conde  is 
expected  to  invade  France  with  his  death's-head  army  (May  6), 
it  is  paid  by  Prussia,  or  perhaps  by  the  king  (May  13). 

Two  facts  of  considerable  importance  are  alluded  to  on  May 
20  and  22.  First  the  decree  which  prevented  members  of  the 
National  Assembly  from  sitting  in  the  legislature,  and  which 
therefore  took  the  conduct  of  the  new  constitution  out  of  the 
hands  of  those  who  framed  it  and  were  the  best  fitted  to  wield 
it,  and  secondly  the  statement  that  Frenchmen  are  gone  to 
England  with  a  view  of  setting  fire  to  the  fleet  or  dockyards. 
The  correspondence  of  this  time  is  full  of  evidence  that  France 
was  a  nest  of  what  would  now  be  called  dynamiters.  Their 
operations  were  principally  conducted  against  Ireland,  and  it  is 
difficult  to  ascertain  how  far  the  defensive  measures  of  the 
English  Government  in  1792  were  occasioned  or  justified  by  the 
fear  of  their  operations  unless  the  whole  evidence  with  regard 
to  them  were  before  us. 

On  June  17  we  are  informed  of  two  precautionary  measures, 
the  administering  of  an  oath  to  the  officers  of  the  army  to  be 
faithful  to  the  constitution,  and  the  sequestration  of  the  property 
of  the  Prince  of  Cond^  if  he  refuses  to  disband  his  army.  Five 
days  later  a  thunderbolt  bursts  from  a  clear  sky.  The  king  has 
left  Paris  in  the  night  of  June  20  and  taken  the  road  for  the  low 
countries  (June  22).  The  following  day  (June  23)  Lord  Gower 
announces  that  the  king  has  been  stopped  at  Varennes,  he  also 
states  that  Bailly  and  Lafayette  had  known  the  king's  intention 
to  leave  the  Taileries  some  days  before  and  had  taken  all  possi- 
ble precautions  to  prevent  it.  They  stayed  with  the  king  till 
one  in  the  morning  and  then  left  a  double  guard  in  the  palace. 
Two  days  later  (June  2.5)  the  return  of  the  Royal  family  is 
described,  the  order  and  decorum  with  which  the  mob  behaved 
were  truly  remarkable.  The  capture  of  the  king  at  Varennes 
is  perhaps  the  greatest  misfortune  which  has  befallen  France 


xxii  INTRODUCTION. 

during  the  last  hundred  years.  Louis  had  no  idea  of  leaving  his 
country,  or  of  joining  the  enemy.  He  wished  merely  to  retire 
to  a  fortress,  probably  Montmddy,  in  wliich  he  would  be  inde- 
pendent of  the  Paris  mob,  and  able  to  treat  with  the  extreme 
revolutionary  party  on  equal  terms.  The  Queen  and  the  emigres 
may  have  desired  something  more  than  this,  but  there  is  no 
proof  that  they  would  have  gained  their  object.  The  flight  may 
have  been  a  mistake,  Kaunitz  was  opposed  to  it  from  the  first. 
But  its  failure  was  a  fatal  blow  to  the  monarchy,  and  to  all  hope 
of  settled  government.  The  court  before  weak,  henceforth  be- 
came contemptible.  The  Royal  family  is  now  strictly  guarded 
and  the  ambassadors  do  not  go  to  the  Tuileries  without  special 
invitation  (July  1). 

It  was  just  at  this  juncture  that  Viscount  Palmerston 
arrived  in  Paris,  and  his  diary  gives  us  some  picturesque  details 
of  the  situation  which  are  unfortunately  wanting  in  Lord 
Gower's  despatches.  On  Monday,  July  10,  he  pays  a  visit  to  the 
Assembly  and  to  the  Jacobin  club  and  writes  a  graphic  account 
of  both  meetings.  The  members  are  entirely  occupied  with  the 
question  of  the  king.  The  procession  in  honour  of  Voltaire, 
which  Lord  Gower  dismisses  in  one  cynical  paragraph,  is 
described  by  Lord  Palmerston  at  length  ;  the  same  may  be  said 
of  the  French  anniversary  of  the  taking  of  the  Bastille,  and  the 
disorderly  scene  which  followed  it. 

The  altered  position  of  the  king  after  the  return  from 
Varennes  excited  the  powers  of  Europe  to  new  efforts  in  his 
favour.  Count  Mercy,  the  Austrian  ambassador,  thought  that 
the  frontier  fortresses  then  in  the  hands  of  royalist  garrisons 
might  be  delivered  up  to  the  soldiers  of  his  country,  and  France 
be  invaded  by  this  means.  The  Comte  de  Provence  and  the 
Comte  dArtois  were  afraid  of  a  foreign  intervention  which 
might  lead  to  a  dismemberment  of  France.  Gustavus  IIL  of 
Sweden,  then  at  Aix  la  Chapelle  (July  22),  recalled  his  officers 
in  the  French  service  and  meditated  a  descent  on  the  coast  of 
Normandy  and  the  restoration  of  the  monarchy.     The  princes 


INTRODUCTION.  XXlll 

attempted  to  persuade  Catherine  of  Russia  to  join  8,000  of  her 
troops  to  the  16,000  Swedes.  Austria  would  march  from 
Flanders,  Prussia  and  the  Empire  from  Alsace  and  Lorraine, 
Switzerland  and  Savoy  from  the  east,  Spain  from  the  south. 
France  could  make  no  adequate  resistance,  and  the  National 
Assembly  would  be  dissolved \  Kaunitz  disapproved  of  this 
plan,  he  thought  that  by  the  moral  pressure  of  a  united  Europe 
something  like  a  constitutional  monarchy  might  be  established 
in  France.     Catherine  also  refused  her  assistance. 

In  the  meantime  the  sketch  of  the  new  constitution  had 
been  completed  and  was  to  be  offered  to  the  king  for  his 
acceptance  (August  5).  It  was  difficult  to  see  how  this  was 
to  be  done.  Lord  Gower  says  "  If  in  his  present  state  of  con- 
finement it  will  be  a  mere  mockery ;  if  he  is  previously  allowed 
his  liberty  it  is  uncertain  what  use  he  may  make  of  it."..."  It  is 
generally  believed  that  the  king  will  go  either  to  Rambouillet 
or  to  Fontainebleau,  where  he  will  accept  the  constitution." 

On  August  27  the  Emperor  Leopold  II.  and  Frederick 
William  King  of  Prussia  met  at  Pillnitz.  The  result  was  an 
agreement  between  Prussia  and  Austria  directed  against  the 
Revolution,  but  not  of  a  very  decided  nature.  These  two  powers 
did  not  commit  themselves  to  any  step  unless  the  other  powers 
of  Europe  would  combine  with  them.  The  Emperor  of  Austria 
well  knew  how  little  he  was  risking.  Thus  the  convention  led 
eventually  to  war.  However  much  the  sovereigns  might  desire 
peace,  the  course  of  events  was  too  strong  for  them. 

Lord  Gower  announces  on  Sept.  2, 1791,  that  "the  constitution, 
such  as  it  is,  is  at  last  finished  :  it  will  probably  be  accepted  by 
the  king  on  Monday."  He  also  expresses  the  wish  of  the 
Assembly  that  the  constitution  shall  remain  unaltered  for 
thirty  years,  and  that  it  shall  not  be  amended  or  changed 
Avithout  elaborate  formalities.  He  adds  that  '"'  thanks  to  the 
declaration  of  the  rights  of  man,  a  notion  is  spread  over  the 

1  Feuilh't  de  Conche.t,  ii.  187,  quoted  by  Eanke.  Ursin-unij  rnul  Beyinn  dcs 
Retolutiondren  Krierja  72. 


XX  iv  INTRODUCTION". 

whole  country  that  everybody  is  not  only  to  think  but  to  act 
for  himself."  It  is  difficult  to  teach  the  people  what  is  or  what 
is  not  constitutional,  or  who  are  governors  and  who  are  "  to  be 
governed."  The  constitution  was  to  a  certain  extent  a  com- 
promise.  The  National  Assembly  contained  some  members 
who  desired  a  republic,  but  the  majority  wished  for  the  con- 
tinuation of  the  monarchy.  The  moderate  democrats  thought 
to  obtain  their  end  by  making  the  government  national  and  popu- 
lar while  at  the  same  time  they  allowed  kingship  to  continue 
its  existence.  The  moderate  royalists  believed  that  the  perma- 
nence of  kingship  was  insured  by  the  popular  character  of 
the  institutions  in  which  it  was  imbedded.  The  end  of  the 
revolution  had  been  obtained,  because  the  two  privileged  classes, 
the  priests  and  the  nobles,  had  lost  their  privileges,  and  power 
was  firmly  consolidated  in  the  hands  of  the  third  estate. 
Although  the  king  did  not  approve  of  the  constitution  in  all 
respects,  yet  it  would  be  untrue  to  say  that  he  accepted  it 
under  compulsion.  The  queen  probably  regarded  it  as  the 
least  of  many  evils,  and  we  cannot  be  surprised  that  Lord 
Gower  found  on  Sept.  1  that  "  her  deportment  and  appearance 
discovered  a  mind  suffering  under  affliction  not  easily  subdued." 
The  constitution  was  accepted  on  Sept.  14,  and  "the  king 
upon  his  passage  was  very  much  applauded  by  the  people" 
(Sept.  14). 

With  the  acceptance  of  the  constitution  the  first  revolution 
is  at  an  end.  The  terrible  events  which  followed  were  produced 
by  new  forces  and  by  different  combinations.  The  commune 
of  Paris  now  steps  into  the  place  of  the  bourgeoisie.  The 
commune  had  shewn  itself  in  the  destruction  of  the  Bastille, 
and  in  the  riots  of  October  5.  It  had  asserted  itself  still  more 
definitely  on  the  second  anniversary  of  the  fall  of  the  Bastille, 
and  had  on  that  day  been  crushed  by  the  bourgeoisie  with  the  help 
of  military  force.  It  found  spokesmen  in  the  republican  faction 
of  the  Jacobin  club,  an  organization  of  the  most  powerful 
character,  which  dominated  the  Assembly  by  its  debates,  and  had 


INTRODUCTION.  XXV 

its  ramifications  throughout  the  whole  of  France.  The  com- 
mune and  the  Jacobins  were  only  too  powerfully  supported  by 
the  new  legislative  Assembly  which  met  for  the  first  time  on 
October  1,  1791.  Lord  Gower  remarks  (Sept.  IG)  that  more 
than  half  the  next  Assembly  will  be  composed  of  country 
attorneys  "  and  that  not  only  the  nobility  but  the  commercial 
interest  will  be  very  much  excluded,"  "  the  members  of  most 
note  who  are  already  chosen  for  the  next  legislature  are  not  of 
that  sort  which  care  to  argue  favourably  for  it."  The  cries  of 
Vive  le  Roi  which  greeted  the  king  as  he  returned  from 
closing  the  Constituante  on  Sept.  30  were  the  last  which  met 
his  ear. 

The  ill-feeling  of  the  Legislative  towards  the  king  was 
shewn  at  once.  They  changed  the  Roi  de  France  into  the 
Roi  des  Frangais  and  suppressed  the  titles  of  sire  and  majeste, 
they  gave  the  king  an  arm-chair  similar  to  that  of  their 
president,  "It  shewed,"  as  Lord  Gower  says,  "an  absurd  disposi- 
tion to  quarrel  with  the  king  about  trifles  while  he,  on  the  other 
hand,  has  shewn  a  decided  intention  not  to  quarrel  with  them  if 
he  can  possibly  avoid  it."  Their  differences  now  assumed  a 
more  serious  character.  The  new  constitution  could  not  be  a 
guarantee  of  permanent  peace  until  it  was  accepted  by  foreign 
powers,  nor  were  they  likely  to  accept  it  if  the  emigres  and  es- 
pecially the  Princes  stood  aloof.  The  King  of  England  recognized 
the  new  constitution  at  once,  and  so  did  Holland,  then  under 
English  influence  (Oct.  14),  but  the  King  of  Spain  appeared  to 
doubt  whether  the  French  king  was  really  free  either  morally 
or  physically,  and  the  King  of  Sweden  refused  to  acknowledge 
the  new  constitution  (October  31).  Prussia  was  in  a  difficulty 
— her  relations  to  England  demanded  the  recognition  of  the 
constitution,  but  her  engagements  with  the  Empire  held  her 
back.  The  Emperor  accepted  the  constitution  in  November, 
and  Sweden  gave  way  at  last. 

The  emigres  still  remained  irreconcilable;  under  the  in- 
fluence   of   Calonne  they    determined  to   regard    the    king   as 

G.  c.  c 


XX  vi  INTRODUCTION. 

virtually  deposed,  and  to  raise  the  Comte  de  Provence  to 
the  post  of  regent  of  the  kingdom.  In  answer  to  this  the 
Comte  was  ordered  to  return  to  France  within  two  months 
under  penalty  of  losing  his  right  to  the  succession.  Further  the 
Assembly  decreed  any  emigrants  remaining  across  the  frontier 
after  January  1,  1792,  should  be  declared  guilty  of  conspiracy 
and  should  suffer  the  penalty  of  death.  The  king  urged  every 
argument  to  induce  his  brother  to  return,  but  he  could  not  give 
his  sanction  to  a  decree  which  treated  so  many  of  his  devoted 
friends  with  unreasonable  harshness.  Using  the  right  given 
him  by  the  constitution  he  refused  his  consent — "  the  measure 
of  refusing  that  decree  was  generally  approved  :  the  democratic 
party  rejoice  at  it  as  it  tends  to  prove  the  king's  freedom." 
(Nov.  18).  This  was  only  true  of  the  moderate  democrats. 
How  precarious  the  king's  freedom  was  felt  by  Lord  Gower 
when  he  tells  us  that  the  king  was  prevented  from  passing  from 
one  wing  of  the  Tuilleries  to  the  other  to  pay  a  visit  to  his 
sister  (ib.). 

Another  difficulty  ai'ose  with  regard  to  the  non-juring  priests. 
Gower  tells  us  (Oct.  28)  that  there  are  complaints  of  their 
manoeuvres  and  machinations,  and  (Nov.  11)  that  they  are 
creating  disturbances  in  every  part  of  the  kingdom,  more 
particularly  at  Caen,  where  they  are  in  a  state  of  civil  war,  and 
blood  has  been  spilt  on  both  sides.  A  week  later  (Nov.  18)  we 
hear  that  the  Assembly  has  decreed  that  these  priests  are  to 
take  the  serment  civique,  and  that  those  who  refuse  it  are  to  be 
deprived  of  their  pensions.  The  king  was  in  a  great  difficulty. 
"The  court  exists  in  a  miserable  suspense  between  its  jealousy 
of  the  emigrants  and  its  dread  of  the  Jacobins"  (Dec.  2).  At 
last  the  king  determines  to  withhold  his  consent.  He  is 
encouraged  to  take  this  step  by  a  decree  of  the  department  of 
Paris  drawn  up  by  Talleyrand  (Dec.  5). 

These  two  circumstances  brought  into  strong  light  the 
antagonism  between  the  two  divisions  of  the  Parisian  populace, 
the  bourgeoisie  and  the  commune,  the  directory  and  the  sections. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXVll 

A  civil  war  was  ready  to  break  out  the  moment  the  emigres  and 
their  foreign  allies  crossed  the  frontier.  It  is  difficult  to  follow 
the  exact  policy  of  the  king  and  queen  with  regard  to  the 
German  powers.  The  king,  although  refusing  to  hurl  a  decree 
of  excommunication  against  the  emigres,  was  ready  to  take 
vigorous  measures  for  the  defence  of  the  frontier  against  the 
German  armies.  The  queen,  though  she  dreaded  the  invasion 
of  France  by  foreign  troops,  urged  her  brother  Leopold  to 
summon  a  European  congress  for  the  settlement  of  the  affairs 
of  France,  and  in  the  meantime  to  maintain  a  powerful  army  on 
the  French  borders  which  might  be  useful  in  time  of  need. 
Although  the  war  party  in  Paris  was  ready  to  run  the  risk  of 
war  with  Prussia  or  Austria,  they  were  anxious  to  keep  peace 
with  England.  The  best  diplomatist  they  had,  M.  Talleyrand- 
Perigord,  was  sent  to  the  court  of  St  James  (Jan.  20, 1792).  He 
could  not  appear  in  a  public  character  as  he  had  been  a  member 
of  the  Constituante,  and  a  self-denying  ordinance  prevented  any 
such  from  taking  office  under  the  new  government.  The  Due 
de  Biron  Avas  first  thought  of  as  his  ostensible  chief,  but 
Mr  de  Chauvelin  was  substituted  at  a  later  period.  The 
ultimatum  which  eventually  brought  about  the  war  was  the 
work  of  Brissot  and  the  Girondists.  Lord  Gower  tells  us  that 
those  of  the  Jacobins  who  followed  Robespierre  wished  to  avoid 
war  by  negotiation  (ib.).  If  this  is  true  it  is  contrary  to  the 
received  view.  Lord  Gower 's  second  despatch  of  Jan.  20  shews 
the  antagonism  existing  between  Delessart  and  Narbonne,  a 
circumstance  which  eventually  broke  the  ministry  in  pieces. 
On  Jan.  27  we  hear  of  the  momentous  sitting  of  Jan.  25,  in 
which  a  categorical  answer  of  peace  or  war  was  demanded 
before  March  1.  It  is  probable  that  even  then  the  majority  of 
the  Assembly  did  not  desire  war,  but  they  were  led  by  the 
eloquence  of  the  Girondists  to  take  steps  which  could  lead  to  no 
other  conclusion.  The  difference  of  opinion  between  the  parties 
as  to  peace  and  war  was  connected  with  a  similar  division  as  to 
the  powers  of  the  king.     The  constitution  gave  the  sovereign 

c2 


Xxviii  INTKODUCTION. 

the  prerogative  of  war  and  peace,  but  the  Jacobins  could  not 
beheve  that  the  king  would  ever  declare  war.  They  also 
suspected,  Avith  some  truth,  that  the  queen  was  in  active 
correspondence  with  Austria.  Suspicion  began  to  be  rife  of  a  new 
evasion,  and  an  instance  of  this  is  mentioned  on  Feb.  3,  when 
Lord  Gower  relates  that  a  secretaire  made  for  the  King  of  Naples 
was  searched  on  being  carried  out  of  the  palace,  lest  the  king 
should  be  concealed  in  it.  On  Feb.  10  we  hear  of  the 
manufacture  of  pikes  in  the  Faubourg  St  Antoine,  arms  which 
were  to  be  used  with  fatal  effect  on  June  20  and  August  10. 
The  king  felt  himself  so  weak  that  he  was  obliged  to  give  his 
consent  to  the  decree  which  confiscated  the  property  of  refractory 
Emigres. 

On  Feb.  27  Kaunitz  sent  to  the  French  government  a  solemn 
despatch  technically  called  an  "office"  which  was  intended  to 
be  favourable  to  peace.  It  represented  the  views  of  the 
Emperor  as  in  harmony  with  those  of  the  majority  of  the 
French  nation,  but  it  abused  the  Jacobins  in  no  measured 
terms  as  the  common  enemies  of  Europe  and  of  France.  The 
publication  of  this  letter  produced  the  worst  effect.  Lord 
Gower  says  (March  2)  "It  remains  to  be  seen  whether  the 
Emperor's  naming  the  Jacobins,  and  marking  them  out  as  the 
cause  of  his  continuing  to  arm  will  tend  to  diminish  their 
numbers."  On  March  10  the  news  arrived  in  Paris  of  the 
sudden  death  of  the  Emperor  Leopold  II.  The  same  despatch 
notified  the  dismissal  of  Narbonne  whose  opinions  were  too 
extreme  for  him  to  work  harmoniously  with  his  colleagues,  and 
also  the  violent  attack  of  Brissot  upon  Delessart  which  Narbonne 
does  not  seem  to  have  anticipated.  War  was  now  certain.  It 
had  been  brought  about  by  a  number  of  converging  events,  none 
of  them  alone  sufticient  to  cause  it.  The  ill-judged  ultimatum 
of  Louis  XVI.,  the  imprudent  "office"  of  Kaunitz,  the  sudden 
death  of  Leopold  II.,  who  had  restored  quiet  to  Europe,  and 
lastly  the  unexpected  break  up  of  a  moderate  ministry  gradually 
made  peace  impossible.     In  anticipation  of  the  conflict  a  treaty 


INTRODUCTION.  XXIX 

of  alliance  between  Austria  and  Prussia  had  been  signed  on 
Feb.  7. 

A  despatch  of  March  16  gives  a  list  of  the  new  ministry, 
as  far  as  they  are  known.  A  week  later  we  hear  of  the  close 
relations  between  Lafayette  and  Dumouriez,  and  of  the 
adhesion  of  Robespierre  to  the  views  of  the  new  ministry.  In 
view  of  the  seriousness  of  the  situation  the  red  Phrygian  cap  is 
discontinued  and  the  tricolour  cockade  is  considered  sufficient. 
The  plan  of  the  new  ministry  was  believed  by  the  court  to  be  to 
separate  the  king  and  queen  in  order  that  she  might  be  tried 
for  corresponding  with  Austria,  to  suspend  the  king  from  his 
functions,  and  to  make  a  simultaneous  attack  on  Sardinia  and 
Germany.  Kaunitz  was  informed  by  Breteuil  that  nothing 
could  save  the  monarchy  but  an  immediate  attack  on  the 
Rhine.  On  March  30  Lord  Gower  believes  war  to  be  inevitable. 
A  new  despatch  of  Kaunitz  has  been  read  to  the  Assembly 
which  excites  great  indignation,  as  it  seems  to  cast  a  doubt  on 
the  right  of  France  to  choose  her  own  internal  government. 
Talleyrand  has  sometime  before  returned  from  his  first  mission 
to  England.  He  is  now  to  go  again  with  Chauvelin  as  his 
chief.  Lord  Gower  remarks  (April  6)  that  both  Talleyrand  and 
Chauvelin  are  intimate  friends  of  Narbonne,  and  that  it  is 
remarkable  that  they  have  both  consented  to  serve  under  a 
Jacobin  ministry  although  neither  of  them  is  decidedly  a 
Jacobin.  It  says  much  for  Talleyrand's  versatility  and  ability 
that  he  was  chosen  both  by  Delcssart  and  Dumouriez  as  the 
most  safe  mediator  in  a  difficult  negotiation.  The  circumstances 
related  on  April  11  amply  justify  Lord  Gower  in  the  opinion 
that  "it  is  evident  that  the  ministry  here  have  a  mo.st  earnest 
desire  to  be  upon  the  best  possible  terms  with  England."  Two 
days  later  he  reports  that  Paris  has  in  the  previous  week 
enjoyed  more  quiet  than  in  any  week  since  the  Revolution,  but 
that  it  has  the  appearance  of  the  sort  of  calm  which  portends  a 
storm.  Indeed  the  very  next  despatch  (April  20)  states  that 
the  king  had  been  to  the  Assembly  to  propose  the  declaration  of 


XXX  INTRODUCTION. 

war  in  form  against  the  King  of  Hungary  and  Bohemia.  The 
king  is  believed  to  have  done  this  with  a  light  heart,  for  if  the 
allies  won  he  would  regain  his  power,  and  if  the  French  were 
victorious  he  would  be  popular  as  the  author  of  the  war. 

The  proposition  of  the  king  was  adopted  by  the  Assembly 
almost  unanimously,  indeed  there  were  only  seven  votes 
against  it.  The  Assembly  knew  that  in  attacking  Austria  they 
would  also  have  to  fight  with  Prussia,  but  they  believed  that, 
if  England  were  neutral,  France  could  cope  ynth  the  rest  of 
Europe  united.  Indeed  Sweden  could  do  nothing,  Spain  had 
no  decided  resolution,  Sardinia  was  weak,  and  Russia  was  too 
selfish  to  risk  much  in  such  an  enterprise.  Austria  and  Prussia 
were  hindered  by  conflicting  rivalry.  Besides  the  Girondists 
said  that  the  war  might  cost  a  few  thousand  lives,  but  it  would 
spread  freedom  all  over  the  world.  The  object  of  the  French 
was  to  conquer  the  Netherlands ;  b}'  this  they  would  avenge 
themselves  upon  Austria  and  enhance  the  consideration  of  France 
in  Europe.  Dumouriez  knew  that  the  demolition  of  the  barrier 
fortresses  by  Joseph  II.  had  left  Flanders  unprotected  on  the 
French  side.  He  lost  no  time,  but  pushed  his  troops  across  the 
frontier  on  April  29. 

The  first  reverses  of  the  French  are  described  in  the 
despatch  of  May  4,  the  murder  of  Dillon  at  Lille  and  the 
repulse  of  Biron  at  Mons.  This  was  attributed  by  the  Jacobins 
to  the  treachery  of  aristocratic  ofiicers;  many  of  them  resign 
their  commands  (May  11)  and  Servan  becomes  minister  of  war 
(ib.).  The  representatives  of  Prussia  and  Russia  suddenly 
leave  the  French  capital  (May  18).  On  May  25  mention  is 
made  of  the  "  Austrian  Committee  "  supposed  to  be  sitting  in 
Paris  to  assist  the  plans  of  the  invaders.  As  the  danger 
approaches  the  National  Assembly,  the  governing  bodies  of  the 
department  of  the  Seine,  of  the  municipality  of  Paris,  and  the 
Jacobin  club  determine  to  sit  in  permanence  (June  1).  The 
king's  guard  is  disbanded,  the  care  of  the  Royal  family  is  com- 
mitted to  the  National  Guard  and  the  Swiss  (ib.).     The  real 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXI 

significance  of  Servan's  plan  for  collecting  a  democratic  force 
round  Paris  is  so  little  perceived  that  it  is  merely  treated  as  a 
means  of  increasing  the  army,  the  "  miserable  state "  of  which 
'exceeds  our  belief"  (ib.).  However,  by  the  next  week  the  mischief 
of  the  measure  becomes  apparent,  and  a  design  is  hinted  at  of 
conveying  the  king  and  the  Assembly  to  the  banks  of  the  Loire 
where  they  would  be  further  away  from  the  influence  of  foreign 
armies. 

The  decree  of  the  Assembly  to  collect  men  from  all  the 
cantons  of  France  was  opposed  by  the  National  Guard  and  by 
Lafayette  and  was  vetoed  by  the  king,  Roland  and  his  wife 
wrote  a  violent  letter  of  remonstrance  to  the  king,  but  as  he 
was  supported  by  Dumouriez  he  was  able  to  dismiss  Roland 
Servan  and  Claviere  (June  15).  Dumouriez  remained,  but  had 
for  some  time  been  wavering  between  a  civil  and  a  military 
employment  (June  8).  Lord  Gower  thinks  that  this  change  of 
ministry  "may  tend  in  some  measure  to  unite  the  Jacobins" 
but  "  may  ultimately  prove  their  destruction."  That  it  did  at 
least  for  a  time  "  unite  the  Jacobins  "  is  shewn  by  Dumouriez's 
resignation  (June  18),  which  is  attributed  (June  22)  to  the 
impossibility  of  carrying  on  the  government  in  the  face  of  the 
unpopularity  produced  by  the  king's  veto. 

Lord  Gower's  report  of  the  attack  on  the  Tuilleries  on  June  20 
is  interesting.  The  account  of  the  king's  firmness  and  courage  is 
confirmed.  The  circumstance  of  his  having  applied  the  hand  of  a 
grenadier  to  his  heart,  saying  "  feel  here  if  there  be  any  signs  of 
fear"  is  perfectly  true.  His  sister  Elizabeth  stood  by  his  side 
during  the  whole  evening  (June  29),  a  fact  not  generally  noticed. 
The  responsibility  of  the  outrage  is  rightly  laid  to  the  charge  of 
Pdthion,  Lafayette  highly  disapproved  of  the  scenes  of  June 
20  and  wrote  a  remonstrance  to  the  Assembly;  Lord  Gower 
thinks  that  he  has  "crossed  the  Rubicon"  (June  22),  This 
disapproval  was  echoed  by  many  departments  of  the  North. 
Lord  Gower  thinks  that  monarchical  and  antimonarchical  France 
may  be  considered  as  divided  by  the  river  Loire, 


XXXn  INTRODUCTION. 

In  his  despatch  of  July  6  Lord  Gower  forecasts  the  events 
which  were  now  imminent,  the  departure  of  the  king,  the 
substitution  of  an  aggressive  repubhc  for  a  constitutional 
monarchy.  The  king,  he  says,  expects  the  event  with  courage, 
but  the  ministers  have  no  fixed  plan.  The  federes  invited  to 
the  fete  of  July  14  are  beginning  to  arrive  from  all  quarters, 
from  Marseilles,  from  Bordeaux,  from  Brest.  "  Their  stay  in 
Paris  is  indeed  to  be  of  short  duration,  but  it  will  be  long  enough 
to  answer  any  sinister  purpose."  It  is  evident  that  the 
ambassador  fully  understands  the  personal  danger  to  which  the 
king  and  his  friends  were  exposed.  There  were  at  this  time  two 
chief  parties  struggling  for  power,  the  Girondists  whom  Lord 
Gower  generally  calls  Feuillants,  who  wished  to  preserve  the 
forms  of  the  constitution  but  at  the  same  time  to  deprive  the 
king  of  all  authority,  and  to  make  him  merely  the  expression 
of  the  national  will ;  and  the  Jacobins  who  maintained  the 
sovereignty  of  the  people  without  reference  to  the  constitution 
and  who  wished  to  establish  a  republic.  The  Assembly  was 
controlled  by  a  committee  of  twelve,  composed  of  Girondists.  The 
Sections  of  Paris,  the  federes  and  the  extreme  Jacobins  were 
guided  by  another  committee  in  which  the  leading  power  was 
Robespierre.  The  declaration  that  the  country  was  in  danger 
(July  13),  taken  from  Roman  models,  seemed  to  suspend  for  the 
time  all  regular  and  constitutional  authorities.  The  federes 
arrive  gradually  (ib.),  their  number  is  not  so  great  as  was 
expected,  but  the  Jacobins  contrive  to  get  hold  of  them  as  they 
come.  The  king  naturally  wishes  to  leave  Paris,  Lord  Gower 
hopes  (July  20)  that  he  may  be  able  to  retire  to  Rouen,  where 
he  will  be  safe  in  the  heart  of  Normandy.  The  ministers  do 
not  approve  of  this  and  tender  their  resignations,  but  they  are 
not  accepted  (July  13).  The  Jacobins  get  rid  of  three  regiments 
of  regular  troops  in  order  to  leave  an  open  field  for  the  operations 
of  \\\Q  federes  (July  20).  They  attempt  to  do  the  same  with  the 
Swiss  Guards,  but  they  cannot  effect  it.  By  this  time  the 
number  oi  federes  in  Paris  has  reached  three  thousand. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXIU 

Towards  the  close  of  July  matters  become  more  serious. 
The  king  refuses  to  leave  Paris  (July  27),  but  it  is  doubtful 
whether  he  could  have  done  so  had  he  attempted  it ;  a  part  of 
the  garden  of  the  Tuileries  is  thrown  open  to  the  public ;  on 
July  26  the  federes  of  Brest  at  the  moment  of  their  arrival  proceed 
to  march  with  a  cannon  to  the  Tuileries,  and  are  only  dissuaded 
by  the  eloquence  of  Pethion  and  Santerre.  Still  worse  is  the 
character  of  the  five  hundred  federes  from  Marseilles  (August  3), 
the  body  of  men  in  whose  honour  the  Marseillaise  was  composed 
by  Rouget  de  L'Isle.  It  is  hoped  that  they  may  leave  immedi- 
ately for  the  camp  at  Soissons,  which  already  contains  nine 
thousand  men. 

The  acuteness  of  the  crisis  between  the  rival  parties  in 
Paris,  and  the  bitterness  of  both  of  them  against  the  king, 
is  generally  attributed  by  historians,  especially  by  Ranke,  to 
the  ill-advised  manifesto  of  the  Duke  of  Brunswick.  It  is 
therefore  noticeable  that  Lord  Gower  does  not  mention  it  till 
August  3,  and  then  says  that  it  has  produced  very  little 
reaction  in  Paris.  "  The  aristocrats  are  dissatisfied  with  it,  and 
the  democrats  affect  to  despise  it."  In  the  same  letter  we  hear 
that  the  forty-eight  sections  of  Paris  have  asked  for  the 
king's  restitution  and  that  the  petition  has  been  presented  by 
the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  Paris.  On  the  following 
day  Lord  Gower  asks  how  he  is  to  act.  He  sees  that  the 
monarchy  to  which  he  is  accredited  is  tottering  to  its  fall,  and 
that  the  personal  danger  of  the  queen  is  greater  than  that  of 
the  king.  Is  he  to  join  the  other  powers  in  taking  any 
decisive  step. 

The  great  event  of  August  10  is  narrated  briefly  in  the 
next  despatch  (August  12).  The  king  with  the  Royal  family 
left  the  palace  at  ten  o'clock,  not  at  eight  according  to  the 
received  account,  and  took  refuge  in  the  National  Assembly 
"  in  a  room  adjoining  to  which  they  have  continued  ever  since." 
The  Assembly  declared  itself  permanent,  it  decreed  the  with- 
drawal of  executive  power  from  the  king,  the  dismissal  of  the 


xxxiv  INTRODUCTION. 

present  ministers,  and  the  summoning  of  a  national  convention 
to  draw  up  a  new  constitution.  Servan,  Clavi^re  and  Roland 
are  recalled,  Danton,  Lebrun  and  Monge  become  ministers. 

As  soon  as  the  news  of  these  events  reached  England  Lord 
Gower  was  recalled.  The  sovereign  to  whom  he  was  accredited 
had  ceased  to  reign,  and  to  have  given  him  or  any  other  envoy 
letters  of  credence  to  the  Provisional  Government  would  have 
been  to  depart  from  the  position  of  strict  neutrality  which 
England  had  determined  to  observe.  However  in  the  feverish 
state  of  public  feeling  it  was  not  easy  for  the  ambassador  of  an 
aristocratic  power  to  leave  Paris.  Lord  Gower  asks  for  his 
passports,  but  does  not  receive  them  immediately.  Pisani  the 
Venetian  ambassador  is  stopped  by  the  mob  as  he  is  leaving  for 
England,  and  only  escapes  after  a  strict  examination  of  his 
papers.  Lord  Gower  is  able  at  last  to  set  out  for  England 
on  Tuesday,  August  21.  He  leaves  Mr  Lindsay  behind  him  as 
charge  d'affaires,  who  stays  long  enough  to  see  something  of  the 
September  massacres. 

Mr  Lindsay's  letters  are  in  some  respects  fuller  than  Lord 
Gower's,  partly  because  Lord  Gower  was  a  man  of  few  words 
and  partly  because  the  journals  of  the  capital  no  longer  described 
occurrences  with  so  much  minuteness.  He  writes  (August  27), 
that  the  recall  of  the  ambassador  is  not  considered  as  a 
hostile  movement,  that  the  town  is  comparatively  quiet  after 
the  late  events,  and  that  although  the  ministers  form  a 
provisional  executive  government,  yet  the  real  power  lay  in  the 
hands  of  the  commune  and  the  new  municipality.  He  relates 
the  house  to  house  search  for  suspects,  the  imprisonment  of 
aristocrats,  the  approaching  trial  of  the  queen,  and  the  election 
of  the  convention.  There  seemed  to  be  no  fear  of  the  Duke  of 
Brunswick,  "  the  ablest  general  in  the  world ; "  if  he  reached 
Paris  the  convention  would  retire  to  the  south.  The  alHed 
armies  crossed  the  frontiers  on  August  10,  Sierck  was  taken  on 
August  11,  and  Longwy  surrendered  with  only  a  shew  of 
resistance,  the  heights  of  Verdun  were  reached  on  August  30. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXV 

In  the  scarcity  of  muskets  Danton  obtained  leave  "  to  search 
every  private  house  in  the  kingdom  and  seize  upon  all  arms, 
horses,  waggons,  and  in  general  upon  whatever  property  he 
judged  in  the  present  exigence  useful  to  the  public  service " 
(August  29).  The  French  are  determined  to  meet  invasion  by 
invasion.  Dumouriez  is  to  march  upon  Bruxelles,  Montes- 
quieu into  Savoy  (ib.).  Lindsay  reckons  the  aristocrats  in 
France  as  not  more  than  50,000  (ib.).  On  August  30  we  are 
told  that  the  Assembly  and  the  municipality  are  at  variance, 
and  that  the  Jacobins  have  quarrelled  amongst  themselves ; 
indeed  the  Assembly  is  already  in  a  kind  of  imprisonment 
(ib.).  Indeed  this  difference  which  broke  into  open  quarrel 
(ib.)  is  the  reason  why  Lindsay  could  not  leave  Paris,  as 
no  passport  of  the  Assembly  would  be  valid  unless  it  were 
approved  of  by  the  commune.  Lord  Kerry  and  many  other 
English  are  in  the  same  position  (Sept.  2),  We  feel  very 
vividly  the  terror  which  brought  about  the  September  mas- 
sacres, when  Lindsay  tells  us  on  that  day  that  as  he  writes 
the  alarm  guns  are  firing,  the  tocsin  is  ringing,  and  drums  are 
beating  to  arms  all  over  the  town.  A  courier  has  brought  the 
news  that  the  Prussians  are  near  Chalons,  but  Lindsay  believes 
they  must  be  much  nearer.  The  next  letter  (Sept.  3)  gives  an 
account  of  the  massacres  themselves,  but  a  far  more  graphic 
description  is  to  be  found  in  the  letter  of  the  spy  Colonel  Monro, 
who  watched  the  slaughter  with  his  own  eyes  for  two  hours 
on  Monday  evening. 

Col.  Monro's  letters  are  extremely  interesting,  and  they  are 
the  fuller  because  no  public  journals  were  likely  to  narrate  the 
events  which  he  describes.  The  Revolution  has  passed  entirely 
from  the  domain  of  discussion  and  veiled  legality  to  that  of 
tumultuous  action.  It  will  only  be  necessar}^  to  emphasize 
a  few  matters  which  might  be  overlooked,  or  which  differ 
materially  from  the  view  generally  received.  On  Sept.  15  Monro 
expresses  his  belief  that  if  a  Prussian  army  were  to  appear 
before  Paris  quiet  or  concealed  citizens  who  want  peace,  and 


xxxvi  INTRODUCTION. 

a  vast  number  of  people  who  are  adverse  to  Jacobin  principles 
would  readily  declare  themselves  for  the  king  (p.  231).  He 
reckons  the  number  killed  in  the  massacres  at  seven  thousand 
(p.  232),  and  believes  that  the  murders  if  not  set  agoing  by 
some  one  were  at  least  never  intended  to  be  stopped  (p.  233). 
The  army  is  concentrating  near  Chalons  (p.  233),  the  Parisians 
are  making  preparations  to  resist  a  siege,  they  are  turning  their 
iron  pots  into  cannon  balls,  and  leaden  coffins  into  bullets 
(p.  234).  The  Marseillais  to  the  number  of  four  hundred 
remain  in  the  capital.  Monro  believes  that  they  are  "  Genoese 
assassins  hired  for  the  purpose"  (p.  237).  A  poor  man  happening 
to  say  in  the  Palace  Royal  that  soldiers  were  being  sent  to  the 
army  to  be  butchered  was  immediately  killed  (ib.).  Not  half 
the  soldiers  who  stream  to  Chalons  are  either  armed  or  clothed 
(p.  238).  The  king's  body  servant  was  imprisoned  for  singing 
Gretry's  air  0  Richard  o  mon  roi. 

Monro  tells  us  that  the  Assembly  placard  the  streets  with 
printed  defences  of  their  conduct  (p.  242),  and  that  even 
Roland  the  minister  has  taken  this  means  of  replying  to 
Marat  (p.  244),  Marat  is  described  as  "a  violent  man  laying 
himself  out  for  what  party  he  shall  find  best"  (ib.).  The 
"blackguards  of  Paris"  begin  to  stop  people  publicly  in  the 
streets  and  take  their  watches  and  bracelets  from  them 
(p.  246).  Monro  never  moves  out  but  with  pistols  in  his  pockets 
(p.  247).  It  is  probable  that  if  the  allies  could  have  marched 
straight  upon  Paris  they  would  have  crushed  opposition.  The 
Duke  of  Orleans  passes  part  of  every  day  at  Paris  and  goes 
to  the  country  in  the  evening,  the  only  aristocrat  who  is  secure 
(p.  249).  The  Garde  Meuble  in  which  the  regalia  of  France 
are  kept  is  robbed  and  the  large  crown  diamond  is  stolen.  This 
appeared  to  inspire  the  police  with  new  activity  (p.  251).  Marat 
again  posts  his  handbills  abusing  the  Assembly  and  the  ministers 
(ib.).  The  convention  meets  and  abolishes  every  shew  of  royalty. 
Tom  Payne  makes  a  speech  through  an  interpreter  (p.  253). 
The  first  news  of  Valmy  is  regarded  as  a  defeat  (p.  254).     This 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXVU 

was  not  far  from  the  truth,  as  the  position  was  occupied  by  the 
Prussians  on  the  following  day.  The  general  belief  is  that  the 
allies  will  continue  their  march  on  Paris. 

The  king's  trial  is  now  at  hand,  but  it  is  remarkable  that  not- 
withstanding the  rigour  with  which  they  were  treated  the  Royal 
family  are  always  said  to  be  in  excellent  health.  On  Bee.  17 
Monro  gives  an  account  of  an  English  society  of  friends  of  the 
Revolution  who  meet  in  Paris  and  who  received  a  "  brotherly 
kiss"  from  the  sections.  Few  however  of  the  society  or  of  the 
sections  met  to  exchange  it.  On  Dec.  26  he  sees  Louis  XVI. 
appear  at  the  bar  of  the  convention.  He  was  driven  from  the 
temple  to  the  convention  as  fast  as  possible,  in  about  ten  minutes 
(p.  2G7).  "He  appeared  to  me  perfectly  composed  and  in  good 
health:  his  appearance  and  address  had  a  very  good  effect  upon 
the  people."  After  his  retirement  a  stormy  scene  took  place  in 
which  the  President  was  threatened  with  clenched  fists.  The 
corner  of  every  street  is  papered  with  notices  announcing  the 
approaching  sale  of  the  remaining  property  of  the  emigres. 

On  Jan.  7  Monro  gives  it  as  his  opinion  that  France  is  in  no 
state  to  go  to  war  with  England,  and  that  if  such  a  war  were  to 
take  place  it  would  ruin  France  and  the  constitution  (p.  273). 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  belief  that  the  war  with  France 
would  be  a  short  one  had  much  effect  in  overcoming  Pitt's  re- 
luctance to  undertake  it.  Also  the  French  fleet  is  described  as 
totally  without  officers,  sailors,  or  discipline  (p.  276).  On  Jan.  13 
Robespierre  and  the  sections  are  not  strong  enough  to  prevent 
a  piece  in  favour  of  the  King  called  L'Ami  des  Lois  being 
performed  at  the  Comedie  Fran^aise  (p.  278),  yet  in  this  very  letter 
Monro  has  to  announce  that  the  king  is  condemned  to  death 
(p.  280).  This  was  a  great  surprise.  "  Few,"  he  says,  "of  the 
members  who  went  to  the  National  Convention  on  Thursday 
morning  with  a  positive  resolution  voted  as  they  intended"  (p.  280); 
they  were  intimidated  by  the  mob,  or  influenced  by  some  desire 
to  defy  England  and  Spain.  Monro  says  "  I  cannot  express  the 
horror   that   was   painted   even    in    the    countenance    of  every 


XXXVlll  INTRODUCTION. 

individual  in  the  National  Convention,  where  the  very  worst  of 
the  worst  of  mankind  are  assembled,  when  Egalit^  gave  his  vot© 
for  the  death  of  his  king  and  relation."  Yet  when  Monro  left 
Paris  immediately  afterwards  "there  were  some  thousands  of 
armed  men  parading  in  different  parts  of  the  city  ready  to 
commit  any  sort  of  riot,  and  threatening  destruction  should  the 
king  not  be  put  to  death."  Monro  reached  London  on  Jan.  21, 
the  very  day  of  the  king's  execution.  When  the  news  of  it 
was  received  by  ministers  Chauvelin  was  immediately  dismissed 
the  country,  and  on  Feb.  1  the  French  government  declared  war 
against  England  and  Holland.  From  that  time  Paris  became  a 
closed  city.  No  authentic  information  of  what  passed  within  its 
walls  reached  England  for  a  year,  when  Lord  Elgin  was  able  to 
send  to  Lord  Grenville  the  most  valuable  papers,  which  are 
printed  in  Appendix  I.  and  which  deserve  the  close  attention  of 
every  historian. 


DESPATCHES,  ETC. 


I 


DESPATCHES. 


Draft  of  Instructions  for  Earl  Goaver. 

Instructions  for  our  right  trusty  and  well-beloved  councillor 
George  Granville  Leveson  Gower,  Esq'®.,  commonly  called  Earl 
Gower,  whom  we  have  appointed  our  Ambassador  Extraordinary 
and  Plenipotentiary  to  our  good  brother  the  most  Christian 
King.  Given  at  our  Court  at  St.  James's  the  7th 
1790,  in  the  Thirtieth  year  of  our  reign. 

1.  Upon  the  receipt  of  these  our  instructions  and  your 
letter  of  credence,  you  are  to  repair  to  Dover  where  you  are  to 
embark  for  Calais,  from  whence  you  are  to  proceed  with  all 
convenient  speed  to  Versailles  or  to  such  other  place  as  our 
good  brother,  the  most  Christian  King  shall  keep  his  Court,  of 
whom  you  shall  ask  an  audience  in  our  name,  when  having 
delivered  your  credentials  you  shall  assure  him  of  the  esteem 
and  value  we  have  for  his  person,  and  of  our  sincere  desire 
to  cultivate  the  most  perfect  good  correspondence  between  us 
and  our  said  good  brother,  and  our  respective  dominions. 

2.  You  shall  in  like  manner  deliver  our  letter  of  credence 
to  the  most  Christian  Queen,  accompanying  the  same  with  like 
expressions  of  our  esteem  and  friendship  for  her, 

3.  You  are  likewise  to  make  suitable  compliments  in  our 
name  to  the  princes  of  the  blood,  according  to  the  stile  and 
practice  of  that  Court,  taking  care  at  your  audiences,  and  all 
other  occasions,  to  maintain  our  dignity,  and  that  you  be  treated 
with  all  the  honours  and  respects  that  are  given  to  Ambassadors 
from  Spain  and  other  crowned  heads. 

G.  c.  1 


2  JUNE,  1790. 

4.  Whereas  our  royal  predecessor,  King  Charles  the  second, 
did  by  his  order  in  council  bearing  date  the  26th  day  of  August, 
1668,  direct  that  his  Ambassadors  should  not  for  the  future  give 
the  hand,  in  their  own  houses,  to  envoys,  according  to  what  is 
practised  by  the  Ambassadors  of  other  princes ;  you  are  there- 
fore, in  pursuance  of  the  said  order  in  council,  to  observe  the 
ceremonial  therein  prescribed,  and  to  take  the  hand  of  envoys, 
in  your  own  house. 

5.  If  you  should  learn  that  any  of  our  subjects  are  kept  in 
confinement,  on  account  of  their  religion,  you  are  to  press  the 
Court  of  France  very  earnestly,  in  our  name,  that  all  such 
unfortunate  persons,  who  suffer  for  a  conscientious  adherence  to 
their  religion,  may  be  set  at  liberty. 

6.  You  shall  carefully  observe  the  motions  and  intentions 
of  that  Court  with  respect  to  us  and  our  dominions,  as  well  as 
any  of  their  neighbours ;  you  shall  observe  their  inclinations  in 
relation  to  the  present  state  of  affairs  abroad ;  whether  they  are 
entering  into  any  leagues  or  engagements  with  other  princes, 
especially  such  as  may  be  prejudicial  to  the  publick  peace. 

7.  You  shall  use  your  utmost  endeavours  to  discover  what 
plans  or  secret  designs  the  Court  of  France  may  have  formed,  or 
may  be  forming  in  the  East  Indies ;  what  number  of  ships  of 
war  or  land  forces  may  have  been  sent  from  the  different  ports 
of  France  to  the  East  Indies  since  the  cessation  of  hostilities, 
what  ships  or  land  forces  may  be  preparing  to  be  sent  thither. 
And  also  whether  any,  and  what  orders  have  been  sent  to  the 
commanders  of  their  forces  at  their  several  settlements  in  that 
part  of  the  world. 

8.  You  will  make  it  an  object  of  your  very  particular 
attention  to  discover  whether  any  treaties  are  either  in  agitation, 
or,  actually  entered  into  between  France  and  any  other  European 
state,  and  in  case  such  treaties  should  actually  exist,  or  be  only 
under  consideration,  you  will  take  every  measure  in  your  power 
to  be  informed  of  the  nature  and  extent  of  such  treaty,  or, 
treaties,  and  to  j^rocure  and  transmit  to  me  correct  copies 
thereof. 


INSTRUCTIONS   TO    LORD    GO"\VER.  3 

9.  And  it  will  likewise  be  an  object  well  worthy  of  your 
most  serious  attention  to  discover  whether  any  foreign  ships  of 
war  are  actually  in  any  of  the  ports  of  France,  and  in  case  such 
ships  should  be  in  the  ports  of  the  said  kingdom,  to  ascertain  as 
far  as  possible  the  number,  force  and  destination  of  them 
respectivel3^ 

10.  You  shall  protect  and  countenance  our  merchants 
trading  to  any  of  the  territories  belonging  to  France,  and  use 
your  best  endeavours  to  secure  to  them  the  full  enjoyment 
of  all  those  privileges  and  immunities  which  are  stipulated  by 
the  several  treaties  now  subsisting  between  the  two  Crowns — 
and  particularly  by  the  Treaty  of  Commerce  concluded  at 
Versailles  the  loth  of  January,  1787,  and  to  obtain  relief  for 
them  on  any  just  complaint  they  shall  make  to  you. 

11.  You  shall  constantly  correspond  with  our  several 
ministers  employed  in  foreign  Courts  during  your  residence 
at  that  of  France,  for  your  mutual  information  and  assistance ; 
but  you  are  on  no  account  to  correspond  with  your  private 
friends  on  publick  affairs. 

12.  You  will  in  general  be  extremely  attentive  in  making 
yourself  master  of  the  interior  state  of  the  Court  of  France,  in 
studying  the  passions  and  interests  of  the  Princes  of  the  Blood, 
and  other  great  persons  of  both  sexes,  who  are  in  anywise 
honoured  with  the  friendship  and  confidence  of  their  most 
Christian  Majesties,  and  in  making  the  closest  enquiries  j^ossible 
into  the  dispositions  and  characters  of  the  ministers  of  state, 
not  only  with  regard  to  their  pacifick  or  warlike  inclinations, 
but  to  their  particular  connections  with  one  another,  their 
views,  their  abilities,  their  power,  and  the  degree  of  influence 
each  has,  or  may  have,  with  their  most  Christian  Majesties. 

13.  As  it  must  ever  be  essentially  necessary  to  our  service 
at  all  times  to  be  as  accurately  informed  as  possible  of  the 
interior  state  of  France,  you  will  not  fail  to  pay  the  strictest 
attention  to  the  proceedings  of  the  National  Assembly  now 
sitting  at  Paris,  and  of  any  other  assembly  of  the  states  or 
notables  of  the  kingdom,  which  may  hereafter  be   convened, 

1—2 


4  JUNE,  1790. 

during  your  mission.  Yon  will  use  your  endeavours  to  obtain 
an  accurate  knowledge  of  the  characters  and  views  of  the 
persons  who  may  have  the  lead  in  those  assemblies,  and  of  the 
factions  which  may  prevail  therein,  and  you  will  regularly 
transmit  to  our  aforesaid  Secretary  of  State  all  such  accounts 
upon  this  subject  as  may  appear  to  you  to  be  interesting  for  our 
information. 

14.  On  your  arrival  at  Paris,  you  will  receive  from  our 
minister  there,  the  whole  of  his  correspondence  and  such  of  our 
late  ambassadors  and  ministers  there,  as  may  be  in  his  posses- 
sion, and  you  are  to  consider  the  instructions  contained  therein, 
as  the  rule  of  your  conduct,  as  far  as  the  present  circumstances 
will  admit,  and  you  shall  also  at  the  expiration  of  your  mission, 
either  deliver  to  your  successor,  or  transmit  to  the  office  of  our 
aforesaid  Secretary  of  State,  the  originals  of  the  official  papers 
in  your  custody  and  your  official  correspondence. 

15.  Of  all  matters  you  shall  be  informed  of  during  your 
stay  at  the  Court  of  France,  which  may  be  of  consequence  and 
worthy  our  knowledge,  you  shall  constantly  give  an  account  to 
us  by  our  principal  Secretary  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs,  from 
whom  you  will  receive  such  further  instructions  and  directions 
as  we  shall  think  fit  to  send  you,  which  you  are  to  observe 
accordingly. 


DISTUIIBA.NCES   AT   NIMES. 


Paris,  June  21st,  1790 1. 


Yesterday  I  had  my  audiences  of  their  Most  Christian 
Majesties  and  of  the  rest  of  the  Royal  Family  now  at  Parish 
I  have  delivered  the  Duke  of  Dorset's  Letters  of  Recall  and 
my  credentials,  which  were  most  graciously  received. 


Paris,  Jmie  25th,  1790 ». 

Upon  some  disturbances  happening  at  Nimes  on  the  4th 
of  this  month,  patroles  were  established,  in  which  a  party  of 
dragoons  and  the  Regiment  de  Guyenne  were  employed. 
The  next  day  the  municipality,  not  well  affected  to  the 
Revolution,  having  heretofore  Avorn  white  cockades  but  now 
mounting  the  military  red  tufts  in  their  hats,  insisted  on 
forming  the  patrole  themselves  and  referred  the  question  to 
the  commissioners  appointed  by  the  King  for  the  formation 
of  the  Departement  du  Gard,  who  gave  their  opinion  against 
them ;  but,  notwithstanding  this,  the  municipality  took  upon 
them  to  forbid  the  Regt.  de  Guyenne  and  the  dragoons  to 
continue  the  patrole.  On  the  IStli  the  municipality  attacked 
the  dismounted  dragoons,  one  of  whom  was  killed :  The  citi- 
zens united  themselves  with  the  dragoons  and  the  disorder 
became  considerable.  The  King's  commissioners  required 
martial  law  to  be  proclaimed  and  that  the  Regiment  de 
Guyenne  should  be  put  in  motion.  The  jDroclamation  was 
made,  but  not  till  two  hours  afterwards  and  the  regiment  was 
not  ordered  out,  which  occasioned  the  repulse  of  the  dragoons 
and  citizens.     On  the  14th  the  municipality  recommenced  the 

^  Lord  Gower's  correspondence  opens  on  the  day  in  \Yluch  the  Moniteur 
announced  that  titles  of  nobility  had  been  abolished  by  the  National  Assembly 
on  Saturday,  June  19. 

-  The  King  and  Eoyal  Family  removed  from  Versailles  to  Paris  on 
October  6,  1789.     The  Comte  d'Artois  had  left  the  country. 

*  The  account  of  these  disturbances  is  given  in  the  Moniteur  of  Juno  17  and 
that  of  the  discussion  on  them  in  the  Moniteur  of  June  19.  The  disorders  had 
begun  in  April  and  become  serious  at  the  beginning  of  May.  The  Royalists 
were  also  Catholics,  whereas  the  town  was  generally  Protestant. 


6  JUNE,  1790. 

disorder,  hiding  themselves  in  their  houses,  from  whence  they 
fired  on  the  citizens  and  at  length  assembled  themselves  in 
a  tower,  where  they  fortified  themselves  as  well  as  they  could. 
On  the  loth  the  Regiment  de  Gnyenne  came  to  this  tower, 
but  made  no  attack,  they  were  however  fired  upon  from  thence, 
on  which  their  rage  was  no  longer  to  be  suppressed ;  they 
forced  the  tower  and  many  persons  were  killed.  The  next  day 
the  aggressors  assembled  in  a  convent,  from  whence  they  were 
likewise  dislodged ;  the  killed  in  these  different  skirmishes 
amount  to  about  80. 

This  account  was  given  to  the  National  Assembly  by  one  of 
the  deputies  of  Nimes,  who  said  that  the  city  was  desirous  that 
the  King  should  testify  to  his  commissioners  his  satisfaction  at 
the  part  they  had  taken  in  defence  of  its  inhabitants  and  that 
he  should  continue  their  powers  till  tranquillity  was  re-estab- 
lished. After  some  altercation  the  Assembly  decreed,  that  their 
president  should  immediately  wait  upon  the  King  and  beg  him 
to  continue  powers  to  his  commissioners  and  to  charge  them 
expressly  to  maintain  the  public  tranquillity  and  to  divest  the 
municipality  of  Nimes  of  this  part  of  their  functions. 

On  Saturday  last  a  body  of  men,  consisting  of  those  who 
were  the  most  active  at  the  taking  of  the  Bastille,  was  admitted 
at  the  bar  at  the  National  Assembly  when  Mr  le  Camus  read  a 
Projet  de  Ddcret  from  the  Committee  of  Pensions,  which  was  to 
this  effect  that,  struck  with  admiration  at  the  heroick  in- 
trepidity of  the  conquerors  of  the  Bastille,  the  National  As- 
sembly decrees  that  every  man  of  that  body  shall  receive  an 
uniform  and  arms' :  upon  the  barrel  of  their  muskets  and  upon 
the  blades  of  their  swords  shall  be   inscribed — Given  hy  the 

nation  to  Conqueror  of  the  Bastille,  and  besides  other 

marks  of  gratitude  from  their  country,  on  the  14th  of  next 
month  (the  day  of  the  confederation)  there  is  to  be  a  place 
allotted  for  them  in  the  Champ  de  Mars  where  France  may 
contemplate  the  first  conquerors  of  Liberty.    This  decree  passed 

1  See  Moniteur  June  21,  1790.  A  note  says  that  the  reward  gave  rise  to  the 
idea  ten  years  afterwards  of  sabres  of  honour,  which  were  soon  afterwards 
replaced  by  the  inbtitution  of  the  Legion  of  honour.  During  the  Convention  no 
material  rewards  were  given,  but  it  was  only  declared  that  a  citizen  had  deserved 
•well  of  his  country. 


DISSENSIONS   IN    PARIS.  7 

par  acclamation.  The  consequence  however  may  be  very 
serious,  for,  I  have  just  learnt  that,  the  ci-devant  Gardes 
Fran9aises  and  the  Troupes  du  Centre,  in  fact  the  whole  of  the 
Milice  Soldee,  amounting  to  about  8000  men  conceive  that  they 
are  entitled  to  the  same  honors :  the  conquerors  of  the  Bastille 
have,  in  consequence  very  handsomely  waved  their  new  honors ; 
but  the  inhabitants  of  the  Quartier  and  Fauxbourg  St  Antoine, 
to  which  they  belong,  insist  upon  their  maintaining  their  new 
dignities.  Mr  de  la  Fayette  and  the  Mayor \  who  have  been 
occupied  with  these  dissentions  all  yesterday  and  this  day, 
have  sent  out  orders  to  convene  the  principals  of  the  dissatisfied 
troops  in  order  to  compromise  with  them. 

These  dissentions,  my  lord,  become  alarming  in  proportion 
as  the  14th  approaches.  The  town  having  promised  to  give 
a  fete  to  the  crowd  which  will  be  assembled  from  all  parts 
of  France  on  that  day,  it  is  scarcely  to  be  supposed  that  it  can 
end  without  some  disagreeable  event,  occasioned  by  the  intoxi- 
cation of  many  thousand  people  assembled  together,  but  I  am 
far  from  believing  that  there  is  any  premeditated  plan  to  create 
fresh  disturbances.  The  decree  of  the  National  Assembly, 
which  passed  last  Sunday,  abolishing  hereditary  nobility  and  all 
titles  whatever  that  do  not  come  under  the  name  of  Grande 
together  with  the  prohibition  of  liveries  and  coats  of  arms  has 
not  met  with  the  expected  popularity.  The  King  however  has 
given  his  sanction  to  it.  The  day  on  which  it  passed,  the  wives 
of  the  Spanish  and  Sardinian  Ambassadors  were  insulted,  with 
words  only  on  account  of  their  servants'  liveries.  The  Corps 
Diplomatique  have  in  consequence  complained  to  Mr  de  Mont- 
morin  and  it  is  in  agitation  to  have  some  additional  mark  to 
distinguish  us  from  the  natives,  such  as,  that  our  servants 
should  carry  canes  or  wear  some  particular  feather  in  their  hats. 

Mr  Fitz-herbert's  courier  passed  through  this  place  yesterday 
morning  between  eight  and  nine  o'clock ;  the  Spanish  courier 
arrived  at  the  same  time. 

Yesterday  the  President  informed  the  Assembly  that  he  had 
seen  three  deputies  from  Avignon  that  morning  who  desired  to 
be  received  at  the  bar  on  Saturday.     After  a  few  observations 

1  Eailly. 


8  JUNE,  1790. 

whether  as  petitioners  their  petitions  should  be  ordered  to  be 
presented  and  to  lie  on  the  table  till  they  should  have  delibe- 
rated on  the  subject,  or,  whether,  as  foreign  ministers  the  execu- 
tive power  has  the  sole  right  to  receive  them,  it  was  arrete  that 
they  should  be  received  by  the  Assembly  on  Saturday  morning. 
Mr  de  Mirabeau\  le  jeune  (as  he  is  now  called,  to  distinguish 
him  from  his  brother  since  the  abolition  of  titles)  is  expected 
here  to  day  or  tomorrow  to  give  an  account  of  his  conduct  before 
the  National  Assembly.  His  absurd  behaviour  in  running  off 
with  the  cravates  (the  streamers  of  the  colours)  of  his  regiment 
at  Perpignan  had  nearly  cost  him  his  life. 


Paeis,  July  2,  1790. 

In  my  last  dispatch  I  informed  your  Grace  that 
jealousies  were  excited  between  the  ci-devant  Gardes  Francjaises 
and  the  Corj)s  des  Vainqueurs  de  la  Bastille.  Those  jealousies 
have  subsided,  the  latter  having  deputed  Mr  Bailly  the  Mayor, 
to  declare  to  the  National  Assembly  that  they  declined  all 
marks  of  honor  which  might  distinguish  them  from  their  fellow 
citizens. 

A  deputation,  of  a  different  sort,  has  lately  afforded  much 
astonishment.  Les  Dames  de  la  Halle  have  sent  deputies  from 
their  body  to  Turin,  inviting  the  Comte  and  Comtesse  d'Artois 
to  Paris,  in  order  to  be  present  at  the  Federation.  At  Lyons 
they  were  placed  in  the  commandant's  box  at  the  play  house, 

1  An  account  of  this  escapade  is  given  in  the  Moniteur  of  June  19.  The 
Vicomte  de  MiraLeau  was  colonel  of  the  regiment  of  Touraine.  Mirabeau 
having  gone  to  visit  it  at  Perpignan  lodged  in  the  house  of  the  Marquis 
d'Aguylar  the  mayor,  and  the  flags  of  the  regiment  were  placed  in  the  same 
house  in  a  room  next  to  that  occupied  by  Mirabeau.  Mirabeau  left  the  town  at 
five  in  the  morning,  and  when  the  regiment  came  to  fetch  the  colours  at  ten 
they  found  them  without  their  streamers.  The  mayor  was  seized  and  put  into 
prison  as  a  hostage,  and  Mirabeau  was  himself  arrested  at  Castelnaudary  and 
the  streamers  found  in  his  luggage.  Mirabeau  was  set  at  liberty  by  order  of  the 
assembly.  On  June  27  he  explamed  that  he  had  gone  to  Perpignan  to  quell  a 
mutiny  in  his  regiment,  that  he  found  the  men  in  great  disorder,  and  that  he 
carried  off  the  streamers  in  order  that  the  king  might  send  them  to  some  town 
where  the  loyal  soldiers  could  rally  round  them.     Moniteur,  June  29. 


THE   PREPARATION   OF  THE  CHAMP  DE  MARS.  9 

from  whence  tliey  harangued  the  spectators,  between  the  acts. 
They  carry  with  them  passports  signed  by  Mr  de  Montmorin, 
Mr  de  la  Fayette  and  Mr  Bailly. 

The  Duke  of  Orleans^  has  ordered  a  table  of  300  covers  for 
the  14th  and  15th,  and  has  written  to  inform  his  friends  that  he 
intends  to  be  here  before  that  time.  It  is  supposed  that  he  will 
change  his  mind  ;  copies  of  certain  papers,  now  at  the  Chatelct 
having  been  sent  to  him  officially,  which  may  have  that  effect. 

Eighteen  hundred  people  are  employed  in  preparing  the 
Champ  de  Mars  which  is  to  be  disposed  so  as  to  be  able  to 
contain  300,000  people,  it  is  with  great  difficulty  that  the  work- 
men are  kept  in  any  degree  of  subordination. 

It  does  not  appear  probable  that  the  debate  upon  the 
family  compact^  will  come  on  soon,  as  it  does  not  seem  to  be 
the  desire  of  the  ministry  or  of  the  majority  of  the  Assembly 
that  it  should,  as  a  proof  however  that  many  of  the  enrages 
wish  that  the  question  should  be  canvassed,  I  send  your  Grace 
enclosed  No.  4  of  a  Journal  published  by  the  Societe  de  1789. 
That  club  and  the  Club  des  Jacobins  are  the  places  where  most 
subjects  are  debated  and  determined  upon  before  they  are 
proposed  in  the  National  Assembly.  La  Society  de  1790  has  a 
correspondence  with  people  of  the  same  way  of  thinking  in 
most  parts  of  Eurojoe. 

The  last  dispatch  that  Mr  de  Montmorin  has  received  from 
Spain  is  dated  the  22nd.  The  Spanish  Ambassador  told  me 
that  from  it  he  learns  that  the  man  who  stabbed  Mr  de  Florida 
Blanca  is  a  French  chirurgeon ;  he  suspects  that  he  was  once 
his  (Mr  de  Fernan  Nunez's)  valet  de  chambre  chirurgion :  and, 
if  so,  he  has  lived  a  long  time  in  South  America. 

The  second  battalion  of  the  Hcgiment  de  la  Guadeloupe,  in 
garrison  at  Port  Louis,  in  the  Island  of  Tobago,  has  rebelled 
against  its  officers  and  the  town  has  been  burnt  to  ashes.     The 

1  He  was  at  this  time  in  England. 

^  The  question  of  how  far  the  Faniilj'  Compact  of  17G1  between  France  and 
Spain  was  binding  upon  the  French  monarchy  under  its  new  conditions.  The 
risk  of  war  between  England  and  Spain  about  the  question  of  Nootka  Sound 
was  avoided  by  the  submission  of  SiDain.  Baron  de  Stael  says  under  date 
June  1,  "Le  comte  de  Montmorin  parait  decide  a  ne  presenter  a  I'assemblee 
Nationale  I'affaire  qui  regardc  Ic  pacte  de  famille  qu'apres  le  14  juillet." 


10  JULY,  1790. 

National  Volunteers  and  the  soldiers  mutually  accuse  each  other 
of  being  the  cause  of  this  disaster.  The  battalion  is  embarked 
on  board  some  merchant  ships  in  order  to  return  to  France. 

In  consequence  of  this  event  the  Assembly  has  decreed  that 
their  President  shall  desire  the  King  to  order  that  means  of 
subsistance  and  defence  shall  be  sent  to  the  inhabitants  of 
Tobago ;  who,  it  may  be  proper  to  remark,  consist  of  nearly 
twenty  thousand  blacks  to  three  hundred  and  fifty  whites. 

But  that  island  does  not  alone  suffer  from  intestine  broils, 
for,  in  a  letter  from  Port  au  Prince  there  is  an  account  of  an 
insurrection  of  the  regiment  of  artillery  in  that  town  against  its 
officers,  and  of  a  conspiracy  being  discovered  among  the  blacks 
of  Cap  Francais. 

It  is  also  reported,  that  they  are  acting  the  same  sort  of 
scenes  at  Martinique.  In  truth  it  is  difficult  to  say  in  what 
part  of  the  French  dominions  there  are  not  commotions. 


Paeis,  July  5,  1790. 

I  ^\Tite  by  this  day's  post  to  inform  your  Grace  of  an 
event  that  happened  lately  near  Pont-Beauvoisin. 

The  Abbe  Comte  de  Cordon,  a  relation  of  the  Sardinian 
Ambassador  at  this  Court,  in  going  from  hence  to  Savoy,  was 
attacked  by  the  populace  at  a  small  village  near  and  on  this 
side  of  Pont-Beauvoisin;  being,  on  account  of  his  name,  mis- 
taken for  the  Ambassador :  he  was  stript  naked  to  discover 
if  he  had  any  letters  about  him ;  none  however  were  found. 

I  must  here  mention  that  he  had  had  one,  Avritten  by 
the  Ambassador  upon  private  business,  but  not  knowing  the 
contents  of  it,  he  had  contrived  to  eat  it  up  before  he  was 
seized.  The  populace  were  long  in  suspence  whether  they 
should  hang  him  or  carry  him  back  prisoner  to  Lyons,  before 
they  could  decide,  by  good  luck,  somebody  arrived  who  knew 
his  person  and  he  was  allowed  to  proceed.  On  his  arrival  at 
Turin  a  messenger  was  dispatched  to  Paris ;  the  Sardinian 
Ambassador  has  presented  a  memorial  from  his  Court  and  there 
the  affair  rests  at  present. 


DISPUTES  OF   MEDITERRANEAN   SAILORS.  11 

When,  in  my  last  dispatch  I  said  there  were  1800  men 
at  work  in  the  Champ  de  Mars,  my  calculation  was  short  of  the 
real  number ;  at  present  there  are  almost  as  many  thousands : 
and  yesterday,  being  Sunday,  5000  of  the  bourgeoisie  worked 
voluntarily. 

Some  French  sailors,  having  seized  the  nets  of  a  Neapolitan 
fishing  vessel  in  the  port  of  Martigues,  the  Neapolitans  applied 
for  redress,  but,  not  being  able  to  obtain  it,  they  have  seized 
the  nets  of  a  French  vessel  by  way  of  reprisals.  An  affair  of 
the  same  sort  has  happened  at  Toulon.  An  Algerene  had  taken 
a  Neapolitan  vessel,  which  was  retaken,  near  the  port  of  Toulon, 
by  Neapolitan  and  French  sailors  and  carried  to  the  Lazaretto. 
The  captain  demanded  his  shijj,  and  upon  being  refused,  sailed 
for  Algiers  in  order  to  lay  his  complaint  before  the  Dey.  In  the 
first  case,  the  King  has  ordered  the  Amirante  de  Martigues 
to  proceed  against  the  agressors  and  in  the  latter  he  has  ordered 
the  vessel  to  be  restored;  for  both  these  measures  His  Majesty 
has  received  the  thanks  of  the  National  Assembly. 

The  Marquis  de  Pons,  his  M.  C.  Majesty's  Ambassador  in 
Sweden  is  going  in  the  same  capacity  to  the  Court  of  Spain. 

I  send  your  Grace  the  Postilion  par  Calais  of  yesterday. 


Paris,  July  9,  1790. 

In  order  to  prevent  confusion  at  this  time  when  it  is  so 
much  to  be  feared,  the  elections  for  the  new  municipality  of 
Paris  are  postponed,  by  a  decree  of  the  National  Assembly,  to 
the  25th  of  this  month. 

Mr  Albert  de  Rioms,  who  is  appointed  to  command  the 
fleet,  is  to  be  allowed  to  take  the  civic  oath  on  the  day  of  the 
Confederation  for  himself  and  for  the  sailors  under  his  command 
with  an  intent  to  do  away  his  unpopularity.  When  this  was 
agitated  in  the  Assembly  it  was  opposed  by  Mr  Robertspierre* 

^  This  spelling  of  the  name  gives  some  countenance  to  the  idea  that 
Robespierre  was  an  Englishman  or  an  Irishman  by  birth,  and  that  his  real 
name  was  Robert  Spier.  Madame  Huber  in  her  letters  to  Lord  Auckland  (MS.) 
calls  him  Bob  Spier. 


12  JULY,  1790. 

and  Mr  Charles  de  Lametli ;  the  former  expressed,  very  strongly, 
his  hopes  that  France  would  not  side  with  Spain  on  the  present 
occasion. 

Having  in  my  dispatch  No.  2  enclosed  a  paper  published  by 
the  Socie'td  de  1789  in  favor  of  Spain,  I  think  it  proper  to 
inform  your  Grace  that  I  believe  what  is  there  said  to  be  far 
from  the  general  opinion  of  that  society.  They  have  since 
published  the  articles  of  the  family  compact  with  notes  to  prove 
the  impossibility  of  maintaining  that  treaty  with  their  present 
constitution.  They  say  that  they  cannot  adhere  to  engage- 
ments which  never  were  just,  which  are  incompatible  with  the 
rights  of  man  and  the  principles  of  a  free  constitution  and 
which  render  the  nation  dependant  upon  the  will  of  one  man 
and  that  man  a  stranger.  They  declare  such  treaties  between 
Kings  to  be  conspiracies  against  the  people  of  their  respective 
countries. 

I  have  reason  to  think  that  the  preparations  at  Brest  pro- 
ceed extremely  slowly  and  that  they  are  in  great  want  both  of 
men  and  ammunition :  with  regard  to  the  latter,  most  of  the 
municipalities,  through  whose  territories  powder  and  other  am- 
munitions are  to  pass,  have  stopt  them,  and  the  Assembly 
has  been  obliged  to  make  a  decree,  by  way  of  passport  for  them, 
that  of  the  minister  not  having  sufficient  effect. 

Mr  Necker  on  Sunday  last^  having  asked  for  a  supply  of 
45  millions  of  livres,  the  Caisse  d'Escompte  was  ordered  by  the 
National  Assembly  to  pay  that  sum  into  the  treasury  in  notes 
portant  promesses  d' assignats :  since  which  time  the  administra- 
tors of  that  bank  have  issued  out  daily  notes  to  the  amount  of 
3  millions  and  a  half 

The  National  Assembly  has  decreed  that  justice  shall  be 
administered  in  the  name  of  the  King.  That  the  venality  of 
officers  of  judicature  shall  be  abolished  and  that  the  judges  shall 
be  paid  by  the  State,  They  are  to  be  elected  for  the  term 
of  six  years;  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  they  may  be 
re-elected.  They  cannot  be  dismissed  except  in  cases  of  for- 
feiture.    They  are  to  have  suppl(^ants  to  supply  their  place, 

^  Von  Sybel  says  "  the  assignats  fabricated  in  April  had  already  been  spent 
before  the  end  of  August,  and  no  new  resources  could  anywhere  be  discovered." 


ASS  1  GNATS.  13 

in  case  of  death  or  dismission,  till  the  expiration  of  the  six 
years,  and  assesseurs  (assistants),  in  case  of  temporary  dis- 
ability. 

In  all  matters  civil  and  criminal,  pleadings,  reports  and 
judgments  are  to  be  public  and  every  citizen  is  to  have  a  right 
to  defend  his  own  cause  by  speech  or  writing.  All  criminal 
matters  are  to  be  tried  by  jury  and  the  code  of  civil  law  is  to  be 
immediately  reformed. 

The  town  of  Grenoble  has  written  to  the  Assemble  Nationale 
that  a  camp  of  1500  men  is  forming  in  Savoy,  and  that  the 
Chasseurs  de  Royal-Corse  now  in  garrison  there  have  received 
orders  to  quit  that  town ;  they  express  their  fears  of  the  conse- 
quence. The  President  has  been  ordered  to  lay  the  letter  before 
the  King  and  to  intreat  his  Majesty  to  quiet  the  fears  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Grenoble. 

The  zeal  shewn  by  the  Parisiens  that  the  circus  in  the 
Champ  de  Mars  should  be  finished  before  the  14th  exceeds  all 
belief.  They  go  in  large  troops,  drum  beating,  colours  flying  to 
assist  the  workmen. 

Many  people  still  doubt  that  the  Duke  of  Orleans  will  ap- 
pear on  the  occasion :  his  chancellor,  Mr  de  la  Touche  read  a 
[letter]  from  him  to  the  National  Assembly  in  which  he  says 
that  if  they  decide  qu'il  n'y  a  pas  lieu  a  deliberer  he  will 
certainly  assist  at  the  fete.  They  did  not  do  that  but  called 
for  the  order  of  the  day;  how  his  Serene  Highness  will  under- 
stand that  j)roceeding  remains  to  be  known.  I  enclose  the 
Exposed  de  la  Conduite  de  Mr  le  Due  d'Orleans. 


Pauis,  July  15,  1700. 

The  ceremony  of  the  Confederation  was  performed 
yesterday  without  the  least  disturbance  :  I  have  not  heard  that 
a  single  accident  has  happened.  I  shall  send  the  particulars  to 
your  Grace  by  the  courier. 


14  JULY,  1790. 

Pabis,  Juhj  16,  1790, 

The  ceremony  of  the  fourteenth  was  conducted  with, 
astonishing  regularity.  An  event  however  had  nearly  happened 
Avhich  would  have  impeded  it  and  might  have  been  the  cause  of 
many  peoples'  death.  The  temporary  wooden  bridge  over  the 
Seine  gave  way  in  one  place:  the  rest  however  remained  suf- 
ficiently firm  to  allow  the  procession  to  pass  over  it.  The  oath 
taken  by  his  Majesty  was  this: 

I,  King  of  the  French,  swear  to  the  Nation  to  employ  all  the 
power  delegated  to  me  by  the  constitutional  law  of  the  State  to 
maintain  the  constitution  decreed  by  the  National  Assembly 
and  accepted  by  me,  and  to  cause  the  laws  to  be  executed. 

The  Duke  of  Orleans,  whose  arrival  last  Sunday  made  little 
impression,  was  the  only  one  of  the  Royal  Family  present  who 
did  not  meet  with  applause,  he  finds  himself  not  applauded  by 
the  people,  and  treated  with  insult  by  the  nobility. 

The  National  Assembly  has  ordered  the  following  Projet  de 
Decret  from  the  Comite  Militaire  to  be  printed. 

Art^".  1^*.  The  army  shall  consist  of  204,619  soldiers  or 
officers,  of  which  150,953  en  activite,  and  50,000  sedentaires 
dans  les  departemens:  the  proportion  of  foreign  troops  in  time  of 
peace,  including  the  Swiss,  to  be  as  one  to  eight  and  three-fifths. 

Art'®.  2"*^.  The  proportion  of  the  infantry  to  the  rest  of  the 
army  as  three  and  one-third  to  four.  The  cavalry  as  one  to 
five  and  a  fifth. 

Art'^  3'"'^.  The  French  army  in  time  of  war,  by  the  addition 
of  foreign  troops  shall  consist  of  233,730  men.  The  proportion 
of  the  infantry  to  the  rest  of  the  army  will  then  be  as  five  and  a 
half  to  seven,  the  cavalry  as  one  to  five  and  a  third.  The 
artillery  and  engineers  as  one  to  sixteen  seven-ninths. 

Art'"'.  4*^^.  The  proportion  of  officers  to  soldiers  in  the  in- 
fantry in  time  of  war  as  one  to  twenty-eight  one-third,  in  the 
cavalry  and  dragoons  as  one  to  eighteen,  in  the  light  trooi^s  as 
one  to  twenty,  in  the  artillery  and  engineers  as  one  to  ten  and 
one-third. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  Committee  of  Pensions  to  reduce 
their  amount  from  58  millions  per  annum  to  18  millions. 


FETE   IN  THE   CHAMP  DE   MARS.  15 

Letters  from  many  of  the  seaport  towns  in  Spain  mention 
that  orders  have  been  received  from  government  to  allow  the 
merchant  ships  which  had  been  detained  in  the  several  ports  to 
proceed  to  the  places  of  their  destination. 

I  am  to  acquaint  your  Grace  that  the  Prince  of  Monaco  has 
desired  me  to  convey  to  their  Majesties  in  the  most  respectful 
manner,  his  wishes  for  their  prosperity  and  happiness. 


Paeis,  Jtihj  16,  1790. 

On  Sunday  last  the  Spanish  Ambassador  informed  me 
and  the  rest  of  the  foreign  ministers  that  he  had  seen  Mr  de 
Montmorin  the  preceding  day,  who  told  him  that  Mr  de  Bailly, 
the  mayor  of  Paris,  had  signified  to  him  his  intention  to  write 
to  the  foreign  ministers  informing  them  that  there  would  be 
a  covered  gallery  prepared  for  them  on  the  fourteenth.  It  was 
the  general  opinion  that  this  was  not  a  sufficiently  formal 
invitation.  I  therefore  agreed  with  the  rest  to  return  politeness 
for  politeness ;  that  we  should  leave  our  names  in  person  at 
Mr  de  Bailly's  door  but  not  to  assist  at  the  ceremony.  On 
Monday  night,  Mr  de  Segneville,  secretaire  a  la  conduite  des 
Ambassadeurs,  wrote  to  us  that  he  was  that  moment  ordered  by 
Mr  de  Montmorin  de  nous  pr^venir,  au  nom  de  la  municipalite 
et  de  I'Assemblde  federative  que  Messieurs  les  Ambassadeurs  et 
Ministres  Strangers  ainsi  que  les  Strangers  qui  les  accom- 
pagneront,  auront  a  la  ceremonie  du  pacte  federatif  des  places 
reservees  dans  la  gallerie  couverte  ou  serout  places  le  Roi  et 
I'Assemblee  Nationale. 

In  consequence  of  this  I  waited,  on  Tuesday  morning  on  the 
Swedish  Ambassador^  whose  opinion  I  judged  to  be  the  same 
as  mine,  and  I  found  that  I  was  not  mistaken;  he  agreeing  with 
me  that  this  formal  notification  from  the  municiiiality  ought  to 

1  Baron  de  Stael  Holstein,  husband  of  Madame  de  Stael  ni^e  Necker.  He 
gives  an  account  of  the  same  circumstance  in  his  correspondence  July  15. 
Lord  Gower's  accoi;nt  of  this  transaction  is  more  full  than  that  of  Baron  do 
Stael. 


16  JULY,  1790. 

alter  the  determination  made  on  Sunday,  he  promised  to  meet 
me  at  the  Bureau  des  Affaires  Etrangeres,  where,  being  Tuesday, 
we  should  meet  the  other  ministers :  from  thence  I  went  to  the 
Nvuitio,  whose  opinion  I  already  knew  to  coincide  with  mine. 
I  found  him  at  the  Bureau  des  Affaires  Etrangeres,  not  disposed 
to  support  his  opinion  with  vigour.  My  next  step  was  to 
discover  Mr  de  Montmorin's  sentiments  who  ingenuously  enough 
told  me  that  his  private  opinion  was  that  we  should  go  ;  but 
being  asked  what  he  imagined  the  King  might  wish,  he  declined 
giving  any  answer. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  the  Spanish  and  Neapolitan  Ambassa- 
dors, they  shewed  an  inclination  to  maintain  their  former 
resolution;  upon  their  addressing  themselves  to  me,  I  declared 
that  I  was  ready  to  conform  to  the  determination  of  the  rest  but 
gave  my  opinion  for  going.  Upon  this  the  Spanish  Ambassador 
took  the  first  opportunity  of  desiring  Mr  de  Montmorin,  before 
us  all,  to  write  to  his  Majesty  requesting  to  know  his  pleasure. 
The  minister's  answer  was  that,  if  we  insisted  upon  it,  he  would 
write,  but,  at  the  same  time,  he  could  tell  us  beforehand  the 
answer  would  be  that  the  King  was  indifferent  and  that  we 
should  do  what  we  thought  proper,  Mr  de  Fernan-Nunez  with 
much  warmth,  observed  that  this  was  the  sort  of  treatment  he 
had  met  with  during  the  whole  of  this  year ;  that  if  the  King's 
answer  was  to  that  effect  the  whole  blame  of  our  proceeding 
should  fall  upon  Mr  de  Montmorin.  Upon  this  the  minister 
retired  to  his  cabinet,  wrote  to  the  King  and,  without  waiting 
for  the  answer,  ordered  a  letter  to  be  written  to  the  mayor 
desiring  a  guard  for  every  foreign  minister's  carriage,  all  car- 
riages not  so  attended  being  forbid  on  the  day  of  the  ceremony. 
His  Majesty's  answer  was  that  he  should  be  happy  to  see  the 
foreign  ministers  at  all  public  ceremonies  at  which  he  himself 
should  assist.  We  accordingly  went  the  next  morning  in  a 
body,  all  being  present  except  the  Dutch  Ambassador  whose 
state  of  health  was  a  sufficient  excuse.  It  seems  to  be  a  general 
opinion  that  our  absence  might  have  occasioned  serious  conse- 
quences, and  I  flatter  myself  that  my  conduct  upon  this  occasion 
will  not  incur  the  censure  of  his  Majesty  and  his  confidential 
ministers. 


NEW   MUNICIPAL    ELECTIONS.  17 


PAras,  July  23,  1790. 


The  day  of  Confederation  has  been  followed  by  a  week  of 
conviviality.  Panem  and  Circenses  have  been  bestowed  with  a 
most  liberal  hand,  and  the  deputies  are  about  to  return  to  their 
respective  departments  well  pleased  and  in  good  harmony  with 
their  fellow  citizens  of  the  cajjital.  They  have  been  desired  to 
exhort  their  countrymen  to  pay  their  shares  of  the  patriotic  con- 
tribution, twenty-eight  thousand  municipallities  not  having  as 
yet  subscribed,  and,  lest  exhortations  should  fail,  the  National 
Assembly  has  ordered  the  Committee  of  Finance  to  prepare  a 
Projet  de  Decret  which  may  empower  the  municipallities  to  ful- 
fill that  part  of  their  duty  and  by  coercive  means  to  procure 
exact  payments  of  the  patriotic  contribution,  and  also  to  enable 
the  districts  and  departments  to  oblige  the  municipallities  so  to 
do  with  all  the  diligence  that  the  public  good  requires. 

As  soon  as  one  cloud  has  passed  without  falling  another 
appears  on  the  horizon ;  the  elections  for  the  new  municipallity 
begin  next  Monday  and,  it  is  sup^DOsed,  they  will  continue  some 
weeks,  during  which  time  there  will  be  great  need  for  the 
exertions  of  Mr  de  Bailly  and  Mr  de  la  Fayette,  exertions  which 
of  late  have  deserved  the  greatest  commendations,  for  to  them 
probably  is  owing  the  wonderful  tranquillity  that  has  subsisted. 

It  is  reported  that  the  King  of  Sardinia  has  ordered  all 
French  subjects  to  quit  Nice  and  every  part  of  his  dominions 
bordering  on  France.  I  omitted  to  inform  your  Grace,  in  my 
last,  that  Mr  de  Bonne-Savardin,  who  is  accused  of  a  conspiracy 
with  Mr  de  Maillebois  against  the  present  government,  has  made 
his  escape  from  prison.  I  enclose  a  letter  of  Mr  Guignard, 
ci-devant  Comte  de  St  Priest,  to  the  President  of  the  National 
Assembly,  which  he  sent  to  me  for  that  purpose :  your  Grace 
will  find  by  it  that  he  has  been  impeached  by  the  Comit(^s  de 
Rdcherches  both  of  the  town  and  of  the  National  Assembly  of 
having  entered  into  the  same  conspiracy.  It  is  supposed  that 
they  were  to  be  supplied  with  men  and  money  by  the  King  of 
Sardinia  to  enter  Dauphine,  while  ten  thousand  men,  raised  by 
the  Prince  of  Hesse  and  other  German  Princes  who  have  posses- 
sions in  Alsace,  were  to  invade  the  last  mentioned  pi-ovince. 
G.  c.  2 


18  JULY,  1790. 

The  National  Assembly  has,  after  many  debates  on  the 
subject,  decreed  that  East  India  goods  are  to  be  allowed  to 
be  imported  only  at  Port  de  I'Orient  and  Toulon.  They  have 
also  decreed  that  in  every  session  upon  the  proposition  of  the 
executive  power  the  number  of  individuals  of  every  rank  both  in 
the  army  and  navy  shall  be  determined  by  a  decree  of  the 
legislative  body  sanctioned  by  the  King. 

A  letter  has  been  read  by  one  of  the  secretaries  from  Mr  de 
la  Luzerne  demanding  money  for  the  equipment  of  the  fleet 
which  the  Assembly  has  authorized,  but  no  notice  has  as  yet 
been  taken  of  it.  I  take  the  liberty  of  informing  your  Grace 
that,  on  the  same  day,  a  letter  of  compliment  was  read  from 
Lord  Stanhope,  as  president  of  a  society  in  London  who  call 
themselves  Friends  to  the  French  Revolution,  merely  to  shew 
what  effect  the  reading  of  it  had  on  the  Assembly.  Mr  C. 
Lameth  moved  that  it  should  be  printed  and  also  that  the 
president  should  be  ordered  to  write  an  answer  to  the  society, 
and  declared  that,  in  his  opinion,  it  might  tend  to  the  tran- 
quillity of  Europe.  Another  member  opposed  it,  and  whenever 
he  spoke  of  the  two  nations  as  rivals  he  was  called  to  order  with 
much  clamor.     Mr  Lameth's  motion  was  carried. 

To  the  few  accidents  that  hapj^ened  on  the  14th  I  have  to 
add  the  oversetting  of  a  boat  by  which  some  persons  were 
drowned,  among  the  rest  two  deputies,  sons  of  the  mayor  of 
Aurillac.  This  has  been  thought  a  sufficient  occasion  for  the 
attendance  of  deputies  from  the  town  of  Paris  to  attend  the 
obsequies  and  a  decree  to  that  purpose  from  the  National 
Assembly. 


Paris,  July  30,  1790. 

Alarms  of  a  very  serious  nature,  and  ill  founded  suspicions 
have  of  late  occupied  the  attention  of  the  National  Assembly. 
An  express  arrived  on  Tuesday  from  the  department  of  the 
Ardennes  informing  them  that  the  commandant  of  Mdzieres  had 
received  orders  from  Mr  de  Bouille  at  Metz  to  allow  Austrian 


LETTER   OF   M.    DE   BOUILL:^,  19 

troops  to  pass  through  Mezieres,  in  their  way  to  the  Loav 
Countries ;  in  consequence  of  a  requisition  to  that  effect  from  the 
Comte  de  Mercy,  that  Rocroy,  Charleville  and  Avesnes  were 
without  troops,  that  the  whole  country  was  in  the  greatest 
consternation,  that,  instead  of  attending  to  the  harvest  the 
peasants  were  arming  themselves  and  that  the  navigation  of  the 
Meuse  was  interrupted.  A  decree  was  passed  in  consequence 
appointing  six  commissioners  to  examine,  at  the  war  office,  the 
King's  orders  to  the  several  commanders  of  the  frontier-towns, 
and  also  to  require  from  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  a  com- 
munication of  the  intelligence  that  he  has  received  relative  to 
the  political  situations  of  the  neighbouring  Powers.  I  must 
observe  that,  during  the  debate,  one  of  the  members,  Mr  Mar- 
tineau,  expressed  no  small  suspicions  of  the  conduct  of  the 
British  Cabinet ;  he  imagines  that  there  subsists  a  good  under- 
standing between  the  Courts  of  London  and  Madrid  and  dreads 
the  consequence. 

By  the  report  of  the  commissioners  it  appears  that  Mr  de 
Bouilld's  letter  w^as  written  by  his  Majesty's  orders'  in  conse- 
quence of  a  convention  made  between  the  two  Powers  in  17C9, 
although  a  decree  passed  the  Assembly  on  the  28th  of  Feb- 
ruary forbidding  the  introduction  of  any  foreign  troops  without 
a  decree  of  the  legislative  body,  that,  with  regard  to  the  troops 
in  the  frontier-towns  it  appears  that  there  are  but  150  men  at 
Pocroy  and  one  battalion  of  the  Regiment  of  Esterhazy  at 
Charleville,  the  Regiment  of  Berchigny  being  lately  sent  from 
thence  to  the  frontiers  of  Champagne.  Alsace  and  the  three 
bishopricks  have  as  many  troops  as  in  time  of  war,  and  the 
frontier  of  the  Alps  was  never  better  guarded  and  will  be  still 
more  so  by  the  regiments  which  are  sent  to  Lyons,  for,  I  have 
to  inform  your  Grace  that,  in  consequence  of  the  late  dis- 
turbances and  the  impossibility  of  levying  the  taxes,  five  regi- 
ments have  been  sent  there. 

With  regard  to  the  political  state  of  foreign  Powers,  the 
commissioners  learnt  from  Mr  Montmorin  that  England  was 
arming  with  the  greatest  activity,  that  our  ships  were  too  large 
to  pass  the  Sound  and  that  it  appeared  improbable  that  so  large 
a  fleet  was  intended  against  Spain  alone.     In  the  Journal  des 

2—2 


20  JULY,  1790. 

debats  ct  des  decrets  it  is  thus  worded,  il  est  impossible  ai;ssi 
qui  ces  armemens  regardant  FEspagno  seule,  II  est  bien 
probable  qu-elles  menacent  egalement  les  possessions  Franc^oises. 
As  that  paper  carries  with  it  a  certain  degree  of  authenticity,  I 
thought  proper  to  write  to  Mr  Montmorin  to  know  if  he  had 
used  such  expressions,  I  have  received  an  answer,  copy  of  which 
I  enclose  to  your  Grace. 

They  learn  also  that  Spain  is  arming  with  great  activity,  but 
that  nothing  is  to  be  feared  from  that  quarter.  That  the 
minister  believes  the  King  of  Hungary  is  inclined  to  peace ; 
that  if  he  concludes  the  treaty  with  Prussia,^  &c.,  he  will  turn 
his  force  to  the  reduction  of  the  Belgic  provinces  and,  upon 
being  asked  whether  the  Cardinal  de  Rohan  was  intrigueing 
with  the  Princes  of  Germany  who  have  possessions  in  Alsace, 
he  said  that  he  had  received  information  from  Ratisbone  to 
that  purpose.  He  told  them  that  the  alliance  of  Prussia  with 
England  was  certain  and  that  its  influence  over  Holland  was 
very  great.  That,  with  regard  to  the  King  of  Sardinia's  do- 
minions, he  knew  but  of  two  battalions  at  Nice,  but,  that  it  was 
true  that  the  French  were  ordered  into  the  interior  parts  of  the 
kingdom ;  he  said  he  believed  there  were  not  above  two  thou- 
sand men  at  Chambdry.  This  report  produced  a  decree  to  the 
following  effect.  That  in  consequence  of  a  decree  of  the  28th  of 
February  last  the  orders  of  the  Secretary  of  the  War  Department 
to  the  commanders  in  the  frontier-towns  were  to  be  regarded 
comme  non  avenus,  the  National  Assembly  reserving  to  itself 
to  decree  with  regard  to  the  passing  of  the  Austrian  troops  when 
it  shall  know  the  number  of  men,  the  different  kinds  of  arms 
and  implements  of  war,  the  order  of  their  march  and  the  object 
of  their  destination.  Another  decree  has  passed  desiring  his 
Majesty  to  give  orders  that  the  most  strict  police  may  be 
observed  and  to  prevent  any  infringement  of  the  law  of  nations 
and  that  every  step  shall  be  taken  with  the  belligerent  powers 
to  maintain  freedom  of  commerce  and  particularly  on  the 
Meuse.  The  King  has  been  also  desired  to  issue  orders  for  the 
speedy  manufacture  of  all  sorts  of  instruments  of  war  and 
his  ministers  are  to  inform  the  Comit(^  Militaire  of  all  demands 
1  A  treaty  eventually  concluded  at  Eeichenbach. 


THE   PRINCE   DE   COND:^.  21 

of  arms  and  ammunition  that  shall  be  made  to  them  by  the 
municipalities  on  the  frontiers  and  to  give  in  an  account  of  the 
arms  distributed  by  them. 

In  the  course  of  the  debate  it  was  asserted,  by  one  of  the 
commissioners,  that  Mr  Montmorin  had  said  that  the  Prince  of 
Conde  was  the  most  dangerous  enemy  to  the  Revolution ;  that 
he  had  money  but  ho  knew  not  by  what  means,  and  as  a  farther 
corroboration  of  this  a  denonciation  against  him,  from  the  muni- 
cipality of  Cette  in  Languedoc,  for  having  published  a  manifesto 
was  offered  to  be  produced.  A  motion  was  moved  by  the  Due 
d'Aiguillon  to  censure  the  ministers  and  another  by  Mr 
Mirabeau  the  elder  to  declare  the  Prince  of  Conde  a  traitor  to 
his  country  and  to  confiscate  his  estate  in  case  he  did  not 
disavow  the  manifesto  in  the  space  of  three  weeks  ;  but  neither 
was  carried.  A  committee  has  been  appointed  to  examine  the 
treaties  between  France  and  other  countries  and  the  respective 
engagements  which  may  result  from  them. 

Accounts  are  arrived  that  Mr  de  Bonne-Savardin  has  been 
retaken  by  two  of  Mr  dc  la  Fayette's  aid  de  camj)s  at  Chalon 
sur  Marne,  in  company  with  the  Abbe  Barmont,  a  member  of 
the  National  Assembly,  passing  with  a  deputy  to  the  Confedera- 
tion from  Strasburgh  as  his  servants :  the  latter  had  a  large 
packet  of  letters  from  the  Cardinal  de  Rohan :  a  detachment 
from  hence  is  sent  for  them.  This  event  adds  to  the  fermenta- 
tion, which  I  fear  it  will  be  very  difficult  to  quell,  and  which 
renders  the  situation  of  affairs  in  many  respects  alarming. 

In  consequence  of  Mr  de  la  Luzerne's  application  the  As- 
sembly has  granted  but  one  million  for  the  navy. 

The  General  Assembly  of  St.  Domingo  has  declared  that 
they  will  acknowledge  no  other  authority  than  that  of  the  King. 
It  may  be  worth  while  to  observe  that  MM.  Curt  and  Guibert 
were  received  by  the  Assembly  as  representatives  of  the  Island 
of  Guadeloupe  in  September  last  upon  condition  that  they 
should  be  acknowledged  as  such  by  their  constituents;  they 
however  have  chosen  others  and  the  Assembly  has  agreed  to 
admit  them  all. 


22  AUGUST,  1790. 

Paris,   August  2,  1790. 

I  am  sorry  to  inform  your  Grace  that  his  Majesty  has 
been  confined,  for  some  days  past,  with  a  tooth-ache  and  swelled 
face  accompanied  with  a  slight  fever;  the  account  from  St. 
Cloud  yesterday  says  that  the  fever  is  rather  abated. 

I  enclose  an  extract  of  a  bulletin  officiel,  which  the  Swedish 
Ambassador  has  received  from  Stockholm,  giving  an  account  of 
a  victory  obtained  over  the  Kussians  on  the  ninth  of  last  month 
by  their  flotte-legere ;  some  compensation  for  the  defeat  of 
their  grand  fleet,  of  which  only  fourteen  sail  of  the  line  are 
returned  to  port. 

I  also  send  your  Grace  copies  of  a  second  letter  from  Mr  de 
Montmorin  and  of  a  letter  from  Mr  Friteau  to  the  former,  by 
which  it  appears  that  Mr  Friteau's  private  opinion  was  falsely 
attributed  to  Mr  Montmorin. 


Paris,  August  6,  1790. 

I  have  the  pleasure  of  informing  your  Grace  that  his 
most  Christian  Majesty  is  almost  entirely  recovered  from  his 
late  indisi3osition.  I  have  also  that  of  being  able  to  say  that, 
not  only  Paris,  but  all  parts  of  the  kingdom  are  at  present 
without  disturbance.  The  elections  for  this  municipality  pro- 
ceed with  a  tranquillity  that  was  not  expected.  Mr  Bailly 
is  re-elected  mayor  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  parties  and  there  is 
no  doubt  that  Mr  la  Fayette  will  be  continued  commandant 
general.  A  letter  was  read,  on  Monday  last,  to  the  National 
Assembly,  from  Mr  Montmorin,  containing  his  most  Christian 
Majesty's  orders  to  acquaint  them  that  England  was  encreasing 
her  armament ;  that  it  would  be  therefore  necessary  (although 
a  good  understanding  continued  to  exist  between  the  two 
nations)  that  France  should  also  encrease  hers  ;  and  inclosing  a 
letter  from  Mr  Fernan  Nunez  dated  the  16  of  June  last,  which 
Mr  Montmorin  observes,  contains  the  state  of  the  negotiations 
at  that  time  between  England  and  Spain.  He  says  that,  in 
hopes  of  their  coming  to  an  understanding  his  Majesty  had 


THE   FAJIILY   COMPACT.  23 

postponed  urging  the  Assembly  to  a  decision  but  that  he  could 
no  longer  delay  that  measure.  The  Spanish  Ambassador's 
letter  asserts  that  the  speedy  and  exact  performance  of  the 
Treaty  of  1761,  called  the  Family  Compact  is  become  an  indis- 
pensible  preliminary  to  treat  with  success ;  that,  under  that 
necessity,  Spain  is  obliged  to  have  recourse  to  the  aid  of  France 
and  that  the  King  his  master  has  ordered  him  to  ask  explicitly 
what  France  can  do,  in  the  present  conjuncture,  in  order  to 
assist  Spain.  An  immediate  determination  is  required  and  the 
measures  which  the  Court  of  France  shall  adopt  must  be  active 
open  and  positive  so  as  to  avoid  the  least  occasion  of  distrust. 
If  otherwise,  his  most  Christian  Majesty  must  not  bo  surprized 
if  Spain  should  look  for  other  friends  and  other  allies  among 
all  the  powers  of  Europe,  without  excepting  any,  upon  whose 
assistance  she  can  depend  in  case  of  necessity. 

Under  these  circumstances  it  being  the  general  opinion  that 
the  Assembly  would  decide  in  favor  of  the  family  compact,  I 
thought  it  was  my  duty  to  send  to  Mr  Montmorin  copies  of  the 
declaration  and  counter-declaration  which  I  had  just  received 
from  Mr  Fitz-Herbert\  They  have  been  communicated  to 
the  Assembly ;  in  consequence  of  which  a  further  delay  of  their 
decision  has  been  obtained. 

The  National  Assembly,  having  blended  the  plan  of  the 
committee  with  that  of  the  Minister  for  the  War  Department, 
have  at  length  decreed  that  the  standing  army  shall  consist  of 
from  150  to  154  thousand  men.  The  infantry  being  from  110 
to  112  thousand,  the  cavalry  from  30  to  31  thousand  500,  the 
artillery  and  fortification  from  10  thousand  to  10  thousand  500. 
The  Swiss  regiments  are  to  be  continued.  Your  Grace  will  ob- 
serve witli  what  reason  the  Ministers  of  the  War  Department 
and  of  the  ISIavy  complain  of  want  of  subordination,  (in  the  en- 
closed postilion  par  Calais)  both  in  the  army  and  navy. 

^  Mr  Fitz-Herbert  was  English   minister   in    Spain.     The  declaration  and 
counter-declaration  had  reference  to  the  dispute  of  Nootka  Sound. 


24  AUGUST,  1790. 


Pabis,  August  13,  1790. 


A  general  want  of  subordination,  proofs  of  which  occur 
every  day  forebodes  a  short  continuance  of  the  present  tran- 
quillity. In  the  navy,  it  has  forced  Messrs  Guy  and  Pondeves 
to  return  to  France  from  their  cruises  in  the  Mediterranean  and 
off  the  Leeward  Islands.  In  the  army,  it  bears  a  still  more  for- 
midable aspect,  seven  regiments  have  formed  a  military  congress 
and,  at  Metz,  the  soldiers  have  threatened  to  destroy  Mr  de 
Bouille  and  the  rest  of  the  officers  under  his  command.  In  the 
strong  language  of  Mr  de  la  Tour  du  Pin,  France,  which  cannot 
exist  without  soldiers,  may  soon  be  unable  to  exist  with  them. 
While  the  friends  to  the  present  constitution  are  daily  discover- 
ing fresh  causes  of  alarm  from  abroad,  an  universal  relaxation  of 
discipline  and  a  want  of  energy  in  the  executive  power  are 
forming  real  dangers  at  home. 

An  event  has  lately  happened  which  proves  the  fears  of 
plots  against  this  country  from  foreign  parts  that  possess  the 
minds  of  the  people  and  the  little  attention  that  is  shewn  by 
them  to  the  executive  part  of  government. 

A  courier  from  Vienna,  with  letters  directed  to  the  Post 

Master  General  at  Paris,  has  been  stopt  at  a  very  small  town, 

(but  a  municipality)  near  Bar  le  Due.    The  packet  was  opened  ; 

it  contained  a  letter  for  Mr  Montmorin  and  two  others,  one  for 

the  Spanish  Ambassador,  the  other  for  the  Comte  de  Florida 

Blanca  :  the  direction  of  the  two  last  being  written  in  Spanish 

to  men  dignified  with  the  title  of  Count  which  in  that  language 

happens  to  be  written  Conde,  the  letters  were  supposed  to  have 

been  sent  from  the  prince  of  that  name  and  accordingly  opened. 

The  only  satisfaction  the  Spanish  Ambassador  has  obtained  is  a 

decree  of  the  National  Assembly  disapproving  the  conduct  of 

the  municipality  and  expressing  their  regrets  on  the  occasion. 

The  judges  of  the  Chatelct  have  impeached  two  of  the  members 

of  the  National  Assembly  for  being  concerned  in  the  affair  of 

the  Gth  of  last  October.     They  had  the  delicacy  not  to  disclose 

their  names,  but  it  is  generally  known  that  the  Duke  of  Orleans 

and  the  elder  Mirabeau  are  the  persons  accused.     This  business 

is  before  the  Comitd  des  Rapports. 


DUEL  BETWEEN  BARNAVE  AND  CAZALi^S.         25 

In  consequence  of  harsh  expressions  which  had  been 
used  in  the  Assembly  on  the  preceding  evening  between  Mr 
Barnave  and  Mr  Cazales,  they  met  in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne 
on  Wednesday  morning.  The  latter  received  a  shot  in  the 
head^  but  the  wound  is  pronounced  to  be  not  dangerous.  If 
Mr  Barnavo  had  fallen  the  resentment  of  the  jjcople  might  have 
been  fatal  to  others  as  well  as  to  Mr  Cazales. 


Paeis,  August  20,   1790. 

The  executive  and  legislative  powers  have  at  length 
united  their  endeavours  to  restore  discij)line  and  subordination 
in  the  army  and  navy. 

A  most  alarming  insurrection  of  the  garrison  of  Nancy  has 
obliged  the  National  Assembly  to  give  to  the  King  the  full 
power  of  the  sword  in  case  persuasion  may  not  have  the  desired 
effect.  The  three  regiments,  Uu  Roy,  Mestre  de  Camp  cavalry 
and  de  Chateauvieux  a  Swiss  regiment,  in  short  the  whole 
garrison  of  Nancy,  have  risen  against  their  officers,  broke  open 
the  military  chest  and  divided  the  money  contained  in  it.  The 
Assembly  have  unanimously  decreed  that  the  instigators  of  this 
rebellion  as  well  as  the  soldiers  are  guilty  of  the  crime  of  lezc- 
nation :  that  those  Avho  have  taken  any  part  whatever  in  it  and 
who  shall  not  have  declared,  by  writing,  if  it  is  thought  neces- 
sary, within  the  space  of  twenty-four  hours  after  the  publication 
of  the  present  decree,  that  they  acknowledge  and  repent  of  their 
error,  shall  be  punished  accordingly  and,  in  order  to  enforce  it, 
they  have  requested  his  Majesty  to  appoint  some  general  officer 
with  power  to  collect  together  the  troops  and  national  guards  of 
the  Departement  de  la  Meurthe  and  all  the  neighbouring  depart- 
ments. The  King  has,  in  consequence,  named  Mr  Malseigne,  a 
Marechal  de  Camp  and  Brigadier  des  Carabiniers,  to  that  post. 

The  Regiment  du  Roy  is  remarkably  well  furnished  with 
cartridges  but  the  cannons  have  foi'tunatcly  no  carriages. 

'  Bertrand  de  MoUcvillo  says  that  he  was  protected  by  the  thickness  of  his 
hat.     Fashionable  society  crowded  to  pay  its  respects  to  M.  de  CazaWs. 


26  AUGUST,  1790. 

The  Assembly  has  made  great  progress  in  the  code  of  penal 
laws  for  the  navy,  in  which  they  have  instituted  a  military  jury. 

The  formation  of  the  army  proceeds  upon  the  bases  laid 
down  jointly  by  the  minister  and  Comit^  Militaire,  of  which  I 
gave  your  Grace  an  account  in  my  dispatch  No.  7. 

A  courier,  it  is  said,  arrived  on  Sunday  last  from  Bordeaux 
with  letters  to  the  ministry  complaining  of  want  of  specie ;  that 
without  it  it  was  impossible  to  provide  themselves  with  the 
necessaries  of  life  that  being  in  great  distress  for  want  of  corn, 
they  had  sent  to  the  Upper  Languedoc  to  purchase  it,  but  the 
people  of  the  country  would  not  accept  of  assignats,  in  conse- 
quence of  which  they  desire  leave  to  stop  and  apply  to  their 
own  use  the  supply  of  piastres  expected  from  Spain. 

There  is  another  report,  to  which  I  fear  there  is  too  much 
reason  to  give  credit,  that  the  Comite  Diplomatique  are  of 
opinion  in  favour  of  maintaining  the  family  compact. 

The  appanages  are  taken  from  the  Princes  of  the  Blood,  by  a 
decree  of  the  National  Assembly,  in  place  of  which  they  are  to 
be  allowed  a  million  of  livres  per  annum. 

The  accusation  against  Mr  de  Mirabeau  and  the  Duke  of 
Orleans,  who  is  fortunate  in  having  the  assistance  of  the  former's 
abilities,  it  is  supposed,  will  not  affect  in  any  considerable  man- 
ner either  of  the  accused  persons. 

The  only  agreeable  news  that  I  have  to  send  to  your  Grace 
from  this  country  is  that  the  harvest,  at  least  in  this  neighbour- 
hood had  been  got  in  extremely  well. 


Paris,  August  27,  1790. 

The  day  before  yesterday  Mr  Mirabeau  the  elder  reported 
to  the  National  Assembly  the  opinion  of  the  Comite  Diplomati- 
que with  regard  to  the  family  compact.  It  consisted  in  advising 
the  Assembly  to  empower  them  to  examine  that  treaty  in  order 
to  form  out  of  it  a  national  compact  by  leaving  out  all  the 
articles  offensive  and,  at  the  same  time  to  request  the  King 
to  order  his  minister  at  the  Court  of  Madrid  to  enter  into  a 


EEPORT   OF   MIRABEAU   ON   THE   FAMILY   COMPACT.  27 

negotiation  with  the  Spanish  ministry  upon  those  grounds. 
They  proposed  two  decrees. 

1st.  That  all  existing  treaties  shall  be  maintained  by  the 
French  nation  untill  it  shall  have  revised  and  modified  them. 
2nd.  That,  before  the  thorough  examination  of  treaties  which 
the  nation  may  think  proper  to  continue  or  alter,  the  King  shall 
be  requested  to  make  knov.ai  to  all  the  Powers  with  which 
France  is  connected  the  justice  and  love  of  peace  arc  the  bases 
of  the  French  constitution ;  that  the  nation  cannot  admit  in  her 
treaties  any  stipulations  wdiich  are  not  purely  defensive  and 
commercial.  That  accordingly  they  request  the  King  to  inform 
his  Catholic  Majesty  that  the  French  nation,  in  taking  all 
proper  measures  to  maintain  peace,  will  abide  by  the  engage- 
ments which  her  government  has  contracted  with  Spain.  That 
they  also  desire  the  King  to  order  his  ministers  to  negotiate 
accordingly  with  the  Court  of  Spain  and  to  commission  thirty 
ships  of  the  line,  eight  of  which  at  least  to  be  fitted  out  in  the 
ports  of  the  Mediterranean. 

This  report  was  taken  into  consideration  yesterday  morning 
and,  after  a  short  debate,  the  Assembly  decreed  that  they  would 
abide  by  the  defensive  and  commercial  engagements  which  the 
government  has  contracted  with  Spain  ;  that  the  King  should 
be  desired  to  order  his  Ambassador  to  negotiate  with  the 
ministers  of  the  Catholic  King  in  order  to  strengthen,  by  a 
national  treaty,  tyes  useful  to  both  people  and  to  fix  with  pre- 
cision and  clearness  all  stipulations  which  may  not  be  entirely 
conformable  to  the  views  of  general  peace  and  to  the  principles 
of  justice,  which  shall  always  be  the  politics  of  the  French  and 
also,  taking  into  consideration  the  armaments  of  the  different 
nations  of  Europe,  their  progressive  encrease,  the  security  of  the 
French  colonies  and  commerce,  they  decree  that  the  King  shall 
be  desired  to  order-  into  commission  forty-five  ships  of  the  line 
with  a  proportionable  number  of  frigates  and  small  vessels. 

Thus  your  Grace  perceives  that  my  notions  with  regard  to 
the  decision  of  this  question  have  proved  too  true.  How,  in  the 
present  state  of  their  finances,  they  can  think  it  possible  to 
equip  so  large  a  fleet  surpasses  my  conception.  They  must 
either  expect  money  from  abroad  or  by  voting  what  they  can 


28  AUGUST,  1790. 

never  execute  endeavour  to  compensate  with  a  useless  shew  of 
zeal  for  not  enth^ely  abiding  by  the  family  compact.  Certain  it 
is  that  at  this  time  when  both  parties  are  most  exasperated 
against  each  other,  upon  this  one  point  they  are  most  thoroughly 
agreed. 

Upon  my  expressing  my  surprize,  yesterday  evening  to 
Mr  Montmorin,  at  the  number  of  vessels  voted,  he  declared 
himself  as  much  so  as  I  could  be  ;  he  assured  me  that  the  King 
and  his  ministers  wished  most  ardently  for  peace,  that  in  conse- 
quence of  the  decree  of  the  National  Assembly  they  should 
send  orders  to  commission  more  ships  but  that  it  would  be  done 
(this  he  said  in  the  utmost  confidence)  avec  la  plus  grande 
lenteur. 

The  last  accounts  from  Metz  and  Nancy  are  favorable ;  at  the 
latter  the  soldiers,  by  the  intervention  of  the  National  Militia, 
have  declared  their  repentance. 

As  I  wish  your  Grace  to  receive  an  early  account  of  the 
decision  of  the  National  Assembly,  I  send  the  messenger  with 
this  dispatch  at  five  o'clock  A.M. 


Paris,  August  29,  1790. 

I  had  a  conference  this  afternoon  with  Mr  Necker,  at  his 
desire,  in  which  he  added  his  assurances,  to  those  I  had  received 
before  from  Mr  Montmorin,  of  the  sincere  wish  for  peace  enter- 
tained by  his  Majesty  and  his  ministers. 

If  the  decree  had  been  worded  according  to  their  intention, 
thirty  instead  of  forty-five  would  have  been  the  number  of  ships 
voted  :  he  desired  me  to  observe  that  it  authorized  them  to  put 
into  commission,  forty-five  ships  but  did  not  oblige  them  to  fit 
out  so  large  a  number. 

I  lead  him  to  confess  that  the  fear  of  disobliging  Spain  was 
the  real  cause  of  so  extravagant  a  decree  and,  having  hinted 
that  what  was  intended  to  sooth  Spain  might  irritate  England, 
he  acknowledged  his  fears  of  it  and  promised  to  endeavour, 
Avhen  it  is  ratified  by  his  Majesty,  to  have  some  expressions 
made  use  of,  which,  though  not  contrary  to  the  decree,  might 


PEACE  OR  WxVR.  29 

tend  to  weaken  the  unfavorable  impression  it  may  have  made  in 
England. 

Although  peace  may  be^  and  I  believe  it  is,  the  sincere  wish 
of  his  Majesty  and  the  ministry  there  is  certainly  a  very  large 
body  of  men,  in  this  country  inclined  to  war.  The  aristocratical 
party  has  little  to  hope  from  peace  and  shews  evident  signs 
of  wishing  to  profit  by  the  confusion  which  a  war  would  certainly 
occasion.  Some  look  for  an  opportunity  of  breaking  the  com- 
mercial treaty  "^ :  others,  and  that  not  a  small  number  from  mere 
jealousy.  I  w^ill  not  take  upon  me  to  say  that  Spanish  money 
has  had  influence  on  any  members  of  the  National  Assembly, 
although  there  are  appearances  w^hich  might  in  some  degree  give 
rise  to  such  an  opinion. 

Mr  Gouvion,  major  general  of  the  Garde  Nationale  and 
a  confidential  friend  of  Mr  la  Fayette  is  gone  to  Brussels,  it  is 
supposed,  to  negotiate  with  Mr  Van-der-Noot\ 

Mr  do  la  Tour-du-Pin  has  this  day  informed  the  Assembly 
that,  in  spite  of  the  efforts  of  Mr  Malseigne  and  of  the  munici- 
pality, the  insurrection  still  continues  at  Nancy.  On  the  24th 
the  Regiment  du  Roy  and  that  of  Mestre-de-camp  signed  their 
submission  to  the  decrees  of  the  National  Assembly,  but  on  the 
26th  they  became  again  refractory  and  the  Swiss  Regiment  of 
Chateauvieux  has  continued  throughout  to  be  disobedient.  Mr 
de  Bouilld  is  determined  to  compel  them  to  obedience  and  has 
accordingly  called  together  the  National  Guards  and  the  troops 
in  the  neighbourhood  in  order  to  fight  against  the  garrison  in 
ease  it  should  be  absolutely  necessary. 


Paris,  September  3,  1790. 

By  the  activity  and  good  conduct  of  Mr  de  Bouille  the 
insurrection  of  the  troops  in  garrison  at  Nancy  is  supprest,  but 
not  without  considerable  slaughter.  On  the  first  day  of  this 
month  he  appeared  before  the  town  wdth  all  the  troops  and 
Gardes  Nationales  he  could  collect  in  the  neighbourhood  :  the 
latter  requested   to  be  placed   in   the  first    ranks,  which    was 

1  The  Treaty  with  Enghiud  coududed  iu  178G. 

-  The  leader  of  the  revohitiouary  party  in  Cclgium. 


30  SEPTEMBER,    1790. 

granted,  in  hopes  that  their  appearance  might  prevent  the 
seditious  soldiers  from  firing;  but  unfortunately  this  had  not 
the  desired  effect :  some  of  the  regiment  having  fired  it  soon 
became  general.  The  Regiment  du  Roy,  the  first  which  capitu- 
lated, is  sent  to  Verdun,  of  the  Regiment  de  Chateauvieux  those 
who  are  not  killed  are  taken  prisoners  and  the  Regiment  de 
Mestre  de  Camp  is  ordered  to  Toul.  The  following  event  had 
obliged  Mr  de  Bouille  to  send  to  the  Assembly  requesting  them 
to  appoint  commissioners  to  assist  him  in  enforcing  their  decree. 

Mr  Denoue,  who  commands  the  Regiment  du  Roy  in  the 
absence  of  their  colonel  Mr  de  Chatelet,  was  forced  into  a 
dungeon  and  Mr  Malseigne,  to  avoid  the  same  fate,  had  escaped 
by  force  out  of  the  town  and  was  pursued  but  not  overtaken 
before  he  had  joined  the  Carabiniers  at  Luneville  who  after  a 
slight  engagement  were  obliged  to  bring  him  back ;  but  what 
principally  operated  with  Mr  de  Bouille  was  a  report  industri- 
ously spread  about,  not  only  at  Nancy  but  throughout  the 
country,  that  he  was  sent  by  the  ministry  and  the  aristocratical 
party  in  order  to  eifect  a  counter-revolution.  He  is  now  re- 
proached by  the  club  of  the  Jacobins  and  some  few  members  of 
the  Assembly  for  having  approached  the  town  before  the  arrival 
of  the  commissioners,  but  his  conduct  is  applauded  by  all  im- 
partial men. 

The  populace  collected  together  last  night  with  an  intention 
of  insulting  Mr  de  la  Tour  du  Pin,  whose  son,  Mr  de  Gouvernet 
has  been  active  at  Nancy  but,  by  the  vigilance  of  the  guards 
they  were  dispersed. 

The  National  Assembly  received  on  Wednesday  last  the 
notification  of  his  Majesty's  sanction  of  their  decree  of  the  26th 
in  which  they  were  informed  that,  in  order  to  fulfil  gradually 
their  intentions,  the  King  had  determined  to  begin  by  arming 
16  ships  of  the  line,  which  added  to  the  former  put  into  com- 
mission would  make  the  number  of  commissioned  ships  80 :  at 
the  same  time  he  would  take  proper  steps  to  have  the  whole 
number  45  completed  with  all  the  haste  that  the  turn  of  affairs 
might  require  and  that  this  arrangement  made  no  alteration 
with  regard  to  the  calculation  of  the  expence  laid  before  them 
by  Mr  de  la  Luzerne,  viz.  21  millions:  but  that  his  Majesty 


FRANCE,  SPAIN  AND  ENGLAND.  31 

would  take  cave  that  the  money  which  should  be  voted  by  the 
Assembly  should  be  called  for  in  proportion  to  the  armament. 
The  Assembly  has  postponed  their  decision  with  regard  to  the 
further  issuing  of  assignats  till  the  10th  of  this  month.  Mr  de 
Mirabeau's  plan  of  issuing  to  the  amoimt  of  two  thousand 
millions  seems  not  to  be  generally  approved  of  Three  frigates 
with  troops  on  board  have  lately  sailed  from  Rochefurt  to 
Tobago. 

1  am  this  iustant  informed  that  the  Assembly  has  decreed  a 
vote  of  thanks  to  the  National  Guard  of  Metz  to  the  troops  and 
to  Mr  de  Bouille. 


Paris,  September  10,  1790. 

I  received  your  Grace's  dispatch  No.  4  on  Saturday  last 
and  on  that  evening  I  delivered  a  memorial  to  Mr  de  Montmorin, 
copy  of  which  I  inclose ;  I  at  the  same  time  observed  to  him 
the  obvious  impossibility  of  harmony  remaining  uninterrupted 
between  the  two  countries  if  France  should  think  itself  bound 
to  take  part  in  support  of  any  claims,  however  unfounded,  which 
the  Court  of  Spain  may  chuse  to  advance. 

I  have  this  instant  received  a  letter  from  Mr  de  Montmorin 
with  a  copy  of  his  dispatch  to  Mr  de  la  Luzerne,  both  of  which 
I  inclose. 

Quiet  is  restored  at  Nancy,  but  the  means  taken  to  effect  it 
have  not  been  approved  of  so  generally  as  might  have  been 
supposed  considering  that  if  that  insurrection  had  not  been 
timely  suppressed  it  would  probably  have  been  the  beginning  of 
a  civil  war.  Mr  de  la  Fayette  having  signified  his  approbation 
of  it  his  enemies  les  enrages,  or  as  they  may  be  now  called  the 
Duke  of  Orleans's  friends  have  tried  to  hurt  him  by  rendering 
that  opinion  unpopular,  but  that  is  not  the  only  means  they 
have  taken,  money  in  no  small  quantity  has  lately  been  dis- 
tributed among  the  lower  class  of  people,  and  they  have  so  far 
succeeded  that  it  was  believed  yesterday  that  he  meant  to 
follow  the  example  of  Mr  Necker,  whose  resignation  has  pleased 
all  parties. 


82  SEPTEMBER,    1790. 

Fanaticism  and  insubordination  have  united  in  the  Vivarois 
at  the  Chateau  de  Jales^  and  have  formed  a  confederation  which 
calls  for  all  the  energy  of  government  to  suppress  it.  Tormented 
with  internal  foes  and  constantly  alarmed  at  dangers  abroad, 
particularly  from  the  eastern  frontiers  I  believe  the  ministry 
wish  sincerely  to  see  23eace  established  between  England  and 
Spain  ;  I  also  believe  that  the  moderate  people  and  the  Club  of 
1789  have  the  same  wish ;  the  aristocrates  and  enrages  look 
for  confusion  let  it  arise  from  what  quarter  it  may  and  in  the 
present  state  of  the  finance  of  this  country  a  foreign  war  is 
almost  a  sure  way  of  effecting  it.  Among  other  causes  however 
of  the  vote  which  passed  on  the  debate  upon  the  family  compact, 
I  should  have  added  the  fear  of  losing  the  West  India  Islands, 
all  of  which  have  shewn  great  disaffection  to  the  present  govern- 
ment ;  the  same  fear  and  a  desire  of  profiting  by  a  neutrality 
may  operate,  in  case  a  war  between  England  and  Spain  should 
be  unavoidable  in  making  them  discover  that  Spain  has  been 
the  aggressor. 

It  is  generally  supposed  that  fourteen  ships  of  the  line  are  in 
tolerable  readiness  at  Brest ;  the  want  of  men  is  what  distresses 
them  most.  The  arsenal  is  furnished  with  stores  sufficient  to  fit 
out  sixteen  more  in  every  article  excejDt  hemp. 

The  Assembly  has  postponed  the  decision  upon  the  subject 
of  the  assimats  to  the  17th  of  this  month. 


Paris,  September  17,  1790. 

I  have  reason  to  believe  that  the  utmost  exertions  are 
making  at  Brest  and  that  twenty-one  ships  of  the  line  are  now 
almost  ready  for  sailing,  the  original  fourteen  and  seven  ad- 
ditional since  the  decree  of  the  Assembly :  for  of  the  sixteen 
lately  put  into  commission  there  are  seven  at  Brest  and  nine  at 
Toulon,  so  I  am  informed  by  Mr  de  Montmorin. 

The  spirit  of  sedition,  which  clogs  the  wheels  of  government 
in  every  part  of  the  French  dominions,  has  shewn  itself  very 

1  At  this  place  the  national  guard  of  the  department  of  Ardeche,  H^rault 
and  Lozere  had  encamped  and  renewed  as  an  embodied  army  the  oath  taken  at 
the  Federation. 


FRANCE   AND   SPAIN.  33 

strongly  at  Brest :  the  National  Assembly  has  not  listened  to 
the  wishes  of  the  mutineers  and  it  remains  to  be  seen  whether 
prompt  payment  and  soft  words  will  satisfy  them. 

The  money  in  specie  which  Government  is  obliged  to  procure 
to  pay  both  sailors  and  workmen  costs  at  least  12  per  cent. 

The  last  accounts  from  Saint  Domingo  are  very  alarming. 
The  French  part  of  that  island  is  in  a  state  of  actual  rebellion. 

At  Angers  there  has  been  a  riot  upon  the  old  pretence  of  the 
dearness  of  corn  :  it  is  certain  that  there  are  people  who  are 
using  their  utmost  endeavours  to  make  an  artificial  scarcity  of 
it ;  men  go  about  the  country  and  buy  large  quantities  from  the 
farmers  at  a  considerable  price  a  quarter  of  which  they  pay  and 
oblige  them  to  lay  up  the  corn  in  magazines  till  a  fixed  time 
when  they  are  to  receive  payment  for  the  other  three  quarters. 

Mr  de  la  Fayette's  popularity,  which  was  considerably  sunk 
by  the  money  and  calumny  of  his  enemies,  is  again  rising  and 
he  is  daily  visited  by  large  bodies  of  National  Militia  from 
the  different  Sections  of  Paris  and  from  the  neighbouring  muni- 
cipalities who  come  to  assure  him  of  their  attachment. 

In  consequence  of  your  Grace's  instructions  I  omit  no  oppor- 
tunity of  letting  it  be  understood  that  nothing  but  necessity  can 
occasion  any  views  to  be  entertained  in  England  hostile  to 
France  or  to  the  settlement  of  their  present  constitution.  I  at 
the  same  time  signify  that  any  assistance  afforded  to  Spain  will 
oblige  the  British  Cabinet  to  adopt  such  measures  as  may  be 
most  likely  to  render  that  assistance  ineffectual  and  I  flatter 
myself  this  language  has  made  some  impression  on  the  popular 
party. 

I  send  your  Grace  Mr  Necker's^  last  report  to  the  National 
Assembly  Avhich  has  been  presented  this  morning. 

1  Mr  Nccker  had  left  Paris  on  Sept.  3  and  presented  a  letter  to  the  National 
Assembly  on  the  condition  of  the  finances  before  his  departure. 


G.C. 


34  SEPTEMBER,    1790. 

Paris,  September  24,  1790. 

The  arrival  of  le  Leopard  at  Brest  from  Saint  Domingo, 
with  above  eighty  members  of  the  Colonial  Assembly  on  board, 
has  increased  the  disturbances  in  that  port :  the  crew  of  the 
Patriote  have  risen  against  their  captain  and  it  is  feared  the 
rest  of  the  fleet  will  follow  their  example.  The  King,  at  the 
desire  of  the  National  Assembly,  has  sent  commissioners,  who 
are  to  use  every  possible  means  in  order  to  restore  discipline 
in  the  fleet  and  order  in  the  town  of  Brest.  An  arduous  under- 
taking if  one  may  judge  from  Mr  Albert's  letter  to  Mr  la 
Luzerne. 

Government  has  been  trying  to  get  money  at  Lyons  for  the 
arsenal  at  Toulon  but  without  success. 

The  subject  of  the  Assignats  occupies  the  attention  of  every 
body ;  the  wellwishers  to  Mr  Mirabeau's  original  plan  for  the 
emission  of  twenty  hundred  millions,  by  which  they  would 
probably  have  made  large  fortunes  at  the  expense  of  the  nation, 
have  been  making  exertions  in  every  part  of  the  kingdom  to 
obtain  addresses  in  favor  of  it,  at  Paris  they  have  so  far  suc- 
ceeded that  all  the  Sections  have  declared  in  favor  of  it,  but, 
as  there  is  no  chance  of  its  being  carried  in  the  Assemby 
Mr  Mirabeau  has  given  up  the  attempt  of  issuing  at  once  so 
great  a  quantity,  eight  hundred  millions  it  is  supposed  will  be 
the  largest  amount. 

The  affair  of  the  6th  of  October^  last  is  to  be  debated  in 
the  Assembly  on  Monday  next,  in  case  the  business  of  the 
Assignats  is  finished  by  that  time :  the  Judges  of  the  Chatelet 
have  published,  by  order  of  the  Assembly,  their  Procedure 
Criminelle  upon  the  subject,  which  I  send  to  your  Grace  as  it 
is  a  matter  of  no  small  curiosity. 

There  are  accounts  received  from  different  ports  in  the 
Mediterranean  that  the  Spaniards  are  bombarding  Tangiers. 

The  Spanish  Ambassador  is  in  hourly  expectation  of  a 
courier  from  his  Court ;  he  supposes  their  fleet  is  returned 
to  port. 

1  This  was  the  official  enquiry  which  had  been  held  at  the  Chatelet  into  the 
circumstances  of  the  attack  on  Versailles  and  the  removal  of  the  King  to  Paris. 


CAPITATION    TAX.  35 


Paeis,  October  1st,  1790. 


Yesterday  I  communicated  your  Grace's  dispatch,  No.  7, 
to  Mr  de  Montmorin,  in  consequence  of  your  instructions  to 
that  effect ;  I  had  not  an  earlier  opportunity,  as  that  minister 
has  been  in  the  country,  from  whence  he  returned  on  Wednes- 
day night,  when  he  informed  me  that  he  could  not  see  me  till 
after  the  Council  on  Thursday.  I  must  therefore  wait  some 
days  for  the  result  of  that  communication. 

Many  English  residing  at  Paris  having  applied  to  me  for 
an  exemption  from  the  Capitation  Tax  which  they  are  now 
levying  in  this  town,  I  wrote  to  Mr  de  Montmorin  a  letter,  copy 
of  which  I  inclose  together  with  copies  of  his  answer  and  of 
a  letter  to  him  upon  the  subject  from  Mr  Lambert ;  I  have, 
since  the  receipt  of  these  letters,  represented  to  him,  in  con- 
versation, that,  as  long  as  the  Treaty  of  Commerce  of  1786 
subsists,  the  Arret  du  Conseil  can  in  no  ways  affect  the  subjects 
of  His  Britannick  Majesty  and  consequently  their  exemption 
from  the  Tax  cannot  be  considered  in  the  light  in  which 
Mr  Lambert  sees  it,  but  proceeds  expressly  from  the  12th  Article 
of  the  above-mentioned  Treaty  of  Commerce.  The  Minister 
has,  in  consequence  of  my  representation,  promised  to  re- 
consider the  subject.  I  wish  in  the  mean  time  to  be  informed 
whether  my  conduct  on  this  occasion  meets  with  the  approbation 
of  His  Majesty  and  his  confidential  ministers. 

The  important  business  of  the  Assignats  is  at  last  decided : 
eight  hundred  millions  of  livres  in  Assignats  without  interest 
have  been  decreed  in  addition  to  the  former  four  hundred 
millions.     They  have  not  yet  however  determined  their  quotas. 

The  affair  of  the  5th  and  6th  of  October  last  is  now  before 
the  Assembly;  if  one  may  judge  from  the  present  complexion 
of  things  the  Duke  of  Orleans  and  Mr  de  Mirabeau  will  not 
be  found  guilty. 

The  last  accounts  from  Brest  state  that  order  is  re-established 
there,  the  most  seditious  being  sent  away ;  but  I  believe  the 
officers  have  little  reason  to  trust  to  the  present  disposition  of 
the  crews. 

I  should  not  omit  to  mention  to  your  Grace  that  Mr  de 

3—2 


36  OCTOBER,  1790. 

Montmorin  seemed  eager  to  inform  me  yesterday  that  the 
Spanish  Ambassador's  dispatches,  lately  arrived,  gave  him  great 
hopes  that  our  negotiations  with  the  Court  of  Spain  would  be 
soon  terminated  to  the  satisfaction  of  both  parties. 


Paris,  October  5th,  1790. 

I  send  inclosed  an  official  letter  which  I  received 
yesterday  evening  from  Mr  Montmorin,  in  consequence  of  the 
communication  I  made  to  him  according  to  your  Grace's 
instructions. 

The  spirit  of  disobedience  continues  at  Brest :  La  Forme 
however,  a  vessel  of  74  guns  has  at  last  quitted  that  port,  in 
order  to  replace  the  Le'opard  on  the  West  India  Station. 
It  was  with  the  greatest  difficulty  that  the  captain  Mr  de 
Eiviere  could  prevail  upon  the  crew  to  sail :  in  a  letter  to 
Mr  Hector,  Commandant  la  Marine  in  that  port,  he  says  that 
he  has  seized  the  first  moment  to  put  to  sea  when  he  found 
the  crew  at  all  disposed  to  obey  his  orders. 

I  must  repeat  to  your  Grace  that  I  firmly  believe  that 
nothing  but  want  of  discipline  could  prevent  this  country  from 
sending  to  sea  a  fleet  of  twenty  or  one  and  twenty  sail  of  the 
line  immediately  if  it  were  thought  necessary,  not  to  mention 
the  ships  fitting  out  at  Toulon. 

Mr  de  Moustier,  minister  plenipotentiary  from  this  Court 
to  the  United  States,  is  appointed  to  succeed  Mr  d'Esterno  in 
that  capacity  at  the  Court  of  Berlin. 


Paris,  October  8th,  1790. 

The  National  Assembly  begins  to  feel  the  bad  con- 
sequences of  having  abolished  the  late  Courts  of  Justice  before 
tljey  had  established  new  ones  in  their  place. 

The  rioters  in  Languedoc  having  done  much  damage  to  the 
canal  and  interrupted  the  free  circulation  of  grain  they-  have 
been  obliged  to  empower  provisionally  the  former  Judges  to 
try  them  and  all  other  disturbers  of  the  public  peace. 


DISORDER    IN    THE    FLEET.  37 

Most  of  the  Chambers  of  Vacation  of  the  Parliaments  have 
protested  against  the  decree  which  suppresses  the  former 
Judicature :  that  of  Toulouse,  having  in  an  Arrete  censured 
in  the  strongest  terms  the  proceedings  of  the  Assembly,  has 
refused  to  register  the  Letters-Patent  of  its  suppression. 

The  party  of  the  Jacobins  and  the  friends  of  the  Duke  of 
Orleans  prevail  so  much  in  this  place  at  present  that  the  new 
municipality  have  required  Mr  la  Fayette  and  Mr  Bailly  to 
take  an  oath  that  they  have  not  received  money  from  the 
Government  or  any  person  whatsoever :  the  former  has  taken 
it  but  the  latter  spurns  at  the  idea. 

Mr  Albert  do  Rioms  has  sent  his  resignation,  finding  it 
impossible  to  preserve  order  in  the  fleet.  It  is  supposed  he 
will  be  succeeded  by  Mr  d'Estaing. 

The  highest  of  the  new  Assignats  is  to  be  of  2000  livres, 
the  lowest  of  50  livres. 


Paeis,  October  15th,  1790. 

By  the  last  accounts  from  Brest  it  appears  that  the 
officers  have  lost  all  hopes,  in  the  present  circumstances,  of 
restoring  discipline  in  the  navy.  At  Toulon,  though  in  a  less 
degree,  the  same  spirit  prevails.  The  Assembly  will  very  soon 
take  some  decisive  measure  upon  that  subject. 

The  deranged  state  of  the  finances  has  obliged  them  to 
make  a  present  use  of  part  of  the  800  millions,  which  were 
intended  to  pay  off  so  much  of  the  Dette  constituee.  It  having 
been  proved  to  them  that  the  probable  expense  for  the  three 
last  months  of  this  year  will  amount  to  above  two  hundred  and 
thirty  millions,  and  that  the  receipt  will  be  less  than  ninety- 
four  millions,  they  have  decreed  that  of  the  800  millions  in 
Assignats,  thirty-one  millions  odd  hundred  thousands  should 
be  employed  for  the  use  of  the  Public  Treasury  for  the  month 
of  October,  with  an  intention  of  voting  above  fifty-two  millions 
for  November  and  above  forty-eight  for  December. 

There  is  every  reason  to  suppose  that  the  Administration 
in  this  counti-y  will  soon  be   changed  ;    but   whether   the  new 


38  OCTOBER,   1790. 

Ministry  will  consist  of  the  friends  of  Mr  la  Fayette  or  of  Mr 
Mirabeau  remains  to  be  known ;  if  of  the  latter,  the  decree  of 
the  Assembly  which  prevents  its  members  from  holding  offices 
under  Government  will  be  rej)ealed. 


Paeis,  October  22nd,  1790. 
Although  the  popular  party  has  been  unsuccessful  in 
an  attempt  to  obtain  an  address  to  the  King,  from  the  National 
Assembly,  requesting  him  to  remove  his  Ministers,  their 
popularity  and  influence  are  by  no  means  diminished :  the 
majority  of  the  Assembly  were  undoubtedly  for  the  dismission 
of  the  present  ministry,  but  objected  to  the  mode  proposed  to 
effect  it.  The  two  clubs,  the  Jacobins  and  the  Club  of  1789, 
and  the  different  Sections  of  Paris  have  declared  themselves 
highly  dissatisfied  at  the  continuance  of  the  ministers,  and 
I  understand,  that  in  consequence  of  this  very  marked  un- 
popularity, they  have  all  signified  their  intention  of  resigning, 
except  Mr  Montmorin,  whose  conduct  in  office  has  met  with 
the  approbation  of  the  popular  party.  I  think  it  my  duty 
to  inform  your  Grace  that  that  party  has  signified  to  me, 
through  Mr  Elliot  \  their  earnest  desire  to  use  their  influence 

1  The  mention  of  this  name  throws  light  on  a  very  obscure  passage  of 
diplomatic  history.  In  the  Life  of  Hugh  Elliott  by  Lady  Minto,  p.  335,  this 
passage  occurs.  "  In  1790  Mr  Elliott  came  home  on  leave  and  was  sent  by 
Mr  Pitt  on  a  secret  mission  to  Paris  in  1790  and  1791.  Beyond  the  bare  fact 
that  he  was  so  sent  the  correspondence  tells  nothing  of  this  mission.  In  one 
letter  only  there  is  an  allusion  which  throws  a  light  upon  its  nature  and  success. 
A  brother  diplomatist  writing  to  him  some  years  afterwards  concerning  a 
delicate  negotiation  then  pending  says,  "If  you  could  have  been  sent  to  conduct 
it  as  successfully  as  you  did  your  mission  to  Mirabeau,""  &c.  Also  in  the 
Preface,  p.  ix,  Lady  Minto  says  "the  only  paper  which  my  grandfather  had  been 
anxious  to  recover  was  a  private  memorandum  in  Mr  Pitt's  handwriting 
containing  instructions  for  his  guidance,  and  this,  on  regaining  it,  he  sent  to  the 
Foreign  Oilice."  It  is  probable  that  these  instructions  of  Pitt's  referred  to  the 
same  mission.  I  have  inquired  of  Sir  Edward  Hertslet  and  am  told  that  no 
paper  of  this  kind  exists  in  the  Foreign  Oftice.  I  am  also  informed  by  Mr  Kingston 
that  no  direct  trace  of  Mr  EUiott's  mission  exists  in  the  Public  Eecord  Office 
although  search  has  often  been  made  for  it.  We  can  easily  infer  from  the  mention 
of  Mr  Elliott's  name  in  connection  with  the  foregoing  and  following  dispatches 
what  the  object  of  his  mission  was.  A  serious  dispute  which  might  at  any 
time  lead  to  war  was  raging  between  bpain  and  England  on  the  question  of 


MISSION    OF    HUGH    ELLIOTT.  39 

with  the  Court  of  Madrid  in  order  to  bring  it  to  accede  to  the 
just  demands  of  His  Majesty  and,  if  supported  by  us,  I  am 
induced  to  believe,  they  will  readily  prefer  an  English  Alliance 
to  a  Spanish  Compact. 

The  debate  and  decree  of  yesterday  will  probably  tend  to 
incline  the  minds  of  the  sailors  at  Brest  towards  those  who  will 
soon  hold  the  reins  of  government,  and  will  consequently  pro- 
mote some  degree  of  subordination  in  the  navy. 

It  is  reported  here  that  the  Ministry  at  Madrid  is  changed, 
and  that  the  Spanish  Ambassador  here,  who  has  been  passing 
some  days  at  Fontainebleau,  will  have  some  considerable  office 
in  the  new  administration. 

Nootka  Sound.  By  the  pacte  de  famille  France  was  bound  to  give  Spain 
assistance  in  an  offensive  or  defensive  war.  Pitt  was  using  the  strongest  and 
most  haughty  language  to  compel  Spain  to  submit  to  us,  but  if  France  joined 
her  these  remonstrances  would  be  ineffectual  and  a  European  war  would  break 
out.  Mirabeau  was  not  a  minister  and  therefore  Lord  Gower  could  have  no 
communication  with  him,  but  he  was  chairman  of  the  comite  diplomatique  of 
the  National  Assembly  in  whose  hands,  rather  than  in  those  of  the  minister,  lay 
the  issues  of  peace  or  war.  It  was  important  to  secure  that  Mirabeau  should 
not  only  maintain  the  principle  that  France  was  not  bound  to  assist  Spain  under 
the  present  circumstances,  but  should  do  all  he  could  to  urge  Spain  to  submit 
to  the  demands  of  England.  If  Elliott  was  authorized  to  use  any  other 
arguments  to  Mhabeau  of  a  more  delicate  or  secret  nature  it  would  be  a  reason 
for  the  correspondence  having  completely  disappeared.  Elliott  had  been  an 
intimate  friend  of  Mirabeau  from  boyhood.  Baron  de  Stael  says  under  date  of 
October  10,  "Si  la  guerre  est  declaree  entre  I'Angleterre  et  I'Espagne  reste  a 
savoir  si  la  France  s'en  melera  ou  non.  Le  parti  populaire  voudrait  conserver  la 
paix,  mais  les  sentiments  de  la  cour  sont  trus  differents,  a  ce  que  je  crois." 
Some  additional  light  is  thrown  on  their  negotiations  by  the  correspondence  of 
Mirabeau  and  La  Marck  on  Oct.  24,  1790,  LaMarck  wrote  to  Mirabeau  "Pourquoi 

done  n'etes-vous  pas  venu  hier  ? La  marquise  de  Vauban  Elliott,  Louis  de 

Seques  Biron  et  moi  nous  vous  avons  esper6  et  attendu  fort  lougtemps."  In  his 
"Note  pour  la  cour"  of  October  28  Mirabeau  advises  peace  and  says  with  regard 
to  England,  "La  paix  n'est  point,  quoi  qu'on  en  dise,  difficile  a  maintenii*. 
L'Angleterre  et  surtout  le  cabinet  de  saint- James  ne  veulent  pas  la  guerre :  ils 
out  voulu  se  preparer  a  tout  6v^nement  dans  le  cas  o^  la  loterie  qui  se  tire  dans 
le  Nord  [the  war  between  Sweden  and  Bussia]  amenerait  un  quine  a  I'entre- 
prenante  Russic  et  se  mettre  en  mesure,  si  centre  Icur  vceu,  la  guerre  arrivait,  d'en 
tirer  partout  et  envers  tons  le  plus  grand  parti  possible.  Cette  pensee  vague  a 
6te  r^cbauff^e  par  quelques  circoustances  particulieres  qu'il  serait  long  de 
dcduire  ici :  mais,  au  fond,  ils  ne  sont  point  dt<cid6s  a  la  guerre,  et  meme  ils 
penchent  fortement  a  la  paix."  He  goes  on  to  say  that  Spain  cannot  fight 
without  France. 


40  OCTOBER,    1790. 

Paris,  October  26th,  1790. 

Mr  Elliot  being  very  anxious  that  your  Grace  should  be 
informed,  without  loss  of  time,  of  the  disposition  of  the  leading 
men  of  the  prevailing  party  with  whom  he  has  had  communi- 
cation I  shall  send  Morley  to  London  to-night  who  will  be  the 
bearer  of  this  dispatch. 

I  must  observe  to  your  Grace  that  the  opportunities  which 
Mr  Elliot  has  had  of  conversing  with  the  members  of  the 
Comite  Diplomatique,  and  which  from  my  situation  it  was 
not  in  my  power  to  have,  have  enabled  him  to  convince  them 
of  the  pacific  intentions^  of  His  Majesty;  and,  I  can  add  with 
pleasure,  that  they  seem  anxiously  inclined  to  co-operate  with 
His  Majesty's  Ministers  in  order  to  induce  Spain  to  comply 
with  his  just  demands. 

I  shall  tomorrow  communicate  to  Mr  Montmorin  your  Grace's 
dispatch,  No.  10. 

A  letter  was  this  day  read  to  the  Assembly  from  the  King's 
Commissioners  at  Brest ;  by  which  it  appears  that  there  are 
great  hopes  of  restoring  quiet  and  discipline  in  the  navy,  the 
alteration  of  some  articles  in  the  Code  Penal  being  the  only 
thing  now  required  by  the  sailors. 

The  consideration  of  those  articles  will  come  before  the 
Assembly  tomorrow. 


Paris,  October  29th,  1790. 

Mr  Fleurien,  a  Capitaine  de  Vaisseau  and  esteemed  as 
an  active  and  intelligent  man,  is  appointed  Minister  of  the 
Marine :  the  Colonies  are  to  be  in  a  separate  department. 

The  command  of  the  fleet  at  Brest  is  given  to  Mr 
Bougainville ;  this  appointment,  it  is  supposed,  will  be  popular 
with  the  sailors,  but  may  excite  the  jealousy  of  the  officers, 
as  he  has  not  passed  through  the  regular  Grades. 

1  The  susceptibilities  of  the  French  had  been  excited  by  the  preparation  of 
the  Enghsh  Fleet  to  act  against  Spain,  fearing  it  might  be  directed  against 
France. 


DISTUEBANCES    AT    BEFORT.  4l 

In  the  last  conference  I  had  with  Mr  Montmorin  that 
Minister  informed  me  that,  owing  to  the  present  unquiet  state 
of  the  Colonies,  it  was  found  necessary  to  send  immediately 
two  ships  of  the  line  and  two  frigates  to  the  West  Indies  and 
that  he  would  write  to  Mr  La  Luzerne  to  notify  this  to  your 
Grace. 

At  a  time  when  there  is  great  reason  to  hope  that  discijiline 
will  be  restored  in  the  navy,  there  are  fresh  appearances  of 
the  want  of  it  in  the  army :  the  scene  which  passed  last  year 
at  Versailles^  upon  the  treat  given  to  the  Regiment  de  Flandres 
has  been  renewed  at  Effort  in  Alsace  upon  a  similar  occasion : 
the  Regiment  of  Royal  Liegeois  gave  a  repas  de  corps  to  two 
hundred  soldiers  of  the  Regiment  de  Lauzun  Hussars  lately 
arrived  in  that  garrison  :  at  the  conclusion  of  which,  having 
trampled  upon  the  National  and  reassumed  the  white  Cockade, 
they  were  proceeding  to  acts  of  violence,  but  were  prevented 
by  the  timely  interference  of  the  Civil  Magistrates  and  the 
National  Guard. 

Mr  Bouilld,  who  arrived  there  the  next  morning  has  ordered 
the  regiments  to  quit  the  town.  They  are  both  foreign  regi- 
ments. 

The  Spanish  Ambassador  informs  me  that  three  hundred 
soldiers  have  been  destroyed  by  an  earthquake  at  Oran,  but 
that  the  fortifications  have  not  suffered  very  considerably.  A 
seventy-four  gun  ship  has  been  burnt  at  Carthagena  by  the 
overturning  of  a  cauldron  of  boiling  tar,  which  he  attributes 
to  the  same  cause. 

The  National  Assembly  has  resolved  that  the  English, 
Scotch  and  Irish  religious  houses  established  in  France  shall 
not  be  considered  as  national  property. 

1  This  was  the  famous  diuuer  in  the  Salle  d'Op(^ra  when  the  Eoj'al  family 
entered  and  the  band  played  0  Eichard  o  mon  roi,  I'univcrs  t'abandonne.  It  is 
described  in  all  histories  of  the  revolution. 


42  NOVEMBER,    1790. 

Paris,  November  5th,  1790. 

I  received  last  night  a  letter  from  Sir  Eobert  Ainslie\ 
an  extract  of  which  together  with  a  copy  of  an  article  of 
intelligence  from  the  Black  Sea  I  send  inclosed  to  your  Grace. 

The  prospect  of  a  continuation  of  good  harmony  between 
Great  Britain  and  Spain,  upon  which  I  most  sincerely  con- 
gratulate your  Grace,  has  thrown  a  visible  damp  upon  the 
hopes  of  the  aristocratical  party,  but  is  very  pleasing  to  the 
rest  of  the  nation. 

In  consequence  of  the  King's  not  having  as  yet  accepted 
the  resignation  of  any  of  his  Ministers,  except  Mr  La  Luzerne, 
a  convocation  of  the  forty-eight  Sections  of  Paris  is  advertised 
by  the  Mayor  to  be  held  this  afternoon. 

The  Queen  has  been  indisposed  for  some  days  past  with 
a  sore  throat,  but  Her  Majesty  was  sufficiently  recovered  to 
have  a  Drawing  Room  yesterday  evening. 


Paeis,  November  12th,  1790. 

L'lllustre,  a  ship  of  the  line,  is  arrived  at  Brest  from 
Martinico  and  brings  an  account  that  the  island  is  entirely  in 
the  hands  of  the  soldiers,  seven  hundred  of  which  have  possessed 
themselves  of  Fort  Bourbon  which  commands  Fort  Royal ;  Mr 
de  Damas,  the  governor,  has  escaped,  but  is  said  to  be  danger- 
ously wounded. 

As  the  pay  of  the  Guards,  at  present  about  his  Majesty's 
person,  and  which  is  at  the  expense  of  the  municipality  of 
Paris,  will  cease  at  the  end  of  the  year ;  the  King  has  consulted 
Mr  la  Fayette  upon  the  subject ;  and  it  is  understood  that  it 
is  intended  His  Majesty  should  receive  into  pay  the  Gardes 
solddes  of  the  Paris  Militia,  chiefly  composed  of  the  late  Gardes- 
Fran9ais  as  his  body-guards.  This  has  excited  the  jealousy 
of  the  democratic  party,  and,  in  consequence  of  it,  a  very 
warm  debate  took  place  yesterday  in  the  National  Assembly, 
and  a  motion  was  carried  that,  the  Military  and  Constitutional 

1  British  Minister  of  Constautinople. 


CHANGE    OF    MINISTRY.  43 

Committee  should  make  a  report  on  the  subject.  This  arrange- 
ment of  a  maison  militaire  for  the  King  and  the  late  publication 
of  Mr  Calonne,  which  is  regarded  as  a  manifesto  of  the  Comte 
d'Artois  and  the  Prince  of  Conde,  have  given  the  greatest 
alarms  to  the  democratic  party,  and,  as  they  perceive  their 
popularity  on  the  decline  they  seem  determined  to  take  some 
strong  measures  in  order  to  bring  the  unsettled  state  of  affairs 
to  a  speedy  crisis,  a  crisis  perhaps  of  the  greatest  misery  to 
this  unfortunate  country,  occasioned  by  the  alliance  of  meta- 
physics with  politics,  the  fanaticism  of  liberty  and  democratic 
rage. 

The  resignations  of  the  ministers  for  the  Home  and  War 
Department  and  of  the  Keeper  of  the  Seals  ^  have  been  ac- 
cepted, but  I  cannot  with  certainty  inform  your  Grace  who  are 
to  succeed  them. 


Paris,  November  Idth,  1790. 

Mr  Duportail,  an  officer  who  served  during  the  last  war 
in  America,  is  appointed  Minister  for  the  War  Department. 
His  political  opinions  are  supposed  to  be  entirely,  what  is  here 
called,  au  sens  de  la  Revolution ;  and  his  letter  to  the  National 
Assembly  to  notify  his  appointment  is  a  strong  proof  of  it; 
for,  in  it,  after  some  compliments  to,  what  he  calls,  that  august 
Assembly  he  expresses  his  desii'e  to  take  an  active  part  in  a  re- 
volution which  will  be  the  most  memorable  epoch  in  the  history, 
not  only  of  France  but,  of  the  whole  world.  The  Keeper  of 
the  Seals  has  not  yet  resigned. 

Two  hundred  families  have  applied  for  passports  to  the 
Mayor  since  the  pillage^  of  Mr  de  Castries's  house ;  he  obtained 
one  under  a  feigned  name  and  is  now  out  of  the  French 
dominions. 

1  St  Priest  was  Minister  of  the  Interior,  Latour  du  Pin  Minister  of  War,  and 
the  Archbishop  of  Bordeaux  Keeper  of  the  Seals.  Latour  du  Pin  was  succeeded 
by  Duportail,  the  Ai-chbishop  by  Dupont  du  Tertre,  a  bourgeois,  and  St  Priest's 
office  was  taken  by  the  Foreign  Secretary  Moutmorin,  who  was  the  only  one  of  the 
old  ministers  left. 

-  The  Due  de  Castries'  house  was  pillaged  in  consequence  of  his  having 
wounded  Charles  de  Lameth  in  ;i  duel, 


44  NOVEMBER,   1790. 

While  the  National  Guard  continues  to  be  unanimous  there 
is  little  cause  to  fear  the  mob  of  Paris,  but,  as  endeavours  are 
not  wanting  to  foment  dissentions  in  that  body,  the  peace  of 
the  cajaital  may,  with  reason,  be  supposed  to  be  in  danger.  It 
is  the  intention  of  the  democratic  party  to  force  Mr  la  Fayette 
from  the  command  and  to  substitute  in  his  place  Mr  de  Biron 
and  Mr  Charles  de  Lameth ;  the  former  to  command  the  milice 
soldde  the  latter  the  non  soldee ;  and  it  is  also  in  contemplation 
that  there  should  be,  in  France,  as  many  soldiers  of  the  milice 
soldee  as  of  regulars. 

Much  mischief  has  been  done  by  the  overflowing  of  the 
Loire  and  the  last  courier,  who  passed  through  this  place  on 
Wednesday  morning,  in  his  way  to  Madrid  may  very  probably 
be  retarded  by  that  accident,  as  the  Spanish  Ambassador's 
courier  is  not  yet  arrived  from  Madrid. 

Mr  Montmorin  omits  no  opportunity  of  expressing  to  me 
his  anxiety  at  not  hearing  that  the  disarmament  is  begun  in 
England. 

P.S.  Above  200,000  weight  that  is  above  100  ton  of  gun- 
powder is  expected  to  pass  through  here  in  its  way  to  Brest 
from  the  magazines  at  Metz,  Strasbourgh  &c. 


Paeis,  November  2Qth,  1790. 

Mr  Montmorin  sent  a  letter  yesterday  to  the  National 
Assembly,  copy  of  which  taken  from  an  accurate  journal  I  send 
to  your  Grace ;  but  he  did  not  inform  them,  as  I  understood 
from  him  on  Tuesday  last  it  was  his  intention  to  do,  that  six 
sail  of  the  line,  four  in  addition  to  the  two  I  formerly  mentioned 
to  your  Grace,  with  frigates  and  five  or  six  thousand  soldiers 
were  to  be  immediately  sent  to  the  West  Indies.  When  he 
communicated  this  to  me  he  told  me  that  he  should  instruct 
Mr  la  Luzerne  to  notify  it  to  your  Grace,  and,  at  the  same  time 
expressed  his  readiness  to  notify  it  in  any  other  manner  or  to 
give  any  further  explanation  that  his  Majesty's  confidential 
ministers  miijrht  desire. 


CIVIC    OATH   OF   THE    CLERGY.  45 

Mr  Duport  Dutertre,  an  advocate  of  probity,  but  of  no 
eminence  before  the  Revolution,  to  which  he  professes  himself 
a  sincere  friend,  is  appointed  Ministre  de  la  Justice  et  Garde 
du  Sceau  de  I'Etat.  The  opinion  of  Mr  La  Fayette  has  evidently 
had  great  weight  in  the  appointment  of  the  present  ministry. 

Your  Grace's  last  messenger  past  through  this  place  about 
five  o'clock  this  evening  in  his  way  to  Madrid, 


Pabis,  December  3rd,  1790. 

Mr  de  Lessart  has  succeeded  Mr  Lambert  in  the  office 
of  Controleur  General. 

The  National  Assembly  has  passed  a  decree,  which  has 
been  sanctioned  by  the  King,  obliging  the  clergy  to  take  the 
civic  oath  and  declaring  that  every  ecclesiastic  who  shall  act 
contrary  to  that  oath  either  by  refusing  to  obey  the  decrees 
sanctioned  by  the  King,  or  by  exciting  opposition  to  them  shall 
lose  the  rights  of  a  French  citizen  and  be  incapable  of  exercising 
any  office.  A  letter  is  expected  from  the  Pope  enjoining  them 
to  comply.  In  consequence  of  the  troubles  in  Martinico  and 
the  request  of  Mr  Peynier  governor  of  Saint  Domingo  the 
Assembly  has  at  last  desired  the  King  to  send  six  thousand 
men  to  the  West  Indies  with  four  ships  of  the  line  in  addition 
to  the  two  already  ordered  with  a  proportionable  number  of 
transports. 

A  merchant  ship  lately  arrived  from  the  East  Indies  met 
on  its  passage  a  vessel  from  which  they  learnt  that  there  was 
an  insurrection  in  the  Isle  de  France. 

A  great  number  of  forged  Assignats  have  already  got  into 
circulation :  the  maker  of  them,  after  much  pains  and  difficulty, 
is  discovered,  he  is  a  prisoner  in  the  Chatelet,  and,  during  his 
confinement  in  that  prison  he  has  contrived  to  engrave,  without 
detection,  no  less  than  ten  copper-plates  for  taking  them  off. 


46  DECEMBER,    1790. 

Pakis,  December  10th,  1790. 

It  has  been  proposed  in  the  Assembly  to  tax  the  public 
Funds,  but,  upon  a  motion  of  Mr  Barnave,  they  have  declared 
that  the  invariable  principles  of  public  faith  must  ever  prevent 
them  from  being  the  object  of  a  particular  tax.  They  have 
risen  surprizingly  within  these  few  weeks:  the  loan  of  125 
millions,  which  two  months  ago  was  at  11  per  cent,  loss,  were 
yesterday  at  10|^  above  par. 

The  lands  and  houses  formerly  belonging  to  the  clergy 
continue  to  be  sold  much  higher  than  their  valuation,  but  they 
were,  for  political  reasons,  evidently  rated  too  low. 

The  two  French  regiments  which  conducted  themselves  so 
shamefully  at  Nancy  are  ordered  to  be  cashiered,  the  common 
soldiers  however  are  to  be  allowed  three  months'  pay. 

It  is  reported  that  Mr  Conway  is  on  his  return  to  this 
country  from  the  Isle  de  France  and  that  the  troops  are  to  go 
back  from  thence  to  Pondicherry. 


Paeis,  December  lAth,  1790. 

I  take  the  opportunity  of  Mr  Fraser's  return  to  England 
to  inform  your  Grace  that  Mr  Montmorin  assured  me  positively 
this  morning  that  there  is  no  foundation  for  the  report  that 
the  troops  are  returned  from  the  Isle  de  France  to  Pondicherry. 
He  also  told  me  that  the  Ministry  might  possibly  send  fewer 
vessels  and  troops  than  they  had  intended  to  the  West  Indies : 
it  appears  indeed  that,  at  this  very  critical  time,  they  may 
have  sufficient  employment  for  all  their  troops  at  home. 

I  was  mistaken  when  I  informed  your  Grace  that  the  King 
had  sanctioned  the  decree  which  obliges  the  clergy  to  take 
the  civic  oath.  His  Majesty  I  understand  waits  for  an  answer 
from  Rome. 


FOKGERS    OF    ASSIGNATS    IN    LONDON.  47 

Paris,  December  llth,  1790. 

The  inclosed  paper  will  prove  to  your  Grace  the  great 
alarm  which  the  discovery  of  a  company  of  forgers  of  Assignats 
in  London  has  occasioned  in  this  country.  Mr  Montmorin, 
when  he  yesterday  mentioned  the  subject  to  me,  stated  it  as 
a  matter  of  the  utmost  importance ;  and  assured  me  that  the 
assistance  of  His  Majesty's  Ministers  on  this  occasion  would 
be  regarded  as  a  strong  proof  of  good-intelligence  between  the 
two  countries,  and  would  insure  reciprocal  assistance  whenever 
it  should  be  required. 

At  Mr  Montmorin's  request,  I  shall  take  the  liberty  to  write 
a  letter  recommending  the  business  and  the  bearer  to  your 
Grace's  protection :  which  letter  that  Minister  will  deliver  to 
the  person  who  is  to  manage  this  affair  in  London  for  the 
French  Ministry. 

The  aristocratic  party  express  openly  in  public  their  hopes 
of  a  speedy  counter-revolution.  It  is  certain  that  the  capital 
is  regarded  with  a  jealous  eye  by  the  provinces;  which  jealousy 
is  industriously  fomented  by  all  those,  a  considerable  number 
indeed,  who  are  dissatisfied  with  the  present  Government. 
Three  people  have  been  lately  taken  up  and  sent  to  the  prison 
of  Pierre  Encise  near  Lyons  on  account  of  the  discovery  of  a 
treasonable  plot ;  and  between  hope  and  fear  many  people 
attached  to  the  former  system  are  daily  quitting  Paris. 


Paeis,  December  31sf,  1790. 

The  King  has  notified,  by  a  letter  counter-signed  by  the 
Garde  du  Sceau,  his  acceptation  of  the  decree  relative  to  the 
civil  constitution  of  the  clergy ;  in  consequence  of  which  the 
Bishop  of  Autun^  and  most  of  the  inferior  clergy,  members 
of  the  Assembly,  have  taken  the  oath  prescribed  by  that  decree. 
The  late  constant  rain  is  supposed  to  have  delayed  the  return 
of  the  courier  from  Rome. 

A  serious  but  premature  plan  for  a  counter-revolution  has 
certainly  been  discovered  at  Lyons.     The  story  of  a  number  of 

1  Talleyrand, 


48  DECEMBER,   1790. 

men  having  arrived  there  from  Auvergne  with  led  horses  which 
they  left  in  order  to  return  precipitately  home  I  find  to  be 
absolutely  true. 

It  is  certain  that  there  have  been  considerable  dissentions 
among  the  French  of  the  aristocratical  party  at  Turin.  The 
Prince  of  Cond^  having  spoken  disrespectfully  of  the  conduct 
of  the  King  of  Sardinia,  has  been  obliged  to  leave  that  country, 
and  is  now  at  Nyon  in  Switzerland :  the  Comte  d'Artois  re- 
mains at  Turin ;  but  his  return  to  Paris  is  expected  by  many. 
In  case  of  that  event  the  Temple  will  probably  be  his  place 
of  residence. 

The  Assembly  has  voted  one  hundred  thousand  livres  for 
the  works  at  Cherbourg  the  Minister  of  the  Marine  Department 
having  promised  to  lay  before  them  the  plan  of  those  works, 
which,  he  calculates,  will  cost,  for  the  year  1791,  only  nine 
hundred  thousand  instead  of  four  or  five  millions  of  livres, 
the  usual  annual  amount  of  the  sum  expended  on  them. 


Paris,  January  7th,  1791. 

It  is  difiicult  to  believe  that  Government  has  not  as 
yet  been  informed  of  the  sentiments  of  the  Court  of  Home 
with  regard  to  the  decree  of  the  27th  of  November,  although 
the  long-expected  courier  is  not  arrived. 

All  the  Bishops^  except  those  of  Autun  and  Lydda  and  the 
Abb^  Expilly,  elected  bishop  according  to  the  new  constitution 
by  the  Department  of  Finisterre,  have  refused  to  take  the  oath. 
I  understand  that  it  is  intended  that  they  should  be  allowed 
10,000  livres  per  annum.  In  order  to  induce  the  Comte  d'Artois 
to  return  it  will  very  probably  be  proposed  in  the  Assembly 
that  the  nation,  in  addition  to  the  traitement  already  allowed 
him,  shall  pay  him  a  sum  of  money  for  certain  mines  and 
forges  which  belonged  to  him  before  the  last  decree  upon  the 
Apanages.  The  Prince  of  Conde  is,  it  is  said,  returned  to 
Turin. 

1  Of  131  bishops  only  4  took  the  oath. 


THE   EMIGRES,  49 

The  commandant  of  the  Garde  Nationale  at  Marseilles  has 
been  taken  up  on  his  way  to  Nice  being  strongly  suspected  of 
being  concerned  in  the  plan  of  counter-revolution  lately  dis- 
covered at  Lyons. 

I  think  it  my  duty  to  inform  your  Grace  that  Mr  Simolin 
has  of  late  had  frequent  conferences  with  Mr  de  Montmorin. 


Paris,  January  Mth,  1791. 

In  consequence  of  your  Grace's  instructions  No.  14 
I  have  communicated  to  Mr  de  Montmorin  the  circumstances 
of  Mr  Dawson's  complaint :  that  Minister  having  desired  me 
to  state  it  in  writing  I  have  sent  to  him  a  memorial ;  copy  of 
which  I  inclose.  In  case  it  should  appear  that  Mr  Landolph 
has  been  authorized  by  the  French  Government  to  act  in  the 
manner  mentioned  in  Mr  Dawson's  memorial,  I  shall  desire  to 
be  informed  what  is  the  ground  or  nature  of  the  claim  of 
France  to  the  exercise  of  such  rights  in  the  place  in  question, 
and  I  shall  lose  no  time  in  transmitting  to  your  Grace  the 
answer  of  the  French  Ministry. 

The  King  of  Sardinia  having  absolutely  refused  to  give  any 
assistance  to  the  French  emigrants  the  Prince  de  Conde  will 
pass  the  remainder  of  the  winter  in  Switzerland  and  the  Count 
d'Artois  is  waiting  at  Venice  for  such  offers  from  the  Assembly 
as  may  induce  him  to  return  to  France. 

The  greater  nujnber  of  the  curates  of  Paris  took  the  oath 
last  Sunday :  some  however,  having  another  week  allowed  them 
to  consider  the  subject,  declined  taking  it  at  that  time ;  in  the 
mean  while  no  official  answer  is  arrived  from  Rome ;  but  there 
is  good  reason  to  beleive  that  Government  is  apprized  of  the 
unfavorable  sentiments  of  that  Court. 

Above  sixteen  millions  have  been  voted  for  the  current 
service  of  the  present  month. 


G.  C. 


50  JANUARY,   1791. 

Paris,  January  21st,  1791. 

On  the  arrival  of  Mr  Groves  with  your  Grace's  instruc- 
tions, I  wrote  immediately  to  Mr  de  Montmorin  desiring  his 
authority  and  assistance  in  order  to  enable  him  to  receive  and 
convey  to  England  Claude  Fini  alias  Chameron. 

That  Minister  informed  me  yesterday,  in  the  course  of  con- 
versation that  in  the  present  state  of  things,  it  was  impossible 
for  him  to  authorize  the  conveying  of  Claude  Fini  to  England : 
he  expressed  his  wish  that  it  were  possible ;  although,  he  re- 
marked, he  knew  that  the  British  Government  could  not,  in 
case  it  were  requested  afford  reciprocal  assistance.  Mr  de 
Montmorin  having  promised  an  answer  in  writing,  I  shall  send 
it  to  your  Grace  by  the  next  messenger. 

No  answer  from  Rome  has  been  as  yet  made  public.  The 
curates  in  the  capital  who  have  refused  to  take  the  oath  have 
been  permitted  to  retire  without  bloodshed,  but  not  without 
insult  from  the  populace.  In  the  provinces  particularly  in  the 
south  some  cruelties  have  been  committed,  and  in  one  place 
the  mob  cut  off  the  curate's  head  and,  having  placed  it  on  the 
altar,  sprinkled  it  in  derision  with  holy  water. 

The  regiments  of  Soissonois  and  of  Penthievre  are,  by  a 
decree  of  the  National  Assembly  recalled  from  Avignon.  Some 
soldiers  of  those  regiments  have  together  with  the  National 
Guard  of  that  town  been  guilty  of  the  most  horrid  barbarities. 
Their  first  intention  Avas  to  beseige  Carpentras  in  order  to 
destroy  the  Assembly  now  sitting  in  that  town,  but,  finding  it 
too  strong,  they  turned  their  rage  against  Cavaillon,  which  they 
pillaged,  after  having  murdered  many  of  the  inhabitants  and 
having  committed  all  sorts  of  indecencies.  Your  Grace  may 
judge  of  the  alarming  state  of  the  southern  provinces  from 
a  letter  of  Mr  du  Portail  to  the  National  Assembly,  in  which 
he  says  that  the  number  of  regular  troops  is  much  inferior  to 
the  wants  and  desires  of  every  department,  particularly  in  the 
south  of  France.  He  insists  much  on  the  difficulty  of  sending 
them  to  the  places  where  they  are  wanted.  Sometimes  the 
regiments  themselves  shew  a  spirit  of  resistance  which  it  would 
be  dai)gerous  to  put  to  a  tnal ;  sometimes  mvinicipalities  and 


TIPPO   SAIB,  51 

administrators  of  departments  declare  that  they  will  not  permit 
the  regiments  in  their  departments  to  go  away,  or,  that  they 
will  not  receive  some  others  destined  to  be  sent  to  them,  and 
at  other  times  they  stop  the  troops  that  have  orders  to  pass 
through  their  territories. 

The  Prince  of  Condd  has  left  Switzerland  and  is  now  at 
Stutgard. 

I  inclose  a  copy  of  a  French  translation  of  a  letter  said  to 
be  written  (in  Latin)  from  the  Emperor  to  the  King  of  France 
a  notion  that  His  Imperial  Majesty,  is  preparing  to  act  in 
conformity  to  that  letter  has  occasioned  a  considerable  fall  in 
the  funds  here. 

The  frigate  la  Nymphe  arrived  at  1' Orient  on  the  12th  and 
is  said  to  bring  an  account  of  a  victory  gained  by  Tippoo  Saib 
in  the  East  Indies.  I  send  your  Grace  a  translation  of  that 
account  from  one  of  the  public  papers,  Mr  de  Montmorin, 
when  I  mentioned  the  subject  to  him  yesterday,  assured  me 
that  he  had  received  no  official  intelligence  which  could  at  all 
corroborate  the  report,  and  told  me  that  he  remained  with  the 
Minister  of  the  Marine  and  Colonies  upon  business  till  ten 
o'clock  the  night  before  who  at  that  time  had  received  no 
account  of  it.  I  have  this  morning  seen  a  gentleman  who  has 
received  a  letter  from  a  friend  at  Pondicherry  dated  the  26  of 
July  in  which  there  is  no  mention  of  this  victory. 


Paris,  January  23rd,  1791. 

I  forgot  to  inform  your  Grace  that  Mr  de  Mirabeau, 
instead  of  quitting  Paris  as  he  had  once  intended,  mounted 
guard  last  week  at  the  Thuilleries  as  commander  of  a  bat- 
talion of  the  National  Guard  ;  he  has  since  been  obliged  to 
quit  that  station,  being  chosen  one  of  the  administrators  of 
the  department  of  Paris,  an  office  which  is  not  tenable  with 
any  other :  the  Bishop  of  Autun,  for  the  same  reason,  has 
resigned  his  bishoprick.  A  very  large  importation  from  England 
of  buttons  for  the  national  uniform  has  made  it  necessary  for 
every   possible    precaution    to    be   taken    in    order   to   prevent 

4—2 


52  JANUARY,   1791. 

tumults  in  this  town :  the  journey-men  manufacturers  having 
threatened  to  destroy  the  shops  of  all  those  who  sell  English 
goods. 

Those  who  are  best  acquainted  with  East  India  affairs  give 
little  credit  to  the  report  of  Tippoo's  victory.  The  accounts 
however  from  Chandernagor  are  unfortunately  too  true ;  the 
inhabitants  of  that  place  having  deposed  the  officers  appoint- 
ed by  the  King,  dispersed  the  magistrates,  and  pillaged  the 
archives. 

The  spirit  of  opposition  in  Alsace  to  the  decrees  of  the 
National  Assembly  joined  to  the  Emperor's  letter  to  the  King 
has  occasioned  a  proposal  from  one  of  the  sections  of  this 
capital  which  has  been  approved  of  by  the  rest,  to  form  a  body 
of  twelve  thousand  men  in  order  to  march  to  the  frontier  on 
the  first  alarm  of  hostilities  from  that  quarter. 


Paris,  January  28th,  1791. 

In  order  that  your  Grace  may  know  the  sort  of  language 
that  the  Princes  of  Germany,  who  have  possessions  in  France, 
hold  to  this  Court,  I  inclose  a  printed  copy  of  the  Bishop  of 
Spire's  answer  to  a  ministerial  note  of  the  Baron  de  Groschlag, 
the  King's  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the  circle  of  the  upper 
Rhine,  which  I  received  from  that  Princes  minister  at  this 
Court.  I  inclose  also  a  copy  of  the  Emperor's  letter  in  the 
original  Latin.  The  Prince  of  Conde's  and  Mr  de  Calonne's 
journey  to  Stutgard  increase  the  suspicions  of  designs  from 
that  quarter  hostile  to  the  present  Constitution  of  France.  In 
addition  to  which  the  state  of  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Alsace  add  much  to  the  general  alarm.  The  prevalence  of  the 
Protestant  religion  in  that  country  cause  the  Catholics  to  be 
extremely  strict  with  regard  to  their  religious  tenets,  and  of 
course  much  dissatisfied  with  the  decree  concerning  the  civil 
constitution  of  the  clergy :  some  former  decrees  of  the  Assembly 
in  favor  of  the  Protestants  having  before  given  them  impressions 
not  favourable  to  that  body.     Many  of  the  Protestants,  on  the 


CLUB    T)ES    ,JACOB[NS.  53 

Other  hand,  being  farmers  of  the  lands  of  the  clergy,  use  every 
possible  means  to  prevent  the  sale  of  those  lands. 

It  is  intended,  in  consequence  of  these  alarms,  to  increase 
the  number  of  regular  troops,  which  consist  now  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty  thousand  men,  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand, 
and  to  raise  in  addition  one  hundred  thousand  auxiliary  troops, 
that  are  not  to  do  garrison  duty  but  to  be  ready  in  case  of 
necessity,  and  to  be  enlisted  for  three  years. 

The  Assembly  of  Carpentras,  in  proof  of  whose  loyalty  and 
attachment  to  their  Sovereign  I  inclose  a  declaration  sent  to 
me  by  their  president,  have  been  obliged  to  place  on  the  gates 
of  their  town  the  arms  of  France,  not  however  without  having 
first  sent  to  the  neighbouring  departments  to  know  if  they 
might  expect  any  assistance  from  the  National  Guard. 

The  accounts  from  Martinico  state  that  island  to  be  in  the 
most  deplorable  situation,  the  governor,  Mr  de  Damas,  having 
thought  fit  to  put  arms  into  the  hands  of  the  slaves.  Two  ships 
of  the  line  sailed  some  time  ago  for  that  colony,  and  the  other 
four  with  six  thousand  troops,  if  they  have  not  been  prevented 
by  contrary  winds,  have  by  this  time  left  Brest. 

I  rejoice  to  find  that  the  disagreable  reports  brought  by  la 
Nymphe  from  the  East-Indies  are  entirely  without  foundation. 

The  violence  of  party  is  at  present  so  great  in  the  National 
Assembly  that  no  terms  of  abuse  are  omitted  by  the  speakers 
on  either  side,  and  the  style  of  language  which  used  to  be  con- 
fined to  the  markets,  and  therefore  called  le  langage  des  halles, 
is  now  very  frequently  adopted  in  that  place. 

The  club  of  the  Jacobins  and  another  lately  established 
called  des  Amis  de  la  Constitution  Monarchique  are  at  open 
war.  The  house  of  Mr  de  Clermont  Tonnerre,  the  president  of 
the  latter  club,  has  been  threatened  to  be  pulled  down  by  the 
populace,  which  being  notified  yesterday  by  a  member  to  the 
Assembly,  the  president  \vrote  to  the  mayor,  who  immediately 
went  to  the  spot,  which  prevented  the  threat  from  being  put 
into  execution. 

During  the  course  of  this  week,  there  has  been  frequent 
occasion  to  call  for  the  aid  of  the  National  Guard.  Some  days 
ago  a  party  of  Chasseurs,  a  body  of  men  established  principally 


54  .TANFATJY,   1701. 

with  a  view  to  prevent  smuggling,  insisted,  Avithout  any  order 
from  the  civil  magistrate,  upon  entering  the  house  of  a  person 
who  was  known  to  have  smuggled  goods,  in  the  village  of  la 
Villette  adjoining  the  barriere  leading  to  St  Denis,  and, 
entrance  being  refused,  they  proceeded  to  acts  of  violence  and 
were  fired  upon  by  the  people  within,  who  were  possessed  of 
fire  arms,  as  they  belonged  to  the  National  Guard.  They  fired 
in  their  turn,  and  this  sort  of  engagement  continued  till  the 
arrival  of  Mr  la  Fayette  with  a  large  (sic)  of  guards  and  canon. 
The  Chasseurs  have,  by  this  proceeding  rendered  themselves 
extremely  unpopular,  and  they  are  on  that  account  unable  to 
do  their  duty,  the  consequence  of  which  is  that  every  night 
some  barriere  is  forced  and  prodigious  quantities  of  smuggled 
goods,  particularly  wine  and  brandy,  are  brought  into  the  town, 
which  must  occasion  a  considerable  decrease  of  the  public 
revenue. 

An  assistant  of  the  police  was  yesterday  extremely  ill- 
treated  by  a  mob  in  the  faubourg  St  Antoine  but  he  was  at 
last  rescued  by  the  interference  of  the  guard.  I  hope  to  be 
able  to  give  your  Grace  an  account  of  the  present  state  of  the 
finances  of  this  country  in  my  next  dispatch. 


Paris,  January  .30,   1791. 

I  omitted  to  inform  your  Grace  that  the  King  last  week 
appointed  Mr  de  Lessart  Minister  of  the  Home  Department. 
The  thousand  auxiliaries  are  to  act  instead  of  the  militia  and 
are  to  receive  three  sous  a  day  during  the  three  years  of  their 
engagement,  unless  called  upon  active  service.  In  that  case  they 
will  be  incorporated  with  the  other  regiments.  The  regular 
troops,  when  compleated  will  amount  to  150  thousand  men; 
the  National  Guard  to  300  thousand. 

The  administrators  of  the  department  of  la  Drome,  which 
bounds  the  Pope's  territories  on  the  north,  having  resolved  to 
send  succours  to  the  inhabitants  of  Carpentras,  causes  some 
uneasiness,  but  it  is  hoped  that  orders  to  the  contrary  from  the 
Minister  of  the  War  Department  will  arrive  in  time  to  prevent 
any  bad  consequences. 


CLUB    MONARCHIQUE.  55' 

I  inclose  the  Moniteur  of  this  day  as  it  contains  two  very 
interesting  speeches^  one  of  Mr  Alexander  Lameth,  the  other 
of  Mr  Mirabeau.  The  latter  gentleman  is  at  last  chosen  presi- 
dent of  the  Assembly. 


Paris,  February  ith,  1791. 

There  is  good  reason  to  believe  that  the  quiet  which 
we  at  present  enjoy  will  not  be  of  long  duration.  The  party 
of  Mr  Barnave  and  the  Lameths  omit  no  opportunity  of  giving 
the  spur  to  a  popularity  which  they  perceive  to  be  declining : 
on  the  other  hand,  the  new  club"  shews  a  degree  of  firmness, 
which  has  as  yet  been  wanting  among  those  Avho  profess  their 
principles.  It  is  certain  that  they  intended  to  acquire  a  popu- 
larity by  causing  bread  to  be  sold  to  the  poor,  considerably  below 
the  market  price  :  which,  being  done  in  too  open  a  manner,  has 
had,  in  some  degree,  a  contrary  effect,  and  has  given  to  the  club 
of  the  Jacobins  an  opportunity  of  denouncing  them  as  a  society 
formed  by  a  faction,  and  dangerous  to  the  Constitution.  The 
club  of  1789,  through  fear  of  being  implicated  in  this  accusation, 
has  declared  that  they  reject  from  their  society  all  those  who 
continue  to  be  members  of  the  Club  Monarchique,  for  so  they 
call  by  abbreviation  the  Society  des  Amis  de  la  Constitution 
Monarchique,  who  took  that  appellation  in  contradistinction 
to  the  Society  des  Amis  de  la  Constitution,  the  regular  appella- 
tion of  the  Jacobins.  The  last  society  having  imprudently 
pul)lished  a  letter  in  which  they  accused  the  Chasseurs  of 
having  designedly  caused  the  late  disturbances  at  the  barriere 
of  la  Chapelle,  leading  to  St  Denis,  and  that  they  had  received 
pay  to  act  in   that   manner,  the  mayor  found  it  necessary  to 

^  Lameth's  speech  was  delivered  as  president  of  the  military  committee, 
Mirabeau's  as  reporter  of  the  diplomatic  committee.  It  dealt  principally  with 
international  relations  and  urged  that  there  was  nothing  to  be  apprehended  on 
the  side  of  England.  The  English  nation  was  substantially  in  harmony  with 
the  French  Revolution  and  the  Minister  would  not  dare  to  run  counter  to  its 
views.  He  professed  a  complete  ignorance  of  the  private  views  of  the  English 
ministry,  and  naturally  spoke  so  as  to  avoid  all  suspicion  of  Eliott's  mission. 

-  Tlie  club  of  the  Amis  de  la  Constitution  Monarchique  was  founded  towards 
the  close  of  17'.)0. 


0(j  FEBRUARY,  1791. 

issue  a  declaration,  entirely  exculpating  them,  and  the  Jacobins 
were  obliged  to  retract  their  opinion  in  a  second  letter. 

I  inclose  Mr  Malouet's  well  written  answer  to  Mr  Barnave's 
Denonciation  du  Club  de  la  Constitution  Monarchique,  at  the  end 
of  which  there  is  printed  the  fir.st  letter  of  the  Jacobins  con- 
trasted with  that  of  the  Club  Monarchique  upon  that  subject. 
In  order  to  compensate  this  error  and  to  turn  men's  minds  from 
a  subject  not  favourable  to  them  towards  one  which  might 
hurt  the  other  club,  a  report  was  industriously  spread  by  the 
Jacobins  that  there  was  a  plan  to  carry  off  the  Royal  family 
and  that  horses  were  in  readiness  in  the  stables  at  Versailles 
for  that  purpose.  They  accordingly  sent  commissioners  to  inspect 
and  report :  in  one  stable,  it  is  true,  they  found  120  horses,  in 
another  140,  but  one  number  belonged  to  a  regiment  of  horse, 
the  other  to  the  Chasseurs ;  nor  was  the  number  of  horses 
found  to  be  encreased  in  those  stables  since  the  revolution. 
Another  cause  of  alarm  is  the  intended  journey  of  the  King's 
aunts  to  Rome.  The  reason  assigned  for  this  resolution  is  a 
point  of  conscience  not  to  attend  mass  performed  by  a  priest 
who  has  taken  the  new  oath ;  if  this  is  the  only  reason  it  may 
be  easily  surmounted ;  certain  however  it  is  that  they  have 
asked  for  passports  and  that  preparations  are  making  for  the 
journey.  In  the  mean  time  the  friends  to  the  Constitution  at 
Seve\  near  which  town  Mesdaraes  reside,  are  corresponding  with 
the  club  of  the  same  name  at  Paris,  the  Jacobins,  and  beseech- 
ing them  to  use  their  influence  and  authority  in  order  to  prevent 
their  departure. 

The  Bishop  of  Orleans  and  the  Cardinal  Bishop  of  Sens 
have  taken  the  oath :  the  Cardinal  de  Bornis,  having  taken  it 
with  a  restriction,  sans  manquer  a  ce  que  je  dois  a  Dieu  et  a  la 
religion,  will  probably  be  deprived  not  only  of  his  bishoprick 
but  of  all  the  offices  that  he  holds  under  Government.  The 
lands  of  the  clergy  continue  to  be  sold  for  at  least  a  third  more 
than  their  valuation  ;  the  difficulty  of  employing  assignats  in 
any  other  manner,  and  the  prospect  of  the  great  improvements 
which  may  be  made  on  those  lands,  heretofore  much  neglected, 
are  the  most  probable  causes  of  this  advantageous  sale. 

'  Here  is  the  usual  manner  of  sjielling  Sevres  at  that  time. 


FUNERAL   OF    M.    DESILLES.  57 

An  East  India  merchantship,  the  Amphitrite,  on  its  return 
to  France,  has  been  wrecked  off  the  coast  and  almost  within 
sight  of  rOrient :  out  of  108  men  five  only  were  saved. 

The  last  accounts  from  Martinico  are  dated  the  tvventy-fifth 
of  December :  at  that  time  the  rebels  were  still  in  possession 
of  the  forts.  The  colonies  of  Cayenne  and  Guyanne  shew  the 
same  spirit  of  opposition  to  their  governors  ;  so  that  there  is 
scarcely  a  single  colony  belonging  to  France  that  is  not  in  a 
state  of  insurrection. 

There  are  reports  of  disturbances  in  Britanny  but  there  are 
no  accounts  that  can  be  depended  upon. 

I  inclose  an  abstract  of  the  expences  of  the  three  first  months 
of  this  year :  the  whole  expences  of  the  year  will  soon  be  laid 
before  the  Assembly  of  which  I  shall  give  your  Grace  the  earliest 
account. 

I  am  informed,  by  the  Minister  from  the  Republic  of 
Geneva,  that  the  heads  of  the  French  party  there  have  been 
gained  by  giving  them  droits  de  bourgeoisie  and  by  other 
means. 

I  cannot  conclude  without  mentioning  a  circumstance  on 
account  of  it's  singularity.  I  happened  to  be  at  the  Assembly, 
on  Saturday  last',  when  a  funeral  pageant  was  performed  there 
to  the  memory  of  Mr  Desilles,  whose  bust  was  carried  in  a 
sort  of  triumph  round  the  room  accompanied  by  a  procession 
of  soldiers  with  martial  musick :  a  speech  was  made  on  the 
occasion  by  one  of  the  members  and  another  by  the  president ; 
as  soon  as  the  last  was  concluded,  the  ears  of  the  legislators 
of  France  were  amused  with  the  favourite  air  of  (^a  ira,  performed 
by  this  martial  band :  the  Abbe  Maury,  who  happened  to  be 
near  us,  exclaimed  voila  comme  les  fran^ais  funt  des  his. 

'  This  happened  at  the  evening  sitting.  A  detachment  of  the  grenadiers  of 
the  battalion  of  St  Joseph  was  introduced,  drums  and  a  band  headed  a  deputation, 
in  the  midst  was  carried  the  bust  of  Desilles,  who  died  at  Nancy  of  his  wounds  in 
trying  to  spare  the  blood  of  his  fellow-citizens.  M.  Gouy  and  the  President 
made  speeches,  the  bust  was  placed  on  the  Secretaries'  table  recovered  with  oak- 
leaves.  A  large  painting  of  the  action  of  Desilles  was  ordered  to  be  made. 
Immediately  after  this  Mirabeau  was  declared  President  of  the  Assembly. 
Nothing  is  said  in  the  Moniteur  about  Q'a  ira. 


58  FEBRUARY,    1791. 

Pakis,  February,  11th,  1791. 

During  Mr  de  Mirabeau's  presidency  more  essential 
business  will  have  been  dispatched  by  the  Assembly  than  has 
been  done  by  that  body  in  the  space  of  months  before.  Among 
other  things  are  to  be  reckoned  1st.  the  conclusion  of  the  orga- 
nization of  juries  ;  and  2nd.  the  formation  of  a  High  National 
Court  to  try  those  who  are  accused  by  the  legislative  body. 
It  is  to  consist  of  four  judges  taken  from  the  Tribunal  de  Cassa- 
tion, the  formation  of  which  now  occupies  the  attention  of  the 
Assembly ;  the  jury  of  this  court  is  to  be  composed  of  citizens 
having  the  qualifications  requisite  to  be  a  deputy  to  the  National 
Assembly:  two  to  be  chosen  at  every  election  for  a  new  legislature 
by  every  department,  and  to  continue  during  the  duration  of 
that  legislature.  The  place  where  it  is  to  sit  must  be  distant 
at  least  15  leagues  from  that  of  the  National  Assembly. 

3rd.  The  reduction  of  the  number  of  municipalities,  a 
consummation  most  devoutly  to  be  wished  for  by  all  who  are 
enemies  to  anarchy  and  confusion,  would  have  been  agitated 
before  this  time  in  the  Assembly  had  it  not  been  for  the  inter- 
ruption which  a  remonstrance  from  the  city  of  Paris,  and  the 
business  brought  forward  in  consequence  of  that  remonstrance 
has  occasioned. 

The  municipality  has  stated  to  the  Assembly  that  Paris  is 
no  longer  able  to  bear  the  weight  of  those  taxes  which  the 
former  abuses  of  Government  enabled  it  to  pay:  that  in  propor- 
tion to  their  decrease  of  wealth  they  suffer  an  increase  of 
expence.  That  they  are  obliged  to  maintain  twenty-seven 
thousand  adventurers  and  needy  persons,  (the  fact  is  that, 
under  the  name  of  workmen  and  labourers  those  people  receive 
fifteen  sous  a  day  although  they  scarcely  work  at  all).  That 
they  have  still  to  pay  four  millions  for  the  expence  of  the  revolu- 
tion, and  one  million  two  hundred  thousand  livres  for  the  works 
in  the  Champ  de  Mars  for  the  Federation.  That  it  is  unjust  that 
they  who  were  the  most  active  in  bringing  about  the  revolution 
should  be  the  greatest  sufferers  by  that  event.  In  this  state  of 
distress  they  request  the  Assembly  to  decree  that  six  millions 
should  be  paid  to  them  by  the  public  treasury ;  they  being  able 
to  prove  that  fifteen  millions  are  owing  them  by  the  public. 


TAXATION.  59 

The  payment  of  the  six  millions  has  accordingly  been 
decreed,  and  Mr  Dupont,  by  order  of  the  Comite  d'Impositions, 
has  laid  before  the  Assembly  a  plan  for  levying  taxes  to  be  paid 
at  the  entrance  of  towns  in  proportion  to  their  population; 
according  to  which  plan  it  is  calculated  that  every  inhabitant  of 
Paris  will  pay  annually  eighteen  livres  per  head  instead  of  forty 
livres  ten  sous.  The  towns  of  France  formerly  paid  in  droits 
d'entrde  seventy  millions  per  annum,  of  which  forty-six  went  to 
the  service  of  Government,  the  other  twenty-four  were  employed 
by  the  towns  themselves.  Paris  alone  contributed  thirty-six 
millions,  twenty-eight  of  which  were  paid  to  the  public.  It  is 
now  proposed  to  reduce  the  forty-six  millions,  which  were 
formerly  paid  to  Government,  to  twenty-four  and  that  of  Paris 
from  twenty-eight  to  ten. 

The  expences  of  the  new  Government,  for  the  present  year, 
are  estimated  at  658  millions :  as  they  are  now  printing  tables 
of  these  expences  I  shall  delay  enlarging  upon  that  subject  till 
next  week. 

The  King's  aunts  seem  determined  to  leave  this  country: 
they  have  employed  people  to  buy  gold  coin  for  them  in  Paris 
to  so  large  an  amount  that  it  has  considerably  increased  the 
price  of  it. 

The  sentiments  of  the  inhabitants  of  Alsace  have  occasioned 
great  uneasiness  to  the  King's  Commissioners:  they  found  the 
minds  of  people  so  adverse  to  them  at  Strasburg  that  they 
hastened  to  Colmar  where  they  were  saved  from  the  fury  of  the 
people  by  the  interference  of  the  National  Guard.  Vive  Mr 
d'Artois:  les  Commissaires  a  la  lantern e  were  the  expressions 
with  which  they  were  saluted  on  their  arrival  at  the  last  place. 

The  troubles  in  Britanny  have  not  been  very  considerable; 
some  lives  have  been  lost  and  many  people  taken  prisoners  by 
the  National  Guard  in  order  to  prevent  the  further  burning  of 
castles  in  that  country. 

In  Quercy  quiet  is  at  last  restored,  but  there  also  the  rioters 
have  done  much  mischief.  At  Chantilly  they  have  destroyed 
the  Prince  of  Condo's  park  and  gardens.  In  Paris  necessity 
has  obliged  the  municipal  officers  to  interfere  in  order  to  sup- 
press the  gaming-houses  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  Palais- 


60  FEBRUARY,    1791. 

Royal  which  were  swarming  with  thieves  and  pick-pockets. 
The  Bishop  of  Autiin  has  published  a  curious  letter  in  which  he 
acknowledges  that  he  has  lately  been  guilty  of  the  vice  of 
gaming,  but  that  he  has  not  won  so  much  as  his  enemies  are 
pleased  to  say. 

The  four  remaining  ships  destined  for  the  West  India  colo- 
nies did  not  leave  Brest  till  the  fifth  of  this  month.  That 
armament  will  cost  Government  near  nine  millions. 

The  curates  whose  conscience  will  not  permit  them  to  take 
the  oath  are  to  be  allowed  500  livres  a  year :  it  is  not  yet 
determined  whether  the  bishops  who  are  in  the  same  predica- 
ment are  to  have  so  much  as  £10,000  a  year:  the  sum  given  to 
those  whose  bishopricks  were  suppressed  upon  the  late  reduc- 
tion of  them. 

The  Prince  of  Conde  has  left  Stutgard  and  is  gone,  it  is 
said,  to  Brunswick. 


Paeis,  February,  18th,  1791. 

According  to  the  instructions  which  I  received  from  your 
Grace,  by  the  last  courier,  I  have  delivered  to  Mr  de  Montmorin 
a  memorial  in  favor  of  the  Tobago  creditors.  I  inclose  an 
answer  to  one  which  I  delivered  to  that  Minister  some  time  ago 
upon  the  subject  of  Claude  Fini  alias  Chameron. 

Five  74  gun  ships,  two  frigates  of  18,  and  nine  of  12  guns, 
with  five  store  ships  having  on  board  twelve  battalions  of 
infantry  is  the  exact  number  of  vessels  that  sailed  for  the  West- 
Indies.  I  reckoned  only  four  of  the  line,  supposing  that  two 
had  sailed  before,  according  to  the  information  which  I  had 
received  from  Mr  de  Montmorin  of  the  intention  of  the  Ministry 
at  that  time :  the  single  ship  which  sailed  then  had  been 
destined  already  for  that  station,  and  was  therefore  fitted  out  at 
the  expence  of  the  ordinary  establishment.  Mr  de  Bougainville 
is  returned  from  Brest,  I  have  good  reason  to  believe,  well 
pleased  at  having  been  able,  though  not  without  much  difficulty, 
to  prevail  upon  the  sailors  and  soldiers  to  embark  upon  that 
expedition;  two  million  one  hundred  thousand  livres  have  been 


TOBACCO    DUTIES.  61 

spent  to  buy  piastres  in  order  to  pay  them  three  months  ad- 
vance in  specie. 

The  King's  commissioners  in  Alsace  leave  no  means  unem- 
ployed in  order  to  effect  their  business  in  that  country:  one  is 
not  surprized  that  they  converted  eight  professors  at  a  theolo- 
gical disputation  when  one  knows  that  they  carried  with  them 
from  hence  arguments  to  the  amount  of  one  million  of  livres; 
they  have  however  been  obliged  to  call  for  the  additional  aid  of 
a  military  force.  The  same  arguments  probably  and  certainly 
the  same  military  aid  have  been  employed  by  the  commissioners 
in  Britanny;  where  twenty  six  parishes  had  united  to  defend 
the  curates  who  had  refused  to  take  the  oath.  The  Bishops  of 
Treguier,  St  Pol  and  Vannes,  who  are  accused  of  instigating 
these  troubles,  are  ordered  de  se  rendre  a  la  suite  de  V Assemhlee 
Nationale.  But  one  of  the  most  effectual  measures  which  have 
been  taken  in  order  to  conciliate  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Alsace  is  the  late  decree  of  the  Assembly  permitting  them  to 
cultivate  tobacco;  a  measure  however  which  will  be  attended 
with  a  considerable  decreace  of  the  revenue.  The  1st  article  of 
this  decree,  the  permission  to  cultivate  tobacco,  subject  to  cer- 
tain duties  on  the  manufacture,  and  sale  of  it,  passed  by  a 
majority  of  ten  only,  the  2d  prohibits  foreign  snuff,  the  3d 
lays  a  duty  on  foreign  tobacco  in  leaves  of  25  livres  pr  quintal, 
excepting  what  is  brought  directly  from  America  in  French 
vessels,  upon  which  three  fourths  only  of  that  duty  is  laid;  it  is 
referred  to  the  committee  of  contributions  whether  the  duty 
should  be  lessened  in  the  same  manner  upon  tobacco  from  the 
Levant.  The  4th  allows  tobacco  in  leaves  to  be  stored,  for  a 
year,  in  the  ware-houses  of  the  Begie  and  to  be  re-exported  duty 
free.  The  5th  which  taxes  the  manufacture  is  adjourned,  the 
6th  establishes  a  Regie  Nationale  subject  to  the  same  duties  as 
private  manufactories. 

Another  decrease  of  the  revenue,  the  diminishing  the  duties 
on  the  entrance  of  towns,  is  not  yet  decided  upon :  many  mem- 
bers of  the  Assembly  object  to  the  plan  of  the  committee  and 
are  of  opinion  to  take  them  entirely  off.  The  duties  on  spiri- 
tuous liquors,  a  considerable  branch  of  the  revenue,  is  no  longer 
to  exist. 


62  FEBRUARY,   1791. 

The  tradesmen's  companies  are  abolished  which  will  cost 
the  public  a  very  large  sum  in  indemnifications.  I  inclose  a 
state  of  the  public  expences  for  1791  published  in  the  name  of 
the  committee  of  finances. 

In  order,  in  some  degree,  to  supply  these  various  diminu- 
tions of  the  public  revenue,  it  is  decreed  that  all  merchants 
tradesmen  manufacturers  &c.  shall  be  obliged  to  take  out  a 
licence,  the  price  of  which  is  to  be  in  proportion  to  the  rent  of 
their  house  or  shop  and  according  to  their  trade ;  those  of  luxury 
are  rated  the  highest  and  those  that  are  absolutely  necessary 
the  lowest,  bakers  for  instance  are  to  pay  but  half  the  common 
price. 

A  decree  of  the  Assembly  has  taken  from  Mr  and  Mme  de 
Polignac  their  estate  of  Fenetranges,  bought  by  those  of  the 
Crown  with  money,  Avhich  it  appears  was  given  them  by  his 
Majesty  for  that  purpose,  and  has  sentenced  them  to  refund 
800000  livres  given  them  also  by  the  King  during  the  adminis- 
tration of  Mr  de  Calonne,  whom  they  have  declared  answerable 
for  the  whole  payment.  This  decree  among  many  others  prove 
the  violence  of  party.  Mesdames  continue  to  declare  their 
intention  of  leaving  this  country,  altho'  after  the  remonstrance 
that  has  been  made  to  the  Assembly  by  32  sections  of  Paris 
against  their  journey,  and  the  general  impression  that  it  has 
made  in  the  country  it  is  difficult  to  say  how  they  can  venture 
to  put  their  intention  into  execution. 

I  find  that  I  was  misinformed  with  regard  to  the  Prince  of 
Cond^  who  I  understand  is,  or  at  least  was  very  lately,  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Stutgard.  Mr  de  Calonne  has  past  a  few 
days  at  Vienna  and  is  now  at  Venice. 

The  King  and  Queen  of  Naples,  and  it  is  said  the  Emperor 
purpose  to  go  to  Italy  in  the  beginning  of  the  next  month. 
Madame  du  Barry,  who  has  been  robbed  of  jewels  to  the  amount 
of  near  fifty  thousand  pounds  sterling  has  heard  that  some  of 
them  have  been  offered  to  be  sold  in  London;  she  left  this 
place  yesterday  in  order  to  endeavour  to  regain  them.  It  appears 
that  they  were  stolen  by  a  gang  of  eleven  people  whose  next 
attempt  was  to  have  been  upon  the  jewels  of  the  Queen  of 
France. 


THE    king's   aunts.  63 

From  the  complexion  of  things  I  shall  not  be  surprized  if  I 
shall  have  to  inform  your  Grace  that  the  Cardinal  Bishop  of 
Sens  is  elected  to  the  See  of  Paris, 


Paris,  February  20th,  1791. 

The  King's  aunts  left  their  country  house  at  Bellevue 
last  night  at  ten  o'clock  on  their  way  to  Italy  and  have  since 
been  heard  of  at  Fontainebleau :  it  is  supposed  they  will  reach 
Auxerre  this  day.  A  party  of  people  chiefly  Poissardes  arrived 
at  Bellevue  about  an  hour  after  their  departure  and  have 
stopped  their  baggage. 

Accounts  have  been  received  from  Geneva  of  disturbances 
in  that  place  the  country  people  having  approached  the  town 
in  a  manner  that  alarmed  the  inhabitants,  the  gates  were  shut 
upon  them  and  they  have  been  obliged  to  retreat. 

The  Assembly  has  decreed  that  after  the  first  of  May  next 
all  droits  d'entree  des  villes  shall  cease. 


Paris,  February  25th,  1791. 

The  departure  of  the  King's  aunts  has  been  the  cause 
of  two  considerable  mobs,  but  which,  owing  to  the  vigilance  of 
Mr  la  Fayette,  have  been  attended  with  no  bad  consequences. 
The  first  gave  me  an  opportunity  of  being  witness  to  great 
firmness  and  presence  of  mind  in  the  King's  brother,  I  happened 
to  dine,  on  Tuesday  \  at  the  Luxembourg  with  a  company  which 

1  Bertrand  dc  Molleville  gives  the  following  account  of  this  event  iii.  35.  "It 
was  rumoured  that  Monsieur  the  King's  brother  also  intended  to  leave  Paris 
accompanied  by  Madame.  It  was  to  this  Prince  Barnave  alluded  in  his  motion. 
An  immense  mob,  chiefly  composed  of  women,  set  out  for  the  Luxembourg,  and 
a  large  detachment  of  them  after  some  slight  resistance  made  their  way  into  the 
Palace  and  were  introduced  into  Monsieur's  apartments,  where  they  expressed 
the  uneasiness  of  the  people  and  solicited  him  not  to  go  away.  IMonsieur 
declared  to  them  that  it  never  had  been  his  intention  to  separate  himself  from 
the  King  and  that  he  would  never  quit  his  majesty.  So  solemn  an  assurance 
excited  the  liveliest  acclamation  of  joy  and  Monsieur,  immediately  setting  out 
with  Madame  to  go  to  the  Tuileries,  was  accompanied  thither  by  the  whole  mob." 


64  FEBRUARY,   1791. 

was  honored  by  his  presence :  while  we  were  at  coffee,  one  of 
his  attendants,  with  signs  of  the  greatest  alarm,  rushed  into  the 
room  and  informed  us  that  the  mob  threatened  to  force  their 
way  into  the  Petit  Luxembourg^  where  Monsieur  resides,  de- 
claring that  they  were  certain  that  he  intended  to  quit  Paris 
that  night :  he  immediately  without  the  least  signs  of  emotion 
gave  orders  for  a  deputation  to  be  admitted  into  the  court, 
where  he  went  and  informed  them  that  they  were  perfectly 
mistaken,  and  at  the  same  time  gave  them  his  word  of  honor 
that  he  would  not  leave  the  kingdom  at  present.  This  deputa- 
tion consisted  entirely  of  women.  Having  done  this,  he  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Thuileries,  where  he  goes  regularly  every  Tuesday, 
in  order  to  attend  the  Jeu  de  la  Reine,  accompanied  on  this 
occasion  by  a  troop  of  Foissardes  and  populace.  When  Mon- 
sieur entered  the  gates  the  guard  endeavoured,  but  in  vain,  to 
prevent  their  following  him  into  the  court ;  upon  this  Mr  la 
Fayette  ordered  the  cavalry  to  force  them  out  of  it,  Mr  Bailly 
and  some  municipal  officers  arrived  at  that  instant  and  insisted 
upon  their  sheathing  their  swords,  but  informed  the  mob  that, 
if  they  did  not  retire,  it  would  be  impossible  for  them  any 
longer  to  prevent  the  guards  from  firing  upon  them :  this  had 
the,  desired  effect  I  they  retired,  and  Monsieur  was  suffered  to 
return  quietly  to  the  Luxembourg.  I  understand  that  Mr  de  la 
Fayette  complains  much  of  Mr  Bailly's  want  of  resolution,  last 
night  when  the  latter  was  giving  a  circumstantial  account  of 
the  different  disturbances  to  his  Majesty  the  King  was  heard 
to  say :  It  is  impossible  to  continue  to  act  any  longer  in  this 
manner,  something  must  be  done  !  or  Avords  to  that  effect.  The 
disturbance  of  yesterday,  which  ended  in  the  same  manner  as 
the  former,  was  owing  to  a  request  from  Mesdames  to  the 
National  Assembly  for  a  passport ;  they  are  stopt  at  Arnay  le 
due,  a  sorry  town  in  Burgundy,  by  the  Commune  of  that  place. 
Upon  a  motion  of  Mr  Mirabeau  the  Assembly  has  decreed  that, 
considering  that  no  law  of  the  kingdom  forbids  Mesdames  from 
travelling  il  ny  a  lieu  a  deliherer  and  refers  that  affair  to  the 


1   Monsieur  resided  in   a   small   pavilion   of    the    petit  Luxembourg  now 
occupied  by  the  Secretaire  du  Senat, 


("AMP   OF   JALES.  G5 

executive  power.  The  manner^  in  which  tlie  hrst  opposition 
to  their  passage  at  Moret  was  overcome  is  much  blamed  and 
the  person  who  is  responsible  for  the  orders  given  to  the 
Chasseurs  will  suffer  under  the  lash  of  the  popular  party. 
Mr  de  Montmorin  who  commands  at  Fontainebleau  is  a  near 
relation  of  the  minister. 

The  National  Guard  of  L' Orient  with  the  assistance  of  150 
soldiers  of  the  regiment  of  Walsh  have  quieted  the  peasants  in 
Britanny.  Above  eighty  of  them  have  been  taken  prisoners, 
the  number  of  killed  is  uncertain  but  it  amounts  at  least  to 
between  twenty  and  thirty. 

In  Alsace  also  every  thing  is  quiet  four  hundred  regular 
troops  have  entered  Colmar,  and  the  military  preparations  in 
that  province  prove  that  Government  has  no  great  confidence 
in  the  continuance  of  tranquillity  in  that  (|uarter. 

The  palace  of  the  Elector  of  Mayence  is  prepared  as  a 
residence  it  is  said  for  the  Prince  of  Conde  who  declares  his 
resolution  of  entering  France  with  an  armed  force  whenever  an 
opportunity  shall  offer. 

The  Comte  d'Artois  it  is  expected  will  return  to  Turin. 

Your  Grace  will  recollect  the  Confederation  encamped  at 
Jales  in  the  Cevennes,  which  was  dispersed  by  a  decree  of  the 
Assembly  in  the  month  of  August;  the  camp  however  has 
always  subsisted,  and  is  now  composed  of  about  eight  thousand 
men.  To  that  camp,  after  the  late  affair  at  Uzes,  where  the 
dragoons  at  last  restored  tranquillity  but  not  without  some 
bloodshed,  the  Catholics  and  discontented  have  retired,  for 
those  skirmishes  in  the  south  which  pass  merely  for  disputes 
lietween  the  Catholics  and  Protestants  are  in  fact  engagements 
between  the  enemies  and  friends  to  the  present  constitution. 
The  activity  of  Mr  Du  Portail,  seconded  by  a  decree  of  the 
Assembly,  will  probably  tind  force  sufficient  to  make  head 
against  that  otherwise  very  formidable  body  of  men.  The  ac- 
counts from  Toulouse  are  very  unfavorable  to  the  present  system. 

The  Republic  of  Geneva  suffers  much  from  the  neighbour- 
hood of  France,  and  the  contagion  of  the  principles  at  present 
in  fashion  in  this  country.     The  late  attack  upon  the  town  by 

'  The  gates  were  foiceJ  open  by  tlicir  escort. 
G.  c.  5 


C6  FEBRUARY,    1791. 

the  peasants,  chiefly  from  the  Pays  de  Gex  and  probably 
excited  by  a  correspondence  with  the  Jacobins  and  certainly 
encouraged  by  those  called  natifs  who  are  mostly  descended  from 
strangers  and  consequently  have  not  the  droits  de  bourgeoisie, 
had  nearly  overturned  the  constitution  of  that  town.  Mr  de 
Roverai  who  governs  the  popular  opinion  within  the  town, 
having  shewn  himself  in  opposition  to  the  peasants,  saved  the 
republic.  Fresh  concessions  and  droits  de  bourgeoisie  granted 
even  to  the  natives  of  a  certain  standing  they  flatter  themselves 
will  preserve  the  present  Government. 

Three  of  the  principal  people  employed  in  the  Bank  of 
Vienna  having  been  detected  in  forging  notes  on  that  bank 
and  informed  against  by  the  Austrian  Minister  have  fled  to 
Huningue  in  Alsace :  the  municipal  officers  secured  their 
persons  and  papers,  Mr  de  Lessart  gave  orders  for  the  delivery 
of  the  prisoners  into  the  hands  of  those  who  were  appointed  to 
receive  them  by  the  Austrian  Minister ;  but,  upon  their  appeal- 
ing to  the  tribunal  of  Alkirch,  that  body  decided  that  they 
should  remain  in  prison  till  the  demand  should  be  laid  before 
the  National  Assembly,  and,  having  learnt  that  the  Comit^ 
Diplomatique  were  deliberating  upon  that  business  they  forbad 
the  municipalit}^  to  obey  the  orders  of  the  minister. 

The  Assembly  has  referred  this  affair  to  a  fresh  examination 
of  the  united  Comites  de  Constitution  et  Diplomatique  in  order 
to  form  a  decree  upon  the  necessary  formalities  for  the  restitu- 
tion of  fugitives  reclaimed  by  foreign  powers. 


Pahis,  3Iarch  ith,  1791. 

A  Mr  de  Court,  a  gentleman  from  the  West  Indies, 
having  by  accident  let  fall  from  under  his  coat  a  short  couteau 
de  chasse  in  the  Queens  appartment  at  the  Thnilleries  last  Mon- 
day morning^  was  the  cause  of  the  extraordinary  scene  which 
passed  there  on  that  evening.  On  the  Tuesday  and  Thursday 
preceding  when,  on  account  of  the  mobs  that  surrounded  the 
palace,  it  was  supposed  that  the  persons  of  the  Royal  Family 

1  Feb.  28. 


JOUR   DES   POIGNARDS.  67 

might  be  in  danger,  many  gentlemen,  from  motives  of  duty  or 
principle,  went  to  the  royal  apartments,  and  being  in  haste 
were  of  course  in  undress,  but,  as  it  is  usual  at  present,  had 
pistols  in  their  pockets,  and  many  had  short  couteaux  de  chasse 
or  daggers,  in  so  doing  they  shewed  greater  marks  of  zeal  than 
prudence,  it  being  contrary  to  law  to  enter  the  palace  thus 
armed.  On  account  of  what  had  happened  in  the  morning,  the 
National  Guard  thought  themselves  entitled  to  search  the  per- 
sons of  those  who  had  arrived  that  evening :  the  search  was 
very  productive  ;  many  baskets  being  soon  filled  with  pistols 
and  daggers  :  this  however  was  not  done  w^ithout  violent  op- 
position from  the  wearers  of  them,  some  of  whom  declared 
they  would  sooner  die  than  give  up  their  arms:  the  King,  seeing 
the  danger  of  this  resolution,  laid  his  commands  upon  them  to 
deliver  them  up,  saying  that  he  would  be  defended  only  by  the 
National  Guard.  Some  of  those  who  w^ere  most  obstinate  have 
been  sent  to  prison,  many  have  suffered  much  from  the  ill- 
treatment  of  the  soldiers.  The  measure  was  right,  the  means 
were  undoubtedly  wrong. 

In  the  midst  of  this  scene  of  danger  to  all  present,  for  had 
any  one  pistol  gone  off  by  accident  a  massacre  must  have 
ensued,  Mr  de  la  Fayette  arrived  from  Vincennes\  He  thanked 
the  Guard  for  their  conduct  and  congratulated  them  that  for 
the  future  there  would  not  be  a  body  of  men  between  their 
Sovereign  and  them.  The  next  day  he  signified  in  writing, 
the  language  of  which  is  curious  on  account  of  the  novelty  of 
some  of  the  expressions,  that  he  had  given  his  Majesty's  orders 
to  the  chefs  de  la  domesticite,  a  new  term  for  the  chief  officers 
of  the  household,  to  prevent  the  introduction  of  arms  into  the 
palace ;  it  being  the  will  of  the  King  of  the  Constitution  to  be 
guarded  only  by  the  soldiers  of  liberty. 

The  King's  person  is  now  completely  in  the  hands  of  Mr 
de  la  Fayette:  the  Government  of  the  kingdom  seems  to  be 
going  fast  into  those  of  Mr  de  Mirabeau,  whose  conduct  since 

1  Some  repairs  having  been  undertaken  at  the  Chateau  of  Vincenues  the 
people  were  afraid  lest  it  should  be  converted  into  a  new  Bastille.  They 
therefore  marched  from  Paris  and  began  to  demolish  it.  Lafayette  had  great 
difficulty  in  quelling  the  tumult. 

5—2 


68  MARCH,   1791. 

his  presidency  and  his  election  as  one  of  the  administrators 
of  the  department  of  Paris  has  been  much  and  deservedly 
applauded.  His  avowed  opposition  to  Barnave,  the  Lameths, 
and  the  thirty  who  follow  them  implicitly  per  fas  et  nefas,  has 
conciliated  to  him  the  minds  of  the  friends  of  Government  and 
the  lovers  of  peace,  who  flatter  themselves  that  his  great 
talents  may  at  last  prove  of  service  to  his  country. 

In  the  mean  time  anarchy  and  insubordination,  encouraged 
equally  by  the  aristocratical  and  democratical  factions  continue 
to  prevail.  The  late  affair  at  Vincennes  serves  to  prove  how 
easily  and  upon  what  weak  pretences  a  very  formidable  mob 
may  be  raised. 

The  accounts  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Jales  state  that 
the  department  is  collecting  very  considerable  forces  of  regular 
troops  and  National  Guard,  which  they  doubt  not  will  soon 
disperse  that  dangerous  assemblage  of  fanatics  and  discontented 
people.  In  Alsace,  a  fresh  conspiracy  is  thought  to  have  been 
discovered :  a  deserter  having  addrest  himself  to  a  Mr  Defresney, 
a  secretary  of  the  Cardinal  de  Rohan,  in  order  to  obtain  his 
pardon  and  leave  to  return  to  France,  was  intrusted  by  him 
with  a  letter  for  the  Abbe  d'Ezmar ;  the  contents  of  which 
and  the  soldiers  confession  have  caused  the  Assembly  to  order 
Mr  Defresney  and  his  son  to  be  brought  prisoners  to  Paris. 
I  shall  not  be  surprised  if  it  should  turn  out  to  be  a  forgery. 
I  inclose  to  your  Grace  a  copy  of  the  letter. 

The  municipality  of  Arnay  le  due,  not  trusting  to  Mr  de 
L'Essarts  letter,  would  not  allow  Mesdames  to  leave  their  town 
till  they  had  received  an  answer  from  some  deputies,  whom 
they  had  sent  to  Paris  to  enquire  into  the  truth  of  things;  as 
that  answer  must  now  be  arrived  they  have  probably  proceeded 
on  their  journey. 

The  Assembly  has  decreed  that  no  tobacco  is  to  be  imported 
by  sea  except  directly  from  the  United  States,  the  Spanish 
Colonies,  Russia  and  the  Levant ;  that  from  America  either  in 
American  or  French  vessels,  the  Spanish  in  Spanish  or  French, 
that  from  the  Ukraine  in  Russian  or  French,  and  that  from  the 
Levant  in  French  vessels  only.  Foreign  tobacco  in  leaf  is 
allowed  to  be  brought  into  the  kingdom  at  Strasbourg,  Valen- 


ILLNESS   OF   THE   KING.  69 

ciennes  and  Lille  paying  a  duty  of  25  livres  per  quintal.  The 
same  duty  is  laid  upon  all  that  is  imported  in  American, 
Spanish  or  Russian  vessels;  18  livres  15  sols  upon  what  is 
brought  in  French  vessels.  They  have  not  yet  fixt  the  duty 
upon  tobacco  the  produce  of  their  own  colonies. 

They  have  laid  a  duty  of  70  livres  per  quintal  upon  foreign 
linen  cloth ;  upon  that  imported  by  land  from  Austrian  Flanders 
and  Germany  36  livres ;  and  upon  fine  linen  45. 

Upon  oils  and  soap  the  duty  is  to  be  6  livres. 

Mr  le  Chev.  de  Ternant,  who  has  been  negotiating  in 
Germany,  is  appointed  minister  to  the  United  States.  Mr  de 
Ste  Croix  goes  to  Poland. 


Paeis,  March  Uth,  1791. 

The  King  of  France,  naturally  of  a  full  habit  of  body, 
has  never  been  sufficiently  abstemious  in  his  diet ;  but,  while  he 
resided  at  Versailles,  a  constant  course  of  hard  exercise  pre- 
vented the  bad  effects  which  an  excess  of  food  would  otherwise 
have  produced :  at  Paris  he  has  been  debarred  the  advantage 
of  exercise ;  to  this  cause  and  perhaps,  in  some  degree,  to 
agitation  of  mind  in  consequence  of  what  happened  lately  at 
the  Thuilleries,  is  to  be  attributed  a  fever  under  which  he  has 
suffered  for  some  days  past.  On  Sunday^  we  were  informed 
that,  on  account  of  a  slight  indigestion,  his  Majesty  could  not 
see  us,  but  on  Tuesday  the  disorder  had  risen  to  an  alarming 
height,  and  on  Wednesday  his  throat  was  so  swelled  that  he 
articulated  with  the  greatest  difficulty.  The  fever  is  since 
considerably  abated  and  there  is  every  reason  to  suppose  that 
he  is  now  out  of  danger.  Those,  eight  in  number,  who  were 
sent  to  prison  for  being  refractory  on  the  28th  at  the  Thuilleries, 
are  to  be  sent  to  Orleans  with  the  rest  of  the  prisoners  at  the 
Abbaye  accused  of  crimes  of  Leze-Nation,  and  to  be  tried  there 

1  March  6.  On  March  9  Montmorin  writes  to  Mkabeau  "ccci  est  una 
maladie  qui  ii  la  veritc  ne  se  pr^sente  pas  sous  un  aspect  tres  grave  mais 
cependant  elle  peut  le  devenir  d'un  moment  h  I'autre."  There  was  considerable 
fever  and  spitting  of  blood. 


70  MARCH,   1791. 

by  the  Tribunal  Provisoire,  which  is  to  be  composed  of  Judges 
elected  by  the  fifteen  districts  nearest  to  Orleans,  and  to  con- 
tinue till  the  formation  of  a  Haute  Cour  Nationale.  There  are 
at  present  not  less  than  eighteen  hundred  prisoners  at  Paris,  but 
it  appears  to  be  the  opinion  of  the  Assembly  that  the  prison 
at  Vincennes  can  be  dispensed  with,  relying  I  suppose  upon  the 
dispatch  of  the  New  Courts  of  Justice,  and  that  it  is  becoming 
a  free  nation,  that  the  towers  of  that  castle  should  suffer  the 
fate  of  the  Bastille ;  in  the  mean  time  the  reparation  of  it  is 
ordered  to  be  stopt. 

The  camp  at  Jales  is  dispersed  almost  without  bloodshed 
and  some  of  the  leaders  are  seized.  The  hopes  of  the  aristocrates 
are  now  turned  towards  Alsace,  where  the  neighbourhood  of 
the  Prince  of  Cond^  keeps  the  minds  of  people  in  agitation. 
A  manifesto  is  soon  expected  from  that  Prince. 

The  Bishop  of  Spires'  answer  to  Mr  de  Groschlag's  second 
letter,  both  of  which  I  inclose,  is  a  curious  specimen  of  good 
humour  and  perseverance.  The  Duke  of  Wirtemberg  is  ex- 
pected here  in  the  course  of  next  week,  to  the  no  small  concern 
of  his  minister  at  this  Court. 

A  great  number  of  bishops  have  been  elected  to  supply  the 
place  of  those  who  have  refused  to  take  the  oath :  the  election 
for  Paris  comes  on  next  Sunday.  The  curate  of  St  Eustache, 
who  is  the  King's  confessor,  will  most  probably  be  chosen.  The 
Cardinal  de  Brienne  is  otherwise  provided  for  and  in  a  manner 
which  equally  proves  the  instability  of  popular  opinion ;  being 
re-elected  bishop^  of  Toulouse. 

The  Assembly  has  decreed  that  the  King  is  to  have  the 
power  of  appointing  and  dismissing  the  Ministers,  who  are  to 
be  six  in  number  :  the  minister  of  Justice,  of  the  Interior, 
of  the  Colonies,  of  War,  of  the  Marine,  and  of  Foreign  Affairs. 
The  finances  are  to  be  administered  by  a  board  consisting  of 
six  members  who  are  to  preside  in  turn  for  the  space  of  a  month. 
Such  is  the  precarious  state  of  the  colonies  that  the  Assembly 
was  afraid  of  admitting  at  the  bar  a  deputation  des  gens  de 
couleur. 

The  law  against  emigrants,  against  those  at  least  who  do 

^  Lomenie  de  Brienne  was  Archbishop  of  Toulouse. 


THE   KING   WELL   AGAIN.  71 

not  come  under  the  denomination  of  fonctionaires  publics,  has 
met  with  so  much  opposition,  both  in  the  committee  and  the 
Assembly  that,  unless  some  fresh  popular  motive  shall  occur, 
it  will  probably  be  dropt. 


Paris,  March  18th,  1791. 

The  King  is  so  far  recovered  from  his  late  indisposition 
that  no  bulletin's  have  been  given  out  since  Wednesday.  There 
was  a  general  illumination  last  night,  by  desire  of  the  muni- 
cipality ;  on  Sunday  there  will  be  another  and  Te  Deum  will 
be  sung  in  the  cathedral,  at  which  the  new  bishop  will  officiate: 
although  the  King's  recovery  is  the  ostensible  reason  the  election 
of  the  bishop  has  a  great  share  in  these  proceedings. 

It  is  difficult  to  discover  what  virtues  or  talents  have  raised 
the  Bishop  of  Lydda^  in  partibus  infidelium  to  the  See  of  Paris. 
His  appearance  at  the  Jacobins  immediately  after  his  election 
and  before  which  he  was  not  a  member  of  that  club  is  highly 
censured  by  all  those  who  are  not  blinded  by  party. 

The  desire  of  quiet  was  the  cause  of  the  Cardinal's  election 
to  that  of  Toulouse  which  his  refusal  will  probably  disturb. 

In  my  dispatch,  No  6,  I  mentioned  the  demand  of  six 
millions  which  the  municipality  of  Paris  had  made  to  the 
National  Assembly  and  which  I  erroneously  supposed  to  have 
been  granted :  on  the  contrary,  they  have  taken  all  this  time 
to  consider  the  subject,  and  have  allowed  only  three  millions, 
one  to  be  paid  upon  the  publication  of  the  decree,  another  on 
the  lOtli  of  April  and  the  third  on  the  10th  of  May. 

By  taking  away  the  Clermontois  from  the  Prince  of  Condd 
they  have  reduced  his  income  to  300,000  Irs.  a  year. 

They  have  decided  the  great  business  of  the  contributions. 
By  the  contribution  mobiliaire  they  are  to  raise,  for  this  year, 
G6  millions ;  60  of  which  for  the  Treasury,  3  at  the  disposal  of 
the  Legislature  and  3  at  that  of  the  Administrations  of  Depart- 
ment. The  contribution  foncifere  is  to  amount  to  240  millions, 
all  of  which  is  to  be  paid  into  the  treasury :  nobody  however 

1  The  Abbe  Gobet. 


72  MARCH,   1791. 

is  to  be  rated  at  more  than  a  sixth  of  his  clear  income :  besides 
this  a  certain  number  of  sols  in  the  livre,  not  exceeding  four, 
are  to  be  raised,  forming  a  fonds  de  non  valeur  of  12  millions, 
8  of  which  for  the  Legislature  and  4  for  the  Administrations 
of  Department. 

I  send  your  Grace  inclosed  a  printed  copy  of  an  avis  requi- 
sitorial  of  the  Diet  of  Eatisbonne  and  the  Prince  de  la  Tour- 
Taxis's  answer  which  made  their  apjDearance  here  on  Wednesday 
and  have  occasioned  no  small  degree  of  uneasiness.  The  Comitd 
Diplomatique  having  desired  Mr  de  Montmorin  to  inform  them 
what  he  knew  about  it  received  for  answer  that  he  had  no 
official  knowledge  of  any  such  papers  and  that  the  context  of 
them  was  not  in  the  usual  form;  he  added  that,  after  having 
considered  the  matter,  he  had  every  reason  to  suppose  that  they 
were  forged  and,  that  without  doubt,  Mr  Berenger,  the  French 
minister  at  the  Diet  would  not  have  failed  to  communicate  to 
him  those  papers  had  they  been  authentick.  In  a  letter,  he 
wrote  to  the  Assembly  some  days  before,  he  informed  them  that 
four  of  the  Princes,  the  Duke  of  Deuxponts  and  his  brother, 
the  Duke  of  Wirtemberg,  who  is  arrived  here,  and  the  Prince 
of  Linange  had  agreed  to  enter  into  a  negotiation,  that  the  rest 
were  endeavouring  to  obtain  the  protection  of  the  Emperor 
and  Empire  and  that  their  reclamations  had  occasioned  much 
fermentation  at  Patisbonne ;  he,  at  the  same  time  said  that, 
as  the  suppression  of  the  diocesan  and  metropolitan  jurisdictions 
were  not  susceptible  of  any  negotiation,  it  was  to  be  hoped 
that  time  and  reason  would  make  them  drop  those  reclamations, 
to  which  the  new  constitution  would  not  allow  them  to  have 
any  regard. 

The  fleet,  which  has  been  in  the  roads  during  the  whole 
winter  has  entered  into  the  harbour  of  Brest  having  suffered 
considerably  by  the  frequent  storms.  The  department  having 
announced  to  the  Assembly  that  the  persons  in  prison  on 
account  of  the  disturbance  at  the  Thuilleries  had  no  accusers, 
the  Assembly  passed  to  the  order  of  the  day  and  the  prisoners 
are  released. 


QUESTION   OF   REGENCY.  73 


Paris,  3Iarch  25th,  1791. 


The  King  is  entirely  recovered  from  his  late  indis- 
position. 

It  is  now  certain  that  the  avis  requisitorial  is  not  authentic. 
The  authenticity  of  the  inclosed  letter  from  the  Pope  to  the 
Cardinal  de  Brienne  is  doubted  by  some  people,  I  believe  how- 
ever that  it  is  genuine :  but  it  is  generally  believed  that  his 
letter  to  the  King  is  arrived ;  in  which  he  declares  that  if  the 
present  civil  constitution  of  the  clergy  continues  he  shall  con- 
sider France  as  separated  from  the  Catholic  Church.  He  seems 
to  have  omitted  no  argument  that  can  favor  his  cause,  for  his 
letter  is  said  to  consist  of  102  pages. 

The  neAv  Bishop  of  Paris,  having  been  refused  institution 
both  by  the  Cardinal  Bishop  of  Sens,  to  whom  he  applied  in 
person,  and  by  the  Bishop  of  Orleans,  from  whom  he  little 
expected  a  refusal,  has  appealed  to  the  directoire  du  departe- 
ment,  which  body,  if  one  may  judge  from  the  general  sentiments 
of  its  members  would  easily  be  induced  to  dispense  with  that 
ceremony.  The  late  Bishop  of  Autun  can,  if  it  thought 
necessary,  make  that  matter  easy.  A  decree  to  regulate  future 
regencies  has  been  the  chief  business  in  the  Assembly  during 
this  week.  In  case  of  a  minority  the  regency  is  to  devolve  to 
the  nearest  relation  on  the  male  side,  provided  he  is  a  French- 
man, that  he  inhabits  the  kingdom,  that  he  has  taken  the  civic 
oath,  and  is  not  a  presumptive  heir  of  another  crown. 

(Women  are  excluded :  the  mother  however  is  to  be  the 
guardian.) 

In  case  of  failure  of  any  relation  answering  this  description 
a  regent  is  to  be  elected  by  a  body  of  electors  chosen  by  the 
people  for  that  purpose.  The  Marechal  de  Broglio  having 
written  from  Treves  expressing  his  surprize  at  his  son's  motion 
in  the  Assembly  with  regard  to  him  and  contradicting  in  strong 
terms  what  he  said  upon  that  occasion  places  the  Prince  de 
Broglio's  conduct  in  a  ridiculous  light. 

On  a  motion  of  Mr  de  Mirabeau,  a  deputation,  of  which  he 
was  one,  was  sent  to  Mr  Da  Portail  to  know  if  it  were  true 
that  there  were  but  7000  men  in  the  department  of  the  Lower 


74  MARCH,   1791. 

Rhine  and  2000  in  that  of  the  Upper.  They  brought  for 
answer  that  in  the  two  departments  there  were  between  9  and 
10  thousand,  but,  that  about  the  loth  of  April  they  would 
amount  to  about  12  thousand  infantry  and  4  thousand  cavalry. 
The  minister  has  since  said  that  he  was  misunderstood,  that  he 
meant  to  say  there  were  but  8  or  9  thousand  in  the  department 
of  the  Lower  Rhine.  That,  in  the  beginning  of  March,  there 
were  12  thousand  8  hundred  men  and  that  in  two  months  there 
will  be  twenty  thousand.  Mr  de  Mirabeau  seems  to  wish  to 
prove  that  he  alone  can  be  an  efficient  minister. 

It  appears  that  the  sale  of  the  church  lands  amounts,  at 
the  present  time,  to  above  two  hundred  millions. 

The  municipal  officers  of  Douay,  who  were  sentenced  by 
the  Assembly  to  be  carried  prisoners  to  Orleans  for  having  re- 
fused to  proclaim  martial  law,  during  the  late  riots  in  their 
town,  had,  as  it  is  natural  to  suppose  it  would  happen  and  as 
it  has  always  happened  in  the  like  cases,  left  the  country  before 
the  arrival  of  the  decree. 

The  troubles  continue  in  Martinico. 


Paris,  April  1st,  1791. 

By  a  late  decree  of  the  Assembly,  all  fonctionaires  publics 
are  obliged  to  residence  unless  it  is  dispensed  Avith  by  the  body 
of  which  they  are  members,  by  their  superiors  or  by  the  corps 
administratifs. 

The  King,  premier  fonctionaire  public,  cannot  absent  himself 
above  20  leagues  from  the  place  where  the  legislative  body  is 
sitting,  but,  when  it  is  not  sitting,  he  may  go  into  any  part 
of  the  kingdom.  If  he  should  leave  the  kingdom  and  not 
return  after  a  proclamation  to  that  purpose  by  the  legislative 
body  it  is  to  be  understood  that  he  has  abdicated  the  crown. 

The  presumptive  heir  of  the  crown  may,  with  the  King's 
permission,  travel  in  any  part  of  the  kingdom,  but  he  cannot 
go  out  of  it  without  the  authority  of  a  decree  of  the  Assembly. 

Mr  Cernon  having  stated  that  the  deficit  for  the  three  first 
months  of  this  year  amounted  to  above  seventy-four  millions 


LER    POISSARDES.  75 

moved  that  one  hundred  and  twenty-nine  millions  should  be 
verse  dans  le  tresor  public  but  he  could  obtain  only  fifty. 

I  send,  by  this  messenger,  Mr  Dufresne's  ajypergu  des  recettes 
et  depenses  for  this  year,  and  also  a  tcmf  general  des  droits 
d'entrees  et  de  sorties. 

An  impudent  publication  made  its  appearance  yesterday, 
which  I  inclose  in  order  to  have  your  Grace's  real  instructions. 

There  is  something  in  the  Pope's  letter,  which  certainly 
arrived  on  the  20th,  which  prevents  the  Ministry  from  making 
it  public;  it  is  said  that  the  conduct  of  the  late  Bishop  of 
Autun  is  extremely  censured  in  it  and  that  they  have  sent  to 
Rome  to  desire  a  letter  more  fit  for  publication  in  the  present 
circumstances. 

The  Bishop  of  Sens's  return  of  his  Cardinal's  hat  has  re- 
stored to  him  that  degree  of  popularity  which  his  refusal  to 
give  institution  to  the  bishops  would  otherwise  have  taken 
from  him.  I  inclose  his  letter  to  the  Pope  in  answer  to  that 
which  I  sent  to  your  Grace  last  week  and  for  the  publication  of 
which  we  are  indebted  to  the  Abbe  Maury. 

I  yesterday  had  a  singular  proof  of  the  degree  of  licence 
which  the  inhabitants  of  this  country  at  present  enjoy.  Having 
gone  after  dinner  to  make  a  visit  to  Mr  de  Montmorin  I  was 
surprized,  at  my  entrance  into  the  drawing  room,  to  see  it 
uncommonly  full  of  company,  and  my  surprize  was  considerably 
increased  when  I  perceived  that  the  female  part  of  it  consisted 
of  those  ladies  who  in  this  town  go  under  the  denomination  of 
dames  de  la  halle  or  poissardes:  they  were  at  that  moment 
taking  leave  of  the  minister  with  the  most  cordial  embraces, 
having  already  performed  that  ceremony  to  most  of  the  corps 
diplomatique  who  had  the  misfortune  of  dining  there  and  of 
the  newly  appointed  foreign  ministers,  which  appointment  is 
very  much  condemned  by  the  Jacobins,  although  their  secretary 
Mr  de  Bonne  Carrere  is  included  in  it.  Mr  de  Segur  goes 
Ambassador  to  Rome  and  is  succeeded  at  Petersburg  by  Mr 
d'Osmond  who  was  appointed  last  year  to  go  to  the  Hague, 
where  Mr  do  Gouvernet,  son  to  Mr  de  la  Tour  du  Pin  is  to  go. 
Mr  de  Vibraye  goes  Ambassador  to  Sweden  and  is  succeeded  at 
Dresden  by  Mr  de  Montesquieu,  son  to  the  late  President  of  the 


76  APRIL,  1791. 

National  Assembly.  Mr  de  Darfort  changes  his  mission  at 
Florence,  where  there  is  no  longer  to  be  a  minister,  for  the 
embassy  at  Venice  in  the  room  of  Mr  de  Bombelle  who  refused 
to  take  the  oath.  All  these  except  Mr  de  Segur  who  is  of  no 
party,  are,  if  not  aristocrats,  impartiaux  and  of  the  persuasion 
of  the  club  of  1789.  But  to  sum  up  the  whole,  Mr  de  Bonne 
Carrere,  a  gentleman  of  whom  I  believe  your  Grace  has  some 
knowledge,  as  he  has  been  more  than  once  in  England,  a 
man  of  an  intriguing  spirit  and  not  without  abilities,  is  to  go  to 
Liege. 

The  Count  Oraczewski  is  arrived  here  in  the  capacity  of 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  from  the 
King  and  the  Kepublic  of  Poland. 

A  man  possessing  the  greatest  talents,  which,  if  accom- 
panied with  good  principles,  might  have  rendered  him  not  only 
an  ornament  of  the  age  but  the  saver  of  his  country  was  this 
morning^  cut  off  in  the  midst  of  his  career  of  ambition  by 
a  putrid  fever.  The  Jacobins  will  no  longer  be  curbed  by 
Mirabeau  and  the  friends  of  Government  will  feel  the  loss  of 
his  abilities,  for,  as  Mr  de  Montmorin  well  observed  to  me 
yesterday,  men  of  great  talents  without  principle  may  be  of 
service  to  their  country,  but  little  talents  with  little  intrigues 
are  sure  to  be  the  bane  of  it. 

A  disturbance  at  Toulouse  has  caused  the  death  of  three 
or  four  men  and  is  quelled  for  the  present.  At  Strasburg  the 
minds  of  people  are  in  great  fermentation,  and  the  arrival  of 
imperial  troops  in  the  country  of  Porentrui,  although  only  be- 
tween four  and  five  hundred,  is  looked  upon  with  a  jealous  eye. 

The  inhabitants  of  Avignon  have  voted  themselves  the  84th 
department  of  France. 

The  death  of  Mr  Macnamara  proves  the  unsettled  state  of 
the  Isle  de  France. 

1  Mirabeau  died  on  the  morniug  of  April  2. 


DEATH   OF    MIRABEAU.  77 


Paeis,  A2}ril  8th,  1791. 

Accordingly  to  your  Grace's  instructions  I  have  taken  the 
first  opportunity  of  stating  to  Mr  de  Montmorin  the  motives 
for  the  additional  armament  which  His  Majesty  has  thought 
proper  to  order :  at  the  same  time  I  mentioned  the  anxiety  of 
the  Tobago  proprietors  and  desired  an  answer.  He  said  that 
that  business  was  now  before  Mr  de  Fleurien  and  that  he  would 
inform  him  that  I  had  renewed  my  representation,  he  took 
occasion  to  lament  the  number  of  wheels  that  are  employed 
in  the  complicated  machine  of  the  present  Government  of  this 
country. 

The  death  of  Mr  de  Mirabeau,  which  I  announced  to  your 
Grace  last  Friday,  did  not  take  place  till  the  next  morning. 
It  was  as  remarkable  as  his  life,  and,  though  perhaps  opportune 
for  his  glory,  much  and  sincerely  lamented  by  his  country.  His 
body  was  attended  to  the  grave  by  twenty-eight  thousand 
people,  and  it  may  fairly  be  reckoned  that  three-fourths  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Paris  were  spectators  at  his  funeral.  A  remark- 
able instance  how  easily  vice  may  be  overshadowed  by  a  sense 
of  public  utility. 

The  inspection  of  his  body  by  thirty  physicians  has  entirely 
done  away  a  report  that  was  gaining  ground  that  he  was 
poisoned,  which  was  in  some  degree  corroborated  by  the 
wonderful  manner  in  which  he  retained  his  mental  faculties 
to  the  last  moment  of  his  life. 

The  want  of  his  advice  is  conspicuous  in  the  last  degree 
of  the  Assembly,  which  declares  that  no  member  of  the  present 
or  any  future  Legislature  shall,  till  four  years  after  the  expiration 
of  his  function,  have  any  place  in  the  ministry  or  receive  or 
even  ask  for  any  place  pension  &c.  and,  in  order  I  suppose  to 
render  these  places  less  desirable,  in  a  code  penal  upon  the 
crimes  and  punishments  of  ministers,  the  galleys  and  the 
carcan,  a  sort  of  pillory,  arc  esteemed  a  proper  correction  in 
certain  cases. 

Owing  to  the  great  difficulties  attending  it,  the  question 
about  wills  is  adjourned  sine  die ;  without  one,  children  are  to 
inherit  in  equal  proportions. 


78  APRIL,  1791. 

Mr  d' Andre  and  some  others  are  of  opinion  that  the  great 
business  of  forming  a  constitution  for  this  country  will  be 
finished  in  the  course  of  the  mouth  of  July  and  they  have 
accordingly  proposed  that  the  King  should  take  the  necessary 
steps  for  the  convocation  of  a  new  Legislature. 

The  party  of  the  Lameths  and  Barnave  are  visibly  on  the 
decline.  Charles  Lameth  has  given  a  severe  blow  to  his  popu- 
larity by  refusing  to  attend  a  deputation  to  enquire  after 
Mirabeau's  health,  who,  when  he  heard  it,  said,  Je  le  savois 
maladroit  mats  je  ne  le  croiois  pas  si  bete. 

The  six  commissaires  du  tresor  public  are  named ;  they  are 
Messrs  Lavoisier,  Condorcet,  Tremblay,  de  Vayne,  Rouille  de 
I'Etang,  and  Huber\  The  appointment  of  Mr  de  Condorcet 
was  disapproved  by  all  the  ministers,  but  the  King  said,  Je  le 
veux,  je  Vai  promis  a  Miraheau.  Mr  Huber  is  a  gentleman  of 
Geneva,  connected  with  Mr  Necker,  and  who  has  lived  a  con- 
siderable time  in  England,  where  he  married  an  English  lady 
of  the  name  of  Sturt.  The  decree  which  condemns  the  Cardinal 
de  Rohan  and  his  accomplices  to  be  tried  at  Orleans,  will  serve 
rather  to  increase  than  diminish  the  fermentation  at  Strasbur^. 


Paeis,  April  15th,  1791. 

I  inclose  a  letter  from  Mr  de  Montmorin  to  me  convey- 
ing a  copy  of  a  letter  from  Mr  de  Fleurien  to  him,  by  which 
your  Grace  will  perceive  that  the  business  with  regard  to 
Tobago  rests  entirely  in  the  Committees  of  Commerce  and  the 
Colonies. 

In  the  article  Paris  in  the  inclosed  Gazette  de  France  your 
Grace  will  see  the  means  which  Mr  de  Montmorin  has  taken 
to  disavow  that  impudent  publication,  Memoires  d'lnstruc- 
tions,  &c. 

He  informed  me,  in  the  course  of  conversation,  that  the 
naval  armament  in  England  occasioned  disquietude  in  the 
minds  of  many  people;  that  he  had  been  applied  to  by  the 
members  of  the  Diplomatic  Con:imittee  to  inform  them  what 

^  He  and  his  wife  were  constant  correspondents  of  Lord  Auckland. 


FLAGELLATION    OF   NUNS,  79 

he  knew  concerning  it :  he  answered  that  I  had  notified  it  to 
him  and  that  I  had  told  him  that  it  was  for  the  pur]:)Ose  of 
adding  weight  to  His  Majesty's  representations  and  to  negotia- 
tions the  object  of  which  is  to  procure  a  general  peace  in  EuroiJe. 
The  size  of  the  vessels  which  they  deem  unfit  for  the  Baltic 
gives  occasion  to  various  surmizes ;  and  Mr  de  Montmorin  said 
that  they  might  think  fit  to  encrease  their  armament  at  Brest. 

The  only  remarkable  event  that  has  happened  here  during 
the  course  of  this  week  is  the  flagellation  of  the  Soeurs  Grises 
and  other  nuns,  to  the  amount  of  some  hundreds,  by  the 
Poissardes,  because  they  chose  to  hear  mass  celebrated  by  priests 
who  have  not  taken  the  oath.  Such  is  the  feeble  state  of  the 
police  as  well  as  of  the  Government  that  the  offenders  have 
been  suffered  to  escape  without  punishment.  But  an  Arrets 
du  Directoire,  drawn  up  by  the  Abbe  Si^yes,  it  is  hoped  will 
prevent  such  proceedings  for  the  future  and  the  Koman  Catholic 
religion  will  be  tolerated  in  this  country. 

The  soldiers  of  the  regiment  of  Languedoc  have  seized  the 
military  chest ;  but  people  are  grown  so  accustomed  to  acts 
of  insubordination  that  this  event  is  scarcely  talked  of. 

It  is  reported  that  the  Prince  of  Condd  has  obtained  six 
thousand  men  from  the  Prince  of  Hesse-Cassel  with  which,  and 
about  as  many  more  volunteers  he  is  determined  to  enter 
Alsace. 

The  Duchess  of  Orleans  left  Paris  suddenly  last  Sunday: 
she  is  gone  to  her  father  the  Due  de  Ponthieu  in  Normandy, 
and  it  is  said  that  articles  of  separation  between  her  and  the 
Duke  of  Orleans  are  about  to  bo  drawn  up. 

In  the  present  anarchy,  in  and  out  of  the  Assembly,  it  is 
impossible  for  me  to  give  your  Grace  any  certain  account  of 
the  state  of  parties :  thus  much  however  is  evident,  that  there 
is  a  sett  of  men  whose  object  is  the  total  annihilation  of 
monarchy  however  limited.  The  heads  of  this  party  are : 
Robertspierre,  Pethion,  Buzot,  and  Prieur ;  in  the  other  extreme 
are  Maury  and  Cazales ;  as  for  Barnave  and  the  Lamcths 
their  consequence,  as  a  party,  is  so  much  destroyed  that  they 
are  wavering  whether  they  should  give  themselves  to  the 
llopublieans    or    the    friends    to    a    limited    monarchy.      The 


80  APRIL,   1791. 

present  constitution  has  no  friends  and  cannot  last.  It  remains 
for  the  new  Legislature  to  new  model  it  into  a  genuine  Republic, 
if  the  Republican  party  should  prevail,  or  if  the  other  happen 
to  be  strongest  many  decrees  of  this  Assembly  must  be  annulled 
and  new  ones  substituted  in  order  to  give  some  energy  to  the 
King^  and  the  executive  power, 

I  know  that  Mr  de  la  Marck  has  communicated  to  Mr  de 
Montmorin  some  papers  left  by  Mirabeau  which  may  enable 
him,  if  properly  supported,  to  stem  the  torrent  of  republicanism. 


Paris,  April  22nd,  1791. 

The  extraordinary  events  of  this  week  have  given  mani- 
fest proofs  of  the  absolute  anarchy  under  which  this  country 
labours.  An  endeavour  to  compel  the  King  to  attend  mass 
celebrated  by  priests  who  have  taken  the  oath  has  caused  the 
constitutional  laws  and  liberty  of  the  country  to  be  violated 
by  those  who  were  especially  armed  for  the  defence  of  them : 
for  it  was  the  National  Guard,  not  the  mob,  which  prevented 
the  King  from  going  to  St  Cloud. 

On  Sunday,  it  was  with  the  greatest  difficulty  that  Mr  la 
Fayette  could  persuade  them  to  do  duty  at  the  King's  Chapel: 
during  which  time,  those  who  attempted  to  enter  the  Church 
of  the  Theatins,  where  the  late  curate  of  St  Sulpice  was  to 
officiate,  were  threatened  with  the  fashionable  punishment  of 
flagellation.  The  next  day  when  His  Majesty,  the  Queen  and 
the  Royal  Family  entered  their  carriages  in  order  to  go  to 
St  Cloud,  where  they  had,  some  days  before  determined  to  pass 
the  Holy  Week  ;  they  were  surrounded  by  a  multitude  of  people.  • 
who  insisted  that  they  should  not  depart.  Having  remained 
an  hour  and  three  quarters  in  his  carriage,  having  seen  the  few 
nobility  that  remained  about  his  person  ill  treated,  and  having 
heard,  during  all  that  time,  the  Queen  abused  with  the  most 
harsh  and  indecent  language  the  King  was  obliged  to  return 
to  his  palace  or  rather  to  his  prison.  The  presence  of  Mr 
Bailly  had,  as  usual,  no  effect  upon  the  people,  and  Mr  de  la 

1  Unfortunately  the  Legislature  took  a  different  line. 


THK    KINO    IX    THE    ASSEMBLV.  81 

Fayette  discovered  that  Commandant  General  was  become  an 
empty  title.  The  National  Guard  confessed  that  they  were  acting 
against  the  law  but  insisted  that  the  j^remier  fonctionaive  public 
should  obey  the  supreme  will  of  the  people. 

The  next  morning  the  Directory  of  the  Department  issued 
a  proclamation  for  assembling  the  sections  in  order  that  they 
should  decide  whether  the  King  should  be  desired  to  fulfill  his 
intentions  of  going  to  St  Cloud,  or  whether  he  should  be 
thanked  by  them  for  having  preferred  to  remain  at  Paris  least 
he  should  disturb  the  public  tranquillity. 

The  majority  of  the  sections  wisely  agreed  that  il  ny  avoit 
lieu  d  deliherer. 

The  Directory  at  the  same  time  presented  an  address  to 
the  King  requesting  him,  in  strong  language  to  dismiss  the 
refractaires  who  surrounded  his  person,  and  advising  him  to 
announce  to  .foreign  nations  the  glorious  revolution  which 
has  taken  place  in  France  and  that  he  is  King  of  a  free 
people. 

The  King  went  to  the  Assembly  and  read  a  speech,  a  copy 
of  which  together  with  the  President's  answer  I  inclose. 

The  only  measure  which  the  Assembly  took  upon  the  subject 
was  to  order  them  to  be  printed  by  way  of  a  proclamation  for 
the  reestablishment  of  public  tranquillity. 

The  next  day  the  chief  officers  of  the  household  the  King's 
and  Queen's  almoners  and  most  of  the  inferior  officers  of  the 
court  sent  their  resignations,  and  yesterday  the  King  received 
us  accompanied  by  a  few  remaining  attendants  on  his  way  to 
a  mass  celebrated  by  a  solitary  priest. 

Mr  de  la  Fayette  having  resigned  his  command,  his  house 
is  constantly  full  of  deputations  from  the  several  battallions 
and  from  the  municipality  entreating  him  not  to  desert  them 
at  this  critical  time  if  he  can  assure  him  of  their  obedience 
he  will  be  prevailed  upon  to  conform  to  their  wishes ;  if  not 
the  prospect  will  be  alarming.  In  the  mean  time  Mr  la  Fayette 
and  his  Aids  de  Camps  have  entered  themselves  as  private 
grenadiers.  The  Abbd  Sieycs  and  many  of  the  members  of  the 
club  of  89  have  joined  the  Jacobins;  whether  they  hope  by 
their  influence  in  that  meeting  to  moderate  their  proceedings 
o.  c.  (J 


82  APRIL,  1791. 

or  whether  they  intend  to  go  with  the  current  remains  to  be 
seen, 

I  inclose  an  after  thought  letter  from  Mr  de  Montmorin, 
suggested  to  him,  I  imagine  by  the  diplomatic  committee :  he 
seems  determined  if  possible  to  continue  in  office,  but,  with  the 
rest  of  the  Ministers  he  is  severely  treated  by  the  Jacobins  and 
it  is  very  doubtful  that  they  can  resist  much  longer. 


Paris,  April  29th,  1791. 

In  consequence  of  3^our  Lordship's  instructions,  I  shall 
have  the  honour  of  addressing  my  official  letters  to  you^untill  I 
receive  further  intimation  of  His  Majesty's  pleasure  in  that 
respect. 

Mr  de  la  Fayette's  re-acceptation  of  the  command  of  the 
National  Guard  has  given  great  satisfaction  to  the  wellwishers 
of  the  present  constitution  and  to  all  those  who  are  interested 
in  the  tranquillity  of  Paris.  The  Jacobins,  whose  plan  was  to 
have  one  of  their  party  chosen  commander,  shew  evident  marks 
of  disappointment.  They  say  that  he  has  exacted  a  degree  of 
submission  which  it  is  improper  for  free  citizens  to  agree  to  ; 
and  they  make  an  absurd  distinction  between  the  passive  obedi^ 
ence  of  a  regular  soldier  and  the  raisonee  obedience  which  alone 
ought  to  be  required  of  the  National  Guard. 

Mr  la  Fayette's  first  act  of  discipline  has  been  to  break  that 
company  of  Grenadiers,  whose  indecent  behaviour  to  the  King 
and  disobedience  of  orders  was  so  conspicuous  on  the  18th  of 
this  month^  The  late  Bishop  of  Autun^  and  the  Abbd  Sieyes 
return  to  the  Jacobins  has  as  yet  had  no  apparent  good  effect, 
and  I  have  reason  to  think  it  occasions  no  small  jealousy  in  the 

^  This  letter  is  addressed  to  Lord  Grenville  who  had  become  Foreign 
Secretary  on  the  retirement  of  the  Duke  of  Leeds. 

2  It  was  on  this  day  that  the  King  was  prevented  from  going  to  St  Cloud  to 
spend  the  Holy  week.  On  the  following  day  Lafayette  resigned  his  position  as 
Commander  of  the  National  Guard.  The  soldiers  disbanded  formed  the 
Grenadier  company  of  the  bataillon  de  I'Oratoire,  belonging  to  the  Gardes 
soldes  formei'ly  called  the  French  Guards. 

2  Talleyrand. 


AVIGNON.  83 

minds  of  those  with  whom  they  are  principally  connected,  I 
mean  Mr  de  la  Rochefoucault,  Dandrd  Chapellier  and  others. 

A  curious  circumstance  has  come  to  my  knowledge  with 
respect  to  the  address  of  the  Department'  presented  to  the  King 
on  the  ISth. 

Mr  de  Montmorin  continued  with  the  directors  till  four 
o'clock  the  next  morning  entreating  them  not  to  print  it.  The 
Abbd  Siey^s,  seeing  that  the  late  Bishop  of  Autun  and  the  rest 
of  the  directors  present  were  going  to  comply  with  the  request 
of  the  Minister,  went  immediately  to  the  printing  office,  bought 
some  hundred  copies  and  had  them  instantly  circulated.  This 
is  the  man  who  has  undertaken,  by  the  assistance  of  papers  in 
the  possession  of  Mr  La  Mark  which  I  mentioned  in  No.  15,  to 
follow  up  the  intentions  of  Mirabeau,  and  by  so  doing  to  defeat 
the  faction  of  Barnave  and  the  Lameths.  The  instruction  to 
the  Ministers  at  the  foreign  Courts  comes  from  that  shop :  and, 
the  address  being  published  Mr  de  Montmorin  was  obliged 
to  sign  it  or  resign.  Upon  my  complimenting  him  upon  the 
applause  with  which  it  was  received  by  the  Assembly,  he  gave 
me  to  understand  that  it  was  not  merited  on  his  part.  The 
Ministers  of  the  other  departments  are  equally  obliged  to  sign 
whatever  is  offered  to  them  for  that  purpose  by  the  leading 
members  of  the  committees. 

The  consideration  of  the  important  business  of  Avignon, 
which  has  been  twice  adjourned  because  the  report  was  not 
prepared,  will  certainly  come  before  the  Assembly  tomorrow. 
The  Comtat  in  the  mean  time  is  suffering  all  the  horrors  of  a 
civil  war  and  it  will  be  in  a  state  of  desolation  before  the 
Assembly  can  agree  to  receive  it  as  the  84th  department.  The 
minds  of  people  are  so  much  occupied  by  the  state  of  things 
at  home  that  the  massacre  of  Mr  Mauduit  and  the  insubordina- 
tion of  the  troops  sent  to  St  Domingo  are  scarcely  noticed. 

At  a  time  when  the  price  of  provisions  must  necessarily 
decrease,  for  the  Droits  d'Entree  will  cease  next  Sunday,  for 
which  the  treasury  will  be  fully  compensated  by  the  Droit  sur  le 

1  An  address  presented  by  the  department  of  Paris,  drawn  up  in  part  by 
Talleyrand,  begging  the  King  to  dismiss  his  present  ministers,  and  to  choose 
such  as  are  favourable  to  the  Revolution. 

6—2 


84  MAY,    1791. 

timbre  which  is  wonderfully  productive,  the  journey-men  of  all 
sorts  shew  an  alarming  disposition  to  insist  upon  the  increase  of 
their  wages. 

The  Diplomatic  Committee  has  informed  the  Assembly  that 
the  King  of  Spain  has  ordered  the  formation  of  a  line  of  troops 
in  the  provinces  of  Catalonia  and  Arragon,  in  order  to  prevent 
brigands  and  vagabonds  entering  that  country  from  France.  I 
inclose  the  Spanish  Ambassadors  letter  to  Mr  de  Montmorin 
with  a  translation  of  his  dispatch  upon  that  subject  that  quiet  is 
established  at  Porentru'  and  that  in  general  there  are  no  pre- 
parations on  the  frontiers  which  can  give  just  cause  for  alarm. 
An  emission  of  assignats  as  low  as  five  livres  has  been  proposed 
and  will  probably  be  adopted  by  the  Assembly. 

The  disturbance  at  Versailles  upon  the  departure  of  the 
Regiment  de  Flandres  has  been  much  exagerated  a  few  men 
were  pelted  with  stones,  some  straggling  shot  was  fired  and  one 
man  only  was  killed. 


Paris,  May  Gth,  1791. 

Since  the  National  Assembly  has  declared  that  it  hopes 
to  finish  the  constitution  of  this  country  in  less  than  three 
months  it  has  made  scarcely  any  progress  in  that  important 
business.  The  last  week  has  been  employed  about  the  consti- 
tution of  Avignon  and  the  Comtat  Venaissin^,  which,  if  not  pro- 
tected by  the  greater  Powers,  will  certainly  be  included  in  the 
French  Government.  The  Assembly  has  come  to  a  declara- 
tion, supported  by  a  majority  of  180  members,  that  they  do  not 
form  an  integral  part  of  the  French  kingdom ;  but  it  by  no 
means  declares  that  they  ought  not,  and,  if  it  can  be  fairly 
proved  that  the  majority  of  the  inhabitants  desire  that  that 
country  should  be  incorporated  with  France,  the  Assembly  will 
readily  accept  of  the  department  of  Vaucluse.     In  the  mean 

^  Porrentrui  on  the  frontiers  of  the  Empire. 

2  This  belonged  to  the  Pope.     The  report  of  Menou  on  this  question  in  the 
Moniteur  (May  1,  1791)  is  full  of  interesting  information. 


THE    POPE.  85 

time  Carpentras  sustains  the  siege  of  the  Avignon  army  and  80 
deserters  from  the  Regiment  de  Soissonnois  with  great  firmness 
they  happen  to  be  tolerably  well  supplied  with  Artillery,  and, 
having  fired  with  mitraille  they  have  killed  some  hundreds  of 
the  besiegers,  having  suffered  very  little  loss  on  their  side. 
Some  emissaries  from  Avignon  going  to  raise  recruits  in  the 
Cevennes  have  been  seized  and  imprisoned  at  Tarascon. 

The  Pope's  conduct  in  the  present  crisis  is  not  to  be  ac- 
counted for  by  the  rules  of  cool  policy.  Why  he  should  refuse 
to  receive  an  Ambassador  because  he  has  taken  the  Civic  Oath, 
distinct  from,  but  which  he  seems  to  have  confounded  with,  that 
which  the  clergy  are  obliged  to  take,  it  is  difficult  to  account 
for ;  the  more  so  as  he  suffers  the  present  Charge  d' Affaires  to 
transact  business  at  Rome  although  equally  stigmatized  in  that 
respect.  His  Holiness,  they  say,  begins  to  doat ;  his  href,  a  copy 
of  which,  in  print,  and  of  a  second,  which  is  lately  arrived, 
I  send  to  your  Lordship,  rather  favors  that  opinion.  The 
Nuncio  did  not  appear  at  Court  yesterday ;  he  pleaded  illness, 
which  is  in  part  founded,  for  the  irksomeness  of  his  situation 
has  had  a  visible  effect  on  his  health  his  decent  behaviour  in 
these  ticklish  times  has  gained  him  a  general  esteem.  The 
effigy  of  his  master  drest  in  robes  ridiculously  costly  was 
publickly  burnt  the  other  day  in  the  Palais-royal,  not  by  the 
mob  but  by  a  set  of  wild  enthusiasts  of  what  is  called  the  better 
sort. 

Although  I  give  little  credit  to  the  assistance  that  the 
Prince  of  Conde  is  said  to  expect  from  German  troops  yet 
I  have  reason  to  believe  that  he  will  attempt  to  enter  France 
with  his  death's  head  army,  for  it  is  literally  true  that  the  uni- 
form of  his  soldiers  is  so  ornamented,  about  the  end  of  this 
month.  Want  of  money  as  well  as  want  of  prudence  will  pre- 
vent a  longer  delay.  That  your  Lordship  may  have  some  notion 
of  the  reception  he  is  likely  to  meet  with  in  case  he  make  the 
rash  attempt  I  inclose  a  copy  of  a  letter  from  Mr  Kellerman, 
who  commands  in  that  country,  to  his  friends  the  Jacobins. 

Mr  de  Fleurin  having  resigned  the  Department  of  the  Marine, 
because  it  is  to  be  united  Avith  that  of  the  Colonies,  has  been 
very  much  prest  l)y  all  parties  to  continue  in  office  ;  but  without 


86  MAY,  1791. 

success ;  a  Mr  de  Hoc  or  j\Ir  de  Moustier,  if  he  can  be  spared 
from  Berlin,  will  probably  be  his  successor. 

The  Convoy  for  Martinico  is  arrived  there  and  Mr  de  Behague 
has  taken  the  command  of  Fort  Bourbon,  which  is  now  guarded 
by  two  companies  of  Grenadiers  of  the  Kegiments  of  Forez  and 
Touraine. 

If  Mr  de  Montmorin  should  be  obliged  to  resign,  of  which 
there  is  a  great  probability,  Mr  de  Choiseul  Gouffier  it  is  sup- 
posed will  succeed  him. 

I  mention  the  forced  resignation  of  Mr  Huber,  one  of  the 
Conimissaires  de  la  Tresorerie,  as  it  gives  me  an  opportunity  of 
correcting  an  error  I  made  in  a  former  dispatch  in  which  I  called 
that  gentleman  a  Genevois ;  it  appears  that  he  was  born  at 
Lyons,  where  his  family,  of  Swiss  origin,  has  been  established 
for  more  than  a  century.  On  account  however  of  a  connection 
with  the  house  of  Graff  in  London,  which  proved  bankrupt,  his 
enemies  have  obliged  him  to  quit  his  employment. 

The  Russians  have  obtained  a  victory  over  the  Turks  at 
Brailow  but  Mr  de  Simolin  has  not  received  the  particulars 
of  it. 

From  what  has  passed  to  day  in  the  Assembly  it  appears 
that  we  shall  be  deluged  with  assignats  of  5  livres  to  the 
amount  of  one  hundred  millions  ;  a  very  perishable  commodity. 

P.S.  I  inclose  a  copy  of  the  Decret  de  Commission  Imperiale 
of  the  26  of  April. 


Paris,   May  13th,  1791. 

The  state  of  affairs  has  suffered  no  alteration  during  the 
course  of  the  last  week. 

The  Nuncio  remains  quietly  in  his  hotel  till  he  shall  receive 
further  instructions  from  his  Court.  The  inhabitants  of  Car- 
pentras  sustain  the  seige  with  great  firmness,  and  indeed  they 
have  little  to  fear  from  the  enemy's  army  as  it  is  totally  in  want 
of  ammunition. 

The  Prince  of  Conde's  little  army,  ridiculed,  in  its  present 
state,  by  men  of  sense,  is  still   a  bugbear  to   many  ;  some  of 


ST   DOMINGO.  87 

whom  are  members  of  the  committees  :  and  it  is  difficult  to  per- 
suade them  that  it  is  not  paid  by  Prussia ;  some  even  go  so  far 
us  to  surmise  that  money  from  His  Majesty's  Civil  List  has 
found  its  way  into  that  quarter.  It  is  said  that  the  Comte 
d'Artois  is  going  to  reside  somewhere  between  Francfort  and 
Mayence. 

Mr  Thevenard,  a  Chef  d'Escadre  who  commands  at  I'Orient, 
it  is  now  said  will  have  the  Marine  Dej)artment :  Mr  Moustier 
however  is  still  expected  from  Berlin.  I  shall  not  be  surprized 
if  I  have  soon  to  inform  your  Lordship  that  Mr  de  Montmorin 
is  appointed  Chef  de  la  Bomesticite :  as  I  understand  that  in  the 
projected  arrangement  and  reform  of  the  household,  there  is  to 
be  one  chief  officer  with  that  title. 

The  army  also  is  about  to  be  reformed,  all  confidence  be- 
tween the  present  officers  and  the  soldiers  being  destroyed. 
The  last  letters  from  St  Domingo  bring  an  account  of  the 
death  of  Mr  de  Villages,  Commandant  de  la  Station.  The 
alarming  situation  of  the  West  India  Colonies  has  for  the  last 
three  days  occupied  the  attention  of  the  Assembly,  and  has 
occasioned  very  interesting  debates :  for  the  particulars  of  which 
I  must  refer  to  the  Moniteur  which  I  regularly  send  for  your 
Lordship's  perusal.  Mr  Barnave,  who  has,  for  some  time  past, 
taken  upon  himself  to  act  as  Minister  for  the  Colonies,  has,  by 
so  doing,  contrived  to  destroy,  or  at  least  very  much  to  diminish, 
his  ill  deserved  popularity.  His  friend,  Charles  Lameth,  in 
order  to  avoid  the  same  fate,  was  obliged  to  vote  contrary  to 
him  yesterday,  although  he  has  an  estate  in  that  country.  The 
language  of  the  Colons  is  that  if  they  do  not  carry  the  (juestion 
with  a  large  majority  they  must  se  jetter  dans  les  bras  de 
VAngleterre. 

The  Funds  sink  daily  and  the  price  of  money  increases : 
silver  is  at  nine,  gold  at  twelve  and  a  half  per  cent. 

I  inclose  a  copy  of  a  letter  from  the  Prince  Galitzin  to 
Mr  Simolin  together  with  one  from  the  Prince  Rcpnin  to  the 
former. 


88  MAY,  1791. 

Pakis,  May  20th,  1791. 

The  decree  of  last  Sunday  by  which  the  mulattos  born 
of  free  parents  are  admitted  into  all  colonial  and  parochial 
assemblies  if  they  have  the  other  requisite  qualifications,  has 
separated  the  West  India  Colonies  from  France.  The  planters 
of  St  Domingo  wish  to  be  independent;  but  they  would  not 
insist  upon  a  total  independence,  if,  by  so  doing,  they  could 
insure  protection  against  their  mother  country.  A  gentleman 
will  probably  soon  wait  upon  your  Lordship,  who  will  be  able 
to  give  ample  information  upon  this  subject.  The  deputies 
of  all  the  West  India  islands  have  resigned  their  seats  which 
is  regarded  as  a  rash  measure :  the  assembly  has  however 
thought  fit  to  overlook  it.  I  enclose  exact  copies  of  their  letters 
addrest  to  the  Assembly. 

There  is  a  visible  confusion  of  parties  since  the  decree  which 
prevents  the  present  members  from  being  reelected  for  the  next 
legislature.  That  of  yesterday,  worded  in  a  confused  manner, 
declares  that  Les  memhres  d'une  legislature  2Jourront  etre  reelus 
a  une  Legislature  siiivante  et  ne  pour7'ont  etre  elus  de  nouveait 
qu-apres  fintervalle  de  deux  ans.  This  does  not  affect  the 
former  decree  with  regard  to  the  present  Assembly.  The  re- 
newal of  the  legislative  body  is  to  take  place  without  a  letter  of 
convocation  from  the  King,  and  every  new  legislative  body  is  to 
meet  on  the  first  Monday  in  May  wherever  the  proceeding  one 
shall  have  sat.  That  body  however  may  determine  where  it  will 
sit  and  continue  to  sit  or  adjourn  as  it  shall  think  proper.  They 
have  not  yet  decided  whether  ministers  or  members  of  the 
directories  of  departments  shall  be  eligible. 

The  Committee  of  Finances  has  at  length  been  obliged  to 
disclose  an  unpleasant  truth  to  the  Assembly,  the  12  hundred 
millions  are  nearly  exhausted:  a  fresh  emission  of  assignats  is 
therefore  necessary:  one  hundred  millions  in  addition  have 
already  been  decreed  in  assignats  of  five  livres,  and  an  emission 
of  six  hundred  millions  more  is  expected.  A  new  copper 
coinage,  the  greatest  quantity  possible  is  also  decreed.  They 
flatter  themselves  that  the  national  property  will  be  proved 
to  amount  to  three  thousand  millions,  according  to  the  rate  of 
the  present  sale  of  those  lands,  a  third  of  which  is  already  sold ; 


FINANCE.  89 

SO  that  the  resource  of  assignats  is  still  in  full  vigour.  No  taxes 
are  however  as  yet  collected,  except  that  productive  one  of  the 
stamps  for  the  impot  sur  les  patentes  has  not  been  sufficiently 
inforced  to  produce  much,  and  the  land  tax  cannot  be  raised 
before  the  autumn.  The  high  price  of  money,  which  increases 
daily,  owing  to  the  persecution  of  the  vendors  of  it,  is  not  only  a 
grievance  to  individuals,  but  a  great  distress  to  government: 
the  treasury  was  obliged  to  buy  ten  millions  for  the  last  month 
for  which  they  paid  seven  hundred  thousand  livres.  The  article 
of  secret  service  money ;  which  has  not  yet  appeared  is,  I  be- 
lieve a  great  drain  to  them.  The  public  funds,  which  of  late 
have  fallen  considerably,  begin  to  rise,  owing  to  the  fresh  emis- 
sion of  assignats.  The  exchange  with  England  is  almost  at 
twenty-eight  per  cent.  In  spite  of  the  general  distress,  it  is 
certain  that  the  manufactories  of  Lyons  and  Rouen  are  in  a 
flourishing  state. 

The  inhabitants  of  Carpentras,  having  encouraged  the  enemy 
to  approach  the  town  fired  upon  them  a  mitraille,  which  seems 
to  have  cooled  their  courage  for  the  present.  The  neighbouring 
departments  are  taking  part,  some  with  the  besieged  others 
with  the  besiegers.  And  the  town  of  Avignon  is  afraid  of 
admitting  its  own  army  within  its  walls. 


Paris,  May  22nd,  1791. 

I  have  this  instant  received  the  inclosed  signalement  of 
the  people  who  are  supposed  to  be  gone  to  England  with  an 
intention  of  setting  fire  to  the  fleet  or  dock  yards.  Mr  Fergus- 
son  will  have  the  honor  of  delivering  this  letter  to  your 
Lordship. 


Paris,  Maij  27th,  1791. 

The  Assembly  has  finished  the  organization  of  the  legis- 
lative body,  which  it  has  declared  the  King  cannot  dissolve. 
The  persons  as  well  as  property  of  it's  members  arc  to  have,  in 
civil  cases,  no  privileges  distinct  from  those  of  other  citizens. 


90  MAY,   1791. 

Mr  Buzot's  project  of  dividing,  by  lot,  the  Assembly  into 
two  sections  to  deliberate  separately,  in  order  to  prevent  rash 
and  hasty  decrees  has  not  been  adopted,  but  the  Committees  of 
Constitution  and  Revision  have  unanimously  agreed  that  it  is 
desireable  to  find  some  means  to  hinder  the  impetuosity  and 
haste  of  future  legislatures.  I  am  not  surprized  that  they  speak 
with  feeling  upon  the  subject,  for  a  levity  in  decision,  especially 
of  late,  has  done  little  honour  to  the  present  Assembly. 

They  had  desired  their  committees  to  draw  up  an  instruction 
to  be  sent  with  the  decree  to  the  colonies  :  upon  their  neglect- 
ing so  to  do,  Mr  Du  Port  proposed  one  of  his  own  composition, 
which  your  Lordship  may  see  in  the  Moniteur  of  the  22d.  of 
this  month.  But  it  was  agreed  that  the  travail  of  the  commit- 
tees upon  the  organization  of  the  colonies  would  best  answer 
that  purpose.  The  trading-towns  have  taken  the  alarm  and  the 
language  of  the  colonists  at  Bordeaux  has  induced  the  adminis- 
trators of  that  department  to  lay  an  embargo  upon  all  the 
vessels  bound  for  the  colonies.  In  their  address  to  the  Assembly, 
which  was  received  with  great  applause,  they  state  that  the 
district,  the  municipality,  the  chamber  of  commerce  and  all  the 
patriotic  clubs  united  with  them  in  an  ardent  desire  to  enforce 
the  decree,  and  that  many  of  the  National  Guard  had  entered 
their  names  as  volunteers  to  be  sent  to  restore  peace  in  the 
West  Indies. 

The  two  battalions  which  are  arrived  from  Saint  Dominsfo 
were  not  suffered  to  land  there  by  Mr  Blancheland,  judging,  as 
it  is  natural  to  suppose,  from  the  behaviour  of  the  troops  in 
the  island,  that  their  arrival  would  be  detrimental  to  the  mother 
country. 

On  Tuesday  a  projet  de  de'cret  of  the  committee  concerning 
Avignon,  was  rejected  by  a  majority  of  twenty  voices,  which, 
it  was  thought,  had  decided  that  question ;  but,  the  next  day  a 
second  decree  declared  that  the  former  did  not  at  all  prejudice 
the  rights  of  France  to  Avignon  and  the  Comtat,  and  desired 
the  King  to  take  provisional  measures  to  restore  peace  in  that 
country. 

The  price  of  specie  continues  nearly  the  same,  for,  although 
many  sections  have  allotted  particular  spots  for  the  free  sale  of 


CODE   PENAL.  91 

money,  few  vendors  are  to  be  found.  The  new  copper  coin  and 
assignats  of  5  livres  will  soon  be  in  circulation.  They  certainly 
think  of  a  naval  armament  but  they  have  not  yet  come  to  a 
resolution  upon  that  subject. 


Paris,  June  '6rd,  1791. 

The  Code  Penal  has  occupied  the  attention  of  the 
Assembly  for  the  greatest  part  of  this  week.  On  Tuesday  how- 
ever their  attention  was  drawn  off  to  another  subject;  their  own 
conduct  or  rather  misconduct,  by  the  reading  of  a  letter  addrest 
to  them  by  the  Abbe  Raynal',  full  of  unpleasant  truths  and 
wholesome  advice.  The  Abbe  not  knowing  in  what  manner  it 
might  be  taken,  has  thought  proper  to  quit  Paris.  I  inclose  a 
printed  copy  of  this  remarkable  letter.  With  regard  to  the 
Code  Penal  they  have  as  yet  made  little  change  in  the  mode  of 
punishment,  excepting  that  they  have  decreed  that  death  shall 
be  inflicted  without  torture,  and  that  criminals  shall  be  be- 
headed instead  of  being  hanged,  and  that  as  a  re-integration 
in  civil  rights  may  take  place  after  a  certain  time,  no  durable 
marks  of  infamy  are  to  be  inflicted. 

They  have  agreed  that  the  instruction  drawn  up  by  Mr 
Dupont  (not  Du  port  as  I  inadvertently  w^rote  the  name  in  my 
last  dispatch)  shall  be  immediately  sent  to  the  colonies.  Some 
vessels  have  been  already  allowed  to  sail  there  from  Bordeaux. 
A  letter  having  been  read  from  Mr  Montmorin,  complaining  of 
some  false  and  improper  insinuations  with  regard  to  the  King's 
intentions  of  leaving  the  kingdom,  printed  in  the  Article  Al- 
lemagne  in  the  Moniteur  no.  lol,  they  thought  lit  to  pass 
a,  Vordre  de  jour. 

Necessity  will  enforce  them  to  disband  the  army  in  order  to 
form  it  in  a  new  manner,  A  measure  which  Mirabeau  had  in 
contemplation.  Mr  Duportail,  in  giving  an  account  to  the 
Assembly  of  the  subalterns  and  soldiers  of  the  regiment  de 
Dauphini^  having  obliged  their  officers  to  quit  their  command, 

^  He  was  now  nearly  eighty  years  of  age.     The  letter  is  a  very  remarkable 
production  and  well  deserves  reading. 


92  JUNE,  1791. 

says,  that  this  event  does  not  bear  the  character  of  one  of  those 
which  hazard  and  unforeseen  circumstances  occasion  ;  that  ordi- 
nary measures  are  insufficient  to  prevent  the  evil  and  that  it  will 
require  all  the  wisdom  of  the  Assembly.  The  soldiers  will  not 
obey  their  officers  because  they  consist  of  the  ci-devant  noblesse 
and  the  same  spirit  operates  in  the  fleet.  The  directors  of  the 
department  of  the  Lower  Rhine  have  requested  of  the  Assembly 
the  assistance  of  five  thousand  of  the  National  Guard  in  order 
to  constrain  the  zealous  fanaticism  of  the  inhabitants  of  that 
country  and  to  resist  the  manoeuvres  of  the  Prince  of  Conde  and 
the  Cardinal  of  Rohan.  The  Assembly  has  taken  no  step  with  re- 
gard to  military  assistance  but  they  have  disapproved  the  conduct 
of  the  majority  of  the  members  of  the  directory  of  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Upper  Rhine  and  have  ordered  them  to  be  replaced 
and  declared  their  Arrets  void:  for  the  particulars  of  this  busi- 
ness I  must  refer  to  the  report  of  the  committee  which  your 
Lordship  will  see  in  this  day's  Moniteur. 

The  assessment  for  the  Contribution  fonciere  et  mobiliaire  is 
completed  and  Mr  Tarbe  is  appointed  Ministre  des  Contributions 
publiques.  This  appointment  is  universally  approved.  A  society 
has  deposited  a  security  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville  of  twelve  millions 
and  issue  notes  of  five  livres  value,  which,  en  attendant  the 
assignats  are  of  considerable  use ;  but  the  price  of  money  con- 
tinues nearly  the  same. 

The  demand  for  the  manufactures  of  this  country  increases 
prodigiously. 

It  is  certain  that  the  Count  d'Artois  has  been  expected  in 
Germany  but  it  is  also  certain  that  he  had  not  left  Italy  on  the 
20th  of  last  month. 

The  Nuncio  quitted  this  place  last  Monday.  A  letter  from 
the  mayor  and  many  of  the  municipal  officers  of  Carpentras, 
declaring  their  wishes  to  be  united  to  France  has  raised  the 
hopes  of  those  who  wish  for  an  84th  department. 

An  attempt  was  made  yesterday  to  have  mass  celebrated  by  a 
priest  non  assermente  at  the  Church  of  the  Theatins,  but  without 
success,  although  backed  by  a  decree  of  the  Assembly,  an  arrets 
of  the  department  and  the  wish  of  the  municipality.  Some 
people,  for   they  were  too  few  to  be  called  a  mob,    meeting 


TOHAno.  93 

with  no  resistance,  overturned  the  altar  and  dispersed  the 
congregation. 

A  decree  passed  the  Assembly  yesterday  to  desire  the  King 
to  order  a  new  Treaty  of  Commerce  with  the  United  States  of 
America,  and  Mr  Ternant  set  off  this  morning  with  instructions 
from  Mr  Montmorin  for  that  purpose. 

I  communicated  last  week  to  that  Minister  a  memorial  of 
the  Mortgage  Creditors  of  Tobago  (copy  of  which  I  inclose) 
which  he  promised  to  send  immediately  to  the  committee. 
I  believe  it  is  in  consequence  of  this  measure  that  Mr  Chapelier 
told  Mr  Balfour  yesterday  that  he  should  be  ready  to  make  the 
report  in  a  very  few  days.  If  he  should  fail  to  do  so,  I  shall, 
according  to  your  Lordship's  instructions,  desire  Mr  Montmorin 
to  write  to  the  President  of  the  Assembly  upon  the  subject. 


Paris,  June  10th,  1791. 

Mr  Balfour  informed  me  yesterday  that  Mr  Chapelier 
had  not  only  not  made  the  report  of  the  committees  upon  the 
Tobago  business,  although  he  had  promised  to  do  so  in  the 
course  of  a  week,  but  that  he  had  said  he  could  not  make  it 
for  some  days  nor  till  he  had  finished  some  important  business 
with  which  he  is  occupied  at  present.  I  communicated  this 
circumstance  in  conversation  to  Mr  de  Montmorin  and  desired 
him  either  to  lay  the  affair  before  the  Assembly  or  to  find  some 
other  means  to  facilitate  the  success  of  the  just  pretensions  of 
the  parties  concerned.  He  said  that  Mr  Chapelier  had  told  him 
that  the  report  was  in  readiness,  but  that,  after  what  I  had 
mentioned,  he  would  speak  to  him  again  upon  the  subject  and 
do  all  that  lay  in  his  power  to  expedite  the  business.  At  his 
request,  I  have  sent  him  a  letter,  a  copy  of  which  I  enclose. 
I  have  very  good  reason  to  believe  that  the  expectation  of  a 
bribe  has  been  the  cause  of  this  delay. 

This  week  has  made  little  or  no  difference  in  the  dismal 
appearance  of  public  affairs.  The  Comtat  continues  to  suffer 
all  the  calamities  of  civil  war.  Money  in  specie  has  sunk  but 
little  in  it's  price ;    the   taxes   are    not    levied ;    few  assignats 


94  JUNE,  1791. 

remain  in  the  Treasury,  and  they  are  afraid  of  moving  a  decree 
for  a  fresh  emission  of  them,  till  they  can  obtain  a  more 
regular  account  from  the  several  departments  of  the  value  of 
the  lands  already  sold :  only  two  hundred  and  seven  districts 
have  as  yet  sent  in  their  accounts. 

The  discontented  nobility  are  tending  daily  towards  Worms, 
where  the  Prince  of  Cond^  may  soon  boast  of  an  army  composed 
almost  entirely  of  officers. 

The  attendance  at  Constitutional  Clubs  has  occasioned  a 
general  disposition  among  the  soldiers  to  cashier  their  officers ; 
and,  among  the  many  new  experiments  now  making  in  this 
country  that  of  an  army  in  which  the  soldiers  are  to  have  the 
command  seems  not  to  be  the  most  promising. 

Six  committees  have  given  their  opinion  against  disbanding 
the  army  and  seemed  to  flatter  themselves  that  a  proper 
severity  Avith  regard  to  the  regiment  de  Dauphine  would  be 
sufficient  to  preserve  discipline ;  but  some  late  accounts  from 
Alsace  will  perhaps  prove  to  them  that  it  will  not  be  sufficient. 
A  member  was  yesterday  beginning  to  give  an  account  of  a 
motion,  made  by  the  subalterns  in  one  of  the  popular  meetings 
at  Strasburg,  to  dismiss  their  officers,  but  the  National 
Assembly  would  not  permit  him  to  proceed  and  referred  that 
affair  to  the  six  committees  appointed  to  draw  up  a  report  upon 
the  means  of  reestablishing  order  in  the  army. 

Want  of  energy  in  the  Civil  Government  encourages  sedi- 
tious language  among  the  journeymen  tradesmen  and  workmen 
who  demand  an  increase  of  wages,  and  the  same  cause  has 
hitherto  prevented  the  opening  of  the  Theatins  for  nonjuring 
papists.  The  Comte  dArtois,  it  is  said,  is  at  Ulm :  he  seems 
inclined  to  deliberate  twice  before  he  passes  the  Rubicon. 


Paris,  Jxine  lltli,  1791. 


The  only  measures  as  yet  taken  with  regard  to  the  army 
are.  A  decree  of  the  Assembly  obliging  all  officers  to  sign  a 
promise  upon  honor  to  be  faithful  to  the  nation  the  law  and 
the  King,  and  to  oppose  with  all  their  power  any  plot  or  con- 


WANT   OF   MONEY.  95 

spiracy  against  the  present  constitution.  Camps  of  instruction 
ordered  to  be  formed.  The  regiments  on  the  frontiers  to  be  on 
the  war  establishment;  and  an  enrolment  for  volunteers  of  the 
National  Guard  (who  are  to  act  only  in  a  case  of  necessity)  to  be 
opened  in  every  department.  By  another  decree  the  Prince  of 
Cond^  is  summoned  to  return  into  the  kingdom  within  the  space 
of  a  fortnight,  or  to  retire  from  the  frontiers,  having  formally 
declared  that  he  will  undertake  nothing  against  the  constitution 
or  the  tranquillity  of  the  kingdom.  In  case  of  disobedience  his 
estate  and  goods  are  to  be  confiscated,  or,  to  use  their  own 
words,  sequestered. 

In  Alsace,  the  distress  for  want  of  specie  is  still  greater  than 
in  the  interior  part  of  France,  the  market  of  Strasburg  being, 
in  a  great  measure,  supplied  from  the  other  side  of  the  Rhine, 
where  assignats  are  far  from  being  current. 

The  late  Bishop  of  Autun  is  to  communicate  to  the  Assembly 
a  plan  to  prevent  the  great  loss  which  this  country  suffers  by 
the  exchange  with  foreign  nations.  I  understand  he  proposes 
to  liquidate  the  public  debt  by  paying  the  creditors  with  Obli- 
gations Nationales  or  Quittance  de  Finance. 

The  committees  have  at  length  drawn  up  a  long  instruction 
for  the  colonies,  containing  a  plan  for  a  constitution  consisting 
of  about  three  hundred  articles,  which,  however,  is  not  to  affect 
any  former  decrees  of  the  Assembly  and  is  to  be  sent  there 
merely  as  a  memorial  and  instruction.  The  Proces  Verbal  of 
the  Colonial  Assembly  of  Martinico  of  the  17th  of  March  last  an 
extract  of  which  I  inclose,  gives  a  faint  hope  that  the  decree  of 
the  loth  of  May  will  not  be  ill  received  in  that  island.  The 
Assembly  of  Guadeloupe  has  written  to  that  of  Martinico  desir- 
ing them  to  appoint  Commissioners  to  treat  in  common  upon 
the  constitution  of  those  islands  and  particularly  upon  that 
important  article  the  political  and  civil  state  of  the  free 
mulattos  and  slaves. 


90  JULY,  1791. 

Taris,  Jinie  22nd,  1791. 

I  take  the  first  opportunity  of  informing  your  Lordship 
of  the  surprizing  event  which  happened  yesterday,  no  person 
whatever  having  till  this  moment  been  permitted  to  leave  Paris, 

Between  seven  and  eight  in  the  morning  it  was  discovered 
that  the  King  and  all  the  Royal  Family  had  left  the  Thuilleries 
unknown  to  the  Guard.  It  is  supposed  that  they  quitted  the 
Palace  between  one  and  two  o'clock,  and  it  is  imagined  that 
they  have  taken  the  rout  through  the  forests  of  Compiegne  and 
the  Ardennes  to  the  Low  Countries  but  nothing  certain  is  as 
yet  known.  Monsieur  and  Madame  have  also  left  the  Luxem- 
bourg. 

Owing  to  the  activity  of  the  National  Guard  the  exertions  of 
the  municipality  and  the  prudent  deliberations  of  the  National 
Assembly,  for  the  heat  of  party,  has,  for  the  present  entirely  sub- 
sided, the  tranquillity  of  this  town  has  been  perfectly  preserved. 

As  soon  as  the  Assembly  was  met,  the  President  informed 
them  that  he  had  received  from  the  mayor  intelligence  of  the 
departure  of  the  King  and  of  the  Royal  Family:  couriers  were 
immediately  ordered  to  be  sent  to  every  department  with  orders 
to  prevent  any  body  from  quitting  the  kingdom  and  the  Minis- 
ters were  summoned  to  attend  the  Assembly. 

The  Ministre  de  la  Justice  was  authorized  to  continue  to 
make  use  of  the  Seal  of  the  State,  which  measure  was  thought 
necessary,  as  a  letter  had  been  delivered  to  him  that  morning 
signed  by  the  King  forbidding  him  to  do  so  till  further  orders. 
That  Minister  delivered  a  memorial  which  Mr  la  Porte  (Intendant 
de  la  Liste  Civile)  had  put  into  his  hands,  having  had  the  Kings 
orders  to  communicate  them  to  all  the  Ministers. 

The  National  Assembly  sits  night  and  day,  and  the  Ministers 
transact  business  in  an  adjoining  appartment. 

I  send  inclosed  the  Logographe  which  gives  the  most  ac- 
curate account  of  every  thing  that  passes  in  the  Assembly,  and 
some  other  printed  papers  by  way  of  supplement.  In  the 
Postilion  of  this  morning  there  is  mention  made  of  the  fears  of 
some  of  the  Ambassadors  for  their  personal  safety:  if  any  of  them 
have  exprest  such  fears  they  have  had  very  little  reason  for  so 
doing  :  for  myself  I  never  had  any. 


FLIGHT   TO   VARENNES.  97 

I  wait  with  impatience  for  instructions  from  your  Lordship 
at  this  critical  period. 

P.S.  The  inclosed  notes  from  Mr  Montmorin  will  prove  to 
your  Lordship  the  dijfficulty  I  had  to  obtain  a  passport  for  my 
messenger. 


Paris,  June  23,  17D1. 

I  received  the  inclosed  paper  from  Mr  de  Montmorin 
last  night. 

The  most  recent  account  of  the  King's  situation  was  brought 
this  afternoon  by  a  Mr  Mangin,  son  to  a  member  of  the  As- 
sembly, who  resides  at  Varennes,  a  small  town  between  Stenay 
and  Clermont  in  Argonne.  He  says  that  early  on  Wednesday 
morning  the  King  and  Royal  Family  passed  through  Sainte 
Menehould  in  a  Berline  with  six  horses  but  with  only  two 
attendants  on  horseback :  the  j^ostmaster  of  that  place  suspected 
that  they  were  not  common  travellers  and  questioned  them 
particularly  about  their  rout ;  they  said  that  they  were  going 
to  Verdun  the  first  town  on  the  great  road,  he  followed  them 
but  seeing  them  take  the  bye  road  which  leads  to  Varennes,  he 
rode  in  haste  to  that  town  and  gave  the  alarm  :  when  the  King 
arrived  at  the  inn  the  inhabitants  insisted  that  he  should  not 
proceed  on  his  journey  untill  they  knew  for  certain  who  he  was 
and  the  motives  of  it.  His  Majesty  was  therefore  obliged  to 
enter  the  inn  where  he  was  seen  by  Mr  Mangin  who,  being  ac- 
quainted with  his  person,  informed  the  astonished  multitude 
that  they  possest  their  King. 

A  courier  arrived  at  the  Assembly  last  night  about  nine 
o'clock  with  an  account  of  his  Majesty's  being  stopt  at  this 
place,  he  at  the  same  time  delivered  a  letter  from  the  municipal 
officers  of  Sainte  Menehould  informing  the  Assembly  that  Mr 
Bouilld,  who  commands  at  Metz,  had  sent  detachments  of  troops 
to  that  town  and  other  places  in  the  neighbourhood,  having 
given  out  that  a  large  quantity  of  money  for  the  pay  of  the 
garrisons  on  the  frontiers  was  expected  to  pass  that  way  and 
that  they  were  to  convoy  it.  It  appears  that  when  the  King 
G.  c.  7 


98  JUNE,  1791. 

was  first  stopt  some  hussars  were  seen  riding  tlirough  the  town 
who  finding  the  alarm  too  general  passed  quietly  on.  The  As- 
sembly has  given  orders  to  secure  Mr  Bouilld  and  it  has  also 
appointed  three  of  its  members  Mr  Barnave  Mr  Pethion  and 
Mr  la  Tour-Maubourg  commissioners  with  power  to  give  orders 
to  the  troops  the  National  Guard  and  the  administrative 
bodies :  their  principal  business  however  is  to  protect  the 
persons  of  the  Royal  Family  on  their  return  to  Paris.  Accord- 
ing to  Mr  Mangin's  account,  the  King  slept  last  night  at 
Chalons  and  intends  to  sleep  this  night  at  Epernay ;  it  is  there- 
fore possible  that  he  may  arrive  in  the  capital  tomorrow,  but 
more  probably  on  Saturday.  Monsieur  and  Madame  are  safely 
arrived  at  Mons. 

The  way  in  which  the  Royal  Family  contrived  to  leave  the 
Thuilleries  is  not  yet  known  ;  the  thing  is  wonderful  and  the 
more  so  because  the  Mayor  and  Mr  la  Fayette  had  been  ap- 
prized of  their  intention  for  some  days  before  and  had  accord- 
ingly taken  all  possible  precautions  to  prevent  it :  they  both 
staid  with  his  Majesty  till  one  o'clock,  when  they  retired 
perfectly  secure  that  no  attempt  of  the  sort  could  be  made 
that  night ;  having  left  a  double  guard  and  an  extraordinary 
number  of  officers  upon  duty  against  whom  there  is  no  suspicion 
of  corruption. 

The  Assembly  continues  to  sit  night  and  day  adjourning 
sometimes  for  an  hour  or  two  and  in  the  intervals  of  urgent 
they  proceed  with  the  ordinary  business. 

The  late  Bishop  of  Autun,  finding  that  his  scheme  w^ould 
not  succeed,  entertained  the  Assembly  with  a  discourse  upon 
finance  and  the  balance  of  trade  and  so  that  matter  ended. 
Six  hundred  millions  more  have  been  decreed,  one  hundred 
and  sixty  only  of  which  are  to  be  emitted  at  present,  the 
quantity  that  has  been  already  burnt,  in  order  to  adhere  to 
their  former  decree  that  twelve  hundred  only  should  be  in 
circulation  at  one  time.  Twenty  eight  millions  have  been 
ordered  to  the  public  treasury.  The  tranquillity  in  and  out 
of  the  Assembly  has  been  astonishing  but  I  this  moment  learn 
that  the  quiet  of  the  Assembly  is  likely  to  be  disturbed  by  the 
riotous  rejoicing  of  the  Poissardes  and  the  inhabitants  of  the 


RETURN   OF   THE   KING.  99 

Fauxbourg  Saint  Antoine,  an    unpleasant  prognostic  of  what 
may  happen  on  the  King's  arrival. 

His  Majesty's  Memorial,  which  your  Lordship  will  sec  in 
the  Moniteur  173  has  contributed  much  to  unite  the  senti- 
ments of  all  parties  on  the  present  occasion ;  the  least  that 
can  be  said  for  that  measure  is  that  it  was  precipitate.  Almost 
all  the  members  of  the  Assembly  have  taken  the  new  oath  and 
Mr  la  Fayette  and  his  friends  have  joined  the  Jacobins. 


rAEis,  June  25,   1791. 

The  King  and  Royal  Family  arrived  this  evening  at  seven 
o'clock.  The  order  and  regularity  with  which  the  whole  of  their 
entry  was  conducted  was  astonishing.  They  were  carried  round 
the  outside  of  the  walls  of  the  town  till  they  came  to  the  Grille 
of  Chaillot  from  thence  they  proceeded  in  a  direct  line  through 
the  Champs  Elyses  and  the  Place  de  Louis  Quinze  to  the 
garden  of  the  Thuilleries  ;  unfortunately  some  of  the  crowd 
forced  their  way  into  the  gardens  when  the  carriages  entered 
which  occasioned  the  Royal  Faniily's  hearing  some  unpleasant 
language  when  they  arrived  at  the  palace:  in  all  other  respects 
the  greatest  decorum  has  been  preserved. 

A  separate  guard,  urider  the  command  of  jMr  la  Fayette,  has 
been  ordered  by  the  Assembly  for  the  King,  the  Queen  and  the 
Dauphin  ;  for  the  latter  a  Governor  is  to  be  appointed  by  the 
Assembly.  It  is  said  that  the  convent  of  the  Val  de  Grace  will 
be  destined  for  the  residence  of  the  Queen.  A  declaration  is 
to  be  demanded  from  the  King  and  Queen  in  order  that  the 
Assembly  may  be  better  able  to  judge  how  to  act  with  regard 
to  them. 

The  decrees  of  the  Assembly  are  to  be  valid  without  the 
King's  sanction  and  the  ministers  and  the  other  branches  of  the 
executive  power  are  to  continue  to  do  the  business  of  that  part 
of  the  Government  till  it  shall  be  otherwise  determined.  Ad- 
dresses come  daily  from  the  frontiers  full  of  friendly  sentiments 
to   the   present  constitution   but  expressing  their   fears   of  an 


100  JUNE,  1791. 

invasion  and  their  want  of  means  to  resist  the  enemy.  The 
number  of  National  Guard  which  the  Assembly  has  decreed  to 
be  en  activite  and  Avhich  will  receive  better  pay  than  the  regular 
troops,  fifteen  sous  instead  of  ten,  will  amount  to  about  three 
hundred  thousand. 

The  great  events  which  have  occurred  during  this  week 
have  made  me  forget  one  of  less  importance,  the  insurrection 
at  Bastia.  General  Paoli  will  easily  be  able  to  quell  it  when 
he  receives  the  assistance  of  two  frigates  and  some  additional 
troops  which  are  ordered  to  be  sent  to  him.  The  Due  de 
Choiseul  and  the  Comte  Charles  de  Damas  are  taken  and  are 
in  prison  at  Verdun  :  it  is  not  known  whether  Mr  de  Bouille 
has  escaped ;  his  son  was  at  Varennes  but  finding  the  game 
lost  he  thought  proper  to  retreat.  The  father  had  trusted  too 
much  in  the  obedience  of  his  soldiers  and  it  was  imagined  the 
inhabitants  of  the  country  would  be  less  eager  to  prevent  the 
King's  departure.  Mr  de  Fersen  the  principal  contriver  of  this 
scheme  is  safely  arrived  in  Flanders. 

Had  the  King  forced  his  way  through  Varennes  he  would 
have  found  the  bridge  beyond  the  town  barracaded  in  such  a 
manner  that  it  would  have  been  impossible  for  him  to  have 
proceeded  on  his  journey. 


^ 


Paris,  June  27,  1791. 

As  almost  every  circumstance  which  can  afford  matter 
of  intelligence  for  your  Lordship  must  now  come  before  the 
Assembly,  I  send,  and  shall  continue  to  send,  the  Logographe, 
which  journal  not  only  gives  the  most  accurate  and  litteral 
accounts  of  the  debates  but  gives  also  exact  copies  of  the  most 
interesting  papers  that  are  laid  before  the  Assembly. 

The  affair  of  the  passport,  which  had  nearly  caused  the 
destruction  of  Mr  Montmorin's  house,  is  simply  this.  That 
minister  had  given  the  duplicate  of  a  passport  to  a  Baronne  de 
Corff,  a  Livonian  lady,  having  been  informed  by  Mr  Simolin, 
who  was  persuaded  of  the  fact,  that  par  distraction  she  had 
burnt  the  original.  ]\Ir  Montmorin  has  been  publickly  declared 
irreprochable  in  this  affair. 


BARNAVE.  101 

Some  of  the  King's  and  Queen's  principal  friends  were 
yesterday  permitted  to  approach  them.  It  is  supposed  that  the 
Due  de  la  Rochefoucauld  will  be  appointed  Governor  to  the 
Dauphin. 

Three  commissioners  are  appointed  to  receive  the  declara- 
tions of  the  King  and  Queen :  they  were  with  their  Majesties 
last  night  for  the  space  of  three  hours  but  the  result  of  that 
interview  is  not  yet  known. 

Mr  de  Bouille  is  out  of  France. 


P.utis,  July  1,  1791. 

The  party  of  Barnave  the  Lameths  and  Duport,  having 
almost  entirely  lost  their  ill-deserved  popularity,  shewed,  before 
the  late  event,  an  inclination  to  change  their  system  of  politics, 
in  order  to  preserve  their  importance :  the  present  state  of 
things  has  afforded  them  an  opportunity  of  adopting  a  new 
line  of  conduct,  and  a  sort  of  coalition  has  taken  place  between 
them  and  the  aristocratic  party  which  will  probably  not  last 
long. 

When  Mr  Duport  proposed  last  Wednesday  in  the  name  of 
the  Committee  of  Constitution,  which  was  attended  on  that 
occasion  by  Mr  Cazales,  a  confederation  on  the  fourth  of 
August,  the  time  calculated  for  the  completion  of  the  Consti- 
tution and  the  consequent  dissolution  of  the  Assembly  he  had 
in  view  a  solemn  federative  reintegration  of  the  King  upon  his 
acceptance  of  the  Constitution.  The  loss  of  this  motion  in  the 
Assembly,  Avhcre  the  Republican  party  is  much  less  considerable 
than  in  the  country  at  large  does  not  augur  well  in  I'avor  of 
the  supporters  of  that  system.  I  inclose  printed  coi^ies  of  the 
King's  and  Queen's  Declaration ;  by  the  former  it  apjsears  that 
it  was  his  Majesty's  intention  to  proceed  no  farther  than  Mont- 
medi,  where  he  expected  to  be  protected  by  the  troops  under 
the  command  of  Mr  de  Bouille.  In  a  most  imprudent  letter 
from  that  commander  to  the  Assembly  it  is  asserted  that  it 
was  by  his  instigation  that  the  King  was  persuaded  to  tliis 


102  JULY,  1791. 

measure :  he  trusted,  without  sufficient  reason  in  the  obedience 
of  the  troops,  and  I  fear  the  King  trusted  too  much  in  the 
attachment  of  his  subjects  out  of  Paris. 

The  Royal  Famih^,  though  strictly  guarded,  have  their  usual 
intercourse  with  one  another  and  give  a  list  to  Mr  la  Fayette  of 
those  persons  whom  they  wish  to  see.  It  has  been  signified  to 
the  King  through  Mr  de  Montmorin  that,  in  the  present  cir- 
cumstances, the  Ambassadors  think  it  their  duty  not  to  appear 
at  the  Thuilleries  without  his  Majesty's  orders  to  that 
purpose. 

The  Assembly  have  not  yet  elected  a  Governor  for  the 
Dauphin  :  they  have  declared  that  no  member  of  their  body 
shall  be  eligible,  which  prevents  the  nomination  of  Mr  de  la 
Rochefoucauld.  The  partie  droite  has  taken  no  part  in  the 
debates  upon  this  subject  nor  indeed  scarcely  upon  any  other 
since  the  King's  return. 

The  primary  Assemblies  are  almost  all  finished  and  no  in- 
considerate corruption  has  been  used  to  influence  the  choice  of 
electors.  The  electoral  Assemblies  are  suspended  till  the  fer- 
mentation all  over  the  kingdom  shall  be  subsided.  The 
Judges  lately  chosen  for  the  Criminal  Tribunal  of  Paris  and 
many  of  the  electors  for  the  next  Legislature  are  the  Elite  of 
republicanism  :  the  same  spirit  I  believe  does  not  pervade  the 
kingdom. 

The  members  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Saint  Domingo 
are  permitted  to  return  to  their  island,  but  an  advance  of 
money  which  they  requested  has  been  refused.  The  troubles  in 
Corsica  are  nearly  quelled  your  Lordship  undoubtedly  knows 
that  the  Count  d'Artois  has  met  his  brother  at  Brussels. 


Paris,  Juhj  4,  1791. 

I  take  the  first  opportunity  of  sending  to  your  Lordship 
a  letter  I  received  on  Saturday  evening  from  Mr  Montmorin 
inclosing  copies  of  one  from  Mr  Thevenard  to  him  and  another 
from  Mr  le  Chapelier  to  Mr  Thevenard. 


THE   DUKE   OF   ORLEANS.  103 

I  have  received  your  Lordship's  instructions  by  Mr  Moore  to 
which  I  need  not  add  that  I  shall  pay  the  greatest  attention. 
As  the  Assembly  is  now  become  the  great  channel  for  informa- 
tion I  shall  for  the  future  take  the  liberty  of  sending  the  Logo- 
graphe  regularly  by  this  day's  post.  In  No.  67  there  is  an 
interesting  letter  from  the  commissioners  appointed  for  the 
Departments  of  the  Meuse,  Moselle,  and  Ardennes :  as  a 
supplement  to  which  I  inclose  extracts  of  two  letters  which 
have  been  communicated  to  me. 

The  Duke  of  Orleans  has  declared  publickly  that  he  would 
refuse  the  Regency  if  it  were  offered  to  him :  it  is  reported,  as 
another  proof  of  his  humility,  that  he  has  signified  to  the 
Duchess  that  since  there  are  no  longer  Princes  in  France  she 
must  expect  a  pied  a  terre  instead  of  a  palace  at  Paris,  and 
that  the  state  of  his  affairs  obliges  him  to  reduce  her  pin 
money  to  a  thousand  livres  per  month. 

In  the  present  situation  of  things  in  this  country  one  is 
not  surprized  that  slight  occurrences  should  afford  matter  for 
serious  alarm :  but  one  cannot  help  smiling  when  some  few 
vessels  are'  mistaken^  for  the  British  fleet  and  that  by  so 
egregious  a  mistake  a  whole  country  should  be  in  arms. 

The  fears  that  the  inhabitants  express  of  a  Spanish  invasion 
are  equally  well  grounded. 


PAras,  Juli/  8,  1791. 

Having  received  a  letter  from  Nantes  stating  that  on 
the  29th  of  June  a  body  of  national  troops  had  come  on  board 
the  Endeavour  of  London,  and  the  Commerce  of  Newcastle,  and 
demanded  their  sails  which  they  took  away,  although  they  had 
no  article  on  board  which  had  not  been  regularly  entered  at 
the  Custom  house ;  I  wrote  inniiediately  to  Mr  Montmorin 
desiring  him  to  procure  orders  for  the  restoration  of  the  sails 
and  leave  for  the   departure  of  the  vessels :    the  next  day  I 

1  This  refers  to  letters  from  Nantes  expressing  fear  of  an  English  descent  in 
conjunction  with  the  flight  of  the  King  and  a  belief  that  it  had  already  taken 
l)lace. 


104  JULY,  1791. 

received  a  note  from  him  inclosing  a  decree  of  the  National 
Assembly,  both  of  which  I  send  to  your  Lordship.  I  have  this 
instant  received  a  letter  from  the  master  of  one  of  those  vessels 
informing  me  that  their  sails  are  brought  back  to  them  and 
that  they  have  permission  to  leave  the  port.  The  cause  of 
their  detention  was  the  appearance  of  some  French  West  India 
men  off  the  coast  between  Belleisle  and  Noirmoutier  which 
were  supposed  to  be  part  of  the  British  fleet :  the  appearance 
of  these  vessels  and  an  attempt  made  by  about  a  hundred 
aristocrates  in  Britanny  to  embark  for  Jersey,  (which  embar- 
cation  was  somehow  mistaken  for  a  debarcation  of  six  thousand 
English,)  were  sufficient  to  alarm  the  whole  coast  from  Brest 
to  Rochefort :  from  thence  to  the  Mediterranean  the  country 
was  alarmed  by  a  report  of  an  irruption  of  the  Spaniards  occa- 
sioned by  a  skirmish  with  the  smugglers  on  the  frontiers,  a 
strong  proof  how  much  this  country  is  at  present  on  the  qui 
vive.  The  real  cause  of  the  report  of  the  English  invasion  was 
known  almost  as  soon  as  the  report  itself;  but  with  regard  to 
the  other,  the  Spanish  Ambassador  thought  himself  obliged  to 
write  to  Mr  Montmorin  in  order  to  satisfy  the  minds  of  people 
of  the  falsity  of  that  report :  your  Lordship  may  see  his  letter 
in  the  Logographe  No.  70. 

Nothing  of  any  moment  has  passed  either  in  or  out  of  the 
Assembly  except  the  declarations  signed  by  two  hundred  and 
ninety  members  of  the  Assembly  which  I  inclose  a  decree 
concerning  the  emigrants  will  probably  be  passed  tomorrow. 

The  delicacy  and  prudence  necessary  to  be  observed  in  any 
ulterior  measure  with  regard  to  the  King  and  the  Royal 
Family  have  occasioned  a  suspension  of  any  deliberation  upon 
that  subject. 

It  appears,  by  the  accounts  of  the  commissioners  sent  by 
the  Assembly  to  the  several  departments,  that  in  all  the  regi- 
ments many  of  the  officers,  and  in  some  a  few  of  the  soldiers 
have  quitted  the  kingdom.  The  former  having  signified  to 
the  soldiers  of  their  regiments  that  if  they  would  leave  the 
kingdom  and  join  them  they  had  full  power  from  the  King 
to  give  them  advanced  rank  his  Majesty  has  written  to  the 
Assembly  denying  that  he  has  given  any  such  powers  and  he 


THE   REPUBLICAN   PARTY.  105 

takes  the  opportunity  of  repeating  that  his  intention  was  to  go 
no  farther  than  Montmddi. 

The  Republican  party  certainly  looses  ground  and  conscious 
of  their  weakness  some  of  the  heads  of  that  party  declare  that 
they  will  be  contented  with  tine  monarchie  sans  monarque  ou 
une  r^gence  sans  7-egent. 

It  is  said  that  the  Empress  of  Russia  has  proposed  a  treaty 
with  this  country  and  the  very  long  conferences  which  I 
observe  between  Mr  Simolin  and  Mr  Montmorin  favor  that 
supposition. 


Paris,  Jiihj  15,  1791. 
I  send  inclosed  to  your  Lordship  a  printed  copy  of  a 
petition  presented  to  the  National  Assembly  by  Mr  Roume  de 
Saint  Laurent  in  which  he  styles  himself  charged  by  the 
Minister  of  the  Marine  to  answer  the  complaints  of  the  Eng- 
lish creditors. 

The  decree  of  last  Saturday  which  subjects  to  a  treble 
taxation  those  emigrants  who  do  not  return  within  a  month  is 
generally  considered  as  the  best  measure  that  could  be  adopted 
in  the  present  circumstances  of  the  country. 

The  army,  according  to  Mr  Duportail's  papers  laid  before 
the  Assembly,  will  only  amount  to  about  two  hundred  and  forty 
thousand  men  including  infantry  cavalry  artillery  and  the 
National  Guard. 

The  commissioners  who  were  sent  to  inspect  the  frontiers 
have  given  a  very  unfavorable  report  of  the  state  of  the 
fortifications  particularly  at  Metz  and  the  garrison  towns  in 
the  department  of  the  Ardennes ;  at  the  former  there  is  one 
place  entirely  open  and  defenceless :  they  complain  also  of  a 
great  want  of  military  stores  and  ammunition  excepting  cannon, 
wdth  which  they  are  abundantly  supplied. 

The  procession  in  honor  of  Voltaire  which  took  place  on 
Monday  seemed  more  calculated  to  give  entertainment  to 
children  than  to  have  any  good  or  even  bad  effect  excepting 
that  it  afforded  an  excuse  for  one  whole  days  idleness;  a  thing 
which  he  himself  used  often  to  lament. 


106  JULY,  1791. 

The  celebration  of  the  fourteenth  consisted  of  a  procession 
and  a  Te  Deum  sung  before  the  altar  de  la  Patrie  in  the 
Champ  de  Mars,  which  appeared  to  be  almost  as  crowded  as  it 
was  at  this  time  last  year.  It  has  been  occupied  this  morning 
by  a  large  concourse  of  people  who  assembled  there  in  order  to 
sign  a  petition  to  the  National  Assembly  requesting  them  to 
bring  the  King  to  a  trial.  A  great  majority  of  the  Assembly, 
consisting  of  the  moderate  party,  the  aristocratic  party  and 
that  of  the  Lameths  and  Barnave  during  the  two  days  that 
have  already  been  emj)loyed  in  debates  upon  this  subject  have 
shewn  themselves  determined  to  support  the  plan  of  the 
seven  united  committees :  which  is  to  respect  the  inviolability 
of  the  King  but  to  suspend  his  functions  till  the  completion  of 
the  Constitution :  when  they  propose  to  offer  the  Charter  of  the 
Constitution  for  his  acceptance  or  refusal. 

I  this  moment  learn  that  the  Assembly  has  decided  that  the 
Kins  shall  not  be  mis  en  cause. 

Mr  Duveyrier  who  carried  the  decree  of  the  Assembly  to 
the  Prince  of  Conde  has  not  been  heard  of  since  he  followed 
that  Prince  to  Coblentz. 


Paris,  July  18,  1791. 

The  proceedings  of  the  National  Assembly  on  Friday 
last  with  regard  to  the  King  having  occasioned  much  fer- 
mentation and  the  next  morning  a  crowd  of  people  assembled 
round  the  Autel  de  la  Patrie  being  harrangued  by  deputations 
from  the  club  of  the  Jacobins,  who  not  only  spoke  of  the  King 
and  the  Royal  Family  in  the  most  opprobrious  terms  but 
reviled  the  Assembly,  they  gave  directions  to  the  Ministers, 
the  Department  and  the  Municipality  to  use  every  possible 
exertion  in  order  to  maintain  peace  and  enforce  the  laws. 

Yesterday  morning  two  unfortunate  men  were  discovered 
concealed  under  the  Autel  de  la  Patrie  it  is  supposed  out  of  a 
mere  frolic,  for  which  they  payed  dear.  It  was  spread  about 
that  they  were  concealed  there  with  a  design  to  blow  up  the 
altar,  and    summary  justice   was   executed   upon   them :    their 


THE   AUTEL   DE   LA   PATRIE.  107 

heads  being  severed  from  their  bodies  were  carried  on  spikes 
and  the  mangled  bodies  dragged  in  a  horrid  manner  along  the 
streets ;  a  troop  of  cavalry  to  the  amount  of  some  hundreds 
and  infantry  arrived  time  enough  to  prevent  this  horrid 
spectacle  from  being  exhibited  in  the  midst  of  Paris ;  but 
as  soon  as  they  were  departed  the  crowd  reassembled  in  the 
Champ  de  Mars,  and  it  was  judged  expedient  that  Mr  la  Fayette 
and  the  Mayor  of  Paris  should  go  there  with  a  considerable 
force  and  proclaim  Martial  Law.  Being,  not  only  insulted  but 
pelted  with  stones  the  Guards  were  at  length  obliged  to  fire : 
ten  or  twelve  men  are  said  to  be  killed  about  as  many  wounded 
and  some  are  carried  to  prison.  Paris  is  at  present  perfectly 
quiet.  I  intend  to  send  Flint  with  more  particulars  in  the  course 
of  this  day,  or  tomorrow  at  furthest. 


Paris,  Jubj  18,  1791. 

It  has  been  stated  in  the  Assembly  that,  so  far  from 
being  hasty  to  give  orders  to  fire  upon  the  people  in  the  late 
affair  at  the  Champ  de  Mars,  the  National  Guard  had  received 
repeated  volleys  of  stones  and  a  musket  had  been  discharged  at 
Mr  la  Fayette  before  he  gave  orders  to  fire  :  the  man  who 
attempted  this  desperate  act  was  seized  but  released  at  Mr 
la  Fayette's  desire,  but,  by  a  decree  of  the  Assembly  his  person 
is  ordered  to  be  secured :  the  activity  of  the  National  Guard 
has  maintained  the  peace  and  tranquillity  of  Paris,  of  the 
continuance  of  which  there  is  a  most  flattering  prospect :  one 
cannot  however  help  being  anxious  to  hear  that  the  same  order 
has  taken  place  in  the  provinces. 

A  considerable  number  of  suspicious  foreigners  have  been 
taken  up  today  but  none,  as  your  Lordship  may  easily  imagine, 
are  English :  the  most  conspicuous  is  one  Ephraim  a  Jew,  sup- 
posed to  be  employed  by  the  King  of  Prussia ;  cyphers  were 
found  in  his  possession  but,  as  he  declares  he  is  employed  about 
a  commercial  treaty,  he  may  have  made  use  of  them  without 
an  improper  design.  Although  I  am  convinced  that  none  of 
the    many  English  who   arc  here   arc   in  the   least  personally 


108  JULY,  1791. 

concerned  in  the  politics  of  this  country,  I  endeavour  to  persuade 
them  to  use  all  possible  caution  in  words  as  well  as  action,  the 
more  so  as  an  opinion  is  gone  abroad  that  both  Government 
and  Opposition  in  England  have  tampered  with  the  democratic 
party  here.  The  members  of  the  Jacobins  who  are  deputies, 
except  Mr  Roberspierre  Mr  Buzot  and  Mr  Pethion,  have  quitted 
that  club  and  have  composed  another  at  the  feuillants.  They 
have  also  written  addresses  to  all  the  provincial  societies  con- 
nected with  the  club  of  the  Jacobins  in  order  to  prevent  the 
bad  effects  wdiich  the  addresses  sent  by  that  club  may  otherwise 
have  in  the  provinces. 


Paeis,  July  18,  1791. 

The  chief  advantage  that  Government  has  obtained  by 
the  coalition  with  the  formerly  popular  party  is  more  visible  in 
the  metropolis  than  it  can  be  expected  to  be  in  the  provinces, 
the  strong  [Forts  de  la  Halle]  men  of  the  market  and  the 
suburb  of  St  Anthony  and  the  most  wealthy  bankers  here 
appear  to  be  still  at  their  command,  and,  feeling  secure  of  the 
National  Guard,  they  have  exerted  the  public  force  in  a 
manner  in  which  they  otherwise  could  not  have  ventured 
to  act. 

Though  the  rage  of  republicanism  may  be  overcome,  it  will 
be  difficult  to  conquer  the  disgust  the  King's  conduct  has 
inspired. 


Paris,  July  22,  1791. 

As  long  as  the  red  flag  continues  to  be  displayed  at  the 
Hotel  de  Ville  we  may  expect  to  feel  the  effects  of  that  energy 
which  military  law  has  given  to  Government.  A  wonderful 
change  has  taken  place  since  the  disturbances  of  the  17th  com- 
pelled the  majority  of  the  Assembly  to  be  sensible  of  its  power. 
It  is  calculated  that  two  hundred  people  have  been  imprisoned 
since  that  event,  upon  suspicion  of  fomenting  sedition  by  writing 


DANTON   AND   ROBESPIERRE.  109 

or  by  other  means.  Dauton  is  fled  and  Mr  Robespierre  the  great 
Denonciateur  and  by  office  Accusateur  puhlique  is  about  to  be 
denonce  himself.  Ejjhraim  the  Jew  is  set  at  liberty ;  but  a 
woman  of  the  name  of  Etta  Palm,  who  used  to  assume  the  title 
of  Baronne  d'Aelders,  is  confined  upon  the  same  suspicion. 

Some  addresses  are  arrived  in  favor  of  the  decree  of  the 
loth^  the  strongest  of  which  is  that  from  Rouen ;  there  can  be 
no  doubt  that  the  country  at  large  approves  of  that  decree  but 
it  will  be  wise  in  the  Assembly  to  hasten  the  business  that 
remains  for  them  to  finish  and  to  make  way  for  their  successors 
for  in  a  short  time  tempus  abire  tihi  will  be  told  them  from  all 
quarters;  and  their  resemblance  to  the  Long  Parliament  begins 
to  be  a  common  topic. 

The  alarm  of  an  invasion  from  Germany  is  in  no  degree 
diminisht ;  and  the  stay  of  the  King  of  Sweden  at  Aix  la 
Chapelle,  who  has  recalled  all  the  Swedish  officers  in  the  French 
service,  is  regarded  in  an  unfavorable  light.  Although  implicit 
faith  is  not  to  be  given  to  Mr  de  Montesquieu's  account  of  the 
bad  state  of  the  fortifications,  for  there  are  many  reasons  to 
suppose  it  exaggerated,  yet,  on  the  other  hand,  Mr  du  Portail, 
in  his  contradiction  of  that  report,  is  possibly  in  the  other 
extreme.  The  most  alarming  circumstance  in  the  situation  of 
that  country  is  the  total  insubordination  of  the  soldiers  which 
Mr  Emmery  was  obliged  to  state  yesterday  to  the  Assembly  in 
order  that  speedy  means  may  be  taken  to  render  them  subordi- 
nate to  their  officers ;  for  the  few  who  have  not  either  given  their 
dismission,  been  dismist  by  their  men  or  gone  over  to  Germany 
complain  that  it  is  impossible,  in  the  present  state  of  things,  to 
expect  obedience  from  the  soldiers.  Many  regiments  have  been 
treated  much  in  the  same  manner  as  that  of  Nassau,  of  which 
your  Loi'dship  will  see  an  account  in  this  day's  Logographe.  It 
is  certain  that  an  engagement  had  nearly  taken  place  at  Metz 
between  that  regiment  and  the  regiment  de  Conde. 

The  Swiss  troops  have  received  orders  from  their  Cantons 
not  to  take  the  new  oath;  which  will  place  them  in  a  pre- 
dicament very  different  from  that  of  the  I'est  of  the  army. 

1  This  decree,  passed  on  July  15,  de(;la.red  that  the  King  was  to  be  considered 
to  have  abdicated,  and  summoned  BouilK-  and  his  accomplices  for  trial. 


110  JULY,   1701. 

Upon  the  whole  the  National  Assembly  was  never  more 
puzzled  how  to  act  than  in  the  present  crisis  and  the  confusion 
of  parties  impedes  the  action  of  the  seven  committees  in  whom 
resides  the  executive  power. 

Considerable  quantities  of  copper,  originally  intended  for 
copper-sheathing  men  of  war,  have  been  sent  to  the  Mint  from 
all  the  dock  yards. 

Mr  Duveyrier  is  at  last  arrived;  according  to  his  account,  he 
was  detained  22  days  at  Luxembourg  without  having  permission 
to  write  to  France:  but,  for  further  particulars,  I  must  refer 
your  Lordship,  (for  want  of  time)  to  this  evening's  Postilion,  in 
which  there  is  a  speech  of  Mr  Alexandre  Lameth  worth  your 
Lordship's  notice. 


Paeis,  Jtdy  29,  1791. 

At  the  end  of  eight  days  after  the  first  proclamation  of 
Martial  Law  it  ceased,  of  course,  to  be  in  force:  but  the  As- 
sembly has  passed  a  decree  resembling  our  Riot  Act  which  will 
tend  to  prevent  future  disturbances.  Of  those  who  have  been 
lately  arrested  all  the  foreigners  and  rnost  of  those  who  are  of  a 
democratic  persuasion  have  been  released.  It  is  said  that 
prudential  motives  more  than  want  of  sufficient  grounds  of 
accusation  have  caused  them  to  set  at  liberty  Ephraim  and 
Madame  Adders  who  plume  themselves  much  upon  this  proof 
of  their  innocence. 

Since  it  has  been  publicly  known  that  Mr  de  Bouille  has 
entered  into  the  service  of  the  King  of  Sweden  and  that  con- 
siderable preparations  are  making  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Rhine,  the  approaching  war  is  mentioned  without  mystery  and, 
in  spite  of  Mr  Lameth's  statement  the  notoriously  defenceless 
state  of  the  frontiers  gives  cause  for  serious  alarms.  Three 
thousand  five  hundred  National  Guards,  half  of  which  number 
are  now  encamped  in  the  Plaine  de  Grenelle  close  to  this  town, 
will  set  out  from  hence  in  a  few  days  for  the  defence  of  that 
part  of  France ;  they  are  composed  of  young  raw  undisciplined 
but  otherwise  able  bodied  men:  their  pay  15  sols  per  diem  is 


FALSE   ASSIGN  ATS.  Ill 

SO  much  superior  to  that  of  the  regular  troops  that  it  may 
occasion  a  jealousy  productive  of  bad  consequences  during  the 
present  want  of  discipline  in  the  army:  another  cause  of  discon- 
tent among  the  regulars  is  an  order  given  to  pay  the  Swiss 
soldiers  in  specie  in  consequence  of  their  having  received  orders 
from  their  Cantons  not  to  receive  assignats  in  payment  of  their 
solde,  a  distinction  very  liable  to  create  a  jealousy.  Landau  is 
thought  to  be  the  place  most  easy  to  be  taken,  and  the  more  so 
since  three  engineers,  who  were  employed  in  putting  it  into 
a  state  of  defence,  have  escaped  to  Luxembourg. 

Mr  du  Veyrier's  mission  having  failed  in  all  respects,  the 
leading  members  of  the  Assembly  wish  to  try  what  effect  a  sort 
of  remonstrance  by  way  of  ultimatum  may  have  upon  the 
Princes,  which  it  is  proposed  to  have  presented  to  them  by  the 
Chevalier  de  Coignie  their  intimate  friend  and  one  who  pro- 
fesses the  principles  of  the  aristocratic  party ;  the  only  certain 
effect  of  this  measure  is  the  procuring  to  the  Chevalier  an  op- 
portunity of  (putting  the  kingdom. 

The  Committee  of  Revision  have  finished  the  Cliarte  Con- 
stitutionelle  which  will  be  soon  offered  to  the  King  for  his  ac- 
ceptance. I  understand  he  has  seen  it  and  has  made  some  few 
observations  upon  it  but  which,  according  to  the  French  phrase 
ne  tireront  pas  a  consequence. 

A  great  number  of  false  assignats  have  lately  appeared 
which  at  present  embarrass  only  individuals  but  in  the  end  they 
may  affect  public  credit.  The  demand  for  the  principal  manu- 
factures of  this  country  is  so  great  that  the  manufacturers  com- 
plain only  of  the  want  of  a  sufficient  number  of  journey-men 
who  are  willing  to  work. 

I  have  this  moment  received  a  letter  from  Mr  Montmorin 
inclosing  one  from  the  Departement  de  la  Loire  inferioure,  both 
of  which  I  inclose  to  your  Lordship. 


Pakis,  Aiipuxt  5,  1791. 
I  send  inclosed  a  letter  from  Mr  de  Montmorin  inclosing 
one  from  Mr  Thcvenard  by  which  your  Lordshi])  will  perceive 
that  Mr  Landolph  has  no  authority  whatever  from  the  French 


112  AUGUST,    1791. 

Government  to  demand  a  duty  from  vessels  which  frequent  the 
river  Formosa ;  and  that  in  general  the  French  claim  no  pre- 
tentions to  restrain  the  freedom  of  commerce  of  other  nations 
on  that  part  of  the  coast  of  Africa. 

Mr  Thevenard  adds  that  he  will  make  further  inquiries  con- 
cerning that  business  in  order,  if  it  found  proper,  to  oblige 
Mr  Landolph  to  make  restitution. 

Some  officers  of  artillery  just  arrived  from  Martinico  having 
imprudently  landed  at  I'Orient,  where  the  colonial  regiments 
which  have  been  sent  from  the  West-Indies  are  quartered,  had 
nearly  occasioned  a  very  alarming  disturbance :  the  soldiers  ac- 
cused them  of  having  treated  them  with  the  most  shocking 
barbarity  and  demanded  their  immediate  punishment:  it  was 
with  the  greatest  difficulty  that  the  municipality,  by  the  assist- 
ance of  some  troops  of  artillery  and  the  National  Guard,  con- 
veyed them  to  a  place  of  safety.  Tranquillity  was  not  restored 
when  the  last  accounts  left  that  place. 

At  Douay  the  dissentions  among  the  regular  troops  had 
arisen  to  such  a  height  that  they  were  proceeding  to  take  the 
cannon  from  the  barracks  in  order  to  come  to  an  engagement. 
But  the  Department  and  municipality  have,  by  their  influence, 
prevented  them  from  proceeding  to  this  extremity.  In  order  to 
avoid  as  much  as  possible  any  cause  of  jealousy  between  the 
troops  of  the  line  and  the  National  Guard,  it  was  yesterday 
decreed  that  the  Troupe  Soldee  of  the  National  Guard  of  Paris, 
consisting  of  nine  thousand  men,  shall  be  considered  as  regular 
soldiers  and  enjoy  their  present  pay,  but  that,  if  they  shall  act 
on  the  frontiers  they  shall  receive  only  the  pay  of  the  rest  of 
the  army  and  that  every  three  months  they  shall  receive  a 
,  surplus  to  the  amount  of  their  present  pay  by  way  of  gratuity. 

The  history  of  the  formation  of  our  small  camp  is  rather 
curious :  it  has  remained  for  ten  days  at  the  walls  of  the  metro- 
polis, a  sufficient  time  to  destroy  the  health  and  morals  of  the 
soldiers,  but  it  is  now  removed  nearer  to  the  frontiers:  it  appears 
that  it  was  formed  by  the  orders  of  the  Department  without 
the  authority  of  either  the  Commandant  General  or  the  Minister 
of  the  War  Department.  Mr  de  Rochambeau  having  declined 
to  accept  the  command  of  the  whole  eastern  frontier,  General 


PROJET    DE    LA    CONSTITUTION.  11  o 

Luckner  will  have  the  command  in  Alsace  and  Franche 
Comt^. 

Two  hundred  men  of  the  Regiment  de  Berwick  have  ac- 
companied their  Colonel  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  into  Ger- 
many. 

I  inclose  a  printed  copy  of  the  Projet  de  la  Constitution 
Frangaise  which  the  Committees  of  Constitution  and  Revision 
have  presented  to  the  Assembly.  It  is  supposed  that  it  will  be 
debated  for  some  days  in  the  Assembly  before  it  is  offered  to 
the  King  for  his  acceptance.  The  great  difficulty  seems  to  be 
how  this  is  to  be  done ;  if  in  his  present  state  of  confinement  it 
will  be  a  mere  mockery  ;  if  he  is  previously  allowed  his  liberty  it 
is  uncertain  what  use  he  may  make  of  it ;  so  far  however  from 
that  being  the  case  at  present  the  guard  at  the  Thuilleries  has 
been  increased  within  these  two  days.  It  is  generally  believed 
that  the  King  will  go  either  to  Rambouillet  or  Fontainebleau, 
where  he  will  accept  the  Constitution,  but  after  that  it  is  not 
expected  that  he  will  continue  long  in  that  situation. 

The  public  funds,  the  exchange  with  foreign  nations,  and 
the  value  of  assignats  have  fallen  considerably  since  Mr  Friteau 
informed  the  Assembly  that  the  hostile  preparations  in  Germany 
have  a  very  alarming  appearance.  The  suppression  of  all  orders 
of  knighthood,  in  which  proof  of  nobility  are  required,  has  at  last 
been  decreed ;  being  in  the  spirit  of  the  present  Constitution  it 
would  have  taken  place  sooner  had  it  not  been  for  some  difficulty 
with  regard  to  the  Knights  of  Malta  who  are  to  be  debarred  the 
rights  of  French  citizens. 

Whenever  the  Prince  of  Condi's  business  has  been  men- 
tioned in  the  Assembly  a  debate  upon  the  subject  has  been 
postponed  upon  some  frivolous  reason,  because  they  do  not  yet 
despair  of  having  some  answer  from  that  quarter  through  the 
means  of  the  Chevalier  de  Coigny.     Vain  hopes. 

The  Assembly  has  shewn  a  determination  to  treat  the  re- 
fractory priests  and  monks  with  little  tenderness :  it  is  proposed 
to  send  them  thirty  leagues  from  the  frontiers,  and  in  other 
instances  ten  leagues  from  the  place  of  their  former  residence, 
or  even  to  oblige  them  to  reside  at  Paris. 

P.S.  The  elections  for  the  new  Legislature  are  to  begin  on 
G.  C.  8 


114  AUGUST,  1791. 

the  twenty  fifth  of  this  month  so  that  by  the  fifth  of  September 
a  new  legislative  body  will  be  chosen. 


Paris,  August  12,  1791. 

I  was  in  an  error  when  I  informed  your  Lordship  that 
martial  law  had  ceased  to  be  in  force  at  the  end  of  a  week  after 
it  was  proclaimed :  it  was  not  till  last  Sunday  that  the  red  flag 
was  taken  down ;  the  immediate  consequence  of  which  was  that 
groups  began  to  assemble  as  usual  in  the  Palais  Royal ;  but, 
finding  the  activity  of  the  National  Guard  in  no  manner  relaxed, 
the  orators  among  them  have  not  ventured  to  preach  sedition 
as  formerly.  The  dilatoriness  with  which  they  proceed  to  bring 
to  trial  those  people  who  have  been  imprisoned  on  account  of 
the  late  riots  proceeds  from  a  hope  that  an  amnesty,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  King's  acceptance  of  the  Constitution,  will  save 
them  all  further  trouble  in  that  business.  If  one  may  be  allowed 
to  conjecture,  the  person  who  most  of  all  must  desire  to  have 
the  prisons  emptied  without  the  trial  of  the  prisoners  is  the 
Duke  of  Orleans. 

Mr  Barnave  seems  to  have  undertaken  to  carry  through  the 
Assembly  the  Acte  Constitutionnel  as  proposed  by  the  com- 
mittees :  it  will  be  owing  to  his  abilities  if  no  democratical 
amendments  are  introduced  into  it.  He  resisted  with  success 
the  attempt  of  the  Republicans  who  wished  to  prevent  the  King 
from  being  acknowledged  a  representative  of  the  nation,  and 
yesterday  he  defended  with  superior  abilities  the  plan  of  the 
committee,  to  require  no  other  qualification  for  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  than  that  of  being  citoyen  actif,  but  to  augment 
the  amount  of  the  contribution  which  it  is  necessary  to  pay  in 
order  to  have  the  qualification  of  an  elector. 

The  alarms  which  Mr  Freteau's  speech  occasioned  have  con- 
siderably subsided  and  the  public  funds  have  risen  accordingly. 
The  divisions  which  are  known  to  subsist  among  the  emigrants 
render  the  preparations  on  the  other  side  of  the  Rhine  less 
formidable  than  they  would  otherwise  be :  it  is  known  that  they 
are  divided  into  two  parties ;  that  of  the  Prince  of  Condd  and 


PARTIES   AMONG   THE    ^MIGRlfiS.  115 

Mr  de  Calonne,  and  that  of  the  Baron  de  Breteuil  and  Mr  Bouille : 
the  Queen  is  as  adverse  to  the  former  as  she  is  partial  to  the 
latter :  this  occasions  another  division  in  the  party  of  the 
Princes  and  accounts  for  the  coolness  which  subsists  between 
the  Comte  d'  Artois  and  the  Prince  of  Conde.  Notwithstanding 
Mr  de  Bouille's  assertions  in  his  letter,  Mr  de  Breteuil  was  the 
soul  of  that  undertaking ;  the  chief  part  which  the  General  per- 
formed was  the  contriving  to  keep  the  towns  under  his  command 
in  the  worst  state  of  defence  possible. 

To  judge  by  the  little  progress  that  has  been  already  made 
in  it,  the  Assembly  will  employ  three  or  four  days  more  in 
debating  upon  the  Acte  Constitutionnel,  They  have  not  yet 
decided  how  it  shall  be  offered  to  the  King  for  his  acceptance : 
there  seems  to  be  little  doubt  that  he  will  accept  it.  While 
Mr  de  Coigny  is  negotiating  with  the  Princes,  the  Abb^  Louis, 
a  friend  of  the  late  Bishop  of  Autun,  is  sent  with  a  mission  of 
the  same  sort  to  Brussels. 

The  Spanish  Ambassador  purposes  to  leave  this  place  soon, 
in  order  to  visit  his  relations  the  Duke  and  Duchess  of  Rohan 
who  are  ill  at  Nice. 

The  language  that  Mr  le  Chapelier  holds  to  those  who  have 
conversed  with  him  concerning  Tobago  gives  them  but  faint 
hopes  that  he  will  make  the  report  upon  that  subject,  notwith- 
standing the  letters  I  had  the  honor  of  sending  to  your  Lord- 
ship. Mr  Boume  de  Saint-Laurent,  the  British  creditors'  prin- 
cipal adversary,  is  appointed  Commissioner  to  Saint  Domingo ; 
whether  that  is  meant  as  a  reward  it  is  difficult  to  say ;  con- 
sidering the  state  of  that  island,  his  office  is  not  to  be  envied. 

The  Swedish  Ambassador  does  not  positively  deny  the  au- 
thenticity of  the  King  of  Sweden's  letter  in  the  Logographe  of 
yesterday. 


Paris,  Au/just  1'.),  1701. 

I  have  communicated  to  Mr  de  Montmorin  the  reply  of 
the  mortgage  creditors  of  the  island  of  Tobago  to  the  answer 
on  their  claims,  and  I  have  obtained  a  fresh  assurance  from  that 

« -7 


116  AUGUST,   1791. 

minister  that  Mr  le  Chapelier  shall  make  the  report  upon  that 
business,  or  na.me  some  other  person  to  make  it,  before  the  ex- 
piration of  the  present  National  Assembl}^ 

The  Abbd  Louis  is  returned  from  Brussels,  where  he  found 
the  Comte  de  Mercy  not  disposed  to  treat  with  him :  the  Abb^ 
scruples  not  to  say  that  if  the  King  does  not  accept  the  present 
Constitution  he  may  be  sure  of  support  from  that  quarter. 
The  fears  of  an  invasion  from  Spain  have  compelled  the 
ministers  to  confess  unpleasant  truths :  their  confidence  that 
the  King  of  Spain  will  not  break  his  alliance  with  France,  and 
the  small  number  of  Spanish  troops  as  yet  on  the  frontier, 
amounting  not  to  above  six  thousand  men,  are  the  only  reasons 
that  they  offer  against  any  alarms  upon  that  subject.  They 
own  that  the  Spanish  Minister  will  not  treat  with  their  Minister 
at  the  Court  of  Madrid,  they  acknowledge  the  defenceless  state 
of  that  frontier  and  the  impossibility  of  sending  any  number  of 
regular  troops  into  that  part  of  France,  owing  to  the  greater 
necessity  for  them  in  other  parts  of  the  kingdom,  they  acknow- 
ledge also  the  danger  of  trusting  some  of  the  regular  regiments 
on  the  frontiers ;  they  have  been  obliged,  for  instance,  to  order 
into  the  interior  part  of  the  kingdom  the  regiments  of  Berwick 
and  Nassau,  or  rather  what  remains  of  those  regiments,  lest 
the  fancy  should  take  them  to  join  their  fellow  soldiers  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Rhine.  A  total  want  of  subordination  will 
render  useless  the  regiment  of  Auvergne  which  is  now  at 
Phalsbourg. 

The  detachment  of  Parisian  National  Guard,  in  their  pro- 
gress to  the  frontiers,  have  proceeded  no  farther  than  Gonnesse. 
within  nine  miles  of  this  place,  where  they  are  now  encamped, 
and  where  they  suffer  from  the  vicinity  of  the  capital  almost  as 
much  as  in  the  Plaine  de  Grenelle. 

The  Assembly  has  finished  the  revision  of  the  Constitution, 
excepting  those  Articles  that  were  adjourned  during  the  course 
of  the  revision,  the  debates  upon  which  Articles  may  still 
employ  some  days  ;  it  is  calculated  that  the  Acte  may  be  offered 
to  the  King  for  his  acceptance  on  the  twenty  fifth,  the  day  of 
Saint  Louis  a  solemn  festival  in  this  country. 

Accounts  have  been  received  from  Saint  Domingo,  which 


ACTE    CONSTITUTIONELLE.  117 

left  that  place  since  the  news  of  the  decree  of  the  fifteenth  of 
May  had  reached  it ;  the  effect  of  which  was  to  unite  the 
white  men  of  different  parties,  who  were  determined  to  burn 
that  decree  as  soon  as  it  shall  arrive  officially.  At  Cap 
Fran9ois  they  have  disarmed  the  blacks  and  mulattos  and  it 
was  hoped  that  they  would  be  able  to  do  the  same  thing  in 
the  other  parts  of  the  island,  although  their  proportion  is  greater 
there  than  at  the  Cape.  In  order  to  preserve  tranquillity  where 
it  is  much  threatened,  the  Assembly  had  decreed  that  two 
Commissioners  shall  be  sent  to  the  i-slands  of  France  and 
Bourbon,  and  from  thence  they  are  to  proceed  to  Pondicherry 
and  Chandernagore. 

The  rise  of  the  public  funds,  which  I  mentioned  to  your 
Lordship  in  my  last  dispatch,  was  of  short  duration ;  they  are 
at  present  as  low  as  ever:  the  demands  for  the  principal 
manufactures  of  this  country  continue  to  be  great;  but  how 
long  their  forced  flourishing  state  will  last,  for  which  they  are 
indebted  to  the  low  value  of  assignats  in  foreign  countries,  it  is 
difficult  to  calculate. 

The  wisdom  of  the  Assembly  has  decreed  two  hundred 
thousand  livres  as  a  reward  to  those  who  stopt  the  King  at 
Varenne,  and  it's  policy  and  delicacy  has  timed  that  decree  a 
few  days  only  before  it  is  to  present  to  him  it's  Ade  Const itu- 
tionelle  for  his  free  acceptance. 


Paris,  Avgnst  20,  1791. 

The  additional  Articles  of  the  Acte  Constitutionnel  having 
given  rise  to  long  discussions,  it  will  not  be  ready  for  the 
King's  acceptation  before  the  end  of  the  next  week  and  possibly 
not  so  soon. 

The  King's  guard  is  to  consist  of  twelve  hundred  foot  and 
sixteen  hundred  horse,  composed  of  men  who  have  served  in 
the  army  or  National  Guard  and  to  be  paid  at  the  expense  of 
the  Civil  List.  According  to  the  original  plan  of  the  Com- 
mittee the  members  of  the  Royal  Family  were  not  to  exercise 
any  of  the  rights   of  a  citoi/eti  actif :  this  gave   the   Duke  of 


118  AUGUST,    1791. 

Orleans  an  opportunity  of  attempting  to  gain  popularity  by 
declaring  that  if  he  should  be  obliged  to  chuse  whether  he 
would  enjoy  the  rights  of  a  French  citizen  or  those  which  were 
given  to  the  Royal  Family  he  would  renounce  the  latter  in 
order  to  be  able  to  enjoy  the  former:  but  this  fond  hope  was 
of  short  duration ;  the  next  day,  yesterday,  the  plan  was 
changed ;  they  are  to  have  the  rights  of  a  French  citizen,  ex- 
cept that  of  being  chosen  to  any  office  by  popular  election ; 
and,  in  the  presence  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  it  was  observed 
that  the  nation  might  still  hope  to  see  him  command  it's  fleets 
or  be  employed  in  some  important  negotiation  in  England  or 
elsewhere.     That  star  is  sank  never  to  rise  again. 

The  thorough  want  of  subordination,  which  has  infected  the 
whole  army,  is  pathetically  described  by  Mr  Du  Portail  in  a 
letter  which  he  addrest  yesterday  to  the  National  Assembly 
and  for  which  I  refer  your  Lordship  to  this  day's  Logographe ; 
but  it  is  hoped  that  these  undisciplined  troops  will  not  have 
to  contend  with  a  well  disciplined  army,  and  the  journey  of  the 
Comte  d'Artois  to  Vienna  and  the  known  want  of  harmony 
among  the  emigrants  beyond  the  Rhine  gives  little  reason  to 
expect  a  formidable  invasion  from  that  quarter  at  present. 

The  electors  of  this  department  are  now  assembled  in  order 
to  chuse  deputies  for  the  next  legislature  :  although  many  of 
the  most  democratical  of  them  are  in  prison  or  fled,  yet  a  suffi- 
cient number  remains  to  allow  one  to  believe  that  the  members 
chosen  by  this  department  will  be  for  the  most  part,  of  the 
democratical  party. 

By  letters  which  arrived  here  yesterday  from  Saint  Domingo 
it  appears  that  that  colony  is  entirely  lost  if  the  Assembly  does 
not  revoke  the  decree  of  the  loth  of  May.  The  white  in- 
habitants of  all  parties  are  united  and  the  two  regiments  of 
Artois  and  Normandie  lately  arrived  there  from  France  have 
taken  an  oath  of  fidelity  to  that  island,  in  consequence  of  an 
increase  of  pay.  All  vessels  are  examined  before  they  are 
allowed  to  enter  their  ports  and  orders  are  given  that  those 
which  arrive  from  Bordeaux  shall  be  suffered  to  take  fresh 
water,  but  nothing  else,  in  order  to  return  without  unloading 
to  their  own  country.    This  is  mixing  water  with  their  wine  with 


CONSTITUTIOX   FINISHED.  119 

a  vengeance !  Your  Lordship  will  recollect  the  Address  from 
that  town  to  the  National  Assembly  and  the  offer  of  raisingr 
six  thousand  men  to  enforce  their  decree. 

The  commissioners  who  are  to  carry  this  ill  advised  decree 
have,  I  believe,  not  yet  quitted  the  kingdom,  so  that  there  is 
still  room  left  for  repentance.  Whether  there  is  for  pardon  your 
Lordship  will  be  the  best  judge ;  as  I  understand  that  com- 
missioners are  to  be  sent  from  Saint  Domingo  to  England. 
The  proprietors  of  that  island  who  are  resident  here  and  who 
have  been  dreading  a  civil  war  in  that  country  rejoice  at 
the  present  situation  of  things  and  exult  in  not  being  French 
citizens. 


Pakis,  Septeviher  2,  17U1. 

The  Constitution,  such  as  it  is,  is  at  last  finisht :  it  will 
probably  be  accepted  by  the  King  on  Monday :  the  Acte 
Constitutionnel  is  to  be  presented  to  him  by  a  deputation 
from  the  National  Assembly,  and  if  he  accept  it,  he  will  be 
desired  to  regulate  the  forms  of  the  ceremonial  and  to  appoint 
a  day  on  which  he  will  declare  his  acceptance  before  the  National 
Assembly. 

According  to  the  plan  of  the  committees  no  other  qualifica- 
tion except  that  of  being  citoyen  actif  is  necessary  in  order  to 
be  chosen  a  member  of  the  legislature,  but  an  elector  in  towns 
containing  above  6U0O  souls  must  prove  that  he  possesses  a 
revenue  equal  to  the  value  of  200  days  labor  or  that  he  lets 
a  possession  equal  to  150  :  in  towns  which  do  not  contain  that 
number  of  inhabitants  he  must  prove  a  possession  equal  to  150 
or  a  location  equal  to  100.  And  in  the  country  an  elector  must 
have  property  e(pial  in  value  to  150  or  farm  an  estate  equal  to 
400  days  labor. 

The  Assembly  has  asserted  that  the  nation  has  an  incontest- 
able right  to  examine  its  Constitution,  but  at  the  same  time  it 
has  declared  that  it  is  for  the  interest  of  the  nation  that  this 
right  should  be  suspended  for  thirty  years,  and,  in  order  in 
some  measure  to  effect  this,  it  has  decreed  that  no  legislature 


1:^0  SEPTEMBER,    1791. 

shall  enter  into  the  examination  of  the  Constitution,  unless  it 
has  been  voted  expedient  by  three  prior  legislatures,  and  in 
order  to  gain  a  longer  delay,  in  the  last  article  concerning 
National  Conventions,  it  is  decreed  that  no  motion  to  examine 
the  Constitution  shall  be  made  before  the  third  legislature. 

The  committees  shewed  a  desire  to  give  more  energy  to  the 
executive  power,  but  all  attempts  of  that  kind  have  been 
strenuously  resisted  by  the  Assembly. 

Whether  the  decree  concerning  the  colonies  is  to  be  sus- 
pended revoked  or  enforced  has  not  yet  been  determined:  in 
the  meantime  addresses  arrive  from  the  seaport  towns  stating 
the  dreadful  consequences  that  must  follow  if  the  Assembly 
shall  persevere,  and  your  Lordship  will  see  letters  from  Saint 
Domingo  in  this  day's  Logographe  which  strongly  corroborate 
their  opinion.  The  merchants  of  Bordeaux  have  assembled 
and  acknowledged  their  error,  but  the  administrators  of  that 
department  remain  firm  and  declare  the  merchant's  meeting  at 
the  exchange  unconstitutional ;  but  since,  thanks  to  the  De- 
claration of  the  Rights  of  Man,  a  notion  is  spread  over  the 
whole  country  that  every  body  is  not  only  to  think  but  to  act 
for  himself.  It  is  difficult  to  teach  the  people  what  is  or 
what  is  not  constitutional,  or  who  are  governors  and  who  are 
to  be  governed. 

Mr  Duportail  has  been  obliged  to  obtain  a  decree  authorizing 
him  to  oppose  the  National  Guard  to  the  regular  troops  in 
case  no  other  means  can  be  found  to  bring  them  to  an  ob- 
servance of  their  duty  :  it  is  possible  that  the  town  of  Phals- 
bourg,  in  the  possession  of  the  regiment  d'Auvergne,  will  stand 
a  siege  before  it  submits. 

Letters  giving  accounts  of  disturbances  are  frequently  re- 
ceived by  the  Assembly  without  any  notice  being  taken  of  them  ; 
a  massacre,  for  instance,  which  took  place  last  week  at  Toulon, 
owing  to  a  dispute  about  some  cannon,  has  not  yet  been  men- 
tioned. 

I  shall  be  able,  at  the  expiration  of  this  Assembly,  to  send 
your  Lordship  a  regular  statement  of  the  finances  to  the  first  of 
this  month :  at  present  I  can  only  give  you  a  slight  notion  by 
the  expenditure  and  income  of   the  month  of   July:    in   that 


STATE   OF   THE   KING   AND   QUEEN.  121 

month  the  expense  was  above  fifty  four  millions,  the  receipt 
something  more  than  five  millions  and  a  half;  no  inconsiderable 
deficit. 

The  elections  proceed  slowly,  Garran  de  Coulon,  a  man  of 
democratical  principles,  is  the  first  chosen  for  this  department ; 
the  most  remarkable  in  the  provinces  is  the  late  Archbishop  of 
Sens. 


Pabis,  September  5,  1791. 

At  nine  o'clock  on  Saturday  the  Constitution  was  pre- 
sented to  the  King  at  the  Thuilleries  by  a  deputation  from 
the  National  Assembly  consisting  of  sixty  of  it's  members. 
His  Majesty  received  them  very  graciously  and  informed  them 
that  he  would  examine  the  Constitution  which  the  National 
Assembly  had  ordered  them  to  present  to  him,  and  that  he 
would  make  known  his  resolution  in  as  short  a  time  as  the 
examination  of  so  important  an  object  would  admit.  He  said 
that  he  had  determined  to  remain  at  Paris,  and  that  he  would 
give  such  orders  to  the  Commandant  General  of  the  Parisian 
National  Guard  as  should  appear  to  him  to  be  necessary  for  the 
service  of  his  guard. 


Paris,  September  9,  1791. 

The  day  before  the  deputation  from  the  Assembly  pre- 
sented the  Constitution  to  the  King,  the  extraordinary  guard 
which  had  been  placed  about  his  person  by  Mr  la  Fayette  was 
removed  and  the  Thuilleries  were  guarded  in  the  same  manner 
as  it  had  been  before  the  21st  of  June,  and  as  it  will  continue 
to  be  till  his  Majesty  shall  have  ordered  otherwise.  On  Tues- 
day last  the  foreign  Ministers  were  received  by  the  King  and 
the  Royal  Family.  His  Majesty's  health  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  impaired  by  his  confinement :  the  Queen  received  us  with 
her  usual  dignity  but  her  deportment  and  appearance  discovered 
a  mind  suffering  under  aftllction  but  not  easily  subdued. 


122  SEPTEMBER,    1791. 

The  King,  it  is  believed,  will  declare  his  acceptance  of  the 
Constitution  in  the  presence  of  the  Assembly  on  Monday  next. 
He  has  already  written  to  the  Emperor  and  the  Princes  inform- 
ing them  of  his  intention  and  exhorting  the  latter  to  return 
peaceably  and  enjoy  what  yet  remains  to  them  to  be  enjoyed  in 
this  country. 

From  what  we  can  learn  from  that  quarter  instead  of  a 
compliance  with  the  King's  wishes  we  have  to  expect  a  mani- 
festo and  an  armed  force  to  which  they  will  be  the  more 
encouraged  by  the  increasing  price  of  corn,  owing  to  a  bad 
harvest  in  the  southern  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and  the  difficulty 
of  transporting  that  article  from  one  part  of  the  country  to 
another,  added  to  the  low  value  of  paper  money.  A  prospect 
of  famine,  though  more  distant  than  in  the  year  1789,  is  never- 
theless extremely  alarming,  and  the  activity  of  the  National 
Guard  has  been  exerted  more  than  once  during  the  course  of 
this  week  in  order  to  prevent  riots  in  the  markets. 

The  troubles  of  Avignon  and  the  state  of  that  country  will 
be  laid  before  the  Assembly  tomorrow  ;  and  in  the  latter  end  of 
the  next  week  a  business  of  much  greater  consequence  to  this 
country,  the  repeal  or  inforcing  the  decree  of  the  fifteenth 
of  May  respecting  the  colonies,  will  be  decided.  It  was  the 
wish  of  many  to  lay  the  burthen  of  that  business  upon  the 
shoulders  of  the  next  legislature,  but  Mr  Barnave  has  compelled 
the  present  legislators  to  bear  the  whole  of  it  themselves. 


Paris,  September  14,  1791. 

Yesterday  the  Ministre  de  la  Justice  delivered  a  letter 
written  by  the  King  to  the  National  Assembly  of  which  I  in- 
close a  printed  copy. 

The  King  having  expressed  a  desire  that  a  general  amnesty 
should  be  granted  to  all  persons  prosecuted  on  account  of  the 
revolution,  this  wish  was  confirmed  by  a  decree  past  this  morn- 
ino-  previous  to  his  Majesty's  arrival  in  the  Assembly.  He  came 
in  a  state  coach  attended  by  the  ministers,  and  having  said, 
that  in   order  to   add   to  the  solemnity  of  his  acceptation  he 


THE   KING   ACCEPTS   THE   CONSTITUTION,  123 

thought  it  should  take  place  in  the  Assembly,  he  repeated  the 
words  of  the  oath  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  and  returned 
to  the  Palace  of  the  Thuilleries  through  the  garden  on  foot 
attended  by  the  members  of  the  Assembly.  The  King  upon 
his  passage  was  very  much  applauded  by  the  people.  The 
Queen  was  present  at  the  ceremony. 

This  morning  the  Assembly  declared  Avignon  and  the 
Comtat  Venaissin  a  part  of  the  French  empire. 

Paris  is  in  a  state  of  perfect  tranquillity  and  a  general  illumi- 
nation and  rejoicings  have  taken  place  on  this  occasion. 


Paris,  September  16,  1791. 

Although  it  was  very  generally  believed  that  the  King 
would  accept  the  Constitution,  yet  it  was  not  generally  imagined 
that  he  would  have  expatiated  so  much  upon  the  improvements 
which  it  had  received  since  his  intended  journey  to  Montm^di. 
The  sincerity  of  the  acceptation  is  nevertheless  doubted  by 
many,  and  a  fall  instead  of  a  rise  in  the  public  funds  affords 
good  reason  to  suppose  that  those  who  are  concerned  in  them 
do  not  think  that  what  has  taken  place  this  week  tends  to  give 
much  additional  security  to  the  Constitution. 

A  circumstance  happened  at  the  Assembly  which  gave  the 
King  a  momentary  embarrassment.  It  had  been  agreed,  before 
his  arrival,  that  they  should  receive  him  on  their  legs,  but  that 
they  should  be  seated  while  he  was  taking  the  oath  :  they 
continued  standing  when  he  began  to  take  it,  b\it,  upon  a  sign 
being  given  by  one  of  the  members,  they  all  suddenly  sat  down; 
this  interrupted  the  King,  who,  looking  about  and  perceiving 
what  had  passed,  seated  himself  in  a  chair  which  was  prepared 
for  him  on  the  left  hand  of  the  President  and  continued  his 
speech ;  his  presence  of  mind  on  this  occasion  was  much 
applauded. 

The  Spanish  Ambassador  intends  to  leave  this  place  to- 
morrow, he  talks  of  going  to  Nice  but  his  postillions  will  first 
carry  him  to  Brussels.  Having  taken  leave  of  the  Court  pre- 
vious to  the  King's  acceptation  he  has  not  seen  his  Majesty 
since  that  event. 


124'  SEPTEMBER,    1791. 

A  late  decree  of  the  Assembly  having  divided  the  National 
Guard  of  Paris  into  legions  and  having  declared  that  every 
chef  de  legion  should  have  the  command  by  turns  for  the 
space  of  a  month,  Mr  de  la  Fayette  can  no  longer  continue 
to  act  as  Commandant  General :  it  is  said  that  he  will  have  the 
command  at  Metz ;  he  has  ordered  a  farm  house  which  he  pos- 
sesses in  Auvergne  to  be  fitted  up  for  his  reception ;  it  is 
certain  that  his  private  fortune  is  very  much  impaired  by  the 
expense  which  his  situation  at  Paris  (and  for  which  he  receives 
no  emolument)  has  unavoidably  occasioned. 

The  general  amnesty  which  has  taken  place  will  probably 
secure  the  election  of  the  Abbe  Fanchet  for  the  department  of 
Calvados  of  which  he  is  Bishop :  he  promises  to  be  the  most 
turbulent  member  of  the  next  legislature  unless  he  be  exceeded 
by  Brissot  the  author  of  the  most  republican  journal  that  is 
published  here,  who,  though  opposed  by  all  the  force  that 
Ministry  and  the  coalition  could  collect,  has  at  last  succeeded  in 
being  chosen  for  this  department.  It  appears  that  more  than 
half  of  the  next  Assembly  will  be  composed  of  country  attorneys; 
not  only  the  nobility  but  the  commercial  interest  will  be  very 
much  excluded. 

The  Comte  de  Segur  has  solicited  to  be  appointed  to  suc- 
ceed Mr  de  la  Luzerne  in  case  his  health  will  not  allow  him 
to  continue  in  England. 


Pakis,  September  23,  1791. 

The  King  has  of  late  omitted  no  opportunity  of  gaining 
popularity  and  of  convincing  the  people  that  his  acceptation  of 
the  Constitution  was  free  and  voluntary.  On  Sunday  the 
Thuilleries  were  magnificently  illuminated  and  the  King  and 
Queen  went  in  their  carriages  to  the  Champs  Elysees  to  see  the 
fireworks  and  illuminations  which  the  municipality  had  ordered 
in  that  place:  on  Tuesday  they  were  at  the  Opera,  for  the  first 
time  since  the  revolution,  and  they  intend  to  honor  the  other 
theatres  with  their  presence. 

I  inclose  a  printed  copy,  which  I  believe  to  be  genuine,  of 
letters  from  the  Princes  beyond  the  Rhine  to  his  Majesty  with 


THE   NEW   ASSEMBLY.  125 

the  declaration  signed  by  the  Emperor  and  the  King  of  Prussia 
at  Pilnitz.  As  it  is  almost  certain  that  the  Princes  knew  at  that 
time  the  King's  intention  of  accepting  the  Constitution  there 
are  little  hopes  that  they  will  embrace  the  opportunity  which 
the  amnesty  affords  them  of  returning  peaceably  into  the 
kingdom. 

The  National  Assembly  will  expire  on  the  thirtieth  of  this 
month :  the  members  of  most  note  who  are  already  chosen  for 
the  next  legislature  are  not  of  that  sort  which  inclines  one 
to  augur  favorably  of  it.  The  late  Archbishop  of  Sens  is  not 
elected,  as  it  was  reported  :  I  have  good  reason  to  believe  that 
Mr  Necker  tried  the  inclinations  of  the  electors  of  Paris,  but 
found  that  he  could  not  succeed. 

The  Comite  des  Finances  have  shewn  great  unwillingness  to 
publish  their  Compte  Rendu ;  they  are  resolved  to  keep  back 
their  Pieces  Justijicatives  which  are  to  remain  in  the  Archives 
of  the  Assembly :  the  article  of  secret  service  money  is  the  chief 
cause  of  this  mystery.  The  Minister  of  the  Marine  has  resigned 
and  there  is  no  small  difficulty  to  obtain  a  successor :  Mr  de 
Bousfainville  has  refused,  but  I  understand  he  has  recom- 
mended  a  Mr  le  Brasseur  who,  it  is  supposed,  will  accept  the 
place.  Mr  Duportail,  it  is  said,  will  also  resign  and  Mr  Dumas 
is  talked  of  for  the  War  Department  in  his  room.  I  should 
mention  another  resignation,  that  of  Mr  Bailly,  which  is  not  to 
be  accepted  till  the  beginning  of  November,  when  the  new 
municipality  will  be  chosen.  It  was  moved  to  day  in  the 
Assembly  to  adjourn  the  affair  of  the  colonies  to  the  next 
legislature  but  it  was  carried  against  the  adjournment  by  807 
against  191. 


Paris,  September  30,  1791. 

The  decree  of  the  15th  of  May  respecting  the  colonies  is 
virtually  repealed  by  another  which  was  past  last  Saturday 
asserting  the  rig] it  of  the  National  Assembly  to  make  laws 
exclusively  for  the  regime  exterieur  of  the  colonies,  and,  after 
havinsr  known    the   wish   which   the  colonial  Assemblies    have 


126  SEPTEMBER,    17.91. 

been  authorized  to  express  concerning  their  Constitution,  for  the 
7rgime  interieur :  but  the  laws  concerning  the  state  of  persons 
not  free,  (for  the  delicacy  of  French  freedom  will  not  permit  the 
word  slave  to  be  mentioned,)  and  the  political  state  of  the 
mulattoes  and  free  negroes,  and  also  the  regulations  for  enforc- 
ing those  laws  are  to  be  made  by  the  colonial  Assemblies  and 
are  to  be  put  into  execution  provisionally,  with  the  consent  of 
the  Governors  of  the  colonies,  for  the  space  of  a  year  for  the 
American,  and  of  two  years  for  the  Asiatic  colonies ;  and  they 
are  to  be  offered  immediately  for  the  King's  sanction  notwith- 
standing any  anterior  decree  which  might  have  opposed  an 
obstacle  to  the  full  exercise  of  the  right,  conferred  by  the  pre- 
sent decree  on  the  colonial  Assemblies. 

With  regard  to  the  Tobago  business,  a  report  has  been 
drawn  up  in  the  name  of  the  united  Committees  of  Commerce 
and  of  the  Colonies,  a  copy  of  which,  printed  in  the  national 
press,  I  inclose.  A  more  favorable  report  the  British  mortgagee 
creditors  could  not  have  drawn  up  if  they  had  dictated  it,  but 
I  find  the  committees  have  contented  themselves  with  the 
mere  printing  and  distributing  copies  of  it  to  the  members :  the 
report  has  not  been  made  to  the  Assembly  and  consequently  no 
decree  has  been  past  upon  that  subject. 

The  honor  which  the  Assembly  has  conferred  upon  Avignon 
and  the  Comtat  Venaissin  in  declaring  them  part  of  the  French 
empire  has  not  had  the  effect  of  quieting  the  troubles  in  that 
country,  and  at  Aries  they  are  in  a  state  of  civil  war  unless 
tranquillity  has  been  restored  by  the  decree  condemning  the 
proceedings  of  the  electors  of  the  department  des  bouches-du- 
Bhone,  who  had  voted  themselves  permanent,  and  forbidding  the 
march  of  the  National  Guards  ordered  by  the  directors  of  the 
department  at  the  instigation  of  the  electors.  These  frequent 
disturbances,  owing  to  the  deliberations  of  clubs  and  other 
political  societies,  have  at  length  convinced  the  Assembly  of  the 
necessity  of  putting  a  stop  to  what  was  of  temporary  service  to 
them  during  the  revolution  but  what  must  be  of  infinite  pre- 
judice to  any  Government :  they  have  accordingly  decreed  that 
the  members  of  any  club  or  society  who  shall,  as  a  body,  offer 
to  oppose  any  act  of  legal  authority,  shall   lose  the  rights  of 


NATIONAL   ASSEMBLY   CLOSED.  127 

a  French  citizen  for  two  years,  and  if  not  citoyen  actif  they  are  to 
be  subject  to  a  small  fine. 

As  a  return  for  the  applauses  which  his  Majesty  has  lately 
received  from  the  people  of  Paris  he  gave  orders  that  the 
Thuilleries  and  the  Champs  Elis^es  should  be  illuminated  a 
second  time  on  Sunday  last  at  his  own  expence :  this  illumina- 
tion exceeded  the  former  in  point  of  magnificence;  the  next 
day  the  sum  of  50000  livres  was  sent  to  the  Mayor  in  the  name 
of  the  King  and  Queen  to  be  distributed  among  the  poor. 

The  inclosed  Proclamation  has  been  published  by  the  King's 
heralds  in  the  most  public  places  of  the  metropolis.  While 
I  am  writing  this,  the  King  is  at  the  Assembly  where  he  is  to 
make  a  speech  which  will  close  the  Assemblee  Constituante. 
Tomorrow  the  members  of  the  new  Assembly  are  to  take  their 
places. 

It  is  now  said  that  Mr  Bertrand  de  Molleville,  formerly 
Intendant  of  Britanny,  when  Mr  de  Montmorin  was  governor  of 
that  province,  will  have  the  Marine  Department.  The  offer  of 
that  of  Foreign  Affairs  has  been  sent  to  Mr  de  Moustier  at  Berlin. 

The  Spanish  Ambassador  has  altered  his  plan,  and  instead 
of  making  some  stay  in  Flanders,  in  a  letter  which  was  received 
from  him  yesterday  dated  at  Antwerp,  he  says  that  he  intends 
to  proceed  to  Holland.  It  is  believed  that  the  Princes  have 
received  pecuniary  assistance  from  the  King  of  Spain. 


October  7,  1791. 

I  am  extremely  happy  that  any  attention  on  my  part 
in  conveying  the  earliest  intelligence  of  the  most  important 
events  can  have  merited  his  Majesty's  approbation,  and  I  beg 
leave  to  assure  your  Lordship  that  it  shall  be  my  constant  study 
to  continue  to  deserve  it. 

His  most  Christian  Majesty  went  on  Friday  last  to  the 
National  Assembly  and  closed  the  business  of  that  Assembly 
by  a  speech,  a  printed  copy  of  which  I  inclose.  In  returning 
from  thence  he  had  the  satisfaction  of  receiving  the  applause 
of  the  spectators,  and  of  lioaring  a  frequent  repetition  of  Vive  le 


128  OCTOBER,    1791. 

Roy,  but  the  very  people  who  were  heard  to  cry  Vive  le  Roy 
the  most  hastened  from  thence  to  offer  civic  crowns  to 
Mr  Pdthion  and  Mr  Robertspierre,  the  chief  fautors  of  re- 
pubhcanism  in  the  last  Assembly,  and  whom  they  chose  to  style 
les  Heros  de  la  Constitution. 

The  new  Assembly  has  not  yet  given  any  proofs  of  it's 
wisdom;  of  it's  rashness  and  ignorance  it  gave  a  convincing 
one  last  Wednesday:  it  shewed  an  absurd  disposition  to  quarrel 
with  the  King*  about  trifles,  while  he,  on  the  other  hand,  has 
shewn  a  decided  intention  not  to  quarrel  with  them  if  he  can 
possibly  avoid  it.  Their  rashness  disgusted  even  the  crowds 
in  the  Palais  Royal,  and  an  alarm  occasioned  by  a  fall  of  the 
public  funds  brought  them  to  resipiscence ;  the  next  day  they 
annulled  their  decree,  and  the  majesty  of  the  King  of  the  French 
remains  not  less  degraded  than  it  was  at  the  expiration  of  the 
Corps  Constituant.  For  the  particulars  of  the  debate  of 
Wednesday  I  must  refer  to  the  Logographe  :  it  seems  to  augur 
that  the  fanaticism  of  liberty  will  be  prevalent,  but  it  may 
have  proceeded  from  an  impatient  desire,  in  those  members 
who  took  the  lead  in  it,  of  taking  the  first  opportunity  of 
shewing  their  importance  and  of  proving  what  they  might  be 
capable  of  doing  if  not  prevented. 

Mr  Bertrand  de  Molleville  is  appointed  Minister  of  the 
Marine  Department.  I  have  not  heard  that  Mr  de  Moustier's 
answer  is  yet  arrived. 

The  decree  of  the  Assembly  has  had  the  effect  of  quieting 
the  troubles  at  Aries. 

The  King  has  been  this  day  at  the  Assembly  and  has  made 
a  speech,  a  printed  copy  of  which  I  shall  send  to  your  Lordship 
by  Monday's  post. 


Paris,  October  14,   1791. 

According  to  your  Lordship's  instructions,  I  have   de- 
livered   to  Mr  Montmorin  his  Majesty's  answer  to  the  mo-st 

1  The  King  had  signified  his  intention  to  attend  the  Assembly,  and  the 
Assembly  passed  a  decree  to  withhold  the  titles  of  sire  and  majesU.  They 
began  their  sittings  by  taking  an  oath  vivre  libre  ou  viourir. 


FOREIGN    POWERS,  120 

Christian's  King's  letter  notifying  his  acceptance  of  the  new 
Constitution,  and  I  accompanied  it  with  assurances  of  his 
Majesty's  sincere  desire  to  maintain  and  improve  the  good- 
understanding  which  subsists  between  the  two  Courts.  Mr  Mont- 
morin  informed  me  that  it  was  the  second  answer  that  he  had 
received :  that  from  Holland  having  arrived  last  Saturday. 
I  understand  that  his  M.  C,  Majesty's  acceptation  is  mentioned 
in  it  in  a  style  of  approbation  that  was  not  expected  from  that 
Court  the  answer  from  Spain  is  couched  in  a  different  lan- 
guage and  his  most  catholic  Majesty  seeins  still  to  doubt  of 
the  French  King's  liberty  either  moral  or  physical.  That  from 
Berlin  appears  to  correspond  with  the  answer  I  had  the  honor 
of  delivering  from  his  Majesty. 

I  received,  a  few  days  ago,  the  inclosed  dispatch  which 
Mr  Trevor  sent  open  to  me  desiring  me  to  convey  it  to  your 
Lordship  by  the  first  messenger. 

Mr  de  Moustier  has  refused  the  Departement  des  Affaires 
etrangeres,  he  was  however  expected  to  leave  Berlin  on  the 
4th  of  this  month  on  leave  of  absence,  Mr  Duportail,  if  one 
may  judge  from  his  report  to  the  Assembly  which  your  Lord- 
ship will  see  in  yesterday's  Logographe,  seems  at  present  in- 
clined to  continue  in  his  oflfice. 

The  deficit  for  the  month  of  September  was  only  seven 
millions  odd  thousand  livres,  to  which  however  must  be  added 
ten  millions  odd  thousand  iov  the  ej^traordinaries.  So  that 
eighteen  millions  of  capital  will  serve  to  cover  the  expences  of 
that  month. 

Mr  de  la  Fayette  is  gone  to  Auvergne ;  the  command  of 
the  National  Guard  for  this  month  devolves  on  Mr  Chaton 
formerly  a  silk  merchant  at  Lyons. 

It  has  been  a  matter  of  doubt  whether  this  Assembly  would 
continue  the  practice  of  the  former  in  appointing  permanent 
committees  :  they  have  agreed  to  day  to  abolish  some  but  they 
have  preserved  the  most  efficient.  Among  others  the  Comite 
diplomatique,  which  Mr  Montmorin  flattered  himself  would  not 
be  continued,  is  to  remain. 


G.  O 


130  •  OCTOBER,   1791. 

Paris,  October  28th,  1791. 

I  send  inclosed  the  Duke  of  Orleans's  answer  to  his 
Majesty's  letter  notifying  the  marriage  of  his  Royal  Highness 
the  Duke  of  York. 

I  also  inclose  a  letter  which  I  received  some  days  ago 
from  a  number  of  English  gentlemen  detained  at  Boulogne, 
and  a  copy  of  one  which  I  immediately  sent  to  Mr  Montmorin 
upon  that  subject :  that  Minister's  successor,  it  is  now  sup- 
posed, will  be  Mr  de  Segur,  and  report  sends  Mr  de  Moustier 
to  England. 

Complaints  of  the  manoeuvres  and  anti  constitutional  machi- 
nations of  the  clergy  von  assermente  and  debates  upon  that 
subject  have  occupied  a  considerable  part  of  the  time  of  the 
Assembly  during  this  week,  the  rest  has  been  chiefly  employed 
in  debating,  with  more  coolness  and  judgement  than  one 
had  reason  to  expect,  the  means  of  preventing  future  emigration 
and  of  inducing  those,  who  have  already  emigrated,  to  return : 
to  day  they  are  to  come  to  a  final  determination  upon  that 
subject. 

The  continuation  of  the  high  price  of  bread  is  very  alarming, 
but  the  numerous  orders  which  have  been  sent  to  purchase 
corn  abroad,  it  is  hoped,  will  at  least  have  the  effect  of  prevent- 
ing any  further  increase  of  price. 

Many  of  the  municipal  officers  of  this  town  are  going 
to  retire  ;  they  complain  of  a  want  of  confidence  in  the  sections 
and  of  the  consequent  irksomeness  of  their  situation :  and  in 
truth  to  be  a  fonctionaire  imhlic  of  any  sort  in  the  present 
state  of  this  country  requires  more  than  ordinary  patience. 

Mr  de  Brissac  is  appointed  Commandant  en  chef  de  la 
maison  militaire  dii  Roy.  Mr  d'Hervilly  is  to  command  the 
infantry  and  Mr  Pont-l'Abbe  the  cavalry. 

The  account  in  the  public  papers  of  the  massacre  at 
Avignon  is  too  true.  Those,  who  at  that  place  call  themselves 
patriots,  with  Jourdan  at  their  head,  whose  delight  is  the 
spilling  of  human  blood,  thought  proper  to  revenge  the  murder 
of  Mr  I'Ecuyer,  one  of  their  party,  who  had  fallen  a  sacrifice  to 
the    bigotry  of  the    other  party,  by  the  slaughter  of  at  least 


MASSACRE   AT   AVIGNOX.  181 

sixty  people.  Whatever  faults  may  be  laid,  deservedly  perhaps, 
to  the  charge  of  the  Abbe  Mulot  in  this  business,  it  is  certain 
that  if  Mr  Ferrieres  had  marched  into  the  town  with  twelve  or 
fifteen  hundred  men  who  are  under  his  command,  this  massacre, 
which  for  the  horrid  circumstances  which  attended  it  may 
be  compared  to  that  of  Saint  Barthdlemy  or  the  Sicilian  Vespers, 
would  not  have  happened.  Taught  by  this  example  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  other  countries  will  have  the  prudence  to 
avoid  being  Avignonized. 

No  official  letters  have  as  yet  been  received  from  Saint 
Domingo.  The  accounts  brought  by  the  Triton  are  probably 
much  exaggerated,  but,  by  a  ship  which  left  les  Cayes  the  first 
of  September  and  arrived  at  Bordeaux  the  21st  of  this  month, 
we  learn  that  the  day  it  left  that  harbour,  the  municipality 
of  les  Cayes  received  a  letter  from  the  General  Assembly 
at  Cape  Fran(;ois  informing  them  that  near  fifteen  thousand 
negroes  had  assembled  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Limbe  and 
Acul  and  had  destroyed  the  habitations  and  massacred  the 
white  men,  but  that  the  soldiers  who  were  sent  against  them 
had  dispersed  them  and  killed  about  a  hundred  of  them.  Upon 
this  authority,  without  waiting  for  official  information  th(! 
Ministry  have  determined  to  send  as  soon  as  possible  two 
ships  with  two  battalions  to  Saint  Domingo,  and  to  dispatch  a 
frigate  immediately  in  order  to  give  notice  of  their  speedy 
arrival. 


Paris,  October  3\.ft,  1791. 

No  official  intelligence  has  yet  been  received  from 
Saint  Domingo :  but  as  accounts  from  England  confirm  the 
former  alarming  reports  his  most  Christian  Majesty  has  given 
orders  that  the  number  of  troops  destined  to  be  sent  to  that 
colony  shall  be  encreased  to  2300. 

The  King  of  Sweden's  anssver  to  his  },l.  C.  ]\rajesty's 
notification  of  his  acceptance  of  the  new  Constitution  is  arrived  : 
he  refuses  to  ackuowkHlgc  it. 

9—2 


132  OCTOBER,    1791. 

Mr  Montmorin's  resignation  of  the  Department  for  Foreign 
Affairs  will  be  accepted  tomorrow,  and  Mr  de  Segur  will  be 
appointed  to  succeed  him. 


Paeis,  Novemher  4th,  1791. 

Your  Lordshi})  will  undoubtedly  be  surprised  to  hear 
that  this  Government  has  not  yet  received  any  official  intelli- 
gence from  St,  Domingo,  nor  indeed  has  news  arrived  in  France 
of  the  insurrection  in  that  colony  that  could  at  all  be  depended 
upon. 

Owing  to  contrary  winds,  I  did  not  receive  your  Lordship's 
instructions  No.  8  till  this  morning :  I  immediately  wrote 
to  Mr  de  Lessart  who  has  the  Portefeuille  des  Affaires  ^tran- 
geres  until  a  successor  be  found  for  Mr  de  Montmorin,  whose 
resignation  was  accepted  by  his  most  Christian  Majesty  last 
Monday,  and  I  inclosed  to  him  a  translation  of  a  part  of  Lord 
Effingham's  letter  to  Mr  Dundas  and,  at  the  same  time,  I 
informed  him  of  that  Governor's  conduct  with  regard  to  the 
assistance  which  he  had  given  to  the  French  Government 
at  Saint  Domingo  having  met  with  his  Majesty's  approbation. 
I  am  extremely  happy  at  this  opportunity  of  giving  a  proof  of 
British  generosity,  as  there  are  not  wanting  men  who  indus- 
triously propagate  a  notion  that  the  English  have,  by  under- 
hand means,  fomented  the  dissensions  in  the  French  colonies. 
The  speech  that  was  delivered  to  her  most  Christian  Majesty 
last  Wednesday  by  a  deputation  from  the  colonists  of  St, 
Domingo  now  at  Paris  is  as  attic  as  it  is  laconic :  "Les  colons 
de  St.  Domingue,  au  moment  d'une  grande  infortune,  ont 
besoin  de  voir  votre  Majeste  pour  trouver  aupres  d'elle  la 
consolation  et  I'example  d'un  grand  courage  !  " 

With  regard  to  the  emigrants,  the  only  measure  which 
the  Assembly  has  thought  proper  to  take  has  been  to  summon 
Monsieur  to  enter  the  kingdom  within  the  space  of  two 
months;  failing  which,  he  is  to  be  esteemed  as  having  ab- 
dicated his  right  to  the  regency  in  conformity  to  the  second 
Article  of  the  Acte  Constitutionel. 


II 


TIPPO    SAIB.  133 

Mr  de  Segur  had  certainly  agreed  to  accept  the  Department 
of  Foreign  Affairs,  but  owing  to  the  behaviour  of  the  Assembly 
towards  Mr  du  Portail  or  to  some  other  cause,  he  went  into  the 
country  on  Monday  morning.  Mr  de  Narbonne,  it  is  now  said, 
will  be  appointed  to  that  office.  I  inclose  a  letter  from  Mr  de 
Montmorin  inclosing  another  from  Mr  Bertrand  which  I  received 
last  Tuesday,  concerning  the  mortgagee  creditors  of  the  island 
of  Tobago. 

The  Dey  of  Algiers  having  shewn  an  inimical  disposition 
towards  this  country,  orders  are  sent  to  Toulon  to  fit  out 
a  squadron  sufficient  to  protect  the  French  commerce  in  the 
Mediterranean. 


Paris,  November  Gth,  1791. 

Dressing  having  left  this  place  last  Friday  at  noon  on 
his  way  to  Madrid  :  I  re-dispatch  Wiffen  with  your  Lordship's 
packet  No.  1,  having  forwarded  the  packet  No.  2,  by  the 
ordinary  post. 

The  frisfate  La  Medusc  which  left  the  Isle  de  France  about 
the  middle  of  August  brings  an  account  that  the  spirit  of 
insubordination  rages  there  to  an  alarming  degree.  The 
Governor  of  that  island  writes  that  he  had  received  a  letter 
from  Mr  Du  Fresne  who  commands  at  Pondicherri  dated 
the  middle  of  June  which  contains  the  following  account. 
That  on  the  loth  of  May  Lord  Cornwallis  with  his  army 
being  arrived  within  eight  leagues  of  Seringapatam  had  been 
attacked  by  Tippoo ;  that  after  having  lost  between  4  and 
5  hundred  Europeans  and  a  much  greater  number  of  seapoys  he 
had  been  obliged  to  retire  towards  Bangalore,  leaving  behind 
him  a  part  of  his  heavy  artillery.  The  firm  resistance  of 
a  large  body  of  Mahrattas  prevented  Tippoo  from  annoying 
the  army  during  their  retreat.  Several  private  letters  from 
Pondicherry  give  the  same  account. 

As  no  mention  is  made  in  what  manner  the  intelligence 
reached  Pondicherry  from  which  place  Lord  Cornwallis's  camj) 
is   distant    300   leagues,  and   the    passage  over  land  rendered 


134<  NOVEMBER,    1791. 

difficult   by   Tippoo's  troops  it  is  presumed   it    came    first  to 
Mahe  and  from  thence  by  sea  to  Pondicherri. 

An  order  has  been  sent  to  Brest  to  embark  a  battalion 
of  the  Regiment  de  Provence  and  another  of  the  Regiment 
de  la  Perche  upon  the  frigates  la  Fine  and  la  Reunion  and  the 
brigs  la  Normande  and  la  Moselle,  which  four  vessels  happened 
to  be  in  readiness,  in  order  to  proceed  immediately  to  St 
Domingo.  The  last  accounts  from  Brest  mention  that  the  troops 
have  refused  to  embark. 


Paris,  Xovemhcr  11th,  1791. 

The  only  accounts  at  all  to  be  depended  upon,  from 
St  Domingo,  are  those  which  have  arrived  through  England  and 
indeed,  owing  to  the  embargo  which  Mr  de  Blanchelande 
has  laid  upon  all  the  vessels  in  the  ports  of  the  French 
part  of  that  island  no  direct  intelligence  is  expected  from 
thence. 

The  blow  w^hich  that  insurrection  has  given  to  the  com- 
merce of  this  country  may  possibly  determine  some  of  the 
principal  commercial  towns  to  act  for  themselves,  seeing 
how  little  they  have  to  expect  from  the  wisdom  of  their 
National  Assembly  or  the  power  of  their  King.  Nantes  may 
command  the  commerce  of  the  Loire,  Rouen  and  Havre  de 
Grace  that  of  the  Seine,  and  Dunkirk  may  wish  to  enter 
into  a  sort  of  Hanseatic  confederacy  with  them. 

Since  the  arrival  of  Mr  de  Blanchelande's  letter,  a  printed 
copy  of  which  I  inclose,  Government  has  determined  to  send 
a  larger  force  to  St.  Domingo  than  it  at  first  proposed.  Two 
ships  of  the  line  are  to  be  immediately  sent  from  Brest  with 
part  of  the  troops  about  six  thousand,  in  all,  and  with  provision 
of  all  sorts  which  the  arsenal  and  magazines  of  that  place 
can  afford ;  the  rest  are  to  be  sent  as  soon  as  possible  in  three 
frigates  four  flutes  and  merchant  ships  from  the  ports  of 
rOrient,  Havre,  Nantes  or  Rochefort ;  Bordeaux  has  since 
offered  all  the  ships  that  are  ready  at  that  port,  which  I 
understand  amount  to  forty  nine. 


NON   JURING    PRIESTS.  135 

The  Assembly  has  thundered  a  decree  against  the  emi- 
grants, who  if  they  remain  assembled  a  a  deld  des  frontih^es 
on  the  first  of  January  next,  are  to  be  declared  guilty  of 
a  conspiracy  and  are  to  suffer  the  punishment  of  death. 
I  have  not  yet  heard  that  the  King  has  sanctioned  this  decree. 

The  refractory  priests  have  to  expect  a  decree  equally 
strong  against  them ;  it  is  true  that  they  are  creating  distur- 
bances in  every  part  of  the  kingdom,  that  at  Caen  is  the 
most  serious,  where  they  are  in  a  state  of  civil  war  and  blood 
has  been  spilt  on  both  sides.  I  forgot  to  mention  that  the 
constitutional  Bishop  of  Rouen  had  conscienciously  resigned 
his  bishoprick,  which  affords  much  matter  for  exultation  to  the 
clergy  non-assermente. 

The  appointment  of  a  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  will  not  be 
decided  till  after  the  council  on  Sunday,  two  new  names  are 
mentioned  for  that  office,  Mr  O'Dun,  who  was  formerly  his 
most  Christian  Majesty's  Minister  at  the  Court  of  Portugal 
and  Mr  de  Vibrage,  who  was  appointed  last  spring  Ambassador 
to  Sweden. 


Paris,  November  18th,  1791. 

From  the  character  and  sentiments  of  Mr  de  Rocham- 
beau  the  younger,  who  is  of  the  society  of  the  Jacobins,  it 
appears  not  improbable  that  some  design^  of  the  sort  to  which 
your  Lordship  alludes  may  be  entertained  by  him  :  if  such  a 
scheme  does  really  exist,  it  must  be  believed  that  this  Govern- 
ment has  not  as  yet  given  any  countenance  to  it ;  but,  when 
one  considers  that  the  object  of  it,  that  part  at  least  which 
regards  Holland,  is  of  great  national  importance,  and  is  a  point 
in  which  the  honor  of  the  nation  has  been  offended.  Hceret  lateri 
lethalis  arundo.  One  should  be  less  surprized  than  hurt  to  find, 
if  it  should  be  suffered  to  ripen,  that  it  should  be  adopted  by 
this  Government,  especially  when  one  reflects  that  a  diversion  of 
this  sort  abroad  would  tend  to  compose  matters  at  home.  It  is 
certain  that  this   Court  has  some  hidden   object  in  view,  for 

^  Probably  an  attack  on  Holland,  which  was  now  entirely  in  the  liands  of 
EuKland. 


136  NOVEMBER,   1701. 

otherwise  it  would  not  so  tamely  and  with  such  apparent  con- 
tentment, submit  to  what  it  at  present  suffers,  without  the 
comfort  of  some  distant  hopes.  I  shall  use  my  endeavours  to 
acquire  all  possible  information  at  this  place  upon  the  subject, 
but  I  believe  your  Lordship  will  be  able  to  learn  more  from  any 
traveller  in  Flanders  than  I  can  procure  for  you  from  hence. 
The  Swedish  Ambassador  and  Mr  de  Simolin  have  received  a 
conge  from  their  Courts  pour  voyager.  We  still  continue  with- 
out a  minister  for  foreign  affairs,  but  I  believe  that  Mr  de 
Lessart  will  retain  the  Portefeuille  and  resign  the  Home  Depart- 
ment, When  the  minister  informed  the  Assembly  that  his 
most  Christian  Majesty  would  examine  the  decree  against  the 
emigrants,  which  is  the  formal  manner  of  giving  the  veto,  they 
refused  to  hear  what  measures  the  King  had  adopted  in  lieu  of 
it :  the  public  however  were  instructed  the  next  morning  by  a 
proclamation,  a  printed  copy  of  which  I  sent  to  your  Lordship 
by  last  Monday's  post. 

The  measure  of  refusing  that  decree  is  generally  approved  ; 
the  democratic  party  rejoice  at  it  as  it  tends  to  prove  the  King's 
freedom.  A  singular  circumstance  however  has  occurred  in  the 
Palace  of  the  Thuilleries  which  is  not  so  favorable  to  that 
appearance  of  freedom.  Madame  Elizabeth  has  lately  changed 
her  apartment,  which  is  now  in  a  part  of  the  palace  very  distant 
from  that  of  the  King:  his  Majesty,  wishing  to  see  his  sister, 
was  proceeding  towards  her  apartment,  but  was  stopt  by  a 
centinel  who  had  received  a  consigne  not  to  allow  him  to  pass 
after  nine  o'clock  at  night  till  that  hour  in  the  morning ;  upon 
enquiry,  it  appeared  that  this  order  was  given  by  a  corporal 
who  is  taken  and  imprisoned. 

Mr  Pethion  is  chosen  mayor.  A  great  triumph  for  the 
Jacobines !  All  the  principal  municipal  offices  in  Paris  are  now 
held  by  members  of  that  society.  Mr  de  la  Fayette  was  so  con- 
fident of  being  elected  that,  it  is  said,  he  came  to  Paris,  as 
certain  of  that  event ;  but  I  believe  he  is  returned  to  Auvergne. 

A  vessel  is  arrived  at  Bordeaux  which  left  Cap  Fran9ois 
the  ninth  of  October.  The  southern  and  western  parts  of 
the  island  were  at  that  time  quiet  owing  to  an  agreement  that 
the  whites   of  that   part    of  the   island   had    made   with    the 


JACOBINS   IN   POWER.  137 

mulattos  to  abide  by  the  decree  of  the  fifteenth  of  May.  At 
the  Cape  they  had  made  frequent  sallies,  killed  many  negroes 
and  destroyed  their  camp  at  Galifet,  it  appears  that  they 
were  in  expectation  of  receiving  speedy  assistance  from  the 
United  States  both  of  men  and  provisions ;  from  the  Spaniards 
they  have  obtained  neither  although  they  are  bound  by  treaty 
so  to  do.  Mr  Blanchelande  complains  much  of  the  insubordina- 
tion of  the  battalions  of  Artois  and  Normandie.  The  frigate  la 
Fine  is  sailed  from  Brest  with  four  hundred  men  and  they  are 
making  every  possible  exertion  to  send  off  the  rest  of  the  troops 
that  are  destined  for  the  defence  of  that  colony.  The  French 
troops  have  entered  Avignon  and  as  Jourdan  and  the  chiefs  of 
the  brigand  are  in  prison  it  is  hoped  that  unfortunate  country 
will  be  restored  to  peace. 

The  Assembly  has  decreed  that  the  priests  shall  take  the 
serment  civique  instead  of  their  former  oath.  Those  who  refuse 
to  take  it  are  to  be  deprived  of  their  pensions  and  they  are  to 
be  expelled  from  their  Department  if  suspected  of  any  designs 
against  order  or  peace. 


Paris,  November  2otli,  1791. 

As  soon  as  I  received  your  Lordships  instructions  No.  12, 
I  sent  a  letter  to  Mr  de  Lessart,  copy  of  which  I  inclose ;  that 
Minister  has  accepted  the  Department  for  Foreign  Affairs,  but 
nobody  has  yet  ventured  to  undertake  the  Home  Department, 
which  in  truth  requires  the  shoulders  of  an  Atlas  and  the 
strength  and  courage  of  a  Hercules,  but  as  this  is  not  an  age 
for  such  heroes  it  is  plainly  to  be  perceived  that  the  general 
fermentation  throughout  the  kingdom  is  at  a  height  and  of  a 
kind,  which  it  is  impossible  for  the  Government,  constituted  as 
it  is  at  present  to  repress.  In  the  northern  provinces,  more 
especially  much  mischief  is  to  be  expected  from  the  dangerous 
alliance  of  religious  zeal  with  party  spirit.  At  Marseilles  and 
Montpelier  it  already  rages,  and  the  fanatics  of  the  Cevennes 
are  disarming  with  insult  their  bigoted  antagonists.  The  con- 
duct of  the  National  Assembly  gives  little  room  to  hope  that 


138  NOVEMBER,    1791. 

it  will  be  able  to  stem  the  torrent :  they  begin  to  entertain 
serious  fears  of  the  emigrants  since  they  have  learnt  that  they 
are  supplied  with  the  means  not  only  of  subsistance  but  of 
obtaining  ammunition  and  cavalry,  by  the  liberality,  as  it  is 
supposed,  of  the  Empress  of  Russia  ;  and  to  those  fears,  and  not 
on  account  of  the  denonciation  against  the  Sieur  Vamier  is  to 
be  attributed  the  hasty  formation  of  an  Haute  Cour  Rationale. 

Your  Lordship  will  observe  that  not  only  the  municipality 
but  the  ouvriers  of  Nantes  have  chosen  to  address,  not  the 
Assembly  but  the  King,  who,  in  his  answer,  said,  that  he  would 
do  all  in  his  power  to  restore  tranquillity  in  the  colonies  and 
that  he  hoped  ho  should  be  seconded  by  the  National  Assembly. 
The  arrival  of  the  frigate  I'Embuscade  at  Rochefort  is  a  strong 
proof  of  the  insubordination  of  the  French  sailors  as  well  as 
soldiers.  That  ship  was  sent  from  Martinico  in  order  to  convey 
the  Commissioners  at  Guadeloupe  to  Saint  Lucia,  where,  owing 
to  the  disturbances  in  that  island,  their  presence  was  thought 
necessary,  but  the  crew  thinking  their  own  presence  more 
necessary  in  France  in  order  to  refute  the  denunciations  made 
in  the  patriotic  clubs  against  the  soldiers,  confined  their  captain 
and  set  sail  for  this  country  where  they  expect  to  receive  the 
applause  of  all  true  patriots.  Mr  la  Fayette  is  elected  to  the 
command  of  one  of  the  six  legions  of  the  National  Guard  at 
Paris  ;  the  report  of  his  having  been  here  at  the  time  of  the 
election  of  the  mayor  is  without  foundation. 

The  Swedish  Ambassador  and  the  Russian  Minister  were 
both  at  Court  yesterday. 


Paris,  December  2nd,  1791. 

In  order  to  find  occupation  for  the  Haute  Cour  Nationale 
the  Assembly  has  formed  a  Comite  de  Surveillance  which,  to 
judge  by  the  conduct  and  sentiments  of  the  members  who 
compose  it,  will  be  as  active  and  inquisitorial  as  the  late  Comite 
des  R^cherches ;  for  their  party  seems  to  acquire  acrimony  in 
proportion  to  it's  loss  of  followers. 

A  man  has  at  last  been  found  bold  enou<rh  to  undertake  the 


APPROACHING   CRISIS.  139 

Departement  de  Vinterieur :  Mr  Cahier  de  Gerville,  who  since 
the  revolution  has  executed  the  office  of  Frocureur  Syndic  de 
la  Comviune  with  general  approbation,  is  appointed  Minister  of 
that  Department. 

An  universal  expectation  of  an  approaching  crisis  prevails. 
Every  body  acknowledges  that  France  cannot  long  continue  in 
it's  present  state  ;  but  what  the  denouement  of  this  tragi-comedy 
will  be  remains  to  be  known. 

The  moderate  party  is  daily  gaining  ground,  and  waits  for 
some  event  which  may  enable  it  to  shew  it's  strength.  In  the 
mean  time  the  Court  exists  in  a  miserable  suspense  between  it's 
jealousy  of  the  emigrants  and  it's  dread  of  the  Jacobins.  The 
private  answer  which  his  most  Christian  Majesty  has  received 
from  his  brothers  proves  that  their  party  has  received  too  much 
encouragement  to  return  peacably  at  his  summons,  and  the 
public  language  of  the  democratic  party,  (for  a  specimen  of 
which  I  refer  to  last  Tuesday's  debate  well  worth  your  Lordship's 
perusal)  shews  that  they  are  ready  to  pursue  strong  measures 
in  support  of  their  sentiments.  Mr  Isnard's  speech  in  that 
debate  seems  to  have  placed  him  at  the  head  of  that  party  in 
the  Assembly.  I  hope  to  be  able  to  send  your  Lordship  a  state 
of  the  southern  whale  fishery  carried  on  from  this  country  by 
the  next  messenger;  but  as  I  have  been  obliged  to  send  to 
Dunkirk  for  information  upon  that  subject,  I  may  be  unable  to 
send  it  so  soon. 

P.S.  The  decree  concerning  the  priests  is  not  yet  sanctioned. 


Paris,  December  5th,  1791. 

I  forgot  to  mention  to  your  Lordship  that  the  Dey  of 
Algiers  has  declared  his  intention  of  continuing  in  friendship 
with  France;  all  fears  therefore  have  ceased  of  the  French  trade 
in  the  Mediterranean  being  molested  from  that  quarter. 

Two  thousand  eight  hundred  men  are  already  embarked  for 
Saint  Domingo  ;  but  a  circumstance  has  happened  at  Brest 
which  gives  the  Minister  considerable  embarrassment.  Mr  de 
la  Jaillc  who  was  appointed  to  the   command  of  the  Diiguc- 


140  DECEMBER,    1791. 

Trouin,  one  of  the  vessels  destined  to  carry  assistance  to  Saint 
Domingo,  had  not  arrived  three  hours  at  Brest  before  the 
lantern-rope  was  prepared  for  him,  the  multitude  conceiving 
that  his  intentions  were  to  assist  the  aristocratic  party  in  the 
colonies,  but  he  was  lucky  enough  by  the  assistance  of  the  civil 
magistrates  and  the  military  to  escape  with  life  to  the  castle  of 
that  town. 

About  the  middle  of  September  last  Mr  de  Rochambeau  the 
younger  addrest  some  of  the  Patriots  Brabangons  who  were 
present  at  a  meeting  of  the  friends  of  the  Constitution  at 
Maubeuge  in  the  following  manner.  Patriots,  you  knew  how  to 
value  liberty,  you  desired  it;  but  unfortunate  events  have  pre- 
vented your  obtaining  it.  The  friends  of  the  French  Constitution 
comprehend  the  whole  world  in  their  system  of  philanthropy, 
and  on  that  account  they  hope  that  when  you  return  into  your 
own  country  you  will  sow  the  seeds  of  our  benevolent  intentions 
that  they  may  produce  an  abundant  harvest.  The  Austrian 
Government  having  complained  to  this  Court  of  these  proceedings, 
the  Minister  of  the  Interieur  wrote  to  the  department  in  which 
Maubeuge  is  situated  to  investigate  the  matter :  a  Proces  verbal, 
of  this  affair  was  accordingly  required  from  the  municipality : 
this  has  produced  a  most  curious  letter  from  those  friends  of  the 
Constitution  to  the  municipal  officers  of  Maubeuge,  copy  of  which 
I  inclose.  Mr  Duportail  has  resigned  the  War  Department:  his 
successor  is  not  yet  named. 

An  extraordinary  council  is  to  be  held  this  evening  when 
it  will  be  decided  whether  the  King  shall  give  his  sanction  to 
the  decree  against  the  non-juring  clergy.  This  department  has 
addrest  him  not  to  give  it.  The  address,  I  understand,  was  drawn 
up  by  the  late  Bishop  of  Autun. 

The  report  of  the  King's  having  left  Paris  was  industriously 
spread  on  the  frontiers  in  order  to  create  confusion :  the  plan  of 
spreading  at  the  same  time  a  report  of  an  armed  entrance 
of  the  emigrants  into  France  was  timely  prevented  by  the 
Minister's  having  informed  the  Mayor  that  he  had  reason  to 
suppose  such  a  scheme  was  in  agitation. 

Nobody  seems  to  doubt  that  the  inclosed  letter  of  the 
Empress  of  Russia  is  genuine. 


POSTAL   ARUAXGEMENTS   WITH    ENGLAND,  141 


Paris,  December  9th,  1791. 

I  send  inclosed  a  copy  of  a  letter  which  I  have  received 
from  Mr  Delessart  concerning;  the  Tobagro  creditors. 

I  have  communicated  to  that  Minister  Mr  Trist's  case  ;  and 
I  have  desired  him  to  give  such  orders  for  the  recovery  of  his 
property  as  he  may  be  entitled  to.  With  regard  to  resuming 
the  negotiation  which  was  begun  in  the  year  1787  for  settling  a 
six-days  post,  which  is  undoubtedly  a  very  desirable  object,  I 
see  no  impediment  if  the  French  Ministers  are  willing  to  resume 
it:  as  soon  as  I  can  learn  their  sentiment  upon  that  subject  your 
Lordship  shall  be  informed  of  it. 

Mr  Louis  de  Narbonne  is  appointed  Minister  of  the  War 
Department :  he  is  a  young  man  of  spirit  and  abilities  as  well 
calculated  for  that  office  as  any  person  who  would  accept  it  at 
present. 

The  petition  of  the  administrators  of  the  department  of 
Paris,  a  printed  copy  of  which  I  inclose,  will  probably  be  pro- 
ductive of  others  of  the  same  sort :  the  present  Assembly  has 
the  faculty  of  forming  decrees  in  a  manner  which  gives  the 
French  King  a  fair  opportunity  of  exercising  his  veto.  The  last 
concerning  the  colonies  which  was  drawn  up  by  Mr  Brissot 
comes  under  that  description. 

The  critical  situation  of  this  country  becomes  every  day 
more  apparent ;  the  general  alarm  drives  the  little  money  in 
specie  that  remains  out  of  the  kingdom ;  the  price  of  it,  of 
course,  daily  increases,  and  the  value  of  assignats  diminishes  :  a 
national  bankruptcy  is  more  than  ever  to  be  expected. 

It  is  believed  that  tlio  King  will  go  to  the  Assembly  to- 
morrow. 


Pahis,   Drccvthrr  lC>(}i,  1701. 

The  National  Assembly  has,  as  usual,  employed  the  last 
week  in  the  most  frivolous  manner ;  hearing  and  applauding 
petitions  from  the  several  sections  of  Paris  against  that  which 
the   administrators  of  tlio   department   have   presented   to  his 


142  DECEMBER,    1791. 

most  Christian  Majesty.  They  had  decreed  that  these  petitions 
should  be  sent  to  the  83  departments,  but,  the  next  day,  they 
were  persuaded  by  some  members  who  belong  to  the  club  of 
the  Feuillans  to  repeal  it.  A  decree  of  the  same  sort  was 
suffered  to  pass  the  Assembly  a  few  days  before  with  regard  to 
an  address  which  was  presented  to  them  in  the  name  of  that 
meeting  in  London  which  goes  by  the  name  of  the  Constitutional 
Society:  it  was  ordered  to  be  printed  in  English  and  French 
and  sent  to  the  83  departments  and  also  to  be  presented  to  the 
French  King.  The  weighty  business  of  last  Tuesday  began  by 
listening  to  a  discourse  of  one  Cloots,  a  Prussian  who  styles 
himself  Anacharsis  from  a  resemblance  that  he  imagines  he 
possesses  to  the  Scythian  philosopher  of  that  name  ;  in  addition 
to  which  he  has  assumed  the  title  of  Orateur  du  Genre  humain, 
and  as  such  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Assembly :  the 
members  of  which,  as  if  they  wished  still  more  to  degrade  their 
dignity,  consumed  the  rest  of  the  night,  for  they  did  not  break 
up  till  seven  o'clock  the  next  morning,  in  examining  drunken 
witnesses  about  a  drunken  drummer  whom  the  Comite  de  Sur- 
veillance suspected  of  being  guilty  of  enlisting  men  for  the  array 
of  the  Princes. 

His  most  Christian  Majesty,  whose  presence  had  been  expected 
for  some  days,  went  the  next  day  to  the  Assembly,  and  made  a 
speech^  a  printed  copy  of  which  I  inclose ;  the  president  an- 
swered dryly  that  the  Assembly  would  take  into  consideration 
the  propositions  which  he  had  made  and  would  communicate 
its  determination  by  a  message.  It  is  rather  singular  that  Mr 
Le  Montez  should  have  so  cautiously  avoided  using  the  words 
Sir's  and  Majeste,  as  he  is  reckoned  a  moderate  and  sensible 
man  ;  these  words  however  occur  in  the  message  which  has 
been  since  delivered. 

Mr  de  Narbonne  afterwards  informed  the  Assembly  that  he 
had  taken  measures  to  have  one  hundred  and  fifty  thousand 
men  on  the  frontiers  in  less  than  a  month,  that  they  would  be 
formed  into  three  armies  to  be  commanded  by  Mr  Lukner  Mr 

1  He  said  that  he  had  informed  the  princes  who  protected  the  emigres  that 
they  must  cease  all  enrolment  of  troops  from  now  till  Jan.  15,  and  that  if  they 
did  not  they  would  be  regarded  as  enemies. 


(il.l'T    OF    ASSIGNATS.  14o 

Rocliambeau  and  Mr  la  Fayette ;  that  to  the  two  former  the 
King  wished  to  give  the  title  of  Marechal  de  France,  but  that  a 
decree  of  the  Assembly  would  be  required  for  that  purpose.  He 
likewise  said  that  he  should  go  himself  in  a  few  days  to  visit 
•the  frontiers. 

Since  it  has  appeared  that  a  foreign  war  is  the  plan  and 
policy  of  the  Ministers,  the  Jacobins  begin  to  use  every  plausible 
argument  against  it :  the  Swedish  Ambassador  and  Mr  de 
Simolin  were  both  yesterday  at  Court ;  but  it  is  believed  that 
the  King  of  Sweden  has  again  refused  to  attend  to  the  letter  of 
the  French  King.  The  genuineness  of  the  Empress  of  Kussia's 
letter  to  the  Marechal  de  Broglio  is  doubted. 

A  fresh  fabrication  of  assignats,  one  hundred  millions  in 
assignats  of  25  livres  and  one  hundred  millions  of  10  livres 
have  been  decreed ;  and  it  is  proposed  to  issue  one  hundred 
millions  in  assignats  below  five  livres  as  low  perhaps  as  10 
sous. 

A  club  is  instituted  at  Maubeuge  under  the  protection 
probably  of  Mr  Rochambeau  the  younger,  the  title  of  which  is 
La  Societe  des  Amis  de  la  Libert^  Braban^onne. 


Paris,  December  23id,  1791. 

I  flattered  myself  I  should  have  been  able  to  have  sent 
your  Lordship  this  week  an  account  of  the  southern  whale 
fishery  as  it  is  at  present  carried  on  by  this  country :  but  as  I 
have  not  yet  received  all  the  information  I  expect  upon  that 
subject,  I  am  forced  to  postpone  it. 

As  the  last  decree  for  the  emission  of  three  hundred  millions 
in  assignats  makes  the  whole  already  decreed  amount  to  two 
thousand  one  hundred  millions  and  when  the  most  accurate 
and  impartial  calculators  suppose  that  the  whole  of  the  national 
property  does  not  exceed  three  thousand  millions,  it  is  not 
surprizing  that,  their  credit  should  be  shaken  and  if  it  should  be 
expedient  for  this  country  to  undertake  a  war,  instead  of  the 
former  flattering  prospect  of  paying  off  the  unfunded  part  of  the 
national  debt,  a  new  loan  must  be  uponod. 


144  DECEMBER,    1791. 

Mr  de  Segur,  who  retains  his  character  of  Ambassador  at 
Rome,  sets  off  to-day  for  Berlin  :  it  is  very  uncertain  whether 
Mr  de  Choiseul  Gouffier  will  accept  the  embassy  to  England,  if 
he  should  refuse  it,  it  will  probably  be  given  either  to  Mr  de 
S^gur  or  Mr  de  Moustier  the  latter,  if  he  accepts,  will  go  to 
Constantinople.  Mr  de  Sainte  Croix  is  appointed  Minister 
Plenipotentiary  to  the  Elector  of  Treves  and  Mr  de  Marbois 
succeeds  Mr  Berenger  at  Ratisbonne. 

A  report  of  the  Emperor's  determination  to  adhere  to  the 
Conclusum  of  the  Diet  has  given  fresh  spirits  to  the  aristocratic 
party  which  had  been  considerably  deprest  by  an  official  note 
of  the  Elector  of  Treves,  which  your  Lordship  will  see  in  the 
inclosed  Gazette  Universelle,  which  also  contains  an  extract  of  a 
letter  from  Mr  Walkiers  well  worth  your  Lordship's  perusal  as  it 
accounts  for  the  arrival  of  a  large  body  of  Braban^ons  in  French 
Flanders.  The  Assembly  has  prudently  issued  a  decree  against 
their  forming  meetings.  Mr  de  Narbonne  did  not  leave  Paris 
till  Tuesday  night. 


Paris,  December  30tli,  1791. 

The  deficit  for  the  last  month  is  eighteen  millions 
which  together  with  thirteen  millions  for  the  extraordinaries  of 
that  month  the  Assembly  has  decreed  to  be  paid  into  the 
treasury  from  the  Caisse  de  V extraordinaire :  they  have  also 
voted  the  twenty  millions  extraordinary  for  the  army. 

The  continuance  of  the  decrease  of  assignats  has  occasioned 
a  very  considerable  rise  in  the  price  of  all  foreign  merchandize : 
the  cotton  and  woollen  manufactures  will  suffer  the  most  from 
this  circumstance  in  the  article  of  Spanish  wool  the  rise  is  not 
less  than  forty  sols  per  pound.  Mr  de  Lessart  notified  yesterday 
to  the  Assembly  that  the  King  of  Sweden's  Minister  had  at  last 
received  his  most  Christian  Majesty's  notification  of  his  accept- 
ation of  the  French  Constitution :  there  are  people,  who  con- 
necting this  with  Mr  de  Lessart's  submitting  to  the  Assembly 
the  utility  of  secret  service  money,  flatter  themselves  that  a  war 
may  still  be  prevented ;  while  others  regard  this  measure  as  a 
system  of  procrastination  founded  on  good  policy. 


IMPENDING   WAR.  145 

The  declaration  drawn  up  by  Mr  Condorcet,  which  your 
Lordship  will  see  at  the  end  of  this  day's  Logographe,  was 
intended  to  have  been  sent  to  all  the  powers  of  Europe,  but  an 
apprehension  that  it  might  be  understood  as  a  declaration  of 
war  prevented  the  Assembly  from  adopting  that  measure,  -and 
made  them  confine  the  publication  of  it  to  the  interior  of  the 
kingdom. 

It  is  said  that  a  man  has  been  taken  up  at  Worms,  it  having 
been  discovered  that  he  had  an  intention  to  assassinate  the 
Prince  of  Conde,  and  they  say  that  many  people  were  concerned 
in  the  plot :  that  Prince,  it  is  believed,  is  gone  to  Coblence. 

The  club  of  the  Jacobins  has  gained  a  temporary  victory 
over  that  of  the  Feuillans,  for,  by  occasioning  disturbances  at 
their  meetings,  they  have  obliged  the  Assembly  to  order  them 
to  quit  the  Church  of  the  Feuillans  which  belongs  to  and  is 
contiguous  to  the  Assembly. 

A  new  fabrication  of  counterfeited  assignats  has  just  ap- 
peared :  they  are  of  500  livres  and  so  well  done  that  the  only 
discernible  difference  is  a  circumflex  instead  of  an  accent  over 
the  word  conforme'ment:  no  trace  has  as  yet  been  discovered  of 
their  orig-in. 


Paris,  January  Gth,  1792. 

The  only  effect  of  the  contents  of  the  two  inclosed  papers 
has  been  to  impress  people's  minds  with  a  notion  that  it  will  be 
very  difficult  to  avoid  the  impending  war ;  the  French  King's 
astonishment  appears  however  to  be  greater  upon  this  occasion 
than  that  of  his  subjects. 

The  debate  which  terminated  in  a  decree  that  has  placed 
liis  Most  Christian  Majesty's  brothers,  the  Prince  of  Conde,  Mr 
de  Calonne,  Mr  de  la  Queille,  and  Mr  de  Mirabeau,  en  etat  d'ac- 
cusation,  not  having  been  inserted  in  the  Logographe  of  last 
Monday,!  took  the  first  opportunity  of  sending  the  next  number 
of  that  paper,  which  I  hope  your  Lordship  has  received. 

I  have  again  prcst  Mr  de  Lessart  to  have  the  Tobago  busi- 
ness brought  to  a  discussion  :  he  has  promised  me  that  he  will 
desire  the  Minister  of  the  Marine  Department  to  write  a  second 
G.  c.  ] 0 


146  JANUARY,   1792. 

time  to  the  President,  if  that  affair  should  not  come  before  the 
Assembly  in  a  few  days. 

With  regard  to  a  six  days'  post  between  London  and  Paris, 
he  says,  he  is  informed  there  are  difficulties  which  may  render 
that  measure  impracticable  at  present,  and  he,  at  the  same 
time,  informed  me  and  lamented  that  it  is  impossible  for  the 
French  Ministry  to  deliver  up  Oxon  because  the  present  laws 
and  constitution  of  this  country  will  not  permit  it.  From  the 
private  letters  which  have  been  received  from  Mr  de  Narbonne 
and  Mr  de  la  Fayette  it  appears  that  the  whole  of  the  army, 
regulars  as  well  as  National  Guard,  is  in  a  state  of  insubordina- 
tion not  very  promising  at  the  eve  of  a  war;  and  to  these 
accounts  is  to  be  attributed  the  speech  of  Mr  Isnard  in  yester- 
day's debate,  in  which  he  strongly  recommends  union  at  home, 
a  cultivation  of  ancient  and  an  endeavour  to  form  new  alliances. 
The  release  of  the  soldiers  of  the  Swiss  Regiment  of  Chateau- 
vieux,  who  were  confined  at  Brest,  by  which  they  have  certainly 
infringed  their  last  treaty  with  the  Swiss  cantons,  will  hasten 
Mr  Bartheldmy's^  departure  from  hence. 

The  last  official  accounts  from  Saint  Domingo  are  far  from 
being  satisfactory :  the  blacks  have  again  begun  to  destroy  the 
plantations  in  the  northern  part  of  that  island,  and  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Port  au  Prince,  who  have  sent  troops  against  them, 
express  their  fears  that  they  may  want  them  at  home. 

From  the  Isle  de  France  there  is  a  report  that  Mr  de  la 
Peyroux  has  been  heard  of,  but  little  credit  is  given  to  it. 


Paris,  January  13,  1792. 

The  report  which  Mr  de  Narbonne  made  to  the  Assembly 
last  Wednesday,  and  which  is  accurately  copied  in  yesterday's 
Logographe,  gives  a  true  account  of  the  state  of  the  fortifications 
and  army  on  the  frontiers;  making  allowance  for  a  certain 
heightening  of  the  favorable  and  a  softening  of  the  unfavorable 
parts ;  the  jealousy  between  the  regulars  and  National  Guard, 
which    must   continue   as  long   as    the    latter   receives   a   pay 

1  He  was  French  Minister  to  the  government  of  Switzerland  and  negotiated 
the  treaty  of  Bale  in  1795. 


TALLEYRAND  GOING  TO  ENGLAND.  147 

superior  to  that  of  the  former,  and  the  great  want  of  discipline 
in  both  are  not  so  much  insisted  on  as  truth  might  require. 
Of  the  want  of  discipline  a  very  dreadful  proof  had  nearly 
occurred  at  Verdun,  where,  owing  to  some  dispute,  the  grena- 
diers of  Poitou  and  the  dragoons  of  Conde  had  fired  upon  each 
other  and  were  proceeding  to  a  regular  engagement,  when  Mr 
de  la  Fayette  arrived  and  persuaded  them  to  desist. 

Such  being  the  state  of  the  French  army,  the  Comite 
Diplomatique  and  Mr  de  Lessart  are  intent  to  avert  a  war  or  at 
least  to  gain  strength  by  negotiation.  Mr  de  Perigord,  the  late 
Bishop  of  Autun,  is  upon  the  point  of  going  to  England.  Having 
been  a  member  of  the  late  Assembly  he  can  assume  no  public 
character.  It  was  at  first  intended  that  he  should  be  accom- 
panied by  Mr  Bonne-Carrere,  the  person  whom  the  Bishop  oi 
Liege  refused  to  receive  last  year  from  this  Court :  he  was  at 
that  time  conspicuous  as  a  secretary  of  the  club  of  the  Jacobins 
and  having  been  formerly  in  England  and  well  acquainted  with 
our  manners  and  language  he  was  employed,  during  the  last 
war,  in  the  East  Indies  pour  surveiller  les  Anglois.  The  measure 
however  of  sending  this  gentleman  to  England  at  present  is 
dropt,  and  they  are  now  employed  in  finding  a  more  proper 
subject. 

Mr  de  Jarry,  who  was  Professor  in  the  Military  School  at 
Berlin,  and  who  at  that  time,  had  courted  the  favor  of  the 
present  King  of  Prussia,  is  gone  or  is  going  there  :  the  object 
of  his  mission  is  to  accomplish  something  in  which  it  is  supposed 
Mr  de  Segur  may  fail,  it  having  been  discovered  that  he  had 
taken  with  him  Bills  of  Exchange  to  a  very  considerable  amount, 
and  means  having  been  taken  that  the  King  of  Prussia  should 
be  informed  of  it  perhaps  even  before  his  arrival  at  Berlin. 

Mr  de  Bourgoing  is,  I  believe,  sent  for  from  Hamburg  to  go 
to  Spain  in  a  private  character,  that  Court  having  refused,  last 
year  to  receive  in  any  other. 

The  Swedish  Ambassador's  servant,  Anselm  is  returned  from 
Stockholm.  He  brings  with  him  a  conge  for  his  master,  who 
purposes  to  leave  this  Court  in  less  than  a  fortnight,  but  no 
answer  to  this  Court  from  the  King  of  Sweden.  Mr  de  Simolin 
is  in  daily  ex})ectation  of  a  similar  conge. 

10—2 


148  JANUARY,   1792. 

The  discredit  into  which  assignats  are  fallen,  and  which  the 
frequent  discoveries  of  fresh  forgeries  of  them,  if  there  was  no 
other  cause,  will  probably  increase,  is  such  that  in  Britanny  they 
no  longer  pass  in  currentcy. 

A  vessel  is  arrived  at  Bordeaux  which  gives  an  account  of 
the  total  destruction  of  le  Port  an  Prince :  according  to  an 
account  of  an  officer  on  board,  for  it  brings  no  letters,  they 
began  to  burn  the  town  on  the  twenty  first  of  November :  on 
the  first  of  December  that  vessel  (le  Sincere)  escaped  from  the 
road  notwithstanding  the  embargo:  at  that  time  there  were  but 
six  or  seven  houses  remaining  at  Port  au  Prince,  the  plain  had 
not  then  suffered  :  the  inhabitants  had  united  under  arms  at  la 
Croix  des  Bouquets.  The  rebels,  in  addition  to  the  blacks 
consisted  of  petits  hlancs,  mulattoes,  and  free  negroes  and  many 
soldiers  of.  the  battalions  of  Artois  and  Normandie  who  had 
joined  them.  He  attributes  the  destruction  of  the  town  to  the 
decree  of  the  twenty-fourth  of  September. 

The  Stocks  and  Exchange  have  fallen  to-day  three  per  cent. 


Paris,  Januanj  20th,   1792. 

I  informed  your  Lordship,  in  my  last  dispatch,  of  the 
late  Bishop  of  Autun's  intended  mission  to  England :  that 
measure  however  was  not  communicated  to  me  by  the  Minister 
of  Foreign  Affairs  till  yesterday  at  dinner  at  my  house.  He 
told  me  that  it  was  not  absolutely  resolved  upon  till  last 
Sunday,  that  he  had  called  upon  me  on  the  following  day  with 
the  intention  of  conversing  with  me  upon  the  subject,  but  not 
finding  me  at  home,  and  not  having  been  able  to  receive  the 
foreign  ministers  at  his  own  house  on  account  of  the  debates  in 
the  Assembly,  the  subject  of  which  rendered  his  constant 
attendance  there  necessary,  he  took  that  opportunity  of  men- 
tioning it  to  me,  and  he  said,  he  believed,  as  the  Bishoj)  was  to 
make  a  detour  that  my  dispatch  of  this  day  would  reach  your 
Lordship  before  his  arrival  in  London.  I  have  reason  to  think 
his  calculation  is  not  accurate.  Mr  de  Pdrigord  however  carries 
with  him  letters  of  recommendation  from  the  Minister,  for  they 
cannot  be  called  of  credence  since  it  would  be  unconstitutional 


DEFICIT   OF   THIRTY-FIVE   MILLIONS.  149 

for  him  to  appear  in  any  public  character.  The  Due  de  Biron, 
I  believe  will  accompany  him  to  London,  but  of  this  I  was  not 
informed  by  Mr  de  Lessart. 

From  the  speeches  of  Mr  Brissot  and  Mr  Vergniaud,  in  the 
debates  of  this  week,  it  must  appear  that  the  Jacobins  are 
desirous  of  war ;  but  there  is  a  considerable  body  of  them,  the 
followers  of  Mr  Robertspierre,  who  wish  to  avoid  it  by  negotia- 
tion. 

Mr  de  Ste  Croix's  last  dispatches  from  Coblence  give  reasor. 
to  suppose  that  the  French  troops  will  not  be  able  to  find  an 
excuse  for  passing  the  Rhine  at  present :  the  emigrants  are 
dispersing  or  at  least  retiring.  Monsieur,  whose  decheance  has 
been  declared  by  the  Assembly,  it  is  supposed,  will  go  to  Turin. 

The  deficit  for  the  last  month  amounts  in  all  to  above 
thirty-five  millions.  It  is  to  be  hoped  however,  for  the  interest  of 
other  countries,  more  than  it  is  to  be  expected,  that  a  national 
bankruptcy  may  still  be  avoided. 

In  addition  to  the  inconvenience  which  arises  from  the  great 
number  of  false  assignats  a  quantity  of  false  louis  have  got 
into  circulation,  but  the  forgerers  of  them  have  been  discovered 
and  taken  at  Romainville,  a  village  near  Paris.  The  Assembly 
has  not  yet  decided  whether  it  is  proper  to  declare  war  against 
the  Emperor  or  to  try  whether  an  accommodation  may  not  be 
brought  about  by  negotiation. 


Paris,  Jumianj  '20tli,  1792. 

I  have  stated  in  my  dispatch  of  to-day  what  Mr  do 
Lessart  said  to  me  yesterday  at  dinner  at  my  house,  concerning 
the  Bishop  of  Autun's  journey  to  England;  I  think  however  it 
is  proper  you  should  know  what  Mr  do  Narbonne  said  to  me  at 
the  same  time  upon  that  subject.  He  exprest  his  astonishment 
at  Mr  de  Lcssart's  having  delayed  so  long  to  notify  to  me  Mr  de 
Perigord's  mission,  and  ho  assured  me  that  he  had  desired  him 
to  mention  the  subject  to  me  when  it  was  first  in  agitation, 
he  added  that  he  believed  the  Bishop  would  be  arrived  in 
England  some  days  before  my  dispatch  ;  in  fact  the  detour  that 
he  is  to  make  is  no  farther  out  of  the  direct  road  than  Valen- 


150  JANUARY,   1792. 

cienncs,  where  he  is  to  meet  the  Due  de  Biron,  who  will 
probably  proceed  with  him  to  England;  an  alliance  between 
France  and  England  has,  to  my  knowledge,  been  long  a  favorite 
object  of  Mr  de  Biron,  and,  having  in  former  journeys  to 
London,  made  an  extensive  acquaintance  there,  he  will  be  able 
to  introduce  the  Bishop  of  Autun  to  people  of  all  descriptions 
and  parties :  it  was  once  reported  that  Mr  de  Ste  Foy  was  to 
have  accompanied  him  for  that  purpose ;  the  choice  of  Mr  de 
Biron  is  certainly  preferable  in  all  respects.  But  to  return  to 
Mr  de  Lessart,  his  natural  indolence  contrasts  so  strongly  with 
the  activity  of  mind  and  entcrprize  of  Mr  de  Narbonne  that  it 
will  require  all  Madame  de  Stael's  abilities  to  preserve  a  good 
harmony  between  them. 


Paris,  January  21th,   1792. 

I  inclose  a  letter  which  I  have  received  from  Mr  de 
Lessart  inclosing  a  copy  of  one  to  him  from  Mr  de  Bichebourg 
President  du  Directoire  des  Pastes,  by  which  your  Lordship  will 
perceive  that  this  Government  objects  to  a  six-days  post  between 
London  and  Paris,  but  that  it  is  ready  to  agree  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  four-days  post  between  the  two  metropolis's. 

The  peace  of  this  town  has  been  threatened  to  be  disturbed, 
during  the  course  of  this  week,  by  mobs  which  have  assembled 
before  grocers  shops  and  insisted  upon  a  reduction  of  the  price 
of  sugar ;  but  the  proper  behaviour  of  the  National  Guard  and 
the  conciliatory  advice  of  the  Municipal  officers  have  prevented 
any  very  considerable  mischief.  Mr  la  Borde,  the  banker,  who  is 
possest  of  a  large  stock  of  sugar,  the  product  of  his  own  estate 
in  St  Domingo,  has  judged  it  necessary  for  his  personal  safety 
to  quit  the  kingdom. 

A  notion,  which  is  industriously  kept  up,  that  the  royal 
family  have  an  intention  of  attempting,  a  second  time  to  leave 
the  kingdom,  occasions  suspicions  and  jealousies  which,  at 
present,  only  tend  to  increase  the  number  of  spies  and  informers 
about  the  palace  and  even  in  private  houses. 


ARRANGEMENTS  FOR  RECRUITING  THE  ARMY.     151 

The  National  Assembly,  ujDon  the  report  of  the  Minister  of  the 
War  Department,  that  fifty  one  thousand  men  were  wanting  to 
compleat  the  army  for  the  war  establishment,  had  decreed  that 
they  should  not  be  raised  out  of  the  volunteers  now  on  the 
frontiers,  but,  upon  the  minister's  declaring  that  he  should 
resign  if  speedy  measures  were  not  adopted  for  raising  them,  as 
without  them  he  would  not  be  responsible  for  the  success  of  a 
war,  they  decreed  that,  as  soon  as  possible,  a  register  should  be 
opened  in  every  district  of  the  kingdom  to  receive  the  names 
of  those  who  wisht  to  enter  into  the  army  on  the  following 
conditions.  That  every  foot  soldier  should  receive  a  premium 
of  80  livres  and  be  engaged  for  three  years :  for  the  cavalry 
and  artillery  that  the  premium  should  be  120  livres,  and  the 
term  4  years:  if  the  army  should  be  reduced  to  the  peace 
establishment  before  the  expiration  of  the  terms,  they  are  to  be 
at  liberty  to  retire.  The  Assembly  likewise  decreed  that  the 
soldiers  who  have  served  their  time  should,  if  they  chose  to 
inlist  again,  receive  immediately  a  premium  of  25  livres  for 
every  year  of  their  new  engagement,  and  80  for  the  cavalry 
and  artillery,  and  after  the  reduction  of  the  army  these 
engagements  are  only  to  be  binding  for  one  half  of  the  time 
then  unexpired. 

The  King  has  since  ordered  the  minister  to  propose  to  the 
Assembly  an  addition  of  8  legions  destined  to  form  the  van- 
guard of  the  army,  when  upon  march  in  the  enemy's  country, 
each  of  which  to  consist  of  1722  foot  and  832  horse,  one  third 
of  the  infantry  to  be  National  Guards ;  and  to  form  for  every 
one  of  the  three  great  divisions  of  the  army  a  brigade  of  843 
artillery  men  with  a  train  of  artillery  to  serve  on  all  occasions 
with  the  cavalry.  It  is  the  opinion  of  the  minister,  as  well  as 
of  the  three  generals,  that  it  will  be  necessary  to  pay  the  army 
in  specie.  Mr  dc  Rochambeau  insisted  much  upon  this 
measure  in  a  speech  which  he  made  on  Wednesday  in  the 
Assembly. 

A  deputation  from  the  National  Assembly  has  desu-cd  the 
King  to  declare  to  the  Emperor  that  he  cannot  treat  with  any 
power  except  in  the  name  of  the  Frcncli  nation,  and  to  ask 
liini,    whether,    as    head  of    the  house  of   Austria,  he  intends 


152  JANUARY,   1792. 

to  live  in  good  intelligence  with  the  French  nation  and  to 
renounce  all  treaties  and  conventions  contrary  to  the  sove- 
reignty independance  and  safety  of  the  nation,  and  at  the 
same  time  to  declare  to  the  Emperor  that  unless  he  gives 
to  the  nation  full  and  entire  satisfaction  upon  these  points 
before  the  first  of  March,  his  silence  or  any  dilatory  or  evasive 
answer  shall- be  construed  as  a  declaration  of  war:  the  King 
has  answered  that  he  will  take  this  message  en  tres  grande 
consideration.  In  consequence  of  this,  Mr  de  Marbois,  the 
French  Minister  to  the  Diet  of  Ratisbonne,  is  to  go  to  Vienna, 
where  they  hope  he  will  succeed  better  than  Mr  de  S^gur 
has  done  at  Beilin.  His  last  letter  from  thence  dated  the 
17th  being  far  from  satisfactory,  his  speedy  return  to  Paris 
is  expected. 

The  probability  of  a  war  appears  so  great  that  this 
Government  is  buying  in  specie  in  Holland  and  other  places 
at  an  enormous  price. 


P.tRis,  February  drd,  1792. 

A  decree  has  past  the  Assembly  obliging  all  persons  who 
travel  in  France  to  provide  themselves  with  passports  from  the 
municipality  from  whence  they  begin  their  journey :  this 
decree,  which  contains  articles  that  will  prove  extremely  vex- 
atious and  inconvenient  to  all  possible  descriptions  of  travellers, 
and  consequently  detrimental  to  the  commerce  and  trade 
of  the  country,  has  not  yet  received  the  King's  sanction. 

Upon  a  report  of  the  Committee  of  Marines  the  Assembly 
divided  upon  the  question  that  the  minister  of  that  depart- 
ment had  lost  the  confidence  of  the  nation,  which  question 
was  lost  by  only  208  to  196 :  it  is  therefore  probable  that  that 
minister  will  not  remain  long  in  office :  he  possesses  a  steadi- 
ness of  character  ill-calculated  to  conciliate  the  good-graces  of 
the  National  Assembly. 

To  the  continuation  of  the  report  of  the  King's  intention  of 
leaving  the  kingdom  is  to  be  attributed  the  non-attendance 
of  his  own  guard  at  the  Thuilleries,  for  the  men  are  in  complete 
readiness  for  doing  duty  and  it  was  intended  that  they  should 


CAUTION   OF   NATIONAL   GUARD.  153 

begin  to  mount  guai'd  on  the  first  of  this  month.  In  the  mean 
time  the  National  Guard  cannot  be  accused  of  want  of  diligence, 
a  ridiculous  proof  of  which  occurred  the  other  day.  The  King 
was  desirous  of  seeing  a  curious  secretaire  which  has  been  made 
here  for  the  King  of  Naples  and  which  is  calculated  to  hold 
a  great  quantity  of  papers,  when  it  arrived  there  was  no 
difficulty  in  allowing  it  to  be  brought  into  the  royal  apartment, 
but,  when  it  was  to  be  carried  back,  the  guard  insisted  upon 
searching  it  accurately  least  his  Majesty  should  be  concealed 
in  it. 

The  day  before  yesterday  Mr  de  Moustier  received  a  letter 
dated  the  21st  of  January  from  his  secretary  whom  he  has  left 
at  Berlin,  and  who  resides  in  the  house  now  occupied  by  Mr  de 
Segur,  informing  him  that  Mr  de  Segur  was  found  in  his 
cabinet  weltering  in  his  blood,  having  stabbed  himself  in  three 
different  places  with  a  knife  which  he  had  obtained  for  that 
purpose.  He  adds  that  the  wounds  do  not  appear  to  be  danger- 
ous and  that  there  is  little  doubt  of  Mr  de  Segur's  speedy 
recovery.  The  cause  of  this  desperate  act  he  attributes  to 
the  unfavorable  reception  which  that  Ambassador  has  met 
with  from  the  King  and  Court  of  Prussia.  Yesterday  however 
Mr  de  Lessart  received  a  dispatch  and  Madame  de  Segur  a 
letter  from  her  husband  written  by  himself,  both  dated  the 
24th  in  which  there  is  no  mention  of  this  affair ;  in  consequence 
of  which  his  family  and  the  friends  of  this  administration 
contradict  the  former  report  most  strenuously. 

A  singular  circumstance  happened  about  a  fortnight  ago  to 
a  Prussian  courier  who  was  bringing  instructions  here  to  Mr 
de  Goltz.  Conscious  of  the  importance  of  his  packet  and 
probably  overheated  by  the  journey,  he  thought  that  every 
person  he  met  was  going  to  assassinate  him,  his  fears  at 
last  arrived  to  such  a  pitch  that  he  thought  fit  to  destroy 
his  disjDatch,  and  he  arrived  here  in  a  state  of  mind  which 
rendered  it  necessary  for  him  to  keep  his  bed  for  some  days. 
Mr  de  Goltz  was  able  to  obtain  from  him  what  was  sufficient  to 
authorize  him  to  inform  this  Court  that  his  master  was 
determined  to  protect  the  enquire  and  the  Emperor's  dominions 
in    the    Low    Countries    in    the    event  of  a  hostile  aggression 


154  FEBKUATIY,   1792. 

on  the  part  of  the  French.  Mr  de  Goltz  denies  in  public 
the  destruction  of  his  instructions  by  the  courier,  but  he 
has  confessed  it  to  me  in  confidence  and  with  leave  to  com- 
municate it  to  your  Lordship. 

The  Swedish  Ambassador  leaves  this  place  to-morrow, 
and  I  believe  Mr  de  Simolin  will  go  the  day  after.  As  for 
Mr  de  Bourgoign,  he  remains  here,  waiting  for  further  instruc- 
tions before  his  departure  for  Spain, 


Paris,  February  10th,  1792. 

I  have  received  His  Majesty's  additional  instructions  on 
the  subject  of  foreign  secret-service  money,  to  which  I  shall 
punctually  conform  myself  upon  all  occasions  which  may  arise 
during  my  employment  abroad. 

I  have  communicated  to  Mr  de  Lessart,  according  to  your 
Lordshij)'s  instructions.  His  Majesty's  determination  strictly  to 
inforce  that  part  of  the  Navigation  Act  which  will  prevent  the 
considerable  inconveniences  that  have  arisen  from  the  impor- 
tation of  tobacco  in  foreign  vessels  into  the  ports  of  His 
Majesty's  dominions,  and  I  have  also  again  urged  that  minister 
to  take  proper  and  active  measures  to  bring  to  a  conclusion  the 
business  concerning  the  Tobago  creditors  which  is  now  before 
the  National  Assembly. 

The  Jacobins  are  acquiring  popularity  in  a  degree  and 
manner  that  are  truly  alarming.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
Faubourg  St  Antoine  have  already  made  for  themselves  about 
thirty  thousand  pikes ;  the  manufacture  of  which  continues, 
and  seems  to  be  encouraged  by  the  Municipality,  although  they 
are  more  calculated  for  pillage  than  for  the  protection  of  the 
property  of  citizens.  The  royal  family  become  every  day  more 
unpopular.  In  order  to  render  it  practicable  for  the  King's 
guard  to  do  duty  at  the  Thuilleries,  that  part  of  it  which  is 
ready  for  service  is  to  take  the  constitutional  oath  at  the 
Hotel  de  Yille  before  the  municipal  officers. 

The  unpleasant  dispute  about  etiquette  between  the  King 
and  the  Assembly,  which  has  terminated  in  the  former  submit- 
ting to  the  latter,  at  least  for  the  present,  had  nearly  occasioned 


MANUFACTURE   OF   PIKES.  155 

the  destruction  of  the  present  ministry :  in  the  council  which 
was  held  upon  that  subject  Mr  Cahier  do  Gerville,  Avhosc 
political  sentiments  are  apt  to  coincide  with  those  of  the 
Jacobins,  differed  from  his  brother  Ministers  and  threatened 
to  resign  if  the  point  of  the  folding  doors  was  not  given  up ; 
the  others,  on  their  side,  threatened  the  same,  but  the  mezzo 
termine  for  the  present  I  believe,  has  preserved  the  ministry 
entire,  but,  to  judge  from  every  appearance,  it's  final  dissolution 
is  not  far  distant. 

The  Assembly  has  determined  that  the  estates  of  all  the 
French  absentees  who  can  assign  no  satisfactory  reason  for  their 
absence  shall  be  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  nation  in  order  to 
indemnify  it  for  the  expence  which  they  have  occasioned,  but  it 
is  much  doubted  that  the  King  will  give  his  sanction  to  this 
decree. 

Upon  the  whole,  the  rapid  increase  of  anarchy,  not  only  in 
the  metropolis  but  in  every  Municipality  of  this  disjointed 
kingdom,  renders  a  war  of  some  sort  necessary,  and  if  a  bank- 
ruptcy should  insue  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  France  will  not 
remain  entire. 


Paris,  February  11th,  1792. 

The  Municipality,  instigated  by  a  letter  from  the  King 
to  that  purpose,  has  at  length  felt  itself  called  upon  to  endeavour 
to  prevent  the  ill  consequences  that  might  arise  from  the  use, 
or  rather  the  abuse,  of  that  enormous  quantity  of  pikes  that 
they  were  making  in  the  Faubourg  St  Antoine  and  its  environs : 
they  have  accordingly  issued  an  arrete,  to  that  effect.  Some  of 
these  instruments  however  made  their  appearance  last  Wednes- 
day evening  in  the  Faubourg  St  Marceau,  in  a  riot  which  was 
occasioned  by  the  emptying  a  magazine  of  sugar  in  order  to 
convey  it  to  the  retail  dealers,  to  whom  it  had  been  sold ;  this 
riot  had  so  alarming  an  appearance  that  the  Assembly  held  an 
extraordinary  sitting ;  but  it  was  quelled  by  the  arrival  of  the 
mayor  and  twelve  hundred  National  Guard  with  artillery. 

The  inhabitants  of  Noyon  and  the  neighbouring  villages  arc 
in  arms,  in  order  to  prevent  some  boats  laden  with  corn  from 


156  FEBRUARY,    1792. 

descending  the  Oise.  Mr  Gouy  d'Arcy,  finding  that  the  troops 
which  he  commanded  were  not  sufficient  to  enforce  the  law, 
returned  to  Paris  in  order  to  procure  additional  force  from  the 
Minister  of  the  War  Department.  This  he  has  obtained,  but  the 
National  Assembly  has  also  thought  proper  to  send  four  of  its 
members  as  commissioners  to  persuade  them  to  submit  peaceably 
to  the  law. 

The  decree  which  places  the  estates  of  the  emigrants  in  the 
hands  of  the  nation  has  received  the  royal  sanction.  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty  has  written  a  letter  to  the  Municipality  of 
which  I  send  your  Lordship  a  copy  inclosed.  His  guard  has  not 
yet  taken  the  oath  before  the  Municipality  as  prescribed  to 
them  by  a  decree  of  the  Assembly,  owing  to  an  unwillingness  in 
the  officers,  if  not  in  the  private  men,  to  bind  themselves  in  that 
manner. 

The  Comite  de  Surveillance  has  received  such  strong  proofs 
of  the  aristocratical  sentiments,  for  so  they  term  it,  of  the 
Regiment  Dauphin  cavalry  at  Gray  and  the  Regiment  de  Navarre 
at  Besanqon,  that  it  has  submitted  a  project  of  a  decree  to 
confine  their  service  to  the  interior  of  the  kingdom.  The 
officers  of  these  regiments  may  esteem  themselves  happy  to 
have  escaped  the  fate  of  the  brother- officers  at  Perpignan  who 
have  been  carried  in  handcuffs  from  that  garrison  to  Orleans  to 
the  Haut-Cour  Nationale. 

The  Minister  of  the  War  Department  has  the  mortification 
to  find  all  his  plans  counteracted  by  the  want  of  regard  which 
the  Assembly  shews  to  his  proposals  and  requests,  and  the 
Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  finds  his  schemes  prevented  by  the 
unconstitutional  interference  of  Municipalities  who  receive  the 
applause  of  the  Assembly.  One  of  his  spies  a  Mr  Belport,  who 
was  carrying  letters  from  Mr  de  Lessart  into  Germany  has  not 
only  been  stopt  but  many  of  his  papers  have  been  read  by  the 
Municipality  of  Stenay  who  have  been  applauded  for  this  act  of 
patriotism. 

The  deficit  for  the  last  month  with  the  depenses  2)articulih'es 
amount  to  about  forty  two  millions. 


PAY   OF   TllOOPS.  157 


Paris,  Fehmanj  2ith,  1792. 


It  has  long  been  the  wish  and  object  of  the  ministers  of 
this  country  to  introduce  the  mode  of  debating  in  general  com- 
mittees, in  order  to  prevent  the  bad  consequences  which  result 
from  the  sort  of  influence  which  crouded  galleries  have  often 
exercised  over  the  members  of  the  Assembly.  In  order  to  obtain 
this  end,  as  it  were  by  stealth,  for  their  friends  could  not  venture 
to  propose  it  openly,  Mr  de  Moysset,  formerly  a  member  of  the 
Jacobines,  informed  the  Assembly  that  three  hundred  of  it's 
members,  who  do  not  attend  the  committees,  had  formed  a  plan 
to  unite  in  order  to  confer  upon  public  affairs,  and  moved  that 
on  those  days  on  which  there  were  no  evening  sittings  the  hall 
of  the  Assembly  should  be  open  for  all  those  deputies  who  might 
chuse  to  assemble  in  it :  this  motion  was  lost  by  a  majority  of 
371  to  263. 

The  military  committee  having  stated  to  the  Assembly  the 
propriety  and  advantages  of  the  several  proposals  submitted  to 
them  some  time  ago  by  the  Minister  of  the  War  Department, 
the  following  regulations  are  agreed  to.  1st.  In  order  to  prepare 
the  array  for  the  campaign,  it  is  enacted,  that  as  soon  as  orders 
shall  be  given  for  that  purpose,  the  following  sums  shall  be 
advanced  to  the  volunteer  National  Guard,  and  infantry.  To 
lieutenants  and  sous  lieutenants  £300  tournois,  to  captains  £400, 
to  lieutenant-colonel  £500  and  to  colonels  £800.  (Cavalry  and 
artillery.)  To  lieutenants  and  sous  lieutenants  £400,  to  captains 
£500,  lieutenant-colonels  £700  and  colonels  £900.  To  generals 
£0000  and  to  lieutenant-generals  and  marechaux  de  camp 
£3000.  21y,  During  the  campaign  the  lieutenants  and  sous- 
lieutenants  are  to  receive  an  addition  of  |-  to  their  present 
pay,  captains  and  lieutenant-colonels  i  and  all  officers  above 
that  rank  \.  Only  every  inferior  officer  and  soldier  is  to  be 
allowed,  as  soon  as  the  campaign  opens,  28  ounces  of  bread  p"" 
diem,  for  which  32  deniers  are  to  be  retained  upon  his  pay  and 
■^Ib.  of  meat  for  18  deniers  more. 

The  Assembly  has  likewise  heard  the  report  of  the  committee 
upon  the  proposal  for  raising  six  legions  and  the  forming  a  train 
of  artillery  to  act  with  cavalry  alone  ;  but  the  decree  proposed  is 


158  FEBRUARY,   1792. 

not  yet  adopted.  The  Marechal  de  Liickner  and  Mr  de  la  Fayette 
are  "expected  to  day  at  Paris  in  order  to  confer  with  the  Mardchal 
de  Rochambeau,  (who  has  been  here  for  some  time  on  account  of 
his  health,)  and  the  ministers  upon  the  plan  for  the  approaching 
campaign. 

The  four  commissioners  who  were  sent  by  the  Assembly  to 
Noyon,  finding  that  their  presence  could  have  no  good  effect  are 
returned,  and  two  battalions  of  the  National  Guard  soldee  have 
been  sent  there  from  hence :  it  is  said  that  some  of  the  private 
soldiers  of  these  battalions  are  returned  to  their  families.  Mr 
de  Wittenhoff,  who  commands  them  has  declared  his  intention 
of  attacking  the  rioters  in  two  days  in  case  they  should  persist 
till  that  time. 

The  last  accounts  from  St  Domingo  give  a  most  deplorable 
description  of  the  state  of  that  colony,  and  it  is  feared  that  it 
will  not  receive  sufficient  relief  from  this  country,  as  many  of 
the  vessels  which  were  sent  out  with  provisions  and  some  of 
those  which  had  troops  on  board  have,  by  stress  of  weather,  been 
obliged  to  return  to  different  ports  of  France. 

Mr  Barth(^lemy's  cool  reception  at  Soleure  does  not  give 
him  reason  to  hope  that  his  negotiations  with  the  Swiss  cantons 
will  have  a  speedy  and  successful  termination. 


Paris,  March  2nd,  1792. 

I  inclose  a  copy  of  Mr  de  Lessart's  answer  to  my  letter 
of  the  ninth  of  last  month:  your  Lordship  is  the  best  judge  of 
the  meaning  of  the  latter  part  of  it.  I  took  occasion  yesterday 
in  the  course  of  conversation,  to  assure  that  minister  that  I  was 
convinced  it  was  the  determination  of  His  Majesty's  Ministers 
to  maintain  inviolate  the  treaty  of  commerce  between  the  two 
nations :  I  again  mentioned  the  Tobago  business,  but,  being 
told  by  him  that  the  Bishop  of  Autun  was  to  arrange  that  affair, 
I  dropt  the  subject. 

I  shall  endeavour  to  send,  by  this  day's  messenger,  the  copies, 
which  are  ordered  to  be  printed,  of  the  dispatches  which  Mr  de 
Lessart  laid  yesterday  before  the  Assembly  and  which  were 
read  by  one  of  the  secretaries :  but  as  it  is  probable  that  they 


GENERAL   ANAKCHY.  159 

will  not  be  printed  in  time  I  bog  leave  to  refer  your  Lordship  to 
this  day's  Logographe  in  which  they  are  copied  with  tolerable 
accuracy.  The  publication  of  these  papers  has  not  had  the 
effect  of  lessening  the  general  opinion  of  the  difficulty  of  avoiding 
a  war,  for  it  remains  to  be  seen  whether  the  Emperor  s  naming 
the  Jacobins  and  marking  them  out  as  the  cause  of  his  continu- 
ing to  arm  will  tend  to  diminish  their  numbers. 

The  interior  state  of  the  kingdom  becomes  daily  more  dis- 
tracted :  the  inhabitants  of  the  neighbourhood  of  Noyon  have 
been  forced  to  a  temporary  submission  by  the  quantity  of  troops 
sent  for  that  purpose,  and  the  troubles  at  Dunkirk  and  other 
places  are  appeased  for  the  present,  but  it  is  in  the  south  of 
France  that  the  danger  of  a  combustion  is  the  greatest. 


Paris,  March  9th,  1792. 

The  general  anarchy,  which  has  been  for  some  time 
increasing  in  this  country,  seems  at  present  to  be  nearly  arrived 
at  its  greatest  height.  From  the  northern  departments 
accounts  are  daily  received  of  riots  and  disturbances,  the 
pretence  for  which  is  the  monopoly  of  corn,  the  price  of  it 
however  is,  in  that  part  of  the  kingdom,  far  from  dear ;  the  real 
cause  is  a  total  dissolution  of  government.  In  the  markets, 
even  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  metropolis,  the  farmers  are 
obliged  to  sell  their  corn  at  a  price  fixed  by  armed  peasants  in 
large  bodies.  In  the  Department  of  the  Eure  there  is  a  body 
of  them  consisting  of  not  less  than  six  thousand.  At  Estampes 
the  mayor  has  been  massacred.  In  order  to  quell  the  disturb- 
ances in  that  town  six  hundred  National  Guard  with  cannon 
have  been  sent  from  hence,  and  another  party  of  two  hundred 
have  been  also  sent  with  cannon  into  the  neighbourhood  of 
Versailles.  But  the  proceedings  in  the  south  are  still  more 
violent  and  alarming :  it  is  a  singular  event  that  a  mixt  body 
of  two  thousand  people  should  arrive  from  Marseilles  at  the 
gates  of  Aix  so  unexpectedly  that  the  inhabitants  should  not 
be  able  to  make  any  defence  against  them.  The  fact  is  that 
the  National  Guard  of  that  town  was  unwilling  to  oppose  them, 
and    the    commanding   officer   having,    through    pusillanimity, 


160  MARCH,  1792. 

ordered  the  soldiers  of  the  Swiss  Regiment  d'Ernest  to  sur- 
render their  arms  to  the  brigands,  that  regiment  has  given  a 
painful  proof  of  it's  good  discipline.  The  effect  that  this  will 
have  upon  Mr  Barthelemy's  negotiation  is  easy  to  be  imagined. 
Mr  de  Ste  Croix  is  returned  from  Coblence :  from  what  I 
could  learn  from  himself,  many  of  the  emigrants  remain  there 
but  they  have  laid  aside  every  martial  appearance.  The  indig- 
nities that  he  suffered  and  the  menaces  that  he  received  from 
them  during  the  whole  time  of  his  residence  there,  were  such 
that  he  never  could  venture  to  admit  any  person  into  his 
presence,  unless  he  had  loaded  pistols  lying  on  his  table  and  in 
other  parts  of  the  room :  to  the  very  circumspect  manner  alone 
in  which  he  left  that  town  he  attributes  his  safe  return  to  Paris. 
In  the  evening  on  which  he  privately  quitted  Coblence  he  left 
a  dispatch  with  orders  to  have  it  sent  in  the  usual  manner  the 
next  morning,  and  his  servants  were  told  not  to  leave  the  town 
till  twenty  four  hours  after  his  departure.  Near  the  frontier,  he 
says,  they  were  stopt  by  a  party  of  horse-men  who  enquired  for 
Mr  de  Ste  Croix,  but,  being  assured  by  them,  that  they  were 
only  his  servants  and  that  he  himself  was  by  that  time  arrived 
in  France,  they  suffered  them  to  continue  their  journey. 

Mr  de  Maille,  who  is  appointed  to  succeed  Mr  de  Blanche- 
land,  will  set  out  for  his  Government  as  soon  as  the  ships  which 
were  driven  back  by  stress  of  weather  are  refitted.  I  shall  soon 
have  to  inform  your  Lordship  of  the  appointment  of  a  new 
Minister  for  the  Department  of  the  Marine  and  Colonies,  for,  in 
addition  to  the  ill-will  which  many  of  the  leading  members  of 
the  Assembly  have  exprest  to  his  continuance  in  office,  it 
appears  that  his  political  sentiments  are  obnoxious  to  Mr  de 
Narbonne.  For  some  genuine  letters  upon  that  subject  I  refer 
your  Lordshij)  to  this  day's  Gazette  Universelle,  which  paper  I 
send  your  Lordship  regularly  as  it  is  in  fact  the  Ministerial 
Gazette. 

The  deficit  for  the  last  month  is  twenty  millions,  the 
depenes  particidieres  eighteen  millions,  and  nineteen  millions 
for  the  expences  to  be  paid  by  the  departments.  I  send 
inclosed  to  your  Lordship  a  copy  of  Mr  de  Lessart's  letter  to  me, 
inclosing  another  from  Mr  de  Flaming  to  the  Minister  of  the 


RESIGNATION   OF   NARBONNE.  IGl 

Marino  concerning  Mr  Trist's  business  by  which  your  Lordship 
will  see  the  result  of  that  affair. 


Paris,  March  lOtli,  1792. 

I  think  it  my  duty  to  dispatch  Staley  with  the  interest- 
ing intelligence  which  reached  Paris  to-day  of  the  sudden  death 
of  the  Emperor,  who  was  taken  ill  on  the  25th  of  last  month 
with  a  violent  vomiting  of  blood  and  expired  in  thirty-six 
hours. 

I  also  take  the  opportunity  of  sending  your  Lordship  inclosed 
a  letter  from  Lord  St  Helens  which  was  brought  here  by  Mr 
de  Bourgoing's  first  dispatches  to  Mr  de  Lessart. 

That  Minister  has  been  impeached  to-day  in  the  Assembly : 
thirteen  articles  of  accusation  have  been  brought  against  him 
and  the  executive  power  has  had  orders  to  secure  his  person 
and  his  private  papers. 

Although  I  thought  it  very  probable  that  Mr  de  Narbonne 
would  not  continue  long  in  office,  I  own  I  did  not  expect  that, 
when  I  was  informing  your  Lordship  that  Mr  de  Bertrand  would 
not  remain  long  in  the  ministry  on  account  of  political  disagree- 
ments between  him  and  Mr  de  Narbonne,  the  latter  had 
received  His  Most  Christian  Majesty's  orders  to  resign  his 
portefeuille.  This  however  was  the  case,  and  for  a  proof  of  the 
king's  desire  that  Mr  Bertrand,  who  has  resigned,  should  remain 
in  office,  I  am  obliged  to  refer  your  Lordship  to  His  Majesty's 
letter  to  the  Assembly  upon  that  subject  as  it  is  copied  in  a 
printed  paper  for  want  of  a  more  authentic  copy  at  present. 

The  harsh  treatment  which  Mr  de  Lessart  has  received  this 
morning  seems  to  have  afifected  Mr  de  Narbonne  and  the  more 
so  as  it  is  generally  known  that,  although  they  came  into  the 
ministry  under  the  same  auspices,  they  have  since  shewn 
considerable  shades  of  ditTerencc  in  their  politics.  It  was  Mr 
do  Narbonne's  intention  to  join  his  regiment  immediately  at 
Mctz,  but  a  decree  of  the  Assembly,  which  confines  ministers  to 
Paris  till  they  have  settled  their  accounts,  renders  that  measure 
impracticable.  The  Jacobins  are  paying  their  court  to  him  en 
attendant.  Mr  Cahier's  resignation  is  expected  to  follow  and 
G.  c.  11 


162  MARCH,  1792. 

probably  that  of  the  Minister  of  Justice.  Mr  de  Talleyrand 
arrived  here  this  moruing  and  expressed  himself  extremely 
satisfied  with  his  reception  in  England. 

The  appearance  of  the  National  Guards  has  dispersed  the 
rioters  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Paris. 


Paris,  March  IQth,  1792. 

In  consequence  of  your  Lordship's  instructions  No.  6.  I 
shall  take  the  first  opportunity  of  representing  the  case  of  the 
Tobago  creditors  to  the  new  Minister  for  foreign  affairs,  Mr  du 
Mouriez,  a  Marechal  de  Camp  formerly  Commandant  at  Cher- 
bourg and  employed  in  the  diplomatic  line  in  the  administration 
of  the  Duke  of  Choiseul.  Mr  Dietrich  mayor  of  Strasbourg,  it 
is  said,  will  have  the  Home  Department.  These  two  gentlemen 
have  both  been  members  of  the  Society  of  the  Jacobins.  It  is 
also  said  that  Mr  Claviere,  who  is  still  a  member  of  that  Society 
and  the  intimate  friend  of  Mr  de  Condorcet  and  Mr  Brissot,  is  to 
be  appointed  Ministre  des  Contributions,  he  is  a  countryman  of 
Mr  Necker,  his  rival  in  abilities  and  knowledge  of  finance.  Mr 
de  Grave,  the  minister  of  the  War  Department  is  a  gentleman 
esteemed  in  private  life,  he  has  some  reputation  in  the  literary 
world  and  was  employed  in  the  education  of  the  children  of  the 
Duke  of  Orleans.  The  Minister  of  the  Marine,  Mr  la  Coste 
was  formerly  Chef  du  Bureau,  of  the  department  of  which  he  is 
at  present  minister.  The  fate  of  the  Minister  of  Justice  is  not 
yet  determined.  Mr  de  Lessart  is  arrived  in  safety  at  Orleans, 
but  it  will  be  a  considerable  time  before  his  trial  can  commence. 
His  public  papers  are  submitted  to  the  inspection  of  the  Comit^ 
diplomatique.  The  banditti  who  have  infested  the  markets  in 
Normandy  and  in  the  environs  of  the  metropolis  are  dispersed 
and  it  is  hoped  that  the  vigorous  measures  which  have  been 
adopted  will  prevent  any  effusion  of  blood  in  the  South  of 
France ;  the  situation  however  of  Aries,  Avignon  and  the 
Department  de  la  Lozere  affords  sufficient  reason  not  to  be  over 
sanguine.  Some  forgers  of  assignats  have  been  discovered  at 
Passy  near  Paris ;  forged  assignats,  to  the  amount  of  five  millions 
of  livres  were  already  completed  and  so  like  the  true  assignats 


DUMOURIEZ.  IG'A 

tliat  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  them :  the  expence  of  this 
fabrication  is  calculated  at  not  less  than  four  hundred  thousand 
livres.  They  imagine  that  the  presses  and  plates  were  made  in 
England.  The  Maison  Militaire  du  Roy  mounted  guard  at  the 
Thuilleries  for  the  first  time,  this  morning,  having  previously- 
taken  the  oath  prescribed  to  them,  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville, 

The  generals  are  returned  to  the  frontiers :  the  Mardchal  de 
Luckner  speaks  everywhere  in  terms  the  most  unfavourable  of 
the  Mardchal  de  Rochambeau. 


Paris,  March  2Srd,  1792. 

I  was  in  an  error  last  week  when  I  informed  your 
Lordship  that  the  generals  were  gone  to  the  frontiers  :  at  that 
time  Mr  de  Luckner  alone  had  left  Paris:  it  Avas  Mr  de  la 
Fayette's  intention  to  go  at  the  same  time,  but  his  departure 
has  been  delayed  from  day  to  day.  I  accidentally  happen  to 
know  that  he  past  the  whole  of  last  Tuesday  with  Mr  du 
Mouriez  at  the  bureau  des  affaires  etrangeres,  at  least  from  nine 
in  the  morning  till  three  in  the  afternoon ;  for,  as  that  was  the 
day  appointed  for  the  foreign  ministers  to  transact  business 
with  the  minister,  there  was  no  hour  in  that  space  of  time  in 
which  some  one  of  our  body  was  not  at  the  office,  and  upon  com- 
paring accounts  we  discovered  that  Mr  de  la  Fayette  was  present 
at  every  interview.  The  preceding  evening  Mr  du  Mouriez 
attended  the  meeting  of  the  Jacobins  and  delivered  a  patriotic 
speech  which  was  much  applauded  by  the  whole  club  and 
worked  so  strongly  upon  Mr  Roberspierre's  feelings  that  he 
could  not  resist  embracing  the  minister.  The  Jacobins  that 
evening,  but  not  till  after  Mr  du  Mouriez  had  worn  one,  put  a 
stop  to  the  newly-adopted  folly  of  wearing  red  caps,  which  had 
already  been  attended  with  some  disagreeable  circumstances  to 
individuals ;  a  letter  from  Mr  Pdthion  corresponding  with  the 
sentiments  of  Mr  Roberspierre  upon  that  subject,  the  Society 
agreed  that  the  national  cockade  was  a  sufficient  token  of  the 
love  of  liberty. 

Mr  de  Narbonne  keeps  aloof  from  this  Society,  which  may 
now  undoubtedly  be  called  the  Ministerial  Club,  for  Mr  Clavi^re 

11—2 


164  MARCH,  1792. 

is  appointed  Ministre  des  Contributions  Mr  Rolland  de  la 
Platriere,  a  Jacobin  of  Bordeaux,  Minister  for  the  Home 
Department,  and  Mr  Garnier  Minister  of  Justice. 

The  minds  of  those  who  feel  for  the  blood  of  their  fellow 
creatures  are  shocked  at  the  horrid  policy  of  the  Assembly  in 
passing  an  Act  of  Amnesty,  in  order  to  preserve  the  valuable 
lives  of  Jourdan  and  the  other  malefactors  of  Avignon.  Mr 
Thuriot's  speech  upon  that  occasion  deserves  your  Lordship's 
attention  :  one  of  his  arguments  in  favour  of  the  amnesty  is 
that  it  will  tend  to  encourage  the  revolt  of  the  Braban^ons. 
The  soldiers  of  Chateauvieux,  who  are  coming  from  Brest  are  to 
be  received  here  with  patriotic  honours  and  a  fete,  in  order  I 
suppose  to  encourage  insubordination.  The  exchange  has  risen 
in  favour  of  this  country  and  the  price  of  specie  decreased  very 
rapidly  of  late,  but  indeed  every  thing  here  proceeds  by  fits 
and  starts. 


Paris,  March  30th,  1792. 

I  inclose  copies  of  two  official  papers  which  were  yester- 
day communicated  to  the  National  Assembly  by  Mr  Dumouriez 
and  which  have  given  a  sufficient  proof  that  the  politics  of  the 
Court  of  Vienna  with  regard  to  the  affairs  of  France  are  not  in 
the  least  altered  by  the  Emperor's  death,  but  that  on  the 
contrary  the  same  measures  will  be  adopted,  perhaps  with  more 
energy,  considering  the  youth  and  enterprizing  spirit  of  the 
King  of  Hungary  and  considering  at  the  same  time  the  change 
that  has  taken  place  in  the  French  administration.  For  if  this 
ministry  should  continue,  and  there  is  every  reason  to  suppose 
it  will,  as  it  is  supported  by  the  majority,  comprehending  the 
most  active  and  ardent  of  the  people,  war  will  be  inevitable, 
however  ill-prepared  this  country  may  be  for  it  It  is  true  that 
they  are  not  in  want  of  men,  for  the  number  of  recruits  that  have 
offered  themselves  are  so  far  superior  in  number  to  the  fifty-one 
thousand  that  were  wanted,  that  they  are  distrest  to  know  what 
to  do  with  them,  but  real  soldiers  will  undoubtedly  be  scarce, 
for,  from  the  absurdity  of  their  conduct,  it  is  possible  that  none 
of  the  Swiss  regiments,  by  far  the  best  they  have,  will  remain  in 


PROBABILITY    OF   WAR.  105 

their  service.  That  of  Ernest  has  been  recalled  by  the  republic 
of  Berne. 

I  inclose  to  your  Lordship  French  copies  translated  from  the 
German  of  two  official  papers  upon  that  subject  which  I  have 
procured  from  the  Minister  of  Geneva  to  this  court.  The 
administrators  of  the  department  of  Paris  are  endeavouring  to 
prevent  the  intended  fete  for  the  forty  soldiers  of  Chateauvieux, 
in  honour  of  their  having  disobeyed  orders,  but  the  Municipality 
is  desirous  that  it  should  take  place  and  it  will  probably  prevail. 
They  are  expected  to-morrow  at  Versailles.  They  seem  to  be 
playing  the  game  for  the  Spanish  negotiator  who  is  arrived  in 
Switzerland.  But  to  return  to  the  probability  of  war.  Mr 
Dumouriez,  before  the  dispatches  were  read,  thought  proper  to 
animadvert  upon  that  part  of  the  Prince  of  Kaunitz's  answer  in 
which  he  appeals  to  la  imrtie  same  et  jyrincijjale  de  la  Nation, 
by  which,  he  said,  that  minister  understood  the  aristocracy,  a 
remark  not  of  the  most  conciliatory  nature :  he  concluded  by 
desiring  the  assembly  to  restrain  its  indignation  till  he  should 
receive  the  definitive  and  categorical  answer  which  he  had 
demanded  from  the  court  of  Vienna  and  which  he  expected 
would  arrive  in  a  few  days,  (it  will  be  at  least  a  week  before 
they  will  probably  arrive).  Now  it  is  well  known  that  his 
dispatches  to  that  court  as  well  as  to  those  of  Berlin  and 
Madrid  are  written  in  a  style  more  calculated  to  infiame  than 
to  persuade. 

As  for  the  court  of  Spain  your  Lordship  may  perceive  by  the 
report  of  the  diplomatic  committee,  which  is  printed  in  last 
Wednesday's  Logographe,  and  in  which  the  politics  of  England 
with  respect  to  that  country  are  invidiously  glanced  at,  that 
conciliatory  measures  are  not  even  thought  of.  With  regard  to 
the  interior  state  of  the  kingdom,  disturbances,  for  which  corn 
is  always  the  pretence,  break  out  in  some  one  part  of  the 
northern  departments  of  the  kingdom  as  fast  as  they  are  quelled 
in  other  parts ;  in  the  south  they  are  in  a  state  the  nearest 
possible  to  that  of  civil  war :  luckily  for  the  town  of  Aries,  a 
battalion  of  the  regiment  of  Languedoc  and  three  hundred 
dragoons  of  that  of  Lorraine,  which  were  sent  there  in  order  to 
preserve  tranquillity  and  to  inforcc  the  decree  (^f  (he  Assembly. 


166  MARCH,  1792. 

arrived  there  before  the  National  Guards,  which  were  also  sent 
there  for  the  same  purpose  :  for  the  inhabitants  would  certainly 
have  opposed  by  force  the  entrance  of  the  latter  into  their  town, 
but  they  have  received  into  their  walls  the  regvilar  troops  even 
with  demonstrations  of  joy.  At  Mendes  it  will  be  well  if  the 
Decret  d'accusation  of  the  Assembly  against  the  Bishop,  the 
mayor,  and  six  officers  of  the  National  Guard  of  that  town  be 
inforced  with  equal  tranquillity.  In  the  department  of  Cantal 
many  Chateaux  have  been  burnt  and  the  Lieutenant  Criminel 
of  Aurillac  massacred. 

The  decree  which  the  Assembly  has  lately  passed  against 
the  emigrants  and  which  authorizes  the  municipalities  to 
manage  their  estates  and  even  subjects  those  who  have  returned 
since  the  ninth  of  February  to  pay  the  triple  contribution  and 
not  to  be  entrusted  with  any  public  employment  for  the  space 
of  two  years,  and  also  subjects  those  who  do  not  return  in  the 
course  of  a  month  not  to  enjoy  the  rights  of  a  Citoyen  actif,  or 
the  power  of  holding  a  place  under  government  for  ten  years, 
has  occasioned  the  return  of  some  of  those  who  have  a  large 
property  at  stake. 

The  new  Minister  of  Justice  is  not  yet  named,  but  it  is 
supposed  it  will  be  a  Mr  Duranteau  of  Bordeaux.  Mr  Rolland 
is  not  of  that  town  but  of  Lyons.  These  two  gentlemen  are 
both  lawyers.  Some  mode  must  be  soon  adopted  for  replenish- 
ing the  Caisse  de  Vextrxiordinaire  as  it  is  calculated  that  it  will 
otherwise  be  empty  by  the  beginning  of  April.  In  order  to 
keep  up  the  exchange,  the  Assembly  has  prohibited  any  further 
emission  of  Billets  de  Confiance  in  exchange  for  assignats  and 
has  authorized  the  Municipalities  of  the  several  places  where 
banks  for  that  purpose  have  been  established  to  examine  their 
accounts  and  to  oblige  them  to  keep  by  them  a  sum  equal  to  their 
emission  either  in  assignats  or  in  specie.  The  Assembly  has 
also  annulled  the  decree  of  the  24th  of  September  respecting 
the  West  India  Colonies  and  it  has  decreed  that  all  Gens  de 
Coideur  and  free  negroes  shall  enjoy  the  political  rights  of  free 
citizens  and  they  have  accordingly  authorized  the  executive 
power  to  send  commissioners  to  those  colonies  with  orders  to 
dissolve  the  present  Colonial  Assemblies  and  to  convoke  new 
primary  Assemblies. 


CHAUVELIN    SENT   TO    ENGLAND.  1G7 

I  understand  it  is  in  contemplation  to  send  immediately  to 
England  with  the  character  of  Minister  Plenipotentiary  Mr  de 
Chauvelin,  one  of  the  Maitres  de  la  Garde  Rohe  dii  Roy,  a  young 
man  of  anti-aristocratical  principles  and  a  friend  of  Mr  de 
Narbonne  and  Mr  de  P(^rigord.  The  latter  is  to  accompany  him, 
in  order  that  his  abilities  for  negotiating  may  be  employed 
without  infringing  the  self  denying  decree  of  the  late  Assembly. 

I  inclose  a  copy  of  Mr  Dumouriez's  answer  to  my  note  about 
the  Tobaofo  creditors. 


Paris,  April  2n(l,  1792. 

Mr  de  Chauvelin  informed  me  last  night  that  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty  has  appointed  him  his  Minister  Plenipo- 
tentiary to  the  Court  of  Londcm.  Some  articles  of  accusation 
having  been  exhibited  against  Mr  de  Narbonne  with  regard  to  the 
state  of  the  Spanish  frontiers  he  is  to  be  heard  this  day  at  the 
bar  of  the  Assembly. 

The  report  of  the  articles  of  accusation  against  the  late 
Minister  of  Justice  is  to  be  made  on  Wednesday. 

One  of  the  first  Banking-Houses  that  of  Monneron  has 
broke  for  a  considerable  sum,  this  event  so  much  affected  one 
of  the  Messieurs  that  he  has  destroyed  himself.  The  other  brother 
has  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Assembly.  ]\lr  Claviere  being  his 
suppleant  has  had  his  choice  of  being  a  Minister  or  a  Legislator 
and  has  chosen  to  continue  in  his  present  situation. 

The  Assembly  has  decreed  that  a  copy  of  the  treaty  between 
the  French  King's  brothers  and  the  Prince  of  Hohenlohe  shall 
be  sent  to  the  High  National  Court  and  it  has  ordered  the 
Grand  Procurators  to  give  an  account  of  their  procedure  against 
the  Princes  whom  they  have  impeached. 

It  is  believed  that  the  Volunteers  of  Marseilles  are  in 
possession  of  Avignon. 


Takis,  April  Cth,  1702. 


The    National    Assembly  has   pronounced    that    Mv   dv 
Narbonne  is  perfectly  innocent  of  the  crimes  and  mit>dcmcanours 


168  APRIL,  1792. 

laid  to  his  charge  by  the  Prince  Charles  of  Hesse  and  his  Aide 
de  Camp,  Mr  du  Bois  de  Cranc(^.  The  public  was  not  in  the 
least  surprised  at  this,  as  the  accusations  were  undoubtedly 
frivolous  and  ill-founded,  but  it  was  rather  remarkable  that  the 
Abbd  Fauchet,  who  till  that  time  had  always  acted  the  part  of 
a  deiionciateur,  should  appear  so  conspicuously  eager  in  his 
defence :  this  however  is  to  be  accounted  for  when  one  considers 
the  court  which  the  Jacobin  party  has  invariably  paid  to  him 
since  his  disgrace  and  the  sort  of  connection  which  he  holds 
with  them.  Mr  de  Talleyrand  and  Mr  de  Chauvelin  are  his 
intimate  friends  and,  though  neither  of  them  is  decidedly  a 
Jacobin,  yet  they  have  submitted  to  act  with  those  ministers 
who  have  individually  declared  at  their  public  meeting  their 
deference  and  respect  for  that  Society,  which  in  fact  is  the 
Council  of  this  Administration  of  which  it  is  very  probable  Mr 
de  Narbonne  himself  may  be  one  day  a  member.  Mr  du  Port 
is  in  all  respects  in  a  different  predicament  and  his  friends  are 
not  without  fear  that  he  will  be  sent  to  Orleans. 

Mr  de  Lessart  has  answered  the  interrogatory  of  his  judges 
and  is,  of  course,  no  longer  au  secret,  but  he  has  signified  to  his 
friends  that  motives  of  prudence  oblige  him  to  deny  himself  the 
satisfaction  of  being  visited  by  them. 

Your  Lordship  will  see  the  interrogatory  and  the  answers  in 
yesterday's  Logographe.  In  this  day's  Logographe  there  is  a 
report  of  the  diplomatic  and  Colonial  Committees  concerning 
Captain  Colmin  who,  contrary  to  the  orders  he  had  received, 
carried  and  left  on  shore  near  a  British  port  in  the  Bay  of 
Honduras  two  hundred  and  seventeen  black  slaves  from  the 
Island  of  St  Domingo :  in  consequence  of  which  report  the 
Assembly  has  decreed  that  the  French  King  shall  be  desired  to 
order  that  Captain  Colmin  shall  be  tried  for  this  offence  and  to 
indemnify  the  British  Government  and  at  the  same  time  to  give 
it  assurances  that  the  French  Nation  disapproves  of  the  conduct 
of  Captain  Colmin.     This  decree  was  passed  unanimously. 

The  Assembly  heard  yesterday  with  satisfaction  a  pacific 
answer  from  the  King  of  Sardinia,  but  it  seemed  also  to  hear 
with  equal  satisfaction  that  there  were  disturbances  at  Turin. 

The  answer  from  Vienna  is  now  anxiously  expected :  it  is 


FETE   OF    CHATEAUVIEUX.  1G9 

difficult  to  suppose  that  it  can  be  of  a  nature  to  prevent  a  war, 
upon  which  the  Jacobins,  with  the  exception  of  Mr  Bober- 
spierre  and  a  few  others,  seem  to  have  set  their  hearts. 

The  Fete  Civique  intended  to  be  given  to  the  soldiers  of 
Chateauvieux  will  be  a  good  criterion  of  the  strength  of  that 
party  in  the  metropolis.  If  that  should  take  place  without 
disturbance  their  preponderance  will  be  undoubted.  The 
Caisse  de  V extraordinaire  has  received  a  temporary  aid  of  fifty 
millions  :  that  sum  in  assignats  having  been  decreed  in  addition 
to  the  sixteen  hundred  millions  in  circulation.  The  miserable 
state  of  the  finances  has  occupied  the  thoughts  of  several 
Members  of  the  Assembly  who  have  stated  their  sentiments 
upon  that  subject.  I  shall  not  fail  to  send  your  Lordship  the 
plans  for  retrieving  the  finances  by  Mr  Cambon  and  j\Ir  Cail- 
haisson  as  soon  as  they  are  printed.  The  three  millions  which 
the  Assembly  was  forced  to  lend  to  the  Municipality  for  the 
assistance  of  the  Caisse  de  Secours,  by  keeping  those  notes  in 
circulation  have  prevented  the  disturbances  with  which  we 
were  threatened.  And  except  the  house  of  Monneron  no 
bankruptcy  of  consequence  has  taken  place,  owing  to  a  sub- 
scription among  the  bankers  to  assist  one  another,  but  credit 
has  received  a  severe  blow. 

Mr  du  Roveray,  who  intends,  if  his  health  will  permit  him, 
to  return  to  England  with  Mr  Talleyrand  and  Mr  de  Chauvelin, 
was  offered  a  place  in  the  present  administration,  that  I  believe 
of  Ministre  de  la  Justice,  which  he  refused. 


Pakis,  April  nth,  1792. 

Slater  arrived  here  last  Friday  night  with  your  Lordship's 
Dispatches  No.  9.  No.  10.  and  No.  11.  On  Sunday  Mr  Aubert 
du  Bazet,  an  officer  of  cavalry  who  served  in  America  during 
the  last  war  and  who  is  of  the  Cote  droit,  having  said  that  he 
was  certain  that  the  report  of  the  Resolue  being  taken  by  the 
Phoenix  was  well  founded,  for  he  knew  from  very  good  authority 
that  I  had  received  an  extraordinary  courier  to  inform  me 
of  that  event,  moved  that  the  Minister  for  foreign  affairs  should 
give   an  account   to  the   National   Assembly  of  what   measure 


170  APRIL,   1792. 

had  been  taken  by  the  Government  to  obtain  redress.  The 
Minister  assured  the  Assembly  that  he  had  no  knowledge 
of  that  affair  except  what  he  had  obtained  from  a  newspaper, 
but  he  promised  to  give  a  detail  of  that  business  as  soon  as 
he  should  receive  an  official  account  of  it.  I  am  at  a  loss  to 
know  how  Mr  du  Bazet  received  his  information,  as  I  had 
told  that  circumstance  to  nobody. 

On  Monday  the  Minister  wrote  to  me,  desiring  me  to 
communicate  to  him  freely  what  I  knew  upon  the  subject ; 
I  wrote  for  answer  that  I  expected  a  messenger  every  hour 
and  that  I  should  give  him,  as  soon  as  possible,  every  informa- 
tion in  my  power.  I  wrote  to  him  again  yesterday  morning  to 
inform  him  that,  my  messenger  being  arrived,  I  was  ready 
to  communicate  the  official  intelligence  I  had  received  either 
that  evening  or  the  next  morning  as  it  suited  him  best.  He 
fixed  upon  that  evening,  in  the  beginning  of  which  he  arrived 
at  my  house,  and  as  I  had  not  had  time  to  translate  the 
papers  which  your  Lordship  had  sent  to  me,  we  agreed  to  defer 
conversing  fully  upon  the  subject  till  the  next  morning.  I 
accordingly  went  to  him  this  morning  and  delivered  according 
to  your  Lordship's  instruction  an  offi.ce,  of  which  I  inclose 
a  copy,  and  the  two  papers  with  translations  of  them.  Having 
read  them,  he  exprest  very  freely  his  sentiments  of  the  im- 
proper behaviour  of  the  French  officer,  and  said  that  the 
conduct  of  the  English  was  completely  authorized  by  the  26th 
and  27th  Articles  of  the  Treaty  of  Commerce.  He  told  me  that 
he  would  immediately  communicate  the  papers  to  the  Assembly, 
but  that  it  could  not  be  expected  that  they  would  come  to  a 
final  decision  upon  the  subject  till  they  had  received  their  own 
official  accounts.  He  did  not  mention  to  me  the  prior  dispute 
in  the  road  of  Mahe,  but  I  am  sorry  to  have  to  inclose  to 
your  Lordship  a  letter  which  I  have  this  moment  received  from 
him  inclosing  one  from  Mr  la  Coste  to  him  with  a  letter  from 
some  merchants  of  Dunkirk  and  a  copy  of  a  declaration  of 
a  Captain  Mollegaert  and  his  crew  complaining  of  ill  treatment 
which  they  have  received  from  the  Captain  of  the  Nemesis. 

It  is  evident  that  the  Ministry  here  have  a  most  earnest 
desire    to    be    upon    the    best   possible    terms    with    England, 


INTERVIEW   WITU    DUMOURIEZ.  171 

which  is  a  sufficient  reason  for  inclining  the  Cut(^  droit  to 
be  otherwise. 

When  Mr  du  Mouriez  communicated  the  office  and  papers 
to  the  Assembly  Mr  du  Bazet  and  some  others  of  that  Party 
attempted  to  begin  a  debate,  but  finding  a  great  majority 
against  it  they  agreed  that  it  should  be  sent  to  the  Diplomatic 
Committee.  In  the  course  of  conversation  with  Mr  du  Mouriez 
he  told  me  that  if  no  answer  should  arrive  from  Vienna  before 
the  loth  of  this  month  they  should  regard  themselves  as  en 
etat  de  guerre  with  the  King  of  Hungary :  I  found  with  him 
when  I  arrived  Mr  de  Bethune-Charost,  upon  his  leaving 
the  room  Mr  du  Mouriez  remarked  with  a  smile  that  a 
Minister  was  obliged  to  admit  even  vn  fou  into  his  house. 
I  asked  him  what  he  thought  of  Mr  de  Luckner's  letter  which 
your  Lordship  will  sec  in  this  day's  Logographe,  he  said,  'twas 
not  the  Marechal's  writing,  but  that  it  was  wi  tour  de  Vennemi 
who  had  persuaded  him  to  put  his  name  to  it.  He  added  that 
it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  have  a  considerable  force  in  the 
south ;  that  JVIr  de  Muy  being  unfit  to  command  there  that  they 
had  sent  Mr  de  Witgenstein  but  finding  that  he  was  too  fond 
of  German  tactics  for  soldiers  in  their  present  state  of 
discipline  the  King  had  appointed  Mr  de  Montesquiou  to  that 
command,  who  is  known  to  your  Lordship  as  a  writer  on  the 
finances  of  this  country.  It  appears  that  Aries  and  Avignon 
are  both  in  the  hands  of  the  Patriots,  for  so  they  call  them, 
whose  numbers  increase  most  rapidly.  I  inclose  a  copy  of 
a  letter  from  Mr  du  Mouriez  concerning  the  Tobago  creditors, 
and  another  informing  me  that  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  has 
given  orders  to  the  Departments  of  the  Seine  inferieuro  the 
Loire  inferieure  and  Morbihan  to  allow  the  goods  which  were 
shipt  before  the  publication  of  the  decree  of  the  24'th  of 
February  to  leave  the  kingdom.  Mr  Lomas's  cotton  wool 
&c.  can  therefore  now  proceed  to  their  place  of  destination. 

The  soldiers  of  Chateau vieux  had  the  Honimirs  de  la 
Seance  in  the  Assembly  last  Monday.  Their  fete  is  to  take 
place  on  Sunday  next.  Mr  de  Narbonne  is  dangerously  ill 
in  consequence  of  a  foil  from  his  horse.  Mr  Emanuel  de  Maulde 
succeeds   Mr  de  Gonvernct    at    the    Hague.     ^Mr   lo   Hoc  goes 


172  APRIL,  1792. 

to  Hamburgh  in  the  room  of  Mr  de  Bourgoing  who  will  remain 
at  Madrid.  Mr  de  Vibrage  goes  to  Copenhagen  and  Mr  Villars 
to  Mayence. 


Paeis,  April  13th,  1792. 

During  the  last  week  this  metropolis  has  enjoyed  more 
i^uiet  than  perhaps  in  any  other  week  since  the  Revolution, 
but  it  has  the  appearance  of  that  sort  of  calm  which  portends  a 
storm.  The  majority  of  the  National  Guard,  especially  those 
who  are  attached  to  Mr  de  la  Fayette,  murmur  at  the  indecency 
and  impropriety  of  leading  as  it  were  in  triumph  those  soldiers 
of  Chateauvieux  whose  sole  merit  consists  in  having  disobeyed 
orders,  but  who  are  now  used  as  tools  to  render  Mr  de  la 
Fayette  and  the  Feuillants  unpopular. 

Mr  de  Narbonne's  fall  from  his  horse  will  probably  be 
attended  with  no  other  bad  consequences  for  him  than  the  loss 
of  a  finger :  it  has  been  observed  upon  this  occasion  quil  est  a 
■un  doigt  de  sa  porte. 

Mr  D'Abbadie,  an  Englishman  settled  at  Rochefort  as 
broker  and  interpreter  for  the  English  captains  coming  to 
that  port,  informed  me,  by  a  letter  of  the  26th  of  July  1791, 
that,  contrary  to  the  18th  Article  of  the  Treaty  of  Commerce, 
the  Directeur  des  Douanes  had  refused  to  receive  his  report  of 
an  English  vessel,  assigning  for  reason  that  he  was  not  a 
sworn  broker  and  interpreter.  I  applied  to  Mr  de  Montmorin, 
who,  the  16th  of  October  following,  informed  me  that  the 
above  mentioned  Article  of  the  Treaty  of  Commerce  was  so 
evidently  in  Mr  D'Abbadie's  favour  that  the  minister  des 
Contributions  had  given  orders  to  the  Custom  House  to  receive 
his  reports  equally  with  those  of  the  sworn  Brokers.  On 
the  first  of  December  following,  ^Ir  D'Abbadie  having  a  report 
to  make,  it  was  received  by  the  Custom  House  but  absolutely 
rejected  by  one  Mr  Maureau  Juge  de  VAmiraute:  I  applied 
a  second  time  to  this  government  and  on  the  eleventh  instant 
I  received  the  inclosed  answer  from  llv  Dumouriez.  I  must 
observe  that  I  have  never  received  a  communication  of  the 
observations  of  Mr  Bert  rand. 


DESTRUCTION   OF   CHATEAUX.  173 

P.S.  I  inclose  a  copy  of  a  letter  to  me  from  Mr  du 
Mouriez  inclosing  sundry  papers  relative  to  the  late  affair 
in  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 


Pabis,  April  20th,  1792. 

Owing  to  the  moderation  and  proper  behaviour  of  the 
National  Guard,  the  absurd  Fete^  of  last  Sunday  concluded 
without  any  disturbance :  upon  the  whole  it  has  tended  more  to 
affect  the  popularity  of  the  promoters  of  it  than  of  those 
against  whom  it  was  aimed.  The  same  party,  of  which  are 
almost  all  the  Municipality,  had  determined  upon  removing 
the  busts  of  Mr  de  la  Fayette  and  Mr  Bailly,  but  the  threats 
of  the  National  Guard  have  prevented  them  from  executing 
that  project. 

At  a  time  when  the  National  Guards  in  the  South  are  not 
only  permitting,  but  assisting  in  the  destruction  and  pillage  of 
the  Chateaux  of  those  unhappy  proprietors  whose  political 
sentiments  are  not  d  la  hauteur  de  la  Constitution,  the  Minister 
of  the  War  Department  asks  and  obtains  the  permission  of 
the  Assembly  to  withdraw  the  regular  troops  which  he  had 
lately  sent  to  that  part  of  the  kingdom.  The  inhabitants  of 
Lyons  tremble  for  their  property  nor  does  the  consideration 
that  the  Minister  of  the  Interior  is  their  country-man  at  all 
diminish  their  fears.  Orders  are  sent  to  conduct  back  to  prison 
Jourdan,  who  is  at  Aries  in  triumph  and  exultation :  it  will 
be  well  if  they  can  obtain  force  d  la  loi. 

Mr  Duranton  of  Bordeaux  is  at  last  appointed  Minister  of 
Justice :  in  his  speech  upon  the  occasion  to  the  Assembly 
he  boasted  much  of  having  past  twenty  years  in  retirement 
occupied  in  the  study  of  Rousseau  and  other  great  political 
writers,  and  promised  to  act  upon  the  true  principles  of  the 
present  happy  Constitution  of  France :  he  has  however  already 
incurred  the  censure  of  some  patriots  for  having  countersigned 
His  Most  Christian  Majesty's  letter  notifying  to  the  Assembly 
that  he   had  appointed   Mr  Flcurien  Governor  to  the  Prince 

1  The  frte  d,:  la  lihcrtc  held  ou  April  15,  1702. 


174  APRIL,  1792. 

Royal.  Eleven  millions  extraordinary  for  the  army  have  been 
voted  this  week,  since  which  it  has  been  decreed  that  the 
soldiers  shall  be  paid  entirely  in  specie,  an  increase  of  expence 
to  the  Treasury  of  at  least  eight  millions  per  month.  [The 
amount  of  money  in  specie  in  the  Treasury  is  twenty-four  mil- 
lions of  livres.]  Six-hundred  thousand  have  been  also  voted  for 
Cherbourg ;  it  will  soon  be  decided  by  the  Assembly  whether  the 
prosecution  of  that  work  according  to  the  original  great  plan  is 
advisable  at  present.  Other  reasons  besides  the  miserable  state 
of  the  finances  must  be  brought  against  it,  for  we  are  taught  by 
the  charlatans  in  finance  who  are  friends  to  the  present  Govern- 
ment, that  the  sale  of  the  forest  lands  will  render  the  state  of 
the  finances  absolutely  flourishing;  in  the  meantime  the 
various  drafts  upon  the  national  treasury  are  enormous.  The 
commissioners  at  St  Domingo  have  taken  the  liberty  to  draw 
upon  the  treasury  for  three  millions  and,  by  their  dispatches  to 
Government,  it  appears  that  they  require  a  much  more  con- 
siderable sum  to  be  sent  immediately  for  the  assistance  of 
that  colon}^ 

The  Duguay  Trouin  having  been  forced  back  by  contrary 
winds,  the  soldiers  on  board  have  demanded  an  additional  pay 
of  two  months  which  has  of  course  been  complied  with.  Six 
thousand  men,  four  of  which.  National  Guards,  are  to  be  sent 
immediately  to  St  Domingo  and  two  thousand  to  the  other 
West  India  Islands. 

Two  letters  from  Mr  de  Noailles,  which  are  printed  in  this 
day's  Logographe,  were  yesterday  communicated  to  the  National 
Assembly  by  Mr  du  Mouriez,  in  consequence  of  which,  the 
Assembly  being  convinced  that  the  instructions  of  the  Minister 
have  been  properly  attended  to  by  that  Ambassador,  they  have 
revoked  the  Projet  de  Decret  of  impeachment  which  was 
proposed  against  him  last  Saturday.  But  this  communication 
was  the  prelude  of  an  event  of  the  greatest  consequence. 

By  a  letter  from  the  King  the  Assembly  was  informed  that 
His  Majesty  would  be  there  the  next  day.  I  shall  send  to-mor- 
row by  an  extraordinary  messenger  the  detail  of  this  day's 
debate,  for  after  the  Rapport  des  Ministres  au  Roy  had  been 
read  and  the  King  had  informed  the  Assembly  that,  in  conse- 


DECLARATION    OF    WAR.  175 

quence  of  it,  he  was  come  to  propose  to  declai-e  war  in  form 
against  the  King  of  Hungary  and  Bohemia,  it  was  found 
necessary  to  adjourn  till  five  o'clock  in  order  to  clear  the  Hall  of 
strangers  who  had  placed  themselves  in  every  part  of  it.  I  can 
only  add  to  what  your  Lordship  will  see  in  the  inclosed  Journal 
(ill  Soir  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  Assembly'"  will 
coincide  in  opinion  with  His  Most  Christian  Majesty's  ministers 
and  that  war  will  be  immediately  declared  against  the  King  of 
Hungary. 


Paris,  April  22nd,  1792. 

I  have  received  your  Lordship's  Dispatches  No.  14,  15,  and 
I  shall  not  fail  to  observe  punctually  the  instructions  contained 
in  the  last  of  them. 

In  order  to  send  your  Lordship  an  accurate  account  of  the 
debate  on  Friday  evening  in  the  National  Assembly,  I  have 
delayed  dispatching  Staley  till  this  day. 

Your  Lordship  will  see  by  the  account  of  the  debate  in  the 
inclosed  Logographe  that  the  Assembly  was  almost  unanimous 
for  war.  Although  any  mention  of  the  King  of  Prussia  was 
cautiously  avoided  in  the  Minister's  memorial,  the  Assembly  is 
sufficiently  aware  that  by  declaring  war  against  the  King  of 
Hungary  they  have  involved  themselves  also  in  one  against  the 
King  of  Prussia ;  but  I  find  it  to  be  a  very  general  notion,  at 
least  in  the  Assembly,  that  if  France  can  preserve  a  neutrality 
with  England  she  will  be  able  to  cope  Avith  all  the  rest  of 
Europe  united.  This  notion  is  encouraged  by  a  persuasion  that 
the  influence  of  the  Jacobins  and  an  inoculation  of  their 
principles  will  occasion  an  insurrection,  which  according  to  their 
language  is  le  plus  saint  des  devoirs,  in  every  country  whose 
Government  shall  dare  to  oppose  them  in  arms. 

Their  first  military  plan  seems  to  be  an  attack  upon  Ostend 
and  Li^ge;  and,  in  order  to  embody  their  friends  in  that  part  of 
the  world  it  is  in  contemplation  to  raise  three  Legions:  one  to 
be  called  La  Legion  Brahan^onne  another  Liegeoise  and   the 

^  This  was  the  successor  of  Leopold  ii,  Francis  ii.  who  was  not  yet  formally 
elected  Emperor  or  crowned. 


176  APRIL,  1792. 

third  des  Patriotes  HoUandois.  Mr  de  Bethune-Charost  is  still 
here  but  I  have  reason  to  think  that  he  will  leave  Paris  in  the 
course  of  this  day.  Your  Lordship  will  recollect  the  proposal 
that  he  made  to  Government  two  years  ago  with  regard  to  Ostend. 

Mr  de  Narbonne,  who  is  perfectly  recovered  from  his  fall 
without  even  the  loss  of  a  finger,  having  obtained  leave  from  the 
National  Assembly,  will  go  to-night  to  Metz :  he  expresses 
hopes  of  great  success  in  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  but  I 
believe  he  confines  his  hopes  to  that  period. 

The  Marechal  de  Luckner,  to  judge  from  his  letter  which 
was  read  in  the  Assembly  on  Thursday  night,  and  which  your 
Lordship  will  see  in  yesterday's  Logographe  does  not  seem  to 
think  that  his  army  is  perfectly  in  a  condition  to  begin  the 
campaign. 

Mr  du  Mouriez,  in  a  letter  to  the  Assembly  has  shewn  some 
anxiety  for  the  personal  safety  of  the  Charge  des  Affaires  of  the 
court  of  Vienna,  but  it  is  rather  singular  that  although  it  is  as 
long  ago  as  last  Monday  that  Monsieur  de  Blumendorf  desired 
from  him  a  passport  for  a  courier  whom  he  wished  to  dispatch 
to  Vienna,  that  minister  has  not  yet  complied  with  his  request. 
Mr  de  Chauvelin  will  probably  be  in  London  before  Staley,  as 
he  left  this  place  last  night.  Mr  de  Talleyrand  is  to  follow  him 
in  a  few  days. 


Paris,  April  27th,  1792. 

With  this  dispatch  I  send  one  to  your  Lordship  from 
Mr  Trevor:  as  a  supplement  to  which  I  have  to  add  that 
Mr  du  Mouriez  communicated  yesterday  to  the  National 
Assembly  the  circumstance  of  Mr  de  Semonville  having  been 
stopped  at  Alexandria  and  that  the  court  of  Sardinia  had 
refused  to  permit  him  to  proceed  into  the  interior  part  of 
Piedmont.  Mr  du  Mouriez's  dispatch  to  Mr  de  la  Lande,  in 
consequence  of  this  event  was  then  read  and  much  applauded 
by  the  Assembly.  Li  this  dispatch  the  Minister  complains,  in  a 
very  unreserved  manner,  of  the  insults  offered  to  the  French 
nation  in  the  person  of  Mr  de  Semonville  and  instructs  Mr  de 
la  Lande  to  demand  that  the  orders  given  by  the   Sardinian 


STATE    OF   THE    FREXCH    ARMY.  177 

Government  to  prevent  Mr  dc  Se'monville  from  proceedino- 
on  his  journey  should  be  recalled  and  that  the  Court  of  Turin 
should  give  an  explanation  of  its  conduct  in  twenty-four  hours. 
He  is  also  instructed  to  go  to  Alexandria  in  order  to  receive 
Mr  de  Semonville  and  to  present  him  to  His  Sardinian  Majesty, 
but,  in  case  the  Court  of  Turin  should  refuse  to  comply  with 
these  demands,  he  is  to  accompany  Mr  de  Semonville  back  to 
Genoa. 

Mr  de  Barthelemy  has  been  negotiating,  without  success,  for 
a  revocation  of  the  recall  of  the  Regiment  d' Ernest :  the  Govern- 
ment of  Berne,  with  great  temper  and  firmness,  insists  that  the 
French  King  shall  order  the  recall  of  that  regiment  to  be  put 
into  immediate  execution.  The  state  of  the  French  army  on 
the  frontiers  is  such  that  in  no  other  time  or  country  it  would 
be  possible  to  suppose  that  it  could  venture  to  oppose  a  regular 
well-disciplined  army  although  far  inferior  in  number ;  and  it  is 
believed  that  the  impetuosity  of  the  Ministry  will  be  counteracted 
by  the  prudence  of  the  Generals ;  both  seem  to  place  their 
greatest  confidence  in  the  desertion  of  the  enemy's  forces. 
Corruption  of  every  sort  and  in  every  manner  is  employed  without 
reserve,  and  this  mode  of  making  war  seems  to  be  the  boast  of 
the  Assembly  as  well  as  of  the  Ministry ;  it  has  decreed  six 
millions  of  secret  service  money. 

It  is  believed  that  Mr  de  Biron,  who  has  the  command  at 
Valenciennes,  will  make  the  first  attack  in  the  enemy's  country, 
his  popular  manners  joined  to  some  military  experience  in 
America  render  him  perhaps  the  most  proper  person  they  could 
have  chosen  for  the  business  in  which  he  may  be  engaged. 
Mr  Walkiers,  whose  ambition  was  disappointed  in  the  late 
revolution  in  Brabant,  will  probably  act  under  him.  We  expect 
every  hour  to  hear  that  the  army  of  Mr  de  Luckner  has  marched 
to  occupy  the  pass  of  Porentrui. 

While  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  dissensions 
subsist  between  the  Generals  and  the  Ministry  there  is  a 
certainty  of  very  ill  blood  among  the  members  of  the  Jacobin 
Society  who  employ  themselves  in  reciprocal  denunciations. 
Tantaene  animis  caelestibus  irae  ! 


G.  C. 


12 


178  MAY,  1792. 


Paris,  May  Srrf,   1792. 

In  hourly  expectation  of  official  accounts  of  the  engage- 
ments which  have  taken  place  between  the  French  and  Austrians 
near  Tournay  and  Mons,  in  both  of  which  the  former  have 
been  entirely  defeated,  I  have  been  prevented  from  sending  to 
your  Lordship  an  extraordinary  messenger. 

The  official  intelligence  from  Mr  de  Biron  which  was  this 
day  communicated  to  the  National  Assembly,  is  so  very  similar 
to  the  first  reports  which  must  have  reached  London  before  this 
time,  that  I  am  induced  to  send  this  dispatch  by  the  ordinary 
messenger  tomorrow,  especially  as  it  is  most  probable  that  the 
very  interesting  event  of  Mr  de  la  Fayette's  enterprize  against 
Namur  will  be  known  before  that  time. 

By  the  Marechal  de  Rochambeau's  journal  it  appears  that 
he  had  orders  to  form  three  camps ;  one  of  eighteen  thousand 
men  at  Valenciennes,  another  of  four  or  five  thousand  at 
Maubeuge,  and  a  third  of  three  or  four  thousand  at  Dunkirk. 
On  the  24th  he  received  dispatches  from  Mr  de  Grave  and 
Mr  Dumouriez  with  instructions  to  place  under  the  command 
of  Mr  de  Biron  a  body  of  men  consisting  of  ten  battalions  of 
infantry  and  the  same  number  of  squadrons  of  horse  who  were 
to  present  themselves  before  Mons  before  the  80th.  The  same 
number  of  horse  under  the  command  of  a  Marechal  de  Gamp 
were  to  arrive  at  the  same  time  before  Tournay  and  a  detach- 
ment of  twelve  hundred  men  were  to  go  from  Dunkirk  to 
Fumes.  The  Mardchal  had  also  orders  to  assemble  all  the  forces 
that  could  be  spared  from  the  garrisons  in  order  to  be  ready  to 
march  with  them  as  soon  as  possible  to  support  Mr  de  Biron,  of 
whose  success  against  Mons  there  could  be  little  doubt,  con- 
sidering the  correspondence  that  the  Ministry  had  with  that 
country.  Your  Lordship  will  observe  that  these  instructions 
gave  virtually  a  command  to  Mr  de  Biron,  superior  to  that  of 
Mr  de  Bochambeau,  and  that  the  former  received  direct  instruc- 
tions from  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  as  well  as  from  the 
Minister  of  the  War  Department  which  were  not  communicated 
to  the  Marechal.    Mr  Dumouriez  has  in  fact  assumed  the  office  of 


I 


REPUBLIC   OF   GENEVA.  179 

Prime  Minister  and  he  would  have  taken  the  title  had  it  not 
been  contrary  to  the  constitution  of  this  country. 

The  Assembly  not  trusting  entirely  to  the  dons  patriotiques 
for  the  support  of  the  war,  has  voted  an  additional  creation  of 
three  hundred  millions  in  assignats,  fifty  millions  of  which  are 
to  be  paid  immediately  into  the  National  Treasury  by  the 
Caisse  de  V Extraordinaire. 

It  was  the  intention  of  the  Ministry  that  this  new  creation 
should  be  employed  only  in  the  support  of  the  war,  but  they 
were  not  able  to  obtain  that  point. 

I  enclose  two  dispatches  to  your  Lordship  from  Mr  Trevor. 

Mr  Tronchin,  the  Minister  to  this  Court  from  Geneva,  informs 
me  that  his  republic  have  exprest  to  him  their  alarm  at  the 
present  critical  situation  of  things  in  that  neighbourhood,  and 
especially  since  they  have  heard  that  a  camp  is  to  be  formed 
between  Lyons  and  Geneva,  for  they  have  certain  knowledge 
that  the  Jacobins  have  intrigued  with  those  who  are  disaffected 
to  their  present  government,  and  particularly  with  one  Grenus, 
against  whom  Mr  Tronchin  has  been  instructed  to  present  a 
reclamation  to  the  French  Government,  a  copy  of  which  I 
inclose.  He  presses  mo  strongly  to  mention  to  Mr  Dumouriez 
the  good  intelligence  which  subsists  between  the  Court  of  St 
James  and  the  Republic,  which  I  do  not  think  myself  authorized 
to  do  unless  I  receive  instructions  from  your  Lordship  to  that 
purpose. 

Mr  Truguet  is  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  squadron 
consisting  I  believe  of  seven  sail  of  the  line  fitting  out  at  Toulon, 
and  the  American  and  eleven  smaller  sail  consisting  of  frigates 
and  sloops  are  fitting  out  at  Brest  under  the  command  of  Mr 
Kerkalin. 

Mr  de  Blumcndorf  is  still  here,  having  been  instructed  by 
the  Comte  de  Mercy  to  remain  till  he  should  receive  further 
instructions ;  he  did  not  obtain  a  passport  for  his  courier  till 
last  Friday  night.  The  troubles  continue  in  St  Domingo  and 
the  greater  part  of  the  plantations  in  the  Plaine  dcs  Cazes  have 
been  destroyed. 


T2— 2 


180  MAY,  1792. 


May  Ml,  1792. 

By  the  most  authentic  accounts  of  Mr  Dillon's  catastrophe 
it  appears  that  the  destruction  of  his  little  army  was  occasioned 
by  his  own  imprudence.  Totally  unprepared  for  an  engagement 
which  he  was  instructed  not  to  risk,  he  had  ventured  so  near 
the  enemy  that  he  was  attacked  while  his  horses  were  grazing. 
The  suspicion  of  treachery  which  was  the  cause  of  his  cruel 
death  as  well  as  that  of  some  officers  under  his  command  is 
entirely  done  away,  and  the  horrors  committed  by  his  worse 
than  cannibal  soldiers  are  attributed  even  by  the  Jacobins  to 
the  discourses  and  writings  by  which  the  minds  of  the  soldiers 
have  been  perverted  within  the  last  three  years. 

This  is  at  least  one  step  gained,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  for  the 
sake  of  this  country  that  they  will  at  last  discover  that  even  in 
civil  society,  subordination,  good- order  and  morals  are  necessary 
for  its  well-being. 

With  regard  to  Mr  de  Biron's  affair  before  Mons,  we  must 
wait  for  the  particulars  of  it  in  his  next  dispatch  :  it  appears  by 
what  we  know  of  it  at  present  that  he  shewed  more  abilities 
and  more  of  the  experienced  officer  than  Mr  Dillon;  he  however 
seems  with  the  instructions  of  Mr  Dumouriez  to  have  imbibed 
too  much  of  his  impetuosity.  Till  he  had  left  Quievrain  all 
appeared  prosperous.  A  small  body  of  Houlans  abandoned  that 
town  upon  his  approach,  which  gave  him  an  opportunity  of 
erecting  the  tree  of  liberty  in  the  enemies'  territory,  and  his 
troops  that  of  getting  drunk  and  dancing  to  the  tune  of  ga  ira. 
The  next  day  however  when  he  arrived  near  Mons  he  discovered 
that  General  Beaulieu  had  occupied  the  high  ground  near  the 
town  which  he  fondly  imagined  would  have  been  left  for  him 
to  possess,  and  on  that  account  the  town  could  not  be  taken  by 
the  force  which  he  had  with  him.  He  determined  therefore  to 
rest  his  army  for  a  few  hours  and  then  to  retreat,  having  at 
that  time  learnt  the  fate  of  Mr  Dillon.  At  five  o'clock  P.  M. 
he  had  a  slight  skirmish  with  the  enemy.  At  ten  the 
regiment  de  la  Heine  Dragons  retreated  crying  out  they  were 
betrayed  ;   Mr  de  Biron  followed  them  and  brought  back  the 


DILLON   AND   BIROX.  181 

greater  number ;  upon  his  return  finding  the  whole  army  in 
confusion,  he  immediately  began  the  retreat,  Avliich  he  effected 
without  much  loss,  till  he  arrived  at  Quievrain  from  whence  the 
Houlans  had  driven  the  French  garrison  :  he  retook  the  place 
after  an  obstinate  resistance  but  was  obliged  to  abandon  it 
immediately.  His  whole  army  was  completely  routed,  and  fled 
in  the  greatest  confusion  to  Valenciennes,  where  he  narrowly 
escaped  the  fate  of  Mr  Dillon,  leaving  their  baggage,  tents, 
artillery  and  military  stores. 

The  news  of  these  two  total  defeats  which  arrived  within 
the  space  of  a  few  hours,  stunned  the  Jacobins ;  Mr  de  Grave 
proposed  the  establishment  of  courts  martial  to  try  military 
offences  without  the  intervention  of  a  jury  ;  this  however  was  not 
sufficiently  relished  to  be  immediately  adopted,  and  the  only 
proof  that  the  Assembly  has  given  as  yet  of  its  disposition  to 
suppress  licence  is  the  Decret  d' Accusation,  which  was  past 
yesterday  against  the  authors  of  the  periodical  papers  called 
Vami  du  roy  and  I'ami  du  peuple.  It  is  probable  that  the 
present  Ministry  will  not  be  able  to  withstand  the  shock.  Mr 
Dumouriez  informed  the  Assembly  this  morning  that  Mr  de 
Rochambeau,  in  consequence  of  the  Minister's  direct  orders  to 
Mr  de  Biron  his  inferior  officer,  has  refused  to  correspond  with 
them,  but  that  he  has  written  to  the  King  and  sent  him  his 
resignation.  The  Minister  also  said  that  the  plan  of  attack  was 
that  the  Marechal  de  Luckner's  army  should  take  possession  of 
the  passes  of  Porentrui.  This  I  find  has  been  effected  by  Mr 
do  Custine,  who  at  first  refused  to  obey  the  Mare'chal's  orders, 
owing  to  a  want  of  confidence  in  his  soldiers ;  he  has  however 
since  that  occupied  the  passes  which  had  been  relinquished  by 
the  Austrian  troops.  Mr  de  la  Fayette  was  to  attack  Nainur : 
no  account  is  as  yet  arrived  of  that  expedition.  The  business 
of  the  army  of  the  Marechal  de  Rochambeau  and  its  success  or 
rather  want  of  it  is  well  known.  By  advancing  thus  on  all 
sides  into  the  enemy's  country,  the  intention,  said  the  Minister, 
was  to  kindle  a  general  insurrection ;  at  this  expression  even 
the  Assembly  nninnured.  Mr  de  Luckner  is  to  succeed  Mr  de 
Rochambeau  in  the  command  of  the  northern  arm}',  15etwccn 
.six  and  seven  millions  have  been  voted  for  the  naval  armament. 


182  MAY,  1792. 

Mr  de  Walkiers  has  not  left  Paris.  It  was  my  intention  to 
have  sent  your  Lordship  an  account  of  the  number  of  troops  on 
the  frontiers.  I  hope  to  be  able  to  send  it  by  the  next 
messenger. 


Paeis,  May  llth,  1792. 

I  inclose  to  your  Lordship  a  letter  from  Mr  Trevor. 

The  repulses  before  Tournay  and  Mons  have  been  attended 
with  circumstances  which  oblige  the  French  army  to  adopt 
defensive  measures.  In  the  northern  army  many  of  the  officers, 
especially  those  of  the  Artillery,  have  resigned  their  commands, 
and  to  this  circumstance  is  in  a  great  measure  to  be  attributed 
Mr  de  Graves'  resignation.  His  successor,  Mr  de  Servan,  brother 
of  the  last  Attorney  General  of  the  Parliament  of  Grenoble, 
unites  to  much  activity  principles  which  render  him  very  well 
qualified  to  associate  in  council  with  the  rest  of  His  Most  Chris- 
tian Majesty's  present  Ministers.  At  Valenciennes  the  soldiers 
are  obliged  to  remain  in  cantonments  until  tents  can  be  pro- 
vided to  supply  those  which  were  lost  at  Quievrain.  There  has 
been  a  slight  skirmish  between  the  outposts  near  Maubeuge. 

At  Lille  the  military  begin  to  be  ashamed  of  their  late 
atrocious  conduct  and  the  town  is  become  quiet.  The  only 
force  which  remains  beyond  the  frontiers  is  a  body  of  three 
thousand  men,  which  Mr  de  la  Fayette  sent  to  Bouvignes  under 
the  command  of  Mr  de  Gouvion,  and  which  remains  there  in 
order  to  obtain  forage,  of  which  among  many  other  essential 
articles  that  army  is  in  great  need ;  it  is  not  improbable  that 
this  small  body  may  be  surrounded  and  taken  by  the  Austrians : 
the  rest  of  that  army  is  in  a  state  bordering  on  insurrection, 
encamped  near  Givet  in  a  position  secure  from  any  immediate 
attack. 

Mr  de  Luckner  is  at  Paris. 

Mr  de  Rochambeau  throws  the  blame  of  the  disgrace  which 
the  French  arms  have  incurred,  upon  Mr  Dumouriez ;  that 
Minister  however  holds  firm  and  shews  at  least  that  he  possesses 
the  virtue  of  courage.  For  Mr  de  Rochambcau's  opinions  I 
must  refer  your  Lordship  to  his  letter  to  the  National  Asscm- 


SOUTH    OF    FRANCE.  183 

bly  in  this  day's  Logographe :  he  and  Mr  de  la  Fayette  agree 
that  they  were  egregiously  deceived  with  regard  to  the  good 
dispositions  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Low  Countries  towards  the 
French. 

The  proceedings  in  the  south  of  France  are  not  of  a  nature 
to  conciliate  the  minds  of  those  who  wish  to  trust  their  pro- 
perty and  personal  security  to  the  protection  of  the  Executive 
Power.  In  an  official  letter  to  Mr  de  Grave,  Mr  de  Montesquieu 
says:  J'espere  que  nous  nentendrons  jpas  parler  cV Avignon,  il 
sexercera  vraisemhlahlement  quelques  vexations  dans  ce  malheu- 
reux  pays,  par  le  Parti  quelque  temps  opprime  et  aujourd'hui 
triomphant,  je  crois  que  cest  Id  que  se  borne  V ambition  marseilloise 
dont  on  a  voulu  nous  effrayer. 

This  is  the  sentiment  of  a  man  entrusted  with  the  command 
of  an  army  to  enforce  justice  and  maintain  peace. 

Ubi  solitudinem  fecerunt  pacem  appellant.  The  Assembly 
has  however  ordered  to  their  bar  the  Commissioners  of  the 
Bouclies  du  Rhone  who  attended  and  partook  of  the  triumphal 
entry  of  Jourdan  and  his  banditti  into  Avignon,  and  the  Minis- 
ters, contrary  to  their  disposition,  are  compelled  to  give  force  to 
the  law  against  that  band  of  murderers. 

For  the  whole  of  the  extraordinary  expences  for  the  last 
month  the  Caisse  de  V extraordinaire  is  to  pay  into  the  National 
Treasury  between  forty-five  and  forty-six  millions. 


Paris,  Mcnj  \-6th,  1792. 

I  have  endeavoured  to  procure  for  your  Lordship's  infor- 
mation, but  without  success,  an  exact  account  of  the  present 
state  of  the  French  army :  the  result  however  of  my  inquiries  is 
that  the  number  of  private  soldiers  is  nearly  the  same  as  it  was 
when  Mr  do  Narbonne  gave  his  statement  to  the  Assembly,  that 
is  to  say  that  there  are  still  fifty  thousand  deficient,  for  although 
a  considerable  number  of  recruits  have  been  obtained,  that 
number  has  been  counterbalanced  by  desertion.  The  propor- 
tion of  officers  that  have  quitted  their  regiments  is  still  greater. 
All  the  four  armies  arc  extremely  ill  provided.     The  regiment 


184  MAY,  1792. 

of  Royal  Allemand,  cavalry,  except  seven  men,  has  joined  the 
Austrians.  The  regiment  of  Saxe,  Hussars,  had  set  them  the 
example,  but  92  of  the  latter  have  returned  with  88  horses. 
Many  of  the  men  and  the  officers  of  the  regiment  of  Berchini 
have  also  quitted  France.  Nobody  can  be  surprized  at  Mr 
de  Riccd's  resignation,  who  has  read  his  account  of  the  insurrec- 
tion in  the  camp  of  Tiercelet  printed  in  the  Supplement  No.  3 
of  the  Gazette  Universelle,  which  I  sent  to  your  Lordship  by  last 
Monday's  post. 

Mr  de  Luckner  went  on  Monday  to  Valenciennes,  he  has 
not,  I  believe,  been  able  with  the  splendid  and  singular  offer  of 
serving  as  his  Aide  de  Camp,  to  persuade  Mr  de  Rochambeau  to 
remain  in  command,  but  it  is  supposed  that  he  will  immediately 
conduct  a  second  attack  against  Mons. 

The  Comte  de  Goltz  has  received  orders  to  quit  this  court 
without  taking  leave,  and  he  intends  to  accompany  Mr  de 
Blumendorf  out  of  France  in  the  beginning  of  the  next  week. 
The  Russian  Charge  d' Affaires  has  also  received  orders  to  leave 
this  court. 

Mr  Bertrand,  the  late  Minister  of  the  Marine  has  entered  a 
prosecution  against  Carra  the  journalist  for  having  asserted  at 
a  meeting  of  the  Jacobins  that  he  is  a  member  of  the  Austrian 
Committee  which  meets  at  the  Thuilleries.  In  order  to  en- 
courage the  belief  of  this  pretended  Committee,  an  invitation 
was  sent  to  Mr  Renaud  de  St  Jean  d'Angely  to  meet  Mr  Malouet 
and  Mr  Bertrand  at  the  Princesse  de  Lamballe's  apartment  in 
the  Thuilleries,  at  a  time  however  when  the  princess  happened 
to  be  in  the  country.  Two  men  who  were  haranguing  the 
group  in  the  Palais  Royal  against  the  Royal  Family,  being 
carried  before  a  Justice  of  the  Peace,  produced  their  tickets  for 
admission  to  the  club  of  the  Jacobins,  in  order  to  prove  their 
integrity,  but,  this  not  satisfying  the  justice,  he  ordered  them 
to  be  uncloathed,  and  their  shoulders  betrayed  marks  that  they 
had  been  whipt  and  branded. 

In  order  to  render  less  rapid  the  consumption  of  the 
800,000,000  lately  decreed,  and  which  is  already  reduced  to 
187,000,000,  the  Assembly  has  decreed  that  the  Cre'ances  exigi- 
hles  not  amounting  to  more  than  10,000  livres  shall  be  paid  in 


M.   DE   MONTESQUIOU.  185 

assignats,  the  rest  in  Quittances  de  finance,  bearing  an  interest 
of  4  per  cent. 


Paris,  May  2'jth,  1792. 

I  have  presented  His  Majesty's  letter  to  the  Most  Chris- 
tian King  in  the  usual  form. 

It  appears  that  the  reason  why  Mr  de  Luckner  has  not  yet 
made  his  projected  attack  upon  Mons,  is  the  total  impossibility 
of  Mr  de  la  Fayette's  co-operation  (without  which  such  an 
attack  would  be  hazarding  another  defeat  to  little  purpose) 
owing  to  the  miserable  state  of  his  army  in  every  respect. 

Mr  de  Rochambeau  and  his  son  arrived  here  last  Tuesday ; 
the  Marechal,  in  public  conversation  attributes  his  own  resigna- 
tion to  his  infirm  state  of  health,  and  in  general  condemns  the 
conduct  of  those  officers  who  have  resigned  since  the  affairs  of 
Mons  and  Tournay,  and  he  expresses  a  wish  that  his  son  would 
return  to  his  post. 

Among  the  many  officers  who  have  resigned  I  should 
mention  to  your  Lordship  the  son  of  the  Duke  of  Crillon. 

The  army  in  the  south  under  the  command  of  Mr  de  Mon- 
tesquieu is  to  form  three  camps,  one  near  Lyons,  another  at 
Barraux,  near  the  fort  of  Ecluse,  and  the  third  on  the  Var. 
That  army  is  in  the  same  state  as  the  others  on  the  frontiers,  in 
want  of  everything.  The  Minister  has  been  obliged  to  acknow- 
ledge a  deficit  of  2000  men  in  the  Artillery.  The  Minister  of 
Justice  has  informed  the  Assembly  that  the  brigands  of  Avignon 
have  fled  from  that  city  and  que  tout  est  ventre  sous  Venipire  de  la 
loi;  a  weak  empire  where  the  most  flagrant  crimes  are  suffered 
to  pass  unpunished,  and  where  magistrates  are  sent  to  prison  for 
daring  to  do  their  duty.  The  Justice  of  Peace  la  Riviere 
having  proceeded  in  a  regular  course  of  justice  against  the  libel- 
lous authors  of  the  report  of  a  pretended  Austrian  Committee 
has  been  sent  to  the  prison  of  Orleans,  and  is  to  be  tried  by  the 
High  National  Court  for  having  summoned  three  members  of 
the  National  Assembly  to  appear  before  him.  Messieurs 
Gensoniu'  ;)iid  Brissot  umlerlook  upon  that  occasion  to  prove  to 


186  JUNE,  1792. 

the  Assembly  the  existence  of  an  Austrian  Committee,  and  that 
Mr  de  Montmorin  and  Mr  Bertrand  deserved  to  be  tried  for 
high  treason;  for  the  force  of  their  arguments  and  the  clear- 
ness of  their  proof,  I  must  refer  your  Lordship  to  the  Wednes- 
day's debate  in  the  Logographe  of  this  day.  It  is  probable  that 
Mr  Brissot  will  not  succeed  in  this  attempt  of  sending  more 
Ministers  to  Orleans,  especially  since  Mr  Duranton  has,  inad- 
vertently I  believe,  rendered  himself  liable  to  accompany  the 
Ex-ministers,  by  having  countersigned  His  Most  Christian 
Majesty's  letter  to  the  Assembly  upon  that  occasion.  Mr  le 
Cointre,  a  member  of  the  Comite  de  Surveillance,  having  of  his 
own  accord  written  to  the  Municipality  of  Befort,  in  the  name 
of  that  Committee,  to  stop  and  search  some  Swiss  soldiers,  who 
were  returning  with  passports  to  their  own  country,  has  been 
ordered  by  the  Assembly  to  pass  three  days  in  the  prison  of  the 
Abbey  of  St  Germain,  as  a  punishment  for  this  infraction  of  the 
Constitution,  a  mere  shew  of  justice. 

The  deportation  of  Catholic  Priests  who  shall  refuse  the 
civic  oath,  has  been  decreed  by  the  Assembly  as  a  measure  of 
police. 

The  premium  of  fifty  livres  per  tun,  which  was  granted  by  a 
Decree  of  the  Constitutional  Assembly  to  foreign  whale- fishers 
in  order  to  encourage  the  Nantucket  people,  is  now  extended  to 
J'rench  southern  and  northern  whale-fishers. 


Paris,  June  1st,  1792. 

In  order  to  impress  into  the  minds  of  the  people  an 
apprehension  of  imminent  danger  to  the  State,  occasioned  by 
the  machinations  of  the  pretended  Austrian  Committee,  and,  by 
that  means,  of  effecting  the  destruction  of  the  King's  Guard, 
the  National  Assembly  voted  itself  permanent  last  Monday,  and 
has  continued  in  that  state.  The  Assemblies  of  the  depart- 
ment and  Municipality,  and  the  still  more  efficient  Assembly  of 
the  Jacobins  have  followed  its  example. 

The    accusation   against    Mr    de    Montmorin    and    Mr    de 
Bertrand,  having  at  least  for  the  moment  failed  of  its  success, 


DISBANDING   OF    KING'S   GUARD.  187 

the  battery  has  been  turned  against  another  quarter ;  the  next 
object  was  the  disbanding  of  the  King's  Guard.  From  the  first 
formation  of  that  body  a  natural  jealousy  has  subsisted  between 
it  and  the  National  Guard,  which  has  been  industriously  foment- 
ed, and  the  indiscreet  conversation  of  some  of  the  young  men, 
who  have  been  admitted  into  it,  has  tended  to  excite  the  minds 
of  the  populace  against  it.  These  circumstances  and  the  pre- 
vailing influence  of  the  Jacobins,  has  induced  the  National 
Assembly  to  decree  that  the  King's  Guard  should  be  disbanded, 
and  Mr  de  Brissac  impeached  and  sent  to  Orleans.  This 
Decree  immediately  received  the  Royal  sanction,  and  has  of 
course  been  put  into  execution.  Upon  the  whole  this  measure 
has  been  approved  of,  but  not  by  a  large  majority,  by  the 
National  Guard,  who  have  again  the  honor,  together  with  the 
Swiss,  of  guarding  the  Royal  Family  in  the  interior  of  the 
Palace,  but  the  service  of  the  Swiss  will  probably  be  but  tem- 
porary, every  occasion  is  taken  to  affect  the  public  mind  against 
them.  A  drunken  conversation  at  an  alehouse  has  been  quoted 
and  made  the  most  of  for  that  purpose ;  the  white  predomin- 
ated over  the  blue  and  red  in  their  cockades,  but  it  is  not  true 
that  they  were  entirely  white.  Another  event,  for  the  purpose 
of  giving  credit  to  the  belief  of  an  Austrian  Committee,  was 
brought  before  the  Assembly,  the  burning  of  thirty  large  bales 
of  papers  at  the  manufactory  at  Seves,  which  proved  to  be  no 
more  than  an  awkward  mode  of  destroying  printed  copies  of  an 
infamous  publication. 

To  the  Princess  de  Vandemont's  journey  to  England  I 
attribute  the  absurd  report  of  Mr  de  Montmorin  being  gone 
there  in  company  with  the  Princess  de  Lamballe. 

It  appears  to  be  the  mutual  wish  of  the  King  of  Hungary 
and  this  Government,  that  no  letters  of  marque  and  reprisal 
should  be  granted. 

The  miserable  state  of  the  army  of  this  country  exceeds  all 
belief.  In  order  to  increase  the  number  of  soldiers,  it  has  been 
proposed  by  the  Minister  that  every  department  should  raise 
one  thousand  men  to  receive  a  pay  of  three  sous  per  diem  and 
to  be  ready  when  required.  They  embrace  the  offers  of  any 
foreign  officer  who  is  willing   to   serve,  and  in  fact  they  arc 


188  JUNE,  1792. 

absolutely  reduced  to  this  measure  from  the  great  scarcity  of 
French  oflBcers  who  remain. 

I  received  a  visit  the  other  day  from  the  Vicomte  de 
Noailles  who  informed  me  that  His  Most  Christian  Majesty 
having  accepted  his  resignation,  he  had  determined  to  go  to 
England,  but  with  no  other  motive  than  that  of  living  in  a 
country  whose  Constitution  and  Government  he  admired,  when 
it  was  impossible,  from  his  peculiar  political  situation  that  he 
could  continue  in  his  own  country,  and  he  assured  me  in  the 
most  positive  terms  that  he  has,  and  would  continue  to  have, 
no  political  connection  with  any  of  his  countrymen  who  may 
be  supposed  to  have  views  adverse  to  the  present  Government 
in  England.  According  to  his  own  account,  the  Mar^chal  de 
Luckner  will  find  it  difficult,  if  not  impossible  to  introduce 
discipline  among  his  soldiers ;  their  indecent  behaviour  to  an 
English  woman  of  the  name  of  Nash  has  given  a  second  proof 
of  the  degree  of  insubordination  to  which  they  are  reduced.  I 
am  informed  by  him  that  an  account  of  that  affair  will  be  sent 
to  your  Lordship. 

By  the  resignation  of  the  Vicomte  de  Noailles,  it  is  agreed 
by  those  who  do  not  think  favourably  of  his  political  conduct, 
that  the  army  has  lost  an  able  officer,  and  that  his  place  will 
not  be  sufficiently  supplied  by  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  who  is 
gone  to  join  the  army  having  beforehand  written  to  the  Minister 
of  the  Marine  to  offer  his  services  to  his  country  in  his  naval 
capacity :  of  this  I  was  informed  by  Mr  Dumouriez  who  at  the 
same  time  said,  that  he  had  prevailed  upon  him  to  delay  his 
journey  to  Valenciennes  for  some  days,  having  suggested  that  it 
might  be  proper  to  know  Mr  de  Luckner's  opinion  upon  that 
subject ;  but  I  believe  the  journey  was  undertaken  before  the 
arrival  of  the  Mar^chal's  opinion. 

A  plan  of  a  strong  police  is  in  agitation  and  of  a  sort  of 
dictatorial  power  to  be  given  to  Mr  Pdthion  and  the  Comit^  de 
Surveillance. 

The  Polish  Minister  at  this  court  is  gone  to  Geneva,  and 
from  thence  he  is  to  proceed  to  Genoa,  in  order  to  negotiate  a 
loan  at  those  places,  the  security  for  which  are  to  be  the 
Starosties. 


M.    DUMOURIE'^.  ISO 

The  permanence  of  the  National  Assembly  has  ceased,  and 
the  capital  is  again  tranquil. 


Paris,  June  9th,  1792. 

I  inclose  a  copy  of  a  letter  from  Mr  Duraonriez  to  me 
concerning  the  217  French  negroes  which  were  landed  by 
Captain  Colmin  at  English  Key,  and  inclosing  a  copy  of  an 
Arrets  of  the  Colonial  Assembly  of  St  Domingo  upon  that 
subject. 

Mr  Dumouriez  was  upon  the  point  of  resigning  at  the  end 
of  the  last  week,  but,  finding  that  all  parties  were  desirous 
that  he  should  continue  for  the  present  in  office,  and  the 
responsibility  for  the  six  millions  being  no  longer  imposed  upon 
him  he  has  consented  to  remain  in  the  Ministry.  His  projects 
however  of  offensive  war  continue  to  be  frustrated  by  the 
contrary  opinion  of  Mr  de  la  Fayette,  and  the  impossibility  of 
either  that  General's  army  or  that  of  Mr  de  Luckner  being,  for 
some  time  in  a  condition  to  act  offensively.  It  is  calculated 
that  the  army  of  the  Marechal  will  consist  of  between  fifty  and 
sixty  thousand  men,  and  may  be  fit  for  action  by  the  twenty- 
fifth  of  this  month.  Although  that  army  is  well  disposed 
towards  the  Duke  of  Orleans  he  is  expected  at  Paris.  The 
disposition  of  the  other  army  is  probably  not  so  favourable  to 
him  if  one  may  judge  from  the  well  known  sentiments  of  Mr  de 
la  Fayette  and  Mr  Gouvion.  Mr  de  Custine  will  command  the 
army  in  Alsace. 

The  frivolousness  and  absurdity  of  the  last  denunciations  in 
the  National  Assembly  have  thrown  a  ridicule  upon  that  mode 
of  attacking  the  Feuillants :  a  more  serious  and  formidable 
measure  is  now  in  agitation.  Preparations  are  making  to 
convey  in  case  of  necessity  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  and  the 
Assembly  to  the  banks  of  the  Loire,  if  not  timely  prevented  by 
the  alarms  of  the  proprietors  in  the  capital.  Having  disbanded 
the  King's  Guards  which  they  may  hereafter  have  occasion  to 
discover  is  not  tantamount  to  dispersing  them,  their  next  plan 
is  to  controul  the  National  Guards  by  a  superior  force,  and  for 


190  JUNE,  1792. 

that  purpose  the  Assembly  has  decreed  an  augmentation  to  the 
army  of  twenty  thousand  men  to  be  raised  in  all  the  Cantons 
of  the  kingdom,  and  to  be  assembled  at  Paris  on  the  fourteenth 
of  July.  The  National  Guard  has  taken  the  alarm,  and  the 
Assembly  will  possibly  be  obliged  to  repeal  this  decree.  The 
army  in  general,  I  understand,  is  dissatisfied  at  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty  having  given  his  sanction  to  the  decree 
which  disbanded  his  Guard. 

The  Dutch  patriots  are  to  raise  a  body  of  between  four  and 
five  thousand  men ;  their  uniform,  except  that  of  the  Chasseurs 
and  Sapeurs,  is  to  be  black  turned  up  with  light  blue,  owing  to 
the  scarcity  of  white  and  coloured  cloth.  Mr  Abbema  who  is  the 
richest  man  among  them,  although  nearly  equalled  in  that  respect 
by  Mr  de  Witt  undertakes  to  provide  the  money  for  this  purpose. 

Mr  Yriarte  conversed  the  other  day  for  some  time  with 
considerable  earnestness  with  Monsieur  Dumouriez,  but  I  have 
seen  no  other  symptoms  of  a  Spanish  mediation.  Mr  Dumouriez 
however  takes  every  opportunity  to  boast  of  the  frankness 
which  exists  in  his  correspondence  with  Mr  D'Aranda.  A  son 
of  Doctor  Priestley,  who  is  come  here  to  be  naturalized  has 
been  received  to-day  with  great  applause,  by  the  National 
Assembly. 


Paris,  June  15th,  1792. 

A  change  has  taken  place  in  the  Ministry  of  this  country, 
which  though  it  may  tend  in  some  measure  to  unite  the  Jaco- 
bins may  ultimately  prove  their  destruction. 

Messrs  Rolland,  Servan  and  Claviere  have  been  dismissed 
from  His  Most  Christian  Majesty's  council.  Mr  Dumouriez 
succeeds  Mr  Servan  in  the  War  Department,  and  he  is  to  be 
succeeded  in  that  of  Foreign  Affairs  by  Mr  de  Naillac,  a  gentle- 
man who  has  lately  travelled  in  Spain,  and  who  was  formerly 
employed  in  the  diplomatic  line  at  Vienna,  he  is  at  present  the 
French  Minister  to  the  Duke  of  Deux-Ponts.  Mr  Mourgues 
formerly  Directeur  des  Travaux  at  Cherbourg  is  appointed  to 
the  Home  Department  :  that  of  the  Finances  remains  vacant. 


CHANGE   OF   MINISTRV.  191 

I  informed  your  Lordship  in  my  last  dispatch  that  Mr  Du- 
mouriez  after  having  hesitated  for  some  time,  had  determined 
to  continue  in  office.  When  he  talked  of  resigning  his  plan 
appears  to  have  been  to  have  joined  the  army,  if  he  could  have 
obtained  the  permission  of  the  Assembly,  and  from  thence  to 
have  sent  an  account  of  the  wretched  condition  of  the  army  and 
the  defenceless  state  of  the  frontiers,  which  would  have  had 
more  effect  than  the  Memoire  sur  le  Departement  de  la  Guerre, 
which  he  read  to  the  Assembly  upon  his  acceptance  of  that 
department.  I  am  therefore  induced  to  believe  that  a  notion, 
that  without  his  presence,  energy  would  be  wanting  and  reso- 
lution fail,  and  consequently  the  dismission  of  the  three 
Ministers,  which  has  since  been  effected,  might  not  have  taken 
place,  confirmed  him  to  the  metropolis. 

The  blow  is  now  struck,  but  it  is  to  be  doubted  that  he  will 
be  able  to  maintain  his  ground.  He  relies  however  upon  the 
impression  which  the  public  will  receive  from  the  infamous 
conduct  of  his  three  greatest  enemies,  the  lately  dismist 
Ministers  and  their  adherents,  and,  considering  his  own  account 
of  the  army,  he  certainly  expects  more  from  negotiation,  than 
from  the  sword,  and  I  can  easily  believe  that  his  dispatches  from 
Madrid  have  in  a  great  measure  prompted  him  to  undertake  a 
task,  similar  and  equally  difficult  to  that  of  clearing  the  Augean 
Stable.     His  activity  and  his  courage  are  equally  extraordinary. 

On  Tuesday  last,  an  hour  after  the  change  in  the  Ministry 
was  resolved  upon,  but  of  which  I  was  at  that  time  ignorant,  in 
the  course  of  a  private  conversation,  he  desired  me  to  inform 
your  Lordship,  that  if  Mr  de  Talleyrand's  mission  was  in  any 
manner  disagreeable  to  His  Majesty  or  his  Ministers,  he  shouUl 
be  recalled;  this  I  promised  to  do,  but  I  avoided  all  comments 
upon  the  subject. 

Against  Mr  Rolland  and  Mr  Servan  he  means  to  prove  the 
plan  of  carrying  off  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  to  the  southern 
provinces,  and  in  addition  to  that,  against  Mr  Claviere  he  has  a 
most  infamous  tale  to  unfold  with  regard  to  a  plan  of  employing 
the  six  millions  of  secret  service  money  for  his  private  use. 
Mr  Claviere  having  a  million  in  the  French  funds,  which  he  had 
borrowed  at  Genoa  was  a  great  ]iromoter  of  tlie  schenie  of  the 


192  JUNE,  1792. 

assignats  in  order  to  occasion  a  temporary  rise  in  the  funds  : 
in  this  he  succeeded,  but  the  exchange  with  foreign  countries 
fell  so  low  that  his  profit  in  the  rise  of  stocks  was  not  equal  to 
the  loss  by  the  exchange,  it  was  therefore  necessary  to  raise  the 
latter  before  he  could  pay  his  debt  at  Genoa.  The  means  of  his 
friend  Mr  Bidermann  being  nearly  exhausted  by  this  sort  of 
agiotage,  he  employed  as  much  as  he  could  venture  of  public 
money,  he  next  insisted  that  he  should  have  the  use  of  the  six 
millions  of  secret  service  money  till  called  for  by  Mr  Dumouriez  ; 
but  the  latter  minister,  being  apprized  that  Mr  Bidermann  had 
very  lately  placed  that  sum  in  the  East  India  Funds,  discovered 
the  plan  and  resisted,  in  consequence  of  which  the  house  of 
Bidermann  is  on  the  brink  of  bankruptcy.  A  failure  of  still 
greater  consequence  is  likely  to  take  place,  the  house  of  Tourton 
and  Ravel. 

The  deficit  for  this  month,  for  one  is  naturally  led  from 
private  to  public  bankruptcy,  is  above  thirteen  millions ;  the 
whole  to  be  paid  by  the  Caisse  de  I' extraordinaire  is  fifty-three 
millions.  It  is  calculated  that  of  twenty- four  hundred  millions, 
already  en  creation  only  one  hundred  will  remain  for  the 
expences  of  the  next  month. 

The  suppression  of  casual  feudal  rights  without  indemnifica- 
tion unless  proved  to  be  a  concession  in  virtue  of  a  titre  primitif 
has  been  decreed  by  the  Assembly ;  a  violation  of  property  to 
the  amount  of  six  hundred  millions. 

The  Duke  of  Orleans  is  returned  to  his  country  seat.  The 
loss  of  Mr  Gouvion  in  the  late  skirmish  is  deservedly  lamented, 
by  the  movements  of  both  armies  a  general  engagement  may  be 
expected  sooner  than  the  time  I  mentioned  to  your  Lordship 
last  week. 


Paris,  June  18th,  1792. 


I  omitted,  in  my  last  dispatch,  to  inform  your  Lordship 
that  Mr  Morris  has  delivered  his  credentials  to  His  Most  Christian 
Majesty  as  Minister  Plenipotentiary  from  the  United  States. 
A  new  change  has   taken  place  in  the  Ministry  :  Mr  Du- 


RESIGNATION    OF   DUMOURIEZ.  103 

mouriez  having  resigned,  is  succeeded  in  the  War  Department 
by  Mr  la  Jarre  formerly  Aide  de  Camp  to  Mr  la  Fayette  and 
Adjutant-General  in  the  National  Guards  of  Paris  ;  the  Depart- 
ment for  Foreign  Affairs  is  given  to  Mr  Chambonas  formerly 
mayor  of  Sens  and  commandant  of  this  department :  Mr 
d'Ormesson,  formerly  Controleur  General  has  the  Departement 
des  Contributions. 


Paris,  June  22nd,   1792. 

The  resignation  of  Mr  Dumouriez  is  to  be  attributed  to 
His  Most  Christian  Majesty's  refusal  to  sanction  the  decree 
relative  to  the  transportation  of  the  clergy  who  refuse  to  take 
the  oaths,  and  that  which  had  been  proposed  by  Mr  Servan  for 
raising  twenty  thousand  men:  that  minister  having  judged 
that  the  sanction  of  those  decrees  was  absolutely  necessary 
in  order  to  ]3 reserve  sufficient  popularity  to  carry  on  the  govern- 
ment. His  successor  in  office  is,  like  him,  a  member  of  the 
Jacobin  club,  but,  like  him  also,  he  is  intent  on  its  destruction. 

The  Minister  of  the  War  Department  is  devoted  to  Mr  de  la 
Fayette.  I  misinformed  your  Lordship  with  regard  to  that  of 
the  finances ;  that  department  is  given  to  Mr  Beaulieu,  one  of 
the  Commissaires  de  Comptahilite,  motives  of  prudence  having 
prevented  the  appointment  of  Mr  d'Ormesson  to  that  office, 
and,  in  that  light,  his  having  been  a  member  of  administration 
during  the  former  Government  was  a  sufficient  reason.  Mr 
Terrier  de  Monciel,  President  of  the  Department  of  Jura,  and 
connected  with  the  Lameths,  is  Minister  of  the  Interior.  Mr 
Duranthon  and  Mr  la  Coste  remain  for  the  present.  Upon  tlio 
whole  it  is  to  be  expected  that  the  measures  of  the  new  adminis- 
tration will  be  according  to  the  principles  of  the  Feuillants. 

The  late  attempt*  of  the  Jacobins  to  intimidate  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty  has  failed  entirely  and  has  served  only  to  im- 
press more  strongly  on  the  minds  of  those  who  wish  for  order  and 
good  government  an  abhorrence  of  their  principles  and  practices. 
The  mnjesty  of  the  throne  was  sullied,  but  it  gave  the  King  a 

1  The  attack  on  the  Tuilcrie.s  of  June  20,  171)2. 

G.  c.  13 


194  JUNE,  1792. 

happy  opportunity  of  displaying  an  extraordinary  degree  of  calm- 
ness and  courage,  which  may  be  of  infinite  service.  The  circum- 
stance of  his  having  applied  the  hand  of  a  grenadier  to  his  heart, 
saying  "feel  here  if  there  are  any  signs  of  fear"  is  perfectly  true. 
As  your  Lordship  will  see  in  the  Logographe  the  several 
accounts  which  the  deputies  gave  the  National  Assembly 
of  the  transactions  in  the  palace,  I  shall  not  enter  into  a  detail 
of  them,  I  shall,  however,  inform  your  Lordship  of  all  the 
particulars  not  mentioned  by  them,  which  have  come  to  my 
knowledge.  The  King,  finding  the  mob  determined  to  force  the 
door  of  the  antechamber  of  his  apartment,  ordered  his  attendants 
to  withdraw,  and  placed  himself  in  the  recess  of  one  of  the 
windows,  where,  attended  by  a  few  grenadiers,  he  suffered  the 
mob  to  approach  him,  accepted  from  them  a  red  cap  with  tricolor 
ribands,  which  he  wore  during  the  whole  time  that  they 
remained  in  the  palace,  and,  upon  their  expressing  a  wish  that 
he  should  drink  to  the  health  of  the  nation,  His  Majesty 
condescended  to  comply  with  their  request,  and  drunk  the 
remains  of  some  wine  in  a  cup,  out  of  which  a  grenadier  had 
previously  drunk.  During  this  time  the  Queen  and  the 
Dauphin  with  their  attendants  were  in  the  council  chamber 
guarded  by  a  table  from  the  too  near  approach  of  the  mob.  It 
is  singular  considering  that  the  populace  was  in  every  part  of 
the  royal  apartment  except  the  King's  private  bedchamber, 
that  no  other  mischief  should  have  been  done  except  taking 
away  the  locks,  and  breaking  the  panels  of  the  doors. 

The  admission  of  the  mob  is  entirely  to  be  attributed  to  the 
infamous  conduct  of  the  municipal  officers :  the  commander  of 
the  National  Guard  had  in  his  pocket  an  order  from  the  adminis- 
trators of  the  department  to  oppose  force  by  force,  but  the  orders 
of  the  Municipality  were  wanting.  A  dreadful  responsibility 
would  have  awaited  Mr  Pethion  had  any  unfortunate  event 
taken  place.  Courtray  being  taken,  it  is  imagined  that  the 
Marf^chal  de  Luckner's  next  object  will  be  Ghent. 

The  command  of  the  army  in  Alsace  was  intended  to  have 
been  given  to  Mr  de  Biron,  not  to  Mr  de  Custine,  although 
that  was  generally  believed,  but  it  may  be  doubted  whether  the 
present  ministry  will  place  that  command  in  the  hands  of  an 
intimate  friend  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans. 


JUNE  20,  1792.  195 

Mr  de  la  Fayette  after  the  letters  which  he  has  written  to 
the  King  and  to  the  National  Assembly,  an  exact  printed  copy 
of  which  I  enclose,  may  be  said  to  have  past  the  Rubicon.  The 
letters  which  your  Lordship  will  sec  in  the  Logographe  from 
Mr  la  Morliere  and  Mr  de  Broglio,  shew  that  the  same  senti- 
ments actuated  the  officers  of  the  army  in  Alsace  :  it  remains  to 
be  seen  what  line  of  conduct  Mr  de  Luckner  will  take,  but  it  is 
scarcely  possible  to  suppose  that  he  will  support  the  Jacobin 
faction. 

I  have  discovered  the  reason  why  I  could  not  decipher  your 
Lordship's  dispatch  No.  22 ;  the  sixth  octavo  edition  was  con- 
sulted instead  of  the  ninth  which  is  the  one  I  received  from 
your  Lordship.  With  regard  to  any  apprehensions  that  may  be 
entertained  in  Holland  respecting  the  legion  of  Dutch  patriots, 
so  called  because  the  officers  are  of  that  country,  and  which  is 
not  yet  formed,  I  conceive  them  to  be  perfectly  ill-founded.  The 
measure  seems  to  have  been  adopted  by  the  French  Government, 
simply  as  a  means  of  raising  four-thousand  two-hundred  and 
fifty  men.  So  far  from  the  legion  being  raised  entirely  at  the 
expence  of  the  Dutch,  as  was  reported,  I  find  that  Mr  Du- 
mouriez  advanced  seven  hundred  thousand  livres  for  that 
purpose  out  of  the  six  millions  of  secret  service  money.  It  is 
remarkable  that,  of  those  six  millions,  only  nineteen  hundred 
thousand  have  been  exj^ended,  twelve  hundred  thousand  soon 
after  the  decree  and  seven  hundred  thousand  more,  just  before 
Mr  Dumouriez's  resignation. 

With  regard  to  the  Dutch  legion,  I  understand  that  recruits 
are  too  scarce,  for  it  to  be  in  any  considerable  forwardness.  It 
is  to  be  commanded  by  the  man  who  attempted  to  defend 
Amsterdam  against  the  army  of  the  Duke  of  Brunswick,  which 
circumstance  alone  will  account  for  the  apprehensions  enter- 
tained in  Holland. 


Pai:is.  Jtnir  2<?th.  17!12. 


In  consequence  of  your  Lordship's  instructions  I  delivered 
a  letter  last  Tuesday  to  Mr   Chambonas,  a  copy   of  which  1 

18—2 


196  JUNE,  1792. 

enclose.  I  had  again  mentioned  the  subject  to  Mr  Dumouriez 
a  few  days  before  he  left  the  ministry  and  I  had  received  a 
promise  from  him  that  he  would  press  Mr  Vergniaud  to  make 
the  report  without  any  further  delay.  I  have  reason  to  believe 
that  if  a  reward  had  been  promised  to  the  members  of  the  com- 
mittee, it  would  have  been  made  before  this  time. 

Considering  the  sentiments  exprest  by  Mr  de  la  Fayette  in 
his  letters  to  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  and  to  the  National 
Assembly,  your  Lordship  will  not  be  much  surprized  to  hear 
that  he  appeared  yesterday  before  the  Assembly  to  acknowledge 
himself  the  author  of  the  letters  and  to  declare  his  opinion  and 
that  of  his  army  with  regard  to  the  transactions  of  the  20th  at 
the  Thuilleries.  His  speech  which  was  totally  destitute  of  that 
eloquence  which  excites  a  popular  assembly,  had  that  effect 
which  his  friends  had  expected,  that  of  intimidating  the  Jacobin 
party. 

Among  the  many  addresses  which  have  arrived  from  the 
administrations  of  departments  in  the  neighbourhood  but  prin- 
cipally to  the  north  of  Paris  declaring  their  abhorrence  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  20th  and  their  readiness  to  support  the 
government  and  constitution  against  factions,  the  most  con- 
spicuous is  that  of  the  Somme  which  offers  the  support  of  two 
hundred  battalions  of  National  Guards.  By  observing  the 
dispositions  of  the  several  parts  of  the  kingdom,  one  is  induced 
to  allot  a  republican  form  of  government  to  that  half  of  it 
which  lies  south  of  the  Loire  and  a  monarchical  one  to  the  other 
half 

His  Most  Christian  Majesty  has  proposed  to  the  Assembly 
to  raise  forty  two  battalions  of  national  volunteers  in  order  to 
form  a  camp  between  Paris  and  the  frontiers,  in  the  neighbour- 
hood of  Soissons,  but  the  committee  to  which  that  proposal  was 
referred,  has  not  yet  made  its  report  upon  the  subject. 

By  a  report  of  the  extraordinary  committee  of  twelve,  it 
appears  that  the  deficit  in  the  regular  troops  is  only  near 
twenty  seven  thousand,  but  one  may  be  allowed  to  doubt  the 
accuracy  of  that  calculation. 

From  information  which  I  have  since  obtained  I  must 
retract  my  opinion  that  apprehensions  entertained  in  Holland 


i 


MADAME    ELIZABETH.  197 

with  regard  to  the  Dutch  legion  are  perfectly  ill-founded.  It 
was  originally  to  have  consisted  of  four  thousand  two  hundred 
and  fifty  men  but  it  is  now  to  be  augmented  to  six  thousand. 
Your  Lordship  may  rely  upon  the  authenticity  of  the  inclosed 
paper  No.  1  as  it  has  been  drawn  up  by  Mr  Abema  himself,  the 
other  I  have  also  obtained  from  good  authority. 

Mr  de  Valence,  who  was  sent  here  by  Mr  de  Luckner  to 
desire  an  additional  force  of  ten  thousand  men,  is  returned  to 
the  army  but  with  what  answer  it  is  not  known. 

The  Minister  of  the  War  Department  and  Mr  de  la  Fayette 
had  a  long  audience  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  before  the 
Levee  this  morning,  since  which  that  Minister  has  informed  the 
Assembly,  that  he  has  received  a  letter  from  Mr  Luckner  dated 
the  26th  which  from  motives  of  j)rudence  he  wishes  to  communi- 
cate to  a  committee  rather  than  to  the  Assembly.  He  at  the 
same  time  read  a  letter  from  that  general  to  His  Most  Christian 
Majesty  expressive  of  the  indignation  which  he  and  his  army 
felt  at  the  proceedings  of  the  twentieth,  and  their  admiration  of 
His  Majesty's  courage. 

Give  me  leave,  my  Lord  to  take  this  oijportunity  of  mention- 
ing what  I  am  ashamed  to  have  omitted  in  my  last  dispatch, 
but  which  was  owing  to  my  not  being  absolutely  certain  of  the 
fact,  the  magnanimity  of  Madame  Elizabeth  who  did  not  quit 
her  brother's  side  for  an  instant  during  the  whole  of  that 
inftxmous  evening,  and  whose  presence  and  dignified  behaviour 
contributed  essentially  to  keep  the  populace  in  awe.  The 
dialogue  which  your  Lordship  has  seen  between  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty  and  the  Mayor  of  Paris  past  nearly  as  it  is 
expressed  in  the  Gazette  Universelle, 

Since  Mr  de  la  Fayette  has  left  his  army  an  engagement  has 
taken  place,  in  which  according  to  the  account  read  to  the 
Assembly  the  French  have  taken  eighty  three  prisoners,  among 
which  are  five  officers,  but  the  French  accounts  are  apt  to  be  so 
erroneous  that  I  feel  always  ashamed  of  writing  them  to  your 
Lordship. 

Although  we  enjoy  perfect  trauciuillity  in  this  capital  at 
present,  we  have  reason  to  doubt  tlie  continuance  of  it,  for  it  is 
certain  that  the  members  of  the  mother  club  have  sent  pressing 


198  JUNE,  1792. 

invitations  to  the  affiliated  members,  to  assist  at  the  fete  on  the 
fourteenth  of  July. 

The  Assembly  takes  every  possible  measure  to  oblige  the 
Ministers  to  send  to  the  frontiers,  before  that  period,  the  three 
regiments  of  regulars  which  are  here  at  present. 


Paris,  Juhj  Qth,  1792. 

We  are  at  the  eve  of  a  great  crisis.  The  two  contending 
parties  must  soon  make  the  experiment  which  has  the  greatest 
force :  in  the  mean  time  both  sides  shew  signs  of  fear.  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty  expects  the  event  with  that  courage  which 
religion  is  known  to  inspire,  but  his  Ministers  seem  to  act 
Avithout  any  well  concerted  or  fixed  plan.  Mr  de  la  Fayette's 
conduct  during  his  stay  in  Paris  was  not  sufficiently  bold  and 
energetic  to  affect  the  Jacobins  with  that  degree  of  fear  which 
it  was  intended  to  have  produced,  and  it  has  only  served  to 
make  them  more  active  in  sending  for  the  assistance  of  their 
friends  from  all  parts  of  the  kingdom.  Those  friends  are  accord- 
ingly arriving  from  all  quarters,  from  Marseilles,  from  Bordeaux, 
from  Brest,  and  their  arrival  is  legalized  by  a  decree  of  the 
National  Assembly  which  has  received  the  royal  sanction.  Their 
.stay  in  Paris  according  to  that  decree,  for  which  I  refer  your 
Lordship  to  the  Logographe  No.  276  is  indeed  to  be  of  short 
duration,  but  it  will  be  long  enough  to  answer  any  sinister 
purpose.  On  the  other  hand  it  may  be  doubted  that  Mr  de  la 
Fayette  will  be  able,  if  he  should  think  it  necessary,  to  bring  his 
army  to  the  assistance  of  the  metropolis.  In  this  awfal  state  of 
suspense,  the  inhabitants  of  Paris  are  waiting  for  the  celebration 
of  the  fourteenth,  at  which  the  King  and  the  National  Assembly 
will  assist.  For  my  own  part  having  the  honour  to  represent  a 
King  universally  revered  and  beloved,  I  consider  myself  in  as 
little  danger  as  it  is  possible  to  be  in  the  anarchical  state  of 
this  country:  there  are  however  members  of  the  diplomatic 
body,  who,  not  having  the  same  cause  for  security,  exprest  to 
me  yesterday  a  desire  that  we  should  continue  assembled 
together  in  one  house  during  the  time  of  danger.     My  answer, 


APPROACH    OF   THE   MARSEILLAIS.  199 

which  I  hope  your  Lordship  will  approve,  was  that  I  should 
remain  at  my  post  which  I  considered  to  be  my  own  house,  or 
the  Palace  of  the  Thuilleries,  at  the  time  when  His  Most  Christian 
Majesty  receives  the  foreign  ministers,  and  in  fact  to  do  otherwise 
would  be  insulting  unnecessarily  the  French  nation  as  well  as 
acting  contrary  to  the  dignity  of  that  nation  whose  sovereign  I 
have  the  honor  to  represent  at  this  court. 

Your  Lordship  will  observe  that  the  Assembly  has  past  a 
decree,  which  subjects  the  Hat  major  of  all  the  corps  of  National 
Guards  belonging  to  towns  containing  50,000  souls  or  upwards 
to  be  re-elected,  by  which  means  the  prevailing  party  in  the 
Assembly  hope  to  get  rid  of  the  present  officers  of  the  National 
Guard,  at  least  of  the  greater  number  who  are  of  the  Feuillant 
party.  Another  decree  which  has  been  made  this  week  respect- 
ing the  mode  of  declaring  that  the  country  is  in  danger  is  also 
aimed  against  the  Feuillants. 

Mr  de  Joly,  formerly  Secretaire  de  la  Commv.ne  and  lately 
appointed  Secretary  of  the  Council  has  succeeded  Mr  Duranthou 
as  Minister  of  Justice. 

The  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  has  notified  this  day  to  the 
Assembly  the  march  of  the  Prussian  troops. 

I  enclose  a  copy  of  a  letter  which  I  have  received  from  Mr 
Chambonas  relative  to  Tobago  together  with  a  copy  of  another 
from  that  minister  to  ]\lr  Koch  President  of  the  Diplomatic 
Committee. 


Paris,  Julij  I'itli,  1792. 

I  congratulate  your  Lordship  most  sincerely  upon  the 
very  satisfactory  intelligence  which  has  been  received  from  the 
East  Indies. 

Nobody  was  the  dupe  of  the  feigned  coalition  which  served 
only  to  amuse  the  spectators  who  were  present  last  Saturday 
during  that  farcical  proceeding  in  the  National  Assembly. 
Perhaps  I  should  except  His  Most  Christian  Majesty,  the  good- 
ness of  whose  heart  leads  him  to  expect  good  from  quarters  and 
by  means  totally  inadequate. 

The  solemn  declaration  of  the  Assembly  that  the  country  is 


200  JULY,  1792. 

in  danger  has  had  very  little  effect  at  least  in  the  metropolis 
where  the  minds  of  the  inhabitants  are  entirely  occupied  with 
providing  lodgings  for  the  Federes  as  they  improperly  call  those 
who  are  arriving  for  the  approaching  ceremony,  and  with  the 
arrete  of  the  administration  of  the  department  which  has 
suspended  the  Mayor  and  Procureiir  de  la  Commune  on  account 
of  their  improper  conduct  with  regard  to  the  proceedings  on 
the  twentieth  of  last  month.  This  sentence  after  some  days' 
consideration  has  been  confirmed  by  the  King,  and  to-day  the 
National  Assembly  has  taken  off  the  suspension  of  Mr  Pethion, 
and  has  postponed  their  decision  on  Mr  Manuda  until  they 
shall  have  heard  his  defence. 

The  number  of  people  from  the  provinces  as  yet  arrived,  is 
not  so  great  as  was  expected ;  great  care  is  taken  to  provide 
accommodation  for  them  by  the  Jacobins,  lest  they  should  be 
influenced  by  the  Feuillants.  Mr  de  Narbonne  and  indeed 
almost  all  the  jDrincipal  general  officers  in  the  armies  of  the 
Mardchal  de  Luckner  and  Mr  de  la  Fayette  are  here. 

The  ceremony  in  the  Champ  de  Mars  will  be  similar  to 
that  at  the  federation  in  the  year  1790.  The  Assembly  will 
walk  in  procession,  but  the  King  will  go  in  his  carriage. 

I  refer  to  the  Logographe  of  this  day  for  the  minister's 
report  on  the  state  of  the  nation  :  that  part  of  it  respecting  the 
armies  is  not  to  be  relied  upon.  They  are  increasing  that  of 
the  Rhine  which  will  be  again  commanded  by  the  Mardchal  de 
Luckner  and  diminishing  the  others.  Twenty  battalions  are  to 
be  sent  to  it  from  the  southern  army,  which  will  weaken  it  so 
as  to  render  it  almost  useless.  It  will  still  however  be  sufficiently 
strong  to  take  the  Castle  of  Bannes  in  the  Department  of  the 
Ardeche  which  is  occupied  by  a  Mr  Saillant  with  a  body  of 
near  two  thousand  aristocrates  the  remains  of  the  camp  of 
Jales. 

The  plan  of  raising  a  Dutch  legion  has  been  communicated 
to  the  Assembly,  but  the  committees  to  which  it  was  referred, 
have  not  yet  made  their  report  upon  it.  The  deficit  for  the 
last  month,  including  everything,  is  in  the  usual  proportion 
above  fifty  millions. 

All  the  ministers   resigned    last   Tuesday.     They   however 


SITUATION   OF   THE   KING.  201 

continue  in  office  till  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  can  fix  upon  a 
new  ministry. 

Mr  de  Semonville,  it  is  said,  will  be  appointed  Ambassador 
to  the  Porte. 


Paris,  Juhj  20th,  1792. 

I  have  communicated  to  Mr  Chambonas  the  papers 
which  your  Lordship  has  sent  to  me  in  justification  of  the 
conduct  of  the  captain  of  the  Nemesis  and  I  make  no  doubt 
that  the  French  Minister  will  see  that  affair  in  its  true  light. 

Your  Lordship's  note  to  Mr  Chauvelin  in  answer  to  his  of 
the  18th  of  June  has  been  communicated  to  the  National 
Assembly,  it  has  had  the  effect  of  rendering  prevalent  a  notion 
that  His  Majesty  is  willing  to  act  as  mediator:  an  event 
generally  wished  for,  since  all  parties  are  sensible  of  the 
impossibility  of  resisting  the  combined  forces  of  the  Emperor 
and  the  King  of  Prussia. 

From  a  want  of  resolution  on  one  part  and  from  a  regularly 
conducted  system  on  the  other,  the  situation  of  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty  becomes  daily  more  and  more  perilous.  I 
have  reason  to  believe,  that  the  resignation  of  the  present 
ministers,  is  to  be  attributed,  when  it  came  to  the  point,  to  a 
refusal  to  retreat  from  Paris.  Notwithstanding  which,  from  the 
present  posture  of  affairs,  I  shall  not  be  surprized  if  I  have 
to  inform  your  Lordship  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty's 
arrival  at  Rouen  where  he  will  find  a  great  majority  of  the 
inhabitants  read}'-  to  support  his  cause. 

The  Jacobins  finding  that  the  three  regiments  of  regular 
troops  in  this  town,  were  not  sufficiently  indisciplined  to  be 
relied  upon  by  them,  have  contrived  that  they  should  be  sent  to 
the  frontiers.  There  remains  one  regiment  of  Swiss  which  it 
will  be  difficult  to  dispose  of  in  the  same  manner,  owing  to  the 
treaty  with  the  cantons,  and  to  tlie  sentiments  of  the  private 
soldiers,  as  well  as  of  the  officers  of  that  regiment. 

The  ministers  who  have  resigned  except  Mr  Terrier  de 
Moncicl,  continue  to  act,  as  nobody  has  yet  been  found  to  supply 


202  JULY,  1792. 

their  places  ;  that  minister  having  absolutely  refused  to  act  any- 
longer,  the  Minister  of  Justice  transacts  also  the  business  of  his 
department  jjr.  interim. 

Owing  to  French  levity  and  impatience,  Mr  de  Saillant  has 
met  with  an  untimely  end  having  neither  fallen  in  the  field  nor 
suffered  to  sustain  a  regular  trial.  Yovir  Lordship  will  see  the 
details  of  this  affair  in  the  Logographe.  By  a  decree  of  the 
Assembly,  a  number  of  National  Guards  is  to  be  raised 
sufficient  to  make  the  army  amount  to  four  hundred  and  forty 
or  fifty  thousand  men :  the  execution  of  this  decree  wall  meet 
with  innumerable  difficulties.  Of  three  thousand  federes  who 
are  arrived  here,  only  tw^o  thousand  have  entered  their  names 
for  the  camp  at  Soissons. 

Paul  Jones  died  here  on  Wednesday  night  of  a  dropsy  in 
his  breast. 

Many,  if  not  all,  of  the  administrators  of  this  deqartment 
have  resigned. 

The  Marechai  de  Luckner  is  gone  or  is  immediately  going 
to  join  his  army  at  Metz.  Mr  de  la  Fayette  is  to  command  the 
northern  army  and  Mr  de  Birou  that  of  Alsace. 

I  cannot  conclude  without  exj)ressing  to  your  Lordship  my 
happiness  that  His  Majesty  should  have  approved  of  my  conduct 
with  regard  to  the  proposition  that  was  made  to  me  by  some  of 
the  diplomatic  body. 


Paris,  Juhj  27th,  1792. 

I  inclose  for  your  Lordship's  information  a  copy  of  a 
letter  to  me  from  Mr  de  Bonchage,  the  new  Minister  of  the 
Marine,  and  also  for  Foreign  Affairs  per  interim. 

Mr  Champion  is  appointed  to  the  Interior  and  Mr  d'Aban- 
court  to  the  War  Department. 

The  measure  employed  by  the  generals  who  command  in 
Alsace  for  increasing  their  army  by  repuiring  from  the  several 
departments  in  their  neighbourhood  a  considerable  reinforce- 
ment of  National  Guards  has  been  approved  of  by  the  Assembly 
and  adopted  as  a  Wieans  of  reinforcing  the  other  armies.     In 


CONDUCT  OF  THE  fed:6r£s.  203 

consequence  of  which  and  considering  that  the  ministers  had 
been  prevailed  upon  to  detatch  only  ten  instead  of  twenty 
battalions  from  his  army,  Mr  de  Montesquiou,  for  whose 
report  I  refer  your  Lordship  to  the  Logographe  No.  299,  returns 
to-day  to  the  south.  The  committee  of  twenty-one  before 
whom  that  general  was  examined,  had  agreed  to  report  a 
project  of  a  decree  to  declare  that  the  Crown  was  forfeited,  but, 
upon  his  assuring  them,  that  not  only  every  officer  but  every 
soldier  would  oppose  them,  they  desisted :  this  sufficiently 
accounts  for  the  speech  made  by  Mr  Brissot  yesterday  in  the 
Assembly.  It  does  not  however  follow  that  from  the  abortion 
of  this  scheme,  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  is  to  be  considered 
in  a  less  dangerous  situation  than  formerly ;  I  rather  fear  the 
contrary.  I  understand  that  notwithstanding  the  opinion  of 
his  friends,  at  least  of  many  of  them,  His  Majesty  is  determined 
to  remain  at  Paris.  A  fresh  insult  was  offered  to  him  on 
Saturday  night,  by  the  Assembly  decreeing  that  a  part  of  the 
garden  of  the  Thuilleries  adjoining  to  the  Hall  of  the  Assembly, 
and  which  is  called  la  Terrace  des  Feuillants,  from  the  neigh- 
bouring church,  belongs  to  the  nation,  and  is  subject  to  the 
police  of  the  Assembly.  By  this  means  the  garden  is  open  to 
all  those  whom  the  Assembly  may  choose  to  admit,  unless  a 
wall  or  an  iron-rail  be  erected  to  separate  the  royal  from  the 
national  part  of  the  garden. 

Between  two  and  three  thousand  Federes  are  gone  to  the 
camp  at  Soissons,  but  many  still  remain  in  the  capital  and  an 
additional  number  is  expected,  especially  from  Marseilles :  those 
from  Brest  arrived  yesterday,  and  after  having  partaken  of  what 
they  choose  to  call  a  fraternal  fete-civique  on  the  ruins  of  the 
Bastille,  they  seized  upon  some  canon  in  a  neighbouring  church 
and  were  proceeding  to  the  palace,  but  Mr  Pethion  and  Mr  San- 
terre,  the  leading  man  in  the  Faubourg  St  Antoinc  harangued 
the  mob  and  dissuaded  them  from  their  wicked  purpose. 

Mr  la  Croix  having  yesterday  read  a  priwatc  letter  from 
England  by  which  ho  was  informed  that  a  very  considerable 
naval  armament  was  begun  there,  the  Assembly  decreed  that 
the  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  should  inform  them  of  such  of 
the  particulars  of  this  armament  as  were  come  to  his  knowledge; 


204  JULY,  1792. 

and  the  necessity  of  immediately  arming  thirty  ships  of  the 
line  was  mentioned.  In  the  evening  the  minister  communicated 
to  the  Assembly  a  dispatch  from  Mr  Chauvelin  which  was 
referred  to  the  committee,  and  at  the  same  time  informed  them 
that  there  was  no  serious  cause  for  alarm,  since  the  English 
fleet  of  observation  had  provisions  on  board  only  for  a  fortnight. 
To-day  Mr  Rouger  said  that  although  he  was  too  much  con- 
vinced of  the  generosity  of  the  English,  to  suppose  that  they 
intended  a  perfidious  attack  yet  being  informed  that  there 
were  two  fire  ships  in  the  English  fleet,  he  should  move  for 
further  information  upon  that  subject  from  the  Minister  for 
Foreign  Affairs. 

The  taking  of  Bavay  by  the  Austrians,  has  considerably 
deranged  the  plans  of  the  French  generals  as  it  will  cut  off  the 
communication  between  Valenciennes  and  Maubeuge.  At  the 
moment  when  I  was  going  to  dispatch  the  messenger  I  was 
informed  that  there  was  a  considerable  disturbance  in  the 
garden  of  the  Thuilleries,  I  accordingly  delayed  his  departure 
till  I  could  learn  the  particulars  of  it.  It  appears  tha,t  Mr 
D'Epresmenil  was  seen  by  the  Fed^res  walking  on  the  Terrace 
des  Feuillants.  He  was  immediately  surrounded  by  them  and 
dragged  from  thence  to  the  Palais  Royal  at  which  place  and  in 
his  way  thither  he  received  many  wounds  from  the  mob  who 
were  armed  with  sabres  and  other  weapons.  With  great  difficulty 
the  National  Guard  conveyed  him  to  the  Hotel  du  Tresor 
Royal  where  he  is  at  present  well  guarded,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
his  wounds  are  not  mortal.  The  National  Guard  are  all  under 
arms  and  there  is  a  strong  guard  at  the  Thuilleries.  The 
Assemblies  of  the  Sections  are  permanent,  their  permanence 
was  yesterday  declared  legal  by  the  National  Assembly. 


Paris,  August  3rd,  1792. 

Since  the  cruel  ill-treatment  which  Mr  D'Epresmenil 
experienced  on  the  Terrace  des  Feuillants  the  populace  who 
frequent  that  part  of  the  garden  of  the  Thuilleries  have  con- 
tented themselves  with  uttering  imprecations  against  the  royal 


THE    GARDEN    OF   THE   TUILERIES.  20') 

family  and  those  who  are  styled  aristocrates :  that  they  should 
have  refrained  from  approaching  the  palace  or  even  putting  their 
feet  on  any  other  part  of  the  garden  which  is  separated  from  the 
terrace  only  by  ribands  which  they  themselves  have  placed 
there,  is  a  singular  circumstance,  and  carries  the  appearance  of 
a  sentiment  worthy  of  a  free  people,  but  it  may  be  accounted 
for  on  other  principles  :  it  being  the  interest  of  their  leaders 
that  they  should  not  at  this  moment  offer  violence  to  the  royal 
family.  They  may  have  had  the  good  policy  to  form  this  silken 
separation,  which  strengthened  by  opinion  is  stronger  than  one 
of  stone  or  iron,  for  whoever  should  venture  to  pass  those  limits 
would  be  regarded  by  the  rest  as  an  Austrian  or  an  aristocrate 
and  treated  accordingly. 

The  ferocious  disposition  of  the  five  hundred  Federes  from 
Marseilles  was  but  too  conspicuous  on  the  very  day  of  their 
arrival :  Mr  Du  Lamel  a  young  man  of  a  good  character,  by 
trade  an  exchange  broker,  fell  a  victim  to  their  barbarity.  It 
will  be  well  for  this  town  if  they  can  be  prevailed  upon  to  join 
the  projected  camp  at  Soissons,  where  there  are  about  nine 
thousand  men  already  arrived.  It  is  to  be  commanded  by  Mr 
de  Custine,  under  whom  Mr  Servan,  the  late  minister,  is  to  have  a 
command. 

The  republican  spirit  of  the  south  has  shewn  itself  in  a  con- 
spicuous manner  in  the  arretes  of  the  Department  des  Bouches 
du  Rhone,  and  of  the  municipalities  of  Marseilles  and  Aix  which 
have  ordered  the  public  money  of  that  department  to  be  em- 
ployed in  raising  six  thousand  men  for  the  southern  army 
instead  of  being  sent  to  the  national  treasur}^:  but  the  Assembly 
has  interfered  and  informed  them  that  they  have  more  zeal  far 
than  knowledge  of  the  constitution. 

The  National  Assembly  has  decreed  that  five  hundred  and 
eighty  thousand  livres  shall  be  allowed  for  carrying  on  the 
works  at  Cherbourg,  which  it  appears  to  be  their  design  to 
complete,  so  as  not  to  be  demolisht  by  the  sea. 

A  fresh  creation  of  three  hundred  millions  has  been  decreed 
without  any  debate,  for  which  they  have  mortgaged  some 
religious  houses  not  formerly  included,  the  bishops'  palaces, 
and  scattered  parts  of  the  forest  lauds. 


20G 


AUGUST,   1792. 


The  Duke  of  Brunswick's  declaration,  which  has  not  been 
officially  notified,  has  produced  very  little  sensation  here.  The 
aristocrates  are  dissatisfied  with  it,  and  the  democrates  affect 
to  despise  it. 

We  have  reports  from  the  northern  army  that  many 
Austrians  have  deserted  and  come  over  to  them,  and  they  assert 
that  the  evacuation  of  Bavay  was  rendered  necessary  by  a  plan 
of  a  desertion  of  three  thousand  men  being  discovered  by  the 
Austrian  general.  These  reports  serve  to  keep  up  the  spirits 
of  the  Jacobins. 

Mr  Bigot  de  Sainte  Croix,  the  late  minister  at  Coblence 
and  formerly  at  Stockholm,  has,  after  mature  deliberation, 
accepted  the  Department  for  Foreign  Affairs.  He  is  esteemed  a 
man  of  abilities,  of  information,  and  what  is  essential  at  present 
of  courage. 

At  the  end  of  this  day's  Logographe,  your  Lordship  will  see 
a  curious  letter  from  the  Duke  of  Orleans  to  the  Assembly,  in 
which  he  complains  that  this  country  will  probably  cease  to  be 
benefited  by  his  services. 

In  the  inclosed  journal  of  this  evening  your  Lordship  will  see 
that  the  National  Assembly  has  refused  to  order  the  printing 
of  a  letter  from  His  Most  Christian  Majesty,  and  that  it  has 
sent  to  the  examination  of  a  committee  a  petition  presented  by 
the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  Paris  in  the  name  of  the 
forty  eight  sections  for  the  King's  destitution. 

Quo  tanta  dementia  cives  I 


Paeis,  August  ith,  1792. 

In  the  present  extremely  precarious  state  of  the  royal 
family,  I  have  been  desired  to  express  to  the  Minister  of  Foreign 
Affairs  the  sentiments  of  His  Majesty  with  regard  to  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  National  Assembly  and  the  Municipality  and 
sections  of  Paris  derogatory  to  and  attacking  the  safety  of  Their 
Most  Christian  Majesties.  I  have  declined  to  act  in  this 
business  till  I  can  receive  instructions  from  your  Lordship.  The 
person  of  Her  Most  Christian  Majesty  is  certainly  in  imminent 


AUGUST  10,  1792.  207 

danger.  On  Thursday  the  extraordinary  committee  is  to  make 
its  report  upon  the  King's  destitution.  I  wish  therefore  to 
receive  your  Lordship's  instructions  as  soon  as  possible. 


Pabis,  August  12th,  1792. 

Staley  arrived  this  morning  with  your  Lordship's  dispatch 
No.  27. 

The  inclosed  letters  will  prove  my  anxiety  to  dispatch  a 
messenger  with  an  account  of  the  late  proceedings  and  they  will 
at  the  same  time  shew  your  Lordship  the  cause  of  the  delay. 

The  Assembly  having  on  Wednesday  last  acquitted  Mr  de 
la  Fayette  of  the  several  charges  which  had  determined  their 
Commission  extraordinaire  to  propose  a  decree  of  impeachment 
against  him,  gave  rise  to  a  considerable  discontent  among  the 
people.  This  disposition  which  first  appeared  by  threats  and 
acts  of  violence  against  the  members  who  had  voted  in 
favor  of  the  general  continued  during  the  following  day,  when 
in  the  evening  they  learnt  that  the  great  question  of  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty's  deposition  fixed  for  Thursday,  had  scarcely 
been  mentioned.  The  numbers  assembled  in  the  Faubourg  St 
Antoine  increased  considerably  during  the  night  which  past  in 
the  midst  of  the  alarm  occasioned  by  the  beating  of  the  drums 
and  the  sound  of  the  tocsin,  but  without  any  accident. 

The  greatest  part  of  the  regiment  of  the  Swiss  Guards,  and 
a  considerable  body  of  National  Guards  were  placed  at  the 
Palace  of  the  Thuilleries. 

Early  on  Friday  morning,  the  people  having  first  token 
possession  of  the  arsenal  moved  towards  the  Thuilleries  with  a 
train  of  artillery :  on  their  road  they  put  to  death  several 
persons  who  had  formed  a  false  patrole.  At  ten  o'clock  the 
danger  being  imminent,  the  King  Avith  the  royal  family  left 
the  palace,  and  crossing  the  garden  by  the  advice  of  the 
members  of  the  department,  took  refuge  in  the  National 
Assembly,  in  a  room  adjoining  to  which  they  have  continued 
ever  since.  A  short  time  after  the  action  began  between  the 
people  and  the  Swiss,  who  were  left  to  guard  the  palace ;  the 


208  AUGUST,  1792. 

National  Guards  havinsf  either  retired  or  crone  over  to  the 
other  side,  a  very  sharp  fire  was  kept  tip  for  near  twenty 
minutes,  when  the  Swiss  were  overpower'd  and  ahnost  all  killed 
at  their  posts  or  in  their  flight :  the  number  of  killed  on  both 
sides  is  not  yet  known,  but  cannot  be  less  than  fifteen  hundred  : 
several  persons  of  distinction,  among  whom  was  Mr  de  Clermont 
Tonnerre  were  put  to  death  in  different  parts  of  the  town  :  the 
furniture  of  the  palace  was  destroyed  by  the  people,  and  the 
out-buildings  adjoining  to  it  are  all  burnt  to  the  ground.  The 
Assembly  having  first  declared  itself  permanent,  decreed,  in  the 
course  of  the  day,  that  the  executive  power  was  withdrawn 
from  the  King,  that  his  ministers  had  lost  the  confidence  of  the 
nation  and  that,  for  the  present,  the  government  should  be 
trusted  to  a  ministry  named  by  themselves :  that  the  primary 
assemblies  should  be  convened  for  the  twenty-sixth  of  this 
month,  to  which  all  citoyens  should  be  admitted  Avithout 
distinction  of  rank  or  property  in  order  to  appoint  a  national 
convention  to  meet  at  Paris  on  the  twentieth  of  September  to 
decide  ultimately  upon  the  forfeiture  of  the  Crown  and  the  mode 
of  establishing  an  executive  power  :  that  His  Most  Christian 
Majesty  should  be  lodged  in  some  place  of  safety  and  that  the 
civil  list  should  no  longer  be  continued. 

The  Assembly  has  named  for  Ministers,  Mr  Danton  pour  la 
Justice,  Mr  le  Brun  pour  les  Affaires  Etrangeres,  Mr  Monge 
pour  la  Marine,  Mr  Servan  ^owr  la  Guerre,  M-V  Claviere  pour  les 
Contributions,  and  Mr  Roland  pour  I'lnterieur.  Commissioners 
have  also  been  named  by  the  Assembly  and  sent  to  the  several 
armies  with  very  extensive  powers.  The  people  of  Paris  on 
their  side  have  named  a  new  Common  Council  which  has 
already  broke  the  municipality  except  Messrs  Pdthion  and 
Manuel. 

Mr  Mandat  the  late  commander  of  the  National  Guard  is  I 
believe  put  to  death,  and  they  have  given  his  place  to  Mr 
Santerre, 

The  people  having  begun  to  destroy  the  statues  of  Louis 
XIV  and  Louis  XV,  the  Assembly  by  a  decree  ordered  all  the 
statues  of  Kings  to  be  taken  down. 

The  Assembly  has  ordered  a  Court  Martial  to  be  formed  to 


LORD    GOWER    RECALLED.  200 

inquire  into  the  conduct  of  the  few  remaining  Swiss  officers 
and  soldiers  and  has  issued  a  decree  of  impeachment  against 
Mr  D'Abancourt,  the  late  Minister  of  the  War  Department,  for 
not  having  removed  the  Swiss  soldiers  from  the  capital. 


Mr  Dundas  to  Lord  Gower. 

Whitehall,  Awjust  17 tli,  1792. 

In  the  absence  of  Lord  Grenville,  I  have  received  and 
laid  before  the  King  your  Excellency's  dispatch  No.  40  % 
Morlei/. 

His  Majesty  learns  with  the  deepest  concern  the  heighth  to 
which  the  distractions  in  Paris  have  been  carried  and  the 
deplorable  consequences  to  which  they  have  led,  which  are 
doubly  affecting  to  His  Majesty  from  the  regard  which  His 
Majesty  invariably  feels  for  the  persons  of  Their  Most  Christian 
Majesties,  and  his  interest  in  their  welfare,  as  well  as  from  the 
wishes  which  he  forms  for  the  tranquillity  and  prosperity  of 
a  kingdom  with  which  he  is  in  amity. 

Under  the  present  circumstances  as  it  appears  that  the 
exercise  of  the  executive  power  has  been  withdrawn  from  His 
Most  Christian  Majesty,  the  credential  under  which  your 
Excellency  has  hitherto  acted  can  be  no  longer  available :  and 
His  Majesty  judges  it  proper,  on  this  account,  as  well  as  most 
conformable  to  the  principles  of  neutrality  which  His  Majesty 
has  hitherto  observed,  that  you  should  no  longer  remain  in 
Paris.  It  is  therefore  His  Majesty's  pleasure  that  you  shoukl 
quit  it,  and  repair  to  England,  as  soon  as  you  conveniently  can, 
after  procuring  the  necessary  passports. 

In  any  conversation  you  may  have  occasion  to  hold  previous 
to  your  departure  you  will  take  care  to  make  yovir  language 
conformable  to  the  sentiments  which  are  now  conveyed  to  you  : 
and  you  will  particularly  take  every  opportunity  of  expressing 
that,  while  His  Majesty  intends  strictly  to  adhere  to  the 
principles   of  neutrality  in  respect  to   the  settlement   of  the 

G.c.  U 


210  AUGUST,  1792. 

iuternal  government  of  France,  he  at  the  same  time  considers 
it  as  no  deviation  from  those  principles  to  manifest  by  all  the 
means  in  his  power,  his  solicitude  for  the  personal  situation  of 
Their  Most  Christian  Majesties,  and  their  royal  family ;  and 
he  earnestly  and  anxiously  hopes,  that  they  will  at  least  be 
secure  from  any  acts  of  violence  which  could  not  fail  to  produce 
one  universal  sentiment  of  indignation  through  every  country 
of  Europe. 


Lord  Gower  to  Lord  Grenville. 

Paris,  August  18th,  1792. 

Your  Lordship's  instructions  in  your  dispatch  No.  27 
were  precisely  such  as  I  expected  and  desired  to  receive,  but  I 
thought  it  my  duty  to  have  the  authority  of  such  instructions 
before  I  could  give  a  decided  answer. 

The  inclosed  newspapers  will  inform  your  Lordship,  as  fully 
as  it  is  possible  in  the  present  circumstances,  of  the  proceedings 
in  this  metropolis  ;  I  have  only  to  add  that  Their  Most  Christian 
Majesties  and  the  royal  family  are  placed  in  the  tower  of  the 
Temple,  the  only  building  in  which  the  Municipality  would 
answer  for  their  security,  and  in  order  to  render  that  still  more 
secure,  they  are  now  forming  a/osse'round  it. 

It  appears  that  the  National  Assembly  waits  to  see  what 
impression  the  papers  discovered  at  the  Tuileries  and  which 
the  new  commissioners  will  communicate  to  Mr  de  la  Fayette 
may  have  upon  his  final  plan  of  conduct. 

I  inclose  the  proces  verbal  of  the  proceedings  at  the 
English  and  Irish  seminary  and  a  letter  to  me  upon  that 
subject  from  the  commissioners  of  the  Conseil  General  de  la 
Commune. 


TREATMENT   OF   VENETIAN   AMBASSADOR.  211 

Note  from  King  George  III. 

Weymouth,  August  18th,  1792. 
4.11p.m. 

The  drafts  to  Lord  Gower  and  Mr  Lindsay  transmitted 
to  me  by  Mr  Secretary  Dundas,  which  were  drawn  up  in  conse- 
quence of  a  Cabinet  meeting,  have  my  fullest  approbation,  and 
I  perfectly  subscribe  to  his  opinion,  that  the  note  delivered  by 
Mr  Chauvelin  renders  the  measure  the  more  necessary.  I  see 
no  objection  to  the  sending  copies  of  them  to  him,  with  a  note 

acknowledging  the  receipt  of  his  note. 

G.  R. 


Lord  Gower  to  Lord  Grenville. 

Paris,  Anpust  23rd,  1792. 
Staley  the  messenger  arrived  here  early  on  Monday 
morning  Avith  Mr  Secretary  Dundas's  letter  of  the  17th  inst. 
signifying  his  Majesty's  pleasure  that  I  should  quit  Paris  and 
return  to  England  as  soon  as  the  necessary  passports  could  be 
procured.  I  lost  no  time  in  communicating  the  contents  of  the 
above  dispatch  to  Mr  Le  Brun,  the  person  appointed  Minister 
for  Foreign  Affairs  by  the  National  Assembly,  and  he  assured 
me  that  passes  should  be  ready  by  the  next  day,  Tuesday;  I 
have  however  not  yet  received  them. 

On  Tuesday  last  His  Excellency  the  Chevalier  Pisani,  Ambas- 
sador from  the  Republic  of  Venice  to  the  Most  Christian  King, 
set  out  from  hence  with  his  family  on  his  journey  to  England  : 
in  a  few  minutes  after  his  departure  his  carriages  were  surrounded 
by  the  people  and  he  was  forced  back  to  the  Hotel-de-Villc 
where  he  underwent  a  long  examination  as  to  the  cause  of  his 
quitting  Paris  in  the  present  critical  situation  of  affairs.  After 
being  detained  several  hours  he  was  permitted  to  return  to  his 
hotel,  four  commissaries  of  the  Municipality  being  ordered  to 
accompany  him  and  to  examine  his  papers,  which  they  accord- 
ingly did.  The  above  event  needs  no  comment  and  will  give 
your  Lordship  a  just  idea  of  the  present  state  of  this  unfortunate 
capital  as  well  as  of  the  strength  of  the  present  government. 

Advices  were  yesterday  received  from  the    department  of 

14— -2 


212  AUGUST,  1792. 

Ardennes  that  Mr  La  Fayette  accompanied  by  most  of  the  field 
officers  of  his  army  quitted  the  troops  under  his  command  and 
retired  on  the  19th  inst.  beyond  the  frontier. 

Yesterday  Mr  D'Afry  the  commander  of  the  late  Swiss 
guards  was  brought  to  his  trial  before  the  Haute  Cour  Nationale 
for  his  conduct  on  the  10th  inst.  and  was  acquitted. 

Mr  Montmorin  formerly  Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  and 
who  since  the  disturbances  of  the  10th  had  thought  proper  to 
hide  himself,  was  discovered  the  day  before  yesterday  in  disguise, 
was  brought  to  the  bar  of  the  National  Assembly  and  examined, 
but  nothing  of  a  criminal  nature  appearing  against  him  he  was 
discharged. 

Your  Lordship  will  see  in  the  inclosed  journals  the  proceed- 
ings of  the  National  Assembly  since  1  had  last  the  honour  of 
addressing  myself  to  you. 

As  I  am  every  hour  in  expectation  of  receiving  my  passports, 
it  is  of  course  unnecessary  for  me  to  trouble  your  Lordship  at 
present  with  a  long  letter. 


Paris,  August  27th,  1792. 
After  having  gone  through  a  number  of  forms,  perhaps 
necessary  in  the  present  circumstances,  I  am  in  hourly  expecta- 
tion of  receiving  my  final  passport  from  the  Municipality,  and  I 
hope  in  a  few  days  to  be  able  to  pay  my  respects  to  your  Lord- 
ship in  London. 


Mr  W.  Lindsay  to  Lord  Grenville. 

Pakis,  Aug.  23,  1792. 
My  Lord, 

I  received  on  Sunday  last  a  letter  of  the  17th  from 
Mr  Dundas  signifying  that  His  Majesty  judged  it  improper  for 
me  to  stay  any  longer  at  Paris  in  the  present  circumstances  and 
desiring  me  to  concert  with  Lord  Gower  the  time  and  manner 
of  my  departure  from  this  place,  and  I  have  the  honour  to 
inform  your  Lordship  that  I  am  quite  ready  to  return  to 
England  aud  only  wait  for  the  necessary  passports  to  set  out. 


ESTABLISHMENT   OF   PROVISIOXAL   GOVERNMENT.  21-3 


Paris,  Aug.  27,  1792. 
My  Lord, 

Although  Lord  Gower  has  not  yet  been  able  to  procure  a 
passport  he  is  in  expectation  of  receiving  one  every  hour,  and 
as  his  Excellency  has  directed  me  to  remain  two  or  three  days 
at  Paris  after  his  departure,  I  think  it  my  duty  to  address 
myself  to  your  Lordship,  as  well  to  keep  up  the  regularity  of 
the  correspondence,  as  to  send  as  much  information  as  has 
come  to  my  knowledge  since  the  post  of  Thursday  last.  I  have 
the  pleasure  to  assure  your  Lordship  that  the  wise  and  dignified 
sentiments  set  forth  in  the  dispatch  of  which  Lord  Gower  gave 
in  a  copy  to  the  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  a  few  days  ago  on 
the  subject  of  the  system  of  strict  neutrality  adopted  by  His 
Majesty  and  his  confidential  servants  with  respect  to  this 
country  have  had  every  good  effect  that  could  be  expected  from 
them,  and  the  recall  of  the  English  mission  from  Paris  in  the 
present  circumstances  is  considered  rather  as  the  necessary 
consequence  of  the  above  mentioned  system  of  neutrality  than 
as  the  forerunner  of  hostility. 

The  situation  of  Paris  is  more  quiet  than  could  be  expected 
after  the  late  violent  convulsion ;  and  as  the  people  are  all 
armed  and  the  Government  extremely  feeble,  the  present  tran- 
quillity of  the  town  is  a  strong  proof  of  how  much  pains  must 
have  been  taken  to  instigate  the  multitude  to  the  unwarrant- 
able proceedings  of  the  20th  of  June  and  10th  of  August.  The 
Jacobins  seem  to  have  gone  farther  than  they  at  first  intended, 
and  not  to  have  foreseen  that  the  mob,  the  instrument  with 
which  they  overturned  the  old  government,  was  likely  soon  to 
become  formidable  to  themselves ;  the  Assembly  itself  being 
now  a  good  deal  under  the  influence  of  the  rabble ;  for  though 
the  six  ministers  form  what  is  called  a  conseil  executif  provisoire, 
the  real  power  is  transferred  to  the  Municipality  and  different 
sections  of  Paris,  The  Municipality  has  been  entirely  occupied 
since  the  10th  in  collecting  as  much  evidence  and  as  many 
proofs  as  possible  to  inculpate  the  conduct  of  Their  Most 
Christian  Majesties.  For  this  purpose  every  suspected  house  has 
been  searched  and  seals  put  on  all  papers  belonging  to   the 


214  AUGUST,  1792. 

emigrants  or  their  relations ;  many  hundred  people  connected 
with  the  court  and  the  aristocracy  have  been  thrown  into  prison, 
and  two  or  three  of  the  most  obnoxious  have  been  executed.  It 
is  generally  thought  that  Her  Most  Christian  Majesty  will  be 
brought  to  her  trial  in  the  course  of  a  few  days,  and  your  Lord- 
ship must  not  be  surprised  at  hearing  the  most  disagreeable 
account  on  her  subject;  for  she  is  regarded  as  the  cause  of  all 
the  late  misfortunes  and  is  held  in  such  general  detestation 
that  hardly  anybody  will  be  bold  enough  not  to  find  her 
guilty. 

It  being  contrary  to  the  Constitution  to  try  the  Most 
Christian  King,  the  fate  of  that  unfortunate  monarch  will 
probably  be  left  undecided  by  the  present  Assembly ;  but  the 
people  will  take  effectual  care  that  nothing  shall  divert  the 
attention  of  the  new  Legislature  from  concluding  the  great 
business  of  the  King  immediately  after  it  meets.  It  is  supposed 
that  His  Majesty  will  at  least  be  confined  for  life,  his  family 
excluded  from  the  throne,  and  the  new  Government  assume  the 
form  of  a  republic.  The  Primary  Assemblies  (where  every 
individual  except  servants  has  a  vote)  met  yesterday  to  choose 
the  electors.  These  are  to  elect  the  deputies  next  Sunday  and 
the  Convention  is  to  meet  at  Paris  on  the  Tuesday  sennight 
following  for  the  dispatch  of  business.  Almost  all  the  members 
of  the  late  and  present  Assemblies  who  have  distinguished  them- 
selves by  espousing  the  cause  of  the  people  in  opposition  to  the 
court  and  the  aristocracy  are  likely  to  obtain  seats  in  the 
Convention  National. 

Your  Lordship  will  be  surprised  that  these  measures  should 
be  carrying  on  at  a  time  when  a  great  and  formidable  army 
commanded  by  the  ablest  general  in  the  world  is  penetrating 
the  country ;  it  is  however  equally  true  and  unaccountable  that 
the  approach  of  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  does  not  excite  that 
alarm  which  might  be  expected.  The  public  declarations  of  His 
Serene  Highness  have  only  served  to  irritate,  and  nothing  can 
exceed  the  unanimity  and  confidence  which  prevails  through 
the  country.  As  to  any  party  which  might  second  the  views 
and  facilitate  the  operations  of  the  combined  armies,  I  have 
reason  to  believe  that  if  any  does  exist  it  is  too  insignificant 


CAPTURE   OF   LONGWV.  215 

both  in  numbers  and  power  (except  perhaps  just  on  the  frontier) 
to  merit  attention.  It  is  thought  that  if  the  Duke  of  Bruns- 
wick winters  in  France,  his  army  will  be  enervated  and  lose  its 
discipline,  and  if  he  returns  to  the  frontier  he  will  be  obliged  to 
begin  everything  again  on  the  opening  of  a  second  campaign. 
They  say  it  is  very  possible  he  may  penetrate  to  and  conquer 
Paris,  but  in  that  case  the  Convention  will  remove  to  the  south, 
where  the  enemy  will  find  much  difficulty  in  following  them.  I 
have  reason  to  believe,  my  Lord,  that  these  are  the  sentiments 
of  the  ablest  people  and  of  those  who  have  at  present  the  most 
influence  in  this  country.  I  regret  much  not  being  able  to  write 
to  your  Lordship  in  cypher,  as  the  present  circumstances  afford 
much  curious  and  interesting  matter  which  prudence  forbids  me 
to  commit  to  the  common  post. 

Your  Lordship  will  perhaps  be  surprised  at  Lord  Gower's 
being  detained  so  long  after  he  has  received  his  orders  to  quit 
Paris,  but  it  would  be  ridiculous  to  talk  of  dignity  or  even  of 
propriety  to  the  present  Government  in  the  present  circum- 
stances unless  in  obedience  to  particular  orders  from  your  Lord- 
ship. A  report  prevailed  the  day  before  yesterday  that  Longwy 
had  surrendered  to  his  Parisian  Majesty's  arms,  no  official 
account  however  of  that  event  is  yet  received  at  Paris. 

It  is  also  rumoured  that  Mr  Bartelemi  is  imprisoned  by  the 
Swiss  Government  on  account  of  the  affair  of  the  10th  inst. 


Paris,  August  2dth,  1792. 
My  Lord, 

His  Excellency  Earl  Gower  set  out  on  Tuesday  morning 
with  part  of  his  family  on  his  return  to  England.  I  have  not 
yet  been  able  to  obtain  my  passport  but  am  in  expectation  of 
receiving  it  every  hour. 

An  authentic  account  of  the  surrender  of  Longwy  having 
appeared  in  the  Bruxelles  Gazette,  which  arrived  here  on 
Monday  last,  the  event  could  of  course  be  no  longer  kept  secret, 
and  your  Lordship  may  judge  of  the  impression  it  has  made  on 
the  public  mind,  by  the  conduct  of  the  National  Assembly,  who, 
immediately  after  receiving  the  intelligence,  came  to  a  Decree 


21G  AUGUST,  1792. 

"  que  les  dangers  de  la  Patrie  s'accroissent  ",  and  that  30,000  men 
be  forthwith  raised  in  Paris  and  its  environs,  to  reinforce  the 
army. 

Some  orders  which  were  lately  given  by  this  Government  for 
arms  from  England  and  Holland  not  having  been  executed,  the 
scarcity,  particularly  of  musquets,  is  so  great,  that  yesterday 
evening  the  Minister  of  Justice,  Mr  Danton,  applied,  in  the 
name  of  the  Executive  Power,  to  the  National  Assembly  for 
leave  immediately  to  authorise  the  different  Municipalities  to 
search  every  private  house  through  the  kingdom  and  seize 
upon  all  arms,  horses,  waggons,  and  in  general  upon  whatever 
property  be  judged  in  the  present  exigence  useful  to  the  public 
service.  He  prefaced  his  speech  by  stating  the  alarming 
situation  of  the  country  which  called  for  the  most  vigorous 
exertions,  and  seemed  to  intimate  that  in  his  opinion  the 
public  danger  was  much  greater  than  generally  imagined. 
After  a  short  discussion  the  proposition  of  the  minister  was 
agreed  to  and  decreed. 

Preparations  are  carrying  on  to  fortify  the  hill  of  Mont- 
martre  which  commands  most  of  the  town  of  Paris,  and  a  camp 
is  marked  out  extending  from  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  all  round  the 
north  part  of  the  town.  The  accounts  of  the  combined  armies 
are  so  vague  and  contradictory  that  it  would  be  impertinent  in 
me  to  mention  them  but  as  mere  reports  to  your  Lordship  who 
must  be  so  much  better  informed  from  other  quarters.  It  was 
rumoured  yesterday  that  some  of  the  Prussian  Cavalry  had  been 
seen  in  the  neighbourhood  of  St  Menehoud  (nearly  half  way 
between  the  frontier  and  Paris).  I  rather  think  however,  not- 
withstanding the  rapidity  of  the  Prussian  motions,  that  they 
cannot  yet  have  penetrated  so  far ;  having  a  large  river  to  pass,  and 
no  accounts  of  the  capture  either  of  Thionville,  Metz,  or  Verdun, 
being  yet  arrived;  though  from  the  tenour  of  the  Minister's 
speech  last  night  in  the  National  Assembly  (which  I  heard 
delivered)  and  from  the  strong  colours  in  which  he  painted 
the  public  danger,  I  am  inclined  to  think  he  knew  of  worse 
news  than  he  dared  mention.  It  is  in  contemplation  to  form  a 
camp  between  Meaux  and  Chalons  which  is  to  be  commanded 
by  Marshal  Luckner,  while  General   Kellerman  is  left  on  the 


PREPARATIONS   FOR   INVADING   NETHERLANDS   AND   SAVOY.    2l7 

frontier.  Mr  Du  Mouriez  is  said  to  have  orders  to  penetrate 
into  the  Netherlands  towards  Bruxelles,  on  the  principle,  that 
Rome  acted  wisely  in  carrying  the  war  to  the  gates  of  Carthage 
whilst  Hannibal  was  at  her  own  door.  I  am  also  assured  that 
Mr  de  Montesquiou  has  been  directed  to  enter  Savoy,  which 
province  is  supposed  to  be  very  disaffected  to  its  present 
sovereign,  and  likely  to  become  an  easy  convert  to  the  cause  of 
liberty  and  equality.  Mr  de  Montesquiou  has  about  42,000 
troops  of  the  line  under  his  command,  but  as  they  are  dispersed 
in  the  different  garrisons  along  the  South  and  South-east 
frontier,  he  cannot  easily  or  quickly  collect  above  12  or  15,000 
men. 

In  addition  to  what  I  had  the  honour  to  state  in  my  last  on 
the  insignificancy  of  any  party  in  the  interiour  of  France  likely 
to  co-operate  with  or  facilitate  the  progress  of  the  Duke  of 
Brunswick  I  must  observe  that  since  the  revolution  in  1789 
the  political  sentiments  of  almost  every  individual  are  pretty 
generally  known,  and  the  best  informed  people  agree  that 
almost  all  the  aristocrats  or  friends  to  the  old  despotic  form  of 
government  are  either  out  of  the  kingdom  or  are  with  the 
Princes,  and  do  not  amount  altogether  to  above  50,000.  But, 
my  Lord,  notwithstanding  this  appearance  of  unanimity  such  is 
the  levity  of  disposition  of  the  people  of  this  country  that  it  is 
impossible  to  judge  what  effect  a  rapid  progress  of  the  combined 
armies  might  have  on  the  public  opinion  and  conduct.  With 
respect  to  the  National  Convention  about  to  assemble,  the 
election  of  the  deputies  is  carried  on  precisely  in  the  same 
manner  as  that  of  the  late  Assembly,  except  that  the  right  of 
voting  which  was  confined  to  the  citoyens  actifs  is  now 
extended  to  every  individual  indiscriminately,  servants  excepted. 
This  mode  is  thought  to  be  more  perfect  as  being  more  compre- 
hensive, and  persons  en  etat  de  domesticiU  are  excluded  only 
because  their  suffrages  might  be  supposed  to  be  influenced  by 
the  people  whose  wages  they  receive.  The  only  material 
alterations  which  will  probably  be  made  in  the  Constitution  by 
the  National  Convention  are  1"  the  abolition  of  the  twenty-five 
millions  now  allotted  to  the  Civil  List,  and  2°,  the  transferring 
the  executive  power  from  the  King  to  the  Conseil  du  pouvoir 


218  AUGUST,  1792. 

executif  consisting  of  the  six  Ministers  wlio  are  to  be  respon- 
sible to  the  nation  for  their  conduct.  Paris  is  at  present  fixed 
upon  for  the  meeting  of  the  National  Convention,  but  if  the 
enemy  should  approach  too  near  they  will  remove  to  Tours  or 
Bourdeaux, 

In  the  course  of  the  present  week  the  National  Assembly 
has  decreed  the  suppression  of  all  feudal  rights.  I  don't  know 
if  Lord  Gower  mentioned  to  your  Lordship  that  a  person  of  the 
name  of  Noel,  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  Foreign  Affairs,  is  about  to 
be  sent  to  England  with  a  commission  similar  to  that  lately 
entrusted  to  Mr  de  Talleyrand. 

The  Dutch  ambassador  Mr  de  Berkenrod  has  received  orders 
from  T.  T  :  H.  H :  M.  M :  similar  to  those  lately  sent  to  Lord 
Gower,  and  His  Excellency  intends,  I  believe,  to  apply  to-morrow 
for  the  necessary  passport  to  enable  him  to  quit  Paris.  Mr 
Morris,  Minister  from  the  United  States  of  America  to  the  Most 
Christian  King,  had  a  meeting  this  morning  with  the  French 
ministers  on  the  subject  of  some  money  owing  by  America  to 
France,  but  as  he  has  no  credentials  to  the  new  executive  power 
he  of  course  refused  to  enter  into  any  negociation  with  them 
until  he  should  be  more  fully  acquainted  with  the  sentiments 
of  his  superiours  on  the  new  order  of  things  established  here 
since  the  10th.  I  have  the  pleasure  to  assure  your  Lordship 
that  Their  Most  Christian  Majesties  and  the  rest  of  the  Royal 
Family  are  in  as  good  a  state  of  health  and  spirits  as  can  be 
expected  in  their  present  unfortunate  situation.  In  reading 
this  letter  I  must  intreat  your  Lordship  to  make  allowances  as 
well  for  the  shortness  of  my  residence  at  this  Capital  as  for  the 
difficulty,  in  the  present  state  of  confusion,  of  sifting  out  any 
thing  like  truth  from  amidst  the  variety  of  contradictory  and 
exaggerated  accounts  continually  in  circulation. 


Paeis,  August  'dOtJi,   1792. 

My  Lord, 

The  confusion  in  this  unfortunate  city  increases  daily ; 
an  insurrection  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  Fauxbourgs  was  ex- 
pected yesterday  evening,  but  the  whole  body  of  the  National 


LIBERTY    AND    EQUALITY.  219 

Guard  being  under  arms  all  night  in  order  to  execute  the 
Decree  for  searching  private  houses  for  arms  &c.  no  material 
disturbance  took  place.  The  Assembly  and  the  Municipality, 
jealous  of  each  others'  powers,  are  at  variance,  and  the  Jacobins 
have  quarrelled  among  themselves.  A  decree  having  passed  the 
day  before  yesterday  that  the  barriers  of  Paris  should  be  thrown 
open  and  a  free  communication  be  reestablished  through  the 
interiour  of  the  kingdom,  which  has  been  interrupted  since 
the  10th  by  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  passports  and  the 
impossibility  of  travelling  without  them,  two  or  three  of  the 
leading  demagogues  who  are  afraid  of  not  being  elected  to  the 
Convention  if  the  Assembly  should  change  its  present  quarters, 
and  who  wish  to  exclude  some  of  the  moderate  people  such  as 
Messrs  Condorcet,  Kersaint  &c.  from  being  reelected,  have  made 
the  people  believe  that  the  measure  of  opening  the  barriers  is 
only  a  pretext  to  enable  the  Assembly  and  deputies  to  fly  from 
Paris  to  the  south  and  make  a  bargain  with  the  enemy  in  case 
circumstances  should  render  such  a  conduct  necessary  to  their 
own  safety.  In  this  persuasion  many  of  the  Fdder^s  are  averse 
to  leave  Paris  or  join  the  army  notwithstanding  the  urgency  of 
the  moment.  The  Assembly  may  be  regarded  as  in  a  sort  of 
imprisonment  and  the  Convention  will  soon  be  in  a  similar 
situation  if  it  should  meet  in  this  capital.  In  order  that  your 
Lordship  may  be  enabled  to  judge  of  the  language,  sentiments 
and  conduct  of  the  men  of  the  people  in  this  country  I  have  the 
honour  to  inclose  an  account  of  a  speech  delivered  a  few  days 
ago  in  the  Jacobin  Club.  All  the  83  departments  have  now 
sworn  to  adhere  to  the  new  order  of  things  and  support  what  is 
called  Liberty  and  Equalit}'. 

I  am  in  hopes  of  obtaining  my  passport  this  evening  and 
of  proceeding  on  my  journey  to  England  in  the  course  of 
to-morrow. 


Paris,  AiKiui^t  Mst,  \1[Y1. 


My  Lord, 

I    had   the    honour   to    mention    in    my    last    that    the 
Assembly  and  the  Municipality  of  Paris  were  at  variance  in  conse- 


220  AUGUST,  1792. 

quence  of  the  latter  having  arrogated  to  themselves  more  power 
than  is  allowed  them  by  the  constitution,  and  having  acted  in 
open  defiance  to  the  orders  of  the  Legislative  and  Executive 
Power  in  many  instances,  but  particularly  in  having  stopped  for 
several  hours  the  business  of  the  War  office  under  pretence  of 
searching  for  some  suspected  people  supposed  to  have  been 
concealed  in  the  house  of  the  War  Minister.  Yesterday  evening 
the  quarrel  between  them  was  brought  to  a  sort  of  crisis  by  a 
vigorous  determination  and  decree  of  the  Assembly  to  break 
the  commissaries  of  the  Municipality  and  to  order  them  to 
appear  at  the  bar  and  answer  for  their  conduct.  This  decree 
was  no  sooner  announced  to  the  public,  than  addresses  were 
sent  from  most  of  the  sections  of  Paris  to  the  Municipality, 
expressing  their  approbation  of  the  conduct  of  those  who  had 
incurred  the  displeasure  of  the  legislature,  swearing  adherence 
to  the  municipal  officers,  and  obedience  to  their  commands.  The 
Municipality  thought  proper  however  to  obey  the  orders  of  the 
Assembly,  and,  attended  by  a  great  concourse  of  people,  ap- 
peared this  morning,  with  Mr  Pethion  at  their  head  at  the  bar, 
where  after  reading  a  long  justification  of  their  conduct,  they 
informed  the  Assembly,  that  as  the  Municipality  enjoyed  the 
confidence  of  the  people,  who  had  sanctioned  all  its  proceedings 
by  the  more  general  approbation,  they  desired  the  Legislature  to 
reflect  whether  it  would  not  be  more  prudent  in  them  to 
reconsider  the  decree  passed  yesterday.  The  President  of  the 
Assembly  in  his  answer  to  them  made  use  of  the  most  con- 
ciliatory language,  represented  to  them  the  fatal  effects  which 
must  ensue  from  the  continuation  of  any  misunderstanding  in 
the  present  moment,  between  the  Legislature  and  the  Munici- 
pality, and  told  them  that  the  very  existence  of  the  country 
depended  upon  the  unanimity  of  the  different  members  of  the 
Government.  He  promised,  however,  that  their  case  should  be 
taken  into  immediate  consideration  and  exhorted  them  to  obey 
whatever  the  Assembly  in  its  wisdom  might  judge  right.  The 
affair  has,  I  understand,  been  made  up  within  these  two  hours, 
the  Municipality  has  been  persuaded  to  give  way,  in  conse- 
quence of  Mr  Pdthion  having  exerted  all  his  influence  to  bring 
his  fellow  citizens  to  reason,  and   the   sections  are  now  pro- 


I 


M.   DE   MONTMORIN.  221 

ceeding  to  elect  new  commissaries  according  to  the  decree  of 
the  National  Assembly. 

Mr  de  Montmorin  late  governor  of  Fontainebleau  was 
yesterday  acquitted  of  some  charges  brought  against  him  for 
his  conduct  on  the  10th.  He  is  however  still  detained  in  prison. 
Mr  de  Montmorin  the  Ex-Minister  for  Foreign  Affairs  was 
yesterday  decrete  d'accusatioji  on  account  of  his  behaviour 
during  his  Ministry,  and  is  now  in  the  prison  of  the  Abbaye. 
A  report  prevailed  last  night  that  Longwy  had  been  retaken ;  I 
only  mention  it  to  your  Lordship  lest  you  should  hear  it  from 
other  quarters,  as  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  the  rejiort  is 
unfounded  and  is  circulated  by  the  Government  merely  to 
keep  up  the  spirits  of  the  people.  An  account  is  arrived  that 
d'Etain,  a  small  fortified  place  near  Verdun,  surrendered  to  forty 
Prussian  Hussars.  It  is  not  thought  Verdun  can  make  much 
resistance,  being  a  place  of  little  natural  strength,  and  its 
fortifications  in  very  bad  order;  from  thence  to  Paris  the 
country  is  quite  open. 

A  new  marriage  law  was  decreed  yesterday  by  which  divorces 
are  allowed  of,  nearly  in  the  same  manner  as  in  Switzerland  and 
Poland,  on  the  mutual  consent  of  the  husband  and  wife. 

A  courier  arrived  this  morning  from  Mr  de  Biron,  who 
commands  near  Strasburg,  with  intelligence  that  everything 
was  quiet  in  that  neighbourhood.  Madame  de  Tarente,  Dame 
d'honneur  to  Her  Most  Christian  Majesty,  was  arrested  yester- 
day, and  taken  to  the  prison  of  the  Abbaye.  She  has  been 
several  times  strictly  examined,  and  as  she  was  known  to  be 
much  in  the  confidence  of  Her  M.  C.  M.  the  High  Court  arc  in 
hopes  that  something  which  may  drop  from  her  may  tend  to 
criminate  her  Royal  Mistress. 


Pakis,  September  '2)ul,  1792. 
My  Lord, 

I  have  reason  to  believe  that  my  being  detained  so  long 
in  expectation  of  receiving  a  passport  does  not  proceed  from 
any  wish  or  intention  of  the  people  in  power  here  to  insult  tlir 


222  SEPTEMBER,    1702. 

English  Mission,  but  is  merely  in  consequence  of  the  late 
quarrel  between  the  Assembly  and  the  Municipality  which  of 
course  suspended  for  a  time  all  intercourse  between  them,  and 
it  is  necessary  according  to  a  late  decree  of  the  Assembly  that 
all  passports  given  by  the  Executive  power  should  be  revised  at 
the  Municipality  before  they  can  be  of  any  use.  As,  however,  it 
is  now  near  a  fortnight,  since,  in  consequence  of  your  Lordship's 
directions,  I  made  my  first  application  to  Mr  Le  Brun  for 
a  passport,  and  as  I  have  taken  care  to  remind  that  Minister 
every  two  or  three  days  that  my  orders  to  leave  Paris  were  as 
precise  as  possible,  and  as  I  have  as  yet  obtained  no  satisfactory 
answer  on  the  subject,  I  thought  proper  to  write  to  Mr  Le 
Brun  a  letter  of  which  the  inclosed  is  a  copy. 

I  likewise  inclose  a  letter  I  have  just  received  from  Lord 
Kerry,  and  have  only  to  observe  on  it  that  there  are  many 
English  here  at  present  in  a  situation  similar  to  that  of  his 
Lordship. 

Li  case  I  should  receive  no  answer  from  the  Minister  for 
Foreign  Affairs  I  humbly  intreat  your  Lordship  would  be 
pleased  to  send  me  orders  how  to  conduct  myself;  whether  it 
would  be  right  to  remain  cjuiet  at  a  time  when  the  Government 
is  so  disorganized  that  it  would  be  ridiculous  to  talk  of  justice, 
propriety  or  the  Droits  des  Gens,  or  whether  it  would  be 
expedient  for  me  to  take  any  step  either  with  respect  to  myself 
or  the  rest  of  the  English  who  cannot  obtain  passports.  While 
I  am  writing,  my  Lord,  the  alarm  guns  are  firing,  the  Tocsin 
is  ringing,  and  drums  beating  to  arms  all  over  the  town.  I 
understand  that  a  courier  is  j  ust  arrived  who  brings  an  account 
that  the  Prussians  are  near  Chalons.  I  fancy  however  that  the 
whole  truth  is  not  made  public  but  that  the  enemy  is  much 
nearer. 

This  event  will  probably  occasion  so  much  confusion  that  I 
shall  not  obtain  my  passport  for  some  time  longer. 


SEPTEMBER  MASSACRES. 


Paris,  September  3rd,  17'J2. 

My  Lord, 

I  had  the  honour  to  mention  in  my  last  letter  that  a 
courier  arrived  here  yesterday  afternoon  with  an  account  that 
the  Prussians  were  some  leagues  on  this  side  Verdun.  Imme- 
diately on  receiving  this  intelligence  the  National  Assembly 
decreed  that  as  universal  an  alarm  as  possible  should  be  spread 
through  the  whole  country  in  order  that  no  time  might  be  lost  in 
preparing  for  the  general  defence  ;  in  consequence  however  of 
the  fermentation  excited  in  Paris  by  the  sounding  the  Tocsin, 
firing  the  alarm  guns  and  beating  to  arms,  the  peoj)le  assembled 
in  different  parts  of  the  town  in  a  very  tumultuous  manner, 
and  at  about  seven  o'clock  in  the  evening  surrounded  the 
church  called  I'Eglise  des  Carmes,  where  about  160  Priests  7ion 
sermentes,  and  taken  into  custody  since  the  10th,  were  confined. 
These  unfortunate  people  fell  victims  to  the  fury  of  the  enraged 
populace  and  were  massacred  with  circumstances  of  barbarity 
too  shocking  to  describe.  The  mob  went  afterwards  to  the 
prison  of  the  Abbaye,  and  having  demanded  of  the  jailors  a  list 
of  the  prisoners  they  put  aside  such  as  were  confined  only  for 
debt,  and  pulled  to  pieces  most  of  the  others.  The  same  cruelties 
were  committed  during  the  ni^jht  and  continue  this  morninof  in 
all  the  other  prisons  of  the  town.  When  they  have  satiated 
their  vengeance,  which  is  principally  directed  against  the  re- 
fractory Priests,  and  those  who  were  concerned  in  the  affair  of 
the  10th,  it  is  to  be  hoped  the  tumult  will  subside,  but  as  the 
multitude  are  perfectly  masters,  everything  is  to  be  dreaded. 
The  Assembly  deputed  some  of  its  most  popular  and  must 
eloquent  members  to  endeavour  to  bring  the  people  to  reason 
and  a  sense  of  their  duty.  These  gentlemen  escaped  being 
insulted  but  were  not  listened  to.  The  Royal  Family  were  all 
safe  and  well  late  last  night.  It  is  impossible  to  describe  to 
your  Lordship  the  confusion  and  consternation  which  at  present 
prevails  here.  The  Prussians  are  advancing  rapidly,  they  have 
already  cut  off  the  communication  between  the  armies  of  Messrs 


22-i 


SEPTEMBER,    1792. 


Luckner  and  Dumouriez  ;  and  intelligence  is  just  arrived  that 
a  detachment  of  2000  men  lately  sent  from  hence  to  reinforce 
V^erdun  is  fallen  into  the  enemy's  hands. 

P.S.  It  is  confidently  reported  that  Mesdames  de  Lamballe, 
de  Tourzelle  and  de  Tarente  were  among  those  who  fell  victims 
to  the  popular  fury,  and  the  number  of  people  already  mas- 
sacred are  said  to  amount  to  four  thousand.  I  have  received  no 
answer  from  Mr  Le  Brun. 


George  Monro  to  Lord  Grenville. 

September  ith,  1792. 

About  one  o'clock  on  Sunday  fore-noon  three  signal 
guns  were  fired,  the  Tocsin  was  rung,  and  one  of  the  Munici- 
pality on  horseback  proclaimed  in  different  parts  of  the  city, 
that  the  enemy  was  at  the  gates,  Verdun  was  besieged,  and 
could  only  hold  out  a  few  days.  The  inhabitants  were  therefore 
ordered  to  assemble  in  their  respective  sections,  and  from  thence 
to  march  to  the  Champ  de  Mars,  where  they  were  to  select  an 
army  of  sixty  thousand  men. 

The  first  part  of  this  proclamation  was  put  in  execution, 
but  the  second  was  totally  neglected  ;  for  I  went  to  the  Champ 
de  Mars  myself  where  I  only  saw  M.  Pethion,  who  on  finding  no 
one  there  returned  home.  During  the  time  the  officer  of  the 
Municipality  was  making  the  proclamation,  two  others  attended 
at  the  bar  of  the  National  Assembly  to  acquaint  them  with  the 
steps  that  had  been  taken  by  the  direction  of  the  Conseil  de  la 
Commune.  The  Assembly  applauded  their  conduct,  and  imme- 
diately passed  a  decree,  directing  that  those  who  refused  their 
arms  to  those  that  wished  to  serve,  or  objected  serving  them- 
selves, should  be  deemed  traitors  and  worthy  of  death,  that  all 
horses  of  luxury  should  be  seized  for  the  use  of  the  army,  and 
that  those  who  refused  to  obey  the  orders  of  the  present 
executive  power  should  be  punished  with  death.  It  concluded 
by  decreeing  that  twelve  members  of  the  National  Assembly 
should  be  added  to  the  other  six  that  at  present  compose  the 
executive  power.  As  soon  as  these  decrees  were  passed,  the 
carriages  and  horses  of  gentlemen  were  seized  in  the  streets 
(agreeable  to  the  spirit  of  the  decree).  Their  owners  were  obliged 
to  walk  home,  and  the  horses  in  general  were  sent  to  the  Ecole 
Militaire,  and  the  carriages  were  put  under  the  care  of  different 
guards.  The  proceedings  with  the  beating  of  drums,  firing  of 
cannon,  and  the  marching  up  and  down  of  armed  men  of 
course  created  no  little  agitation  in  the  minds  of  the  people. 
That  however  was  nothing  to  the  scene  of  horror  that  ensued 
soon  after.  A  party  at  the  instigation  of  some  one  or  other 
G.  c.  15 


220  SEPTEMBER,    1792. 

declared  they  would  not  quit  Paris,  as  long  as  the  prisons  were 
filled  with  Traitors  (for  they  called  those  so,  that  were  confined 
in  the  different  Prisons  and  Churches),  who  might  in  the 
absence  of  such  a  number  of  Citizens  rise  and  not  only  effect 
the  release  of  His  Majesty,  but  make  an  entire  counter-revo- 
lution. To  prevent  this,  a  large  body  of  sans-culottes  attended 
by  a  number  of  Marseillais  and  Brestois,  the  hired  assassins  of  a 
Party,  proceeded  to  the  Church  de  Carmes,  rue  de  Vaugirard, 
where  amidst  the  acclamations  of  a  savage  mob  they  massacred 
a  number  of  refractory  Priests,  all  the  Vicaires  de  Saint  Sulpice, 
the  directors  of  the  Seminaries,  and  the  Doctors  of  the  Sorbonne, 
with  the  ci-devant  Archbishop  of  Aries,  and  a  number  of 
others,  exceeding  in  all  one  hundred  and  seventy,  including 
those  that  had  been  confined  there  since  the  tenth.  After  this 
they  proceeded  to  the  Abbaye,  where  they  massacred  a  vast 
number  of  prisoners,  amongst  whom  were  also  many  respectable 
characters.  These  executioners  increasing  in  number,  different 
detachments  were  sent  to  the  Chatelet,  the  j^rison  de  la  Force, 
de  S'®  Pelagic,  and  the  prisons  of  the  Conciergerie.  At  all 
these  places  a  most  horrid  massacre  took  place,  none  were 
exempted  but  debtors,  and  many  of  these  fell  victims  to  the 
fury  of  the  people.  During  this  sad  scene,  the  more  humane, 
which  were  but  few  in  number,  hurried  to  the  National  Assembly 
to  obtain  their  interference  for  stopping  such  melancholy 
outrages.  They  immediately  decreed  that  six  of  their  members 
should  go  and  see  if  it  was  possible  to  prevent  such  cruelties. 
With  difficulty  these  members  arrived  at  the  Abbaye  ;  when 
there,  one  of  them  got  upon  a  chair  to  harangue  the  people, 
but  neither  he  nor  the  others  could  make  themselves  heard,  and 
with  some  risk,  they  made  their  escape.  Many  of  the  Munici- 
pality attended  at  the  different  prisons,  and  endeavoured  to 
quell  the  fury  of  the  people,  but  all  in  vain  ;  they  therefore 
proposed  to  the  mob  a  plan  of  establishing  a  kind  of  Court  of 
justice  in  the  prisons,  for  the  immediate  trial  of  the  remaining 
offenders.  They  caught  at  this,  and  two  of  the  Municipality 
with  a  detachment  of  the  mob,  about  two  on  Monday  morning, 
began  this  strange  Court  of  justice.  The  gaoler's  list  was 
called    for,    those   that    were  confined  for  forging  assignats,  or 


SEPTEMBER   MASSACRES.  227 

theft,  with  the  unhappy  people  that  were  any  way  suspected  to 
be  concerned  in  the  affair  of  the  10th,  were  in  general  massacred  ; 
this  form  took  place  in  nearly  all  the  prisons  in  Paris.  But 
early  on  Monday  morning  a  detachment  with  seven  pieces  of 
cannon  went  to  attack  the  Bicetre.  It  is  reported  that  these 
wretches  charged  their  cannon  with  small  stones  and  such  other 
things,  and  fired  promiscuously  among  the  prisoners.  I  cannot 
however  vouch  for  this,  they  have  however  not  finished  their 
cruelties  there  yet,  and  it  is  now  past  six  o'clock  Tuesday 
evening.  To  be  convinced  of  what  I  could  not  believe,  I  made 
a  visit  to  the  prison  of  the  Abbaye  about  seven  o'clock  on 
Monday  evening,  for  the  slaughter  had  not  ceased.  This 
prison,  which  takes  its  name  from  an  adjoining  Abbaye,  stands 
in  a  narrow  street,  which  was  at  this  time  from  a  variety  of 
lights,  as  light  as  day  :  a  single  file  of  men  armed  with  swords, 
or  pi(]ues,  formed  a  lane  of  some  length,  commencing  from  the 
prison  door.  This  body  might  consist  of  about  fifty  ;  these 
people  were  either  Marseillais,  Brestois,  or  the  National  Guards 
of  Paris,  and  when  I  saw  them  seemed  much  fatigued  with  their 
horrid  work.  For  beside  the  irregular  massacre  that  continued 
till  two  o'clock  on  Monday  morning,  many  of  them  delighted 
with  their  strange  office  continued  their  services  when  I  left 
them,  which  was  about  nine  on  Monday  evening. 

Two  of  the  Municipality  were  then  in  the  prison  with  some 
of  the  mob  distributing  their  justice.  Those  they  found  guilty 
were  seemingly  released,  but  only  to  be  precipitated  by  the  door 
on  a  number  of  piques,  and  then  among  the  savage  cries  of  irive 
la  nation,  to  be  hacked  to  pieces  b}''  those  that  had  swords  and 
were  ready  to  receive  them.  After  this  their  dead  bodies  were 
dragged  by  the  arms  or  legs  to  the  Abbaye,  which  is  distant 
from  the  prison  about  two  hundred  yards ;  here  they  were  laid 
up  in  heaps  till  carts  could  carry  them  away.  The  kennel  was 
swimming  with  bluod,  and  a  bloody  track  was  traced  from  the 
prison  to  the  Abbaye  door  where  they  had  dragged  these 
unfortunate  people. 

I  was  fortunate  enough  to  be  present  when  five  men  were 
acquitted.  Such  a  circumstance,  a  by-stander  told  me,  had  not 
happened  in  the  operations  of  this  horrid  tribunal  ;  and  these 


228  SEPTEMBER,   1792. 

inconsistent  murderers  seemed  nearly  as  much  pleased  at  the 
acquittal  of  a  prisoner  as  they  were  at  his  condemnation.  The 
Governor  of  the  Invalides^  happened  to  be  one  of  those  I  saw 
acquitted,  the  street  rung  with  acclamations  of  joy,  but  the  old 
man  was  so  feeble  with  fear,  and  suspense,  and  so  overcome  with 
the  caresses  of  his  daughter,  who  was  attending  to  know  his 
fate,  that  they  both  sunk  lifeless  into  the  arms  of  some  of  the 
spectators,  who  carried  them  to  the  Hospital  des  Invalides.  The 
same  congratulations  attended  the  others  that  were  acquitted  and 
the  same  those  that  were  condemned.  Nothing  can  exceed  the 
inconsistency  of  these  people.  After  the  general  massacre  of 
Sunday  night  many  of  the  dead  bodies  were  laid  on  the  Pont- 
neuf  to  be  claimed,  a  person  in  the  action  of  stealing  a  handker- 
chief from  one  of  the  corpses  was  hacked  to  pieces  on  the  spot, 
by  the  same  people  who  had  been  guilty  of  so  much  cruelty  and 
injustice. 

One  of  the  Municipality  was  fortunate  enough  for  that  night 
to  save  some  of  the  women,  but  many  of  these  underwent  the 
same  mock  trial  next  day  ;  and  the  Princess  Lamballe,  after 
having  been  butchered  in  the  most  shocking  manner,  had  her 
head  severed  from  her  body,  which  these  monsters  carried  about, 
while  others  dragged  her  body  through  many  of  the  streets.  It 
is  even  said  they  attempted  to  carry  it  to  the  Queen,  but  the 
Guards  would  not  permit  that.  Mademoiselle  de  Tourzelles  was 
also  reported  to  have  been  murdered,  but  I  understand  that  she 
and  Madame  de  S'^  Brice  were  saved  from  the  fury  of  the 
people,  and  carried  a  la  section  des  droits  de  Vhomme.  Many 
other  women  of  family  were  killed  and  others  escaped.  Major 
Bauchman  of  the  Swiss  Guards  was  beheaded  on  the  Place 
de  Carouzel  early  on  Monday  morning.  Mr  Montmorin,  Gover- 
nor of  Fontainebleau  and  nephew  of  Mr  Montmorin  late 
Minister,  who  was  killed  at  the  Abbaye,  had  been  regularly 
tried  and  acquitted  on  Friday,  but  not  being  released  was  also 
massacred  at  the  Conciergerie.  Monsieur  d'Affry  was  acquitted 
by  the  people  and  escaped.     In  all  it  is  supposed  they  have 

1  This  was  M.  de  Sombreuil  about  whom  the  apocryphal  story  is  told  that  he 
was  released  upon  his  daughter  drinking  a  glass  of  blood.  The  account  here 
given  by  an  eye-witness  disproves  this  legend. 


ROYAL  FAMILY  IN  GOOD  HEALTH.  220 

murdered  four  thousand,  some  say  seven,  but  I  think  that 
exaggerated. 

By  what  I  can  understand  it  was  late  on  Sunday  evening 
before  Mr  Pethion  took  any  steps  to  prevent  the  progress  of  this 
unexampled  outrage,  and  the  National  Guards  of  course  made 
no  opposition  to  such  irregularities.  The  Mayor  however  at  last 
sent  to  the  Temple  the  Commandant  General  of  the  National 
Guards,  and  I  am  happy  to  inform  you  that  in  the  midst  of  all 
this  confusion,  though  there  was  a  crowd  in  the  street,  yet  the 
court  of  the  Temple  was  quiet.  The  Section  du  Marais  has 
sworn  not  to  permit  any  violence  to  be  exercised  against  the 
prisoners  in  that  place,  and  the  National  Assembly  have  also 
appointed  six  of  their  members  as  a  safe-guard  to  the  sacred 
persons  of  Their  Majesties,  and  a  number  of  the  Municipality 
also  attend.  A  motion  was  made  last  week  to  confine  Their 
Majesties  in  separate  apartments  ;  that  right  was  however  found 
to  rest  with  the  Municipality,  and  I  have  the  pleasure  of  saying 
that  Their  Most  Christian  Majesties  still  enjoy  the  comfort  of 
being  together,  and  were,  not  an  hour  ago,  in  perfect  good 
health. 

I  ask  pardon  for  giving  such  a  detailed  account  of  such 
uncommon  barbarity,  which  I  am  sure  must  be  as  disagreeable 
for  you  to  read  as  it  is  for  me  to  commit  such  acts  to  paper,  but 
they  ought  to  be  particularized  to  the  eternal  disgrace  of  a 
people  who  pretend  to  be  the  most  civilized  among  the  nations 
of  Europe. 


Wednesday,  half  past  2  o'clock. 

The  proceedings  of  the  dispute  that  existed  between  tlie 
National  Assembly,  backed  by  a  section  or  two,  and  the  Conseil 
de  la  Commune  has  no  doubt  been  explained  by  Mr  Lindsay. 
That  affair  after  having  been  carried  to  a  considerable  length, 
from  conciliatory  measures  being  adopted  by  both  sides  w'as 
almost  dropped  :  and  on  Sunday  from  the  critical  state  of  the 
Nation  the  Assembly  on  a  motion  of  Mr  Thuriot's  decreed  that 
the  Council  General  de  la  Commune  should  be  augmented  to 
two  hundred  and  eighty-eight,  including  the  Municipal  Officers, 


230  SEPTEMBER,    1792. 

the  Mayor,  tlie  Procureur  tie  la  Commune,  and  his  substitutes  ; 
that  the  Commissaires  which  had  been  appointed  on  the  10th 
of  August  should  however  be  members  of  the  Conseil  General, 
"without  the  sections  wished  to  displace  them. 

A  decree  on  the  same  day  authorized  the  Ministre  de  la 
Guerre,  to  take  the  cavalry's  carabines,  and  arm  the  troops  that 
wanted  them  at  the  camp  of  Soissons,  which  is  the  case  with 
most  of  them  that  are  there. 

On  Tuesday  a  report  was  circulated  that  the  National 
Assembly  meant  to  replace  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  on  the 
throne,  or  invite  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of  York  to 
occupy  his  place.  The  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  complained  much 
of  the  evil  occasioned  by  such  reports,  which  only  tended  to 
agitate  the  minds  of  the  people  :  the  Assembly  on  this  decreed 
that  some  of  their  members  should  be  sent  to  the  different 
sections  to  contradict  such  reports,  and  soon  after  Messrs 
Dubayet  et  Laviviere  made  a  motion  which  they  all  swore  to, 
that  no  stranger  should  ever  give  laws  to  France,  and  that  no 
King  should  ever  sully  their  liberty. 

While  such  proceedings  were  carrying  on  in  the  National 
Assembly,  a  Mons.  Moras  in  the  Club  of  the  Jacobins  was 
inciting  them  in  the  strongest  language  to  address  the  National 
Assembly  for  the  immediate  trial  of  His  Most  Christian 
Majesty,  and  avowedly  persuading  them  to  establish  a  republican 
Government.  As  this  motion,  though  received  with  approbation 
was  not  seconded,  I  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  it  dropped. 

On  Monday  the  address  of  a  Monsieur  Mossy,  a  citizen  of 
Marseilles,  to  the  electors  on  the  approaching  National  Con- 
vention was  read  in  the  same  club  :  this  man  follows  the  same 
steps  as  Mr  Moras,  but  with  greater  insolence  recommends  it 
strongly  to  the  electors  to  make  choice  of  no  one  to  represent 
them  that  will  not  insist  upon  the  prompt  punishment  of  Their 
Majesties,  and  in  strong  language  he  likewise  directs  them  to 
stipulate  with  their  representatives  that  they  will  adopt  no 
Government  but  a  Republic. 

Nothing  else  material  has  happened  in  either  of  these  two 
houses,  if  you  except  an  account  of  plots  and  risings  in  different 
})arts  of  the  country,  many  of  which  I  am  afraid  arc  imaginary ; 


DEFENCE    OF    PARIS.  2']! 

and  different  detachments  of  armed  citizens,  who  were  going  to 
the  army,  that  had  the  honour  of  marching  through  the  hall  of 
the  Assembly  :  as  also  their  decreeing  that  all  the  gold  and  silver 
belonging  to  the  Royal  Palaces,  or  the  Hotels  of  the  Emigrants, 
should  without  loss  of  time  be  sent  to  the  Mint  for  the  purpose 
of  being  made   into  money.     I  must  likewise  add  they  have 
passed  a  decree,  that  the  Municipality,  the  Conseil  General,  les 
Corps    adrninistratifs,   and    the    commandant    of  the    National 
Guard  &c.  with  all  the  citizens  of  France  are  invited  to  take  an 
oath  to  defend  the  lives  and  property  of  the  people,  et  la  liherte, 
Vegalite.     Extraordinary  couriers  have  also  been  sent  into  the 
different  departments  to  cherish  the  spirits  et  echauffer  les  cosurs 
of  all  the  inhabitants.     Such  things,  with  an  account  that  the 
Russians  are  marching  twenty-two  thousand  men  to  their  fron- 
tiers, and  that  with  a  fleet  they  have  in  the  Black  Sea  they  mean 
to  attack  their  coasts,  formed  the  chief  of  their  proceedings  till 
Wednesday  morning.     In  the  mean  time  the  different  sections 
of  Paris  have  been  forming  and  are  still  forming  their  respective 
quotas  for  the  army.     This  has  created  a  good  deal  of  inconve- 
nience to  the  inhabitants,  and   of  course   some  discontent.     I 
however  cannot  but  observe   on   the  whole,  that  the  party  is 
strong   in    opposing  the  combined  powers  ;    but  they  are  all 
conscious,  that  undisciplined  troops  can  make  no  stand  against 
such  as  they  have  to  oppose ;  and   I   have  no   doubt,   were   a 
Prussian  army  once  to  appear  before  Paris,  that  many  of  the 
King's  friends,  who  are  either  quiet  or  concealed  citizens  that 
want  peace,  and  a  vast  number  of  people  that  are  averse  to  the 
Jacobin    principles,    would  readily   declare  themselves  for  the 
Royal  party.     Twelve  of  the  National  Assembly  are  directed 
to  attend  daily  some  works  they  have  begun  to  throw  up  on  the 
heights  round  Paris ;  of  these  and  the  citizens  that  are  gone  and 
are  still  going  I  shall  be  able  to  give  you  a  better  account  in  ray 
next.     I  cannot  help  adding  that,  notwithstanding  a  tolerable 
unanimity,  there  exists  a  general  complaint  of  some  kind  or 
other.     The  Ministers  of  every  department  are  complaining  of 
being  unable  to  carry  on  the  routine  of  their  different  offices 
for  the  interference  of  people  who  are  ignorant  of  the  nature  of 
them;    in  short   thov  all   wish  to  be  directors,  but  except  the 


232 


SEPTEMBER,    1792. 


poor  people  that  have  been  compelled  to  go  to  the  army  none 
wish  to  be  actors,  and,  from  what  I  can  see  and  hear,  they  want 
a  confidence  in  their  army,  which  is  not  a  little  increased  by 
the  loss  of  Verdun. 

As  I  expected  Mr  Lindsay  to  go  every  day,  to  show  you  I 
was  not  idle  I  meant  to  have  begged  him  to  have  taken  this, 
but  that  gentleman  did  not  acquaint  me  with  his  departure  till 
he  was  gone. 


Paris,  September  6th,  1792. 

I  find  the  massacre  at  the  Maison  de  la  Force  only  ended 
this  morning  at  seven  o'clock,  and  that  of  the  Bicetre  yesterday  ; 
one  may  therefore  have  some  idea  of  the  number  by  the  time 
they  took  to  murder  them  :  at  the  Maison  de  la  Force  they 
began  on  Sunday  evening  and  at  the  Bicetre  on  Monday 
morning,  and  continued  killing  at  both  places  with  little 
interruption,  till  nothing  more  was  left  for  their  yet  unsatiated 
vengeance.  On  the  whole  I  find  at  least  seven  thousand  have 
actually  been  destroyed.  I  am  however  happy  to  learn  that 
many  of  the  women  have  escaped,  and  that  amongst  these  are 
Madame  de  Tourzel  and  her  Daughter,  and  Madame  de  S"^ 
Brice,  both  of  Her  Most  Christian  Majesty's  household.  The 
fate  of  poor  Madame  Lamballe  is  but  too  true,  as  well  as  that  of 
their  carrying  her  mangled  body  to  the  windows  of  the  Temple. 
Mr  Pethion  and  the  Ministre  de  I'lnterieur,  in  their  addresses  to 
the  public,  seem  much  hurt  at  this  shocking  event,  though  it  is 
certain  the  former  took  but  little  pains  to  prevent  it,  and  the 
latter's  influence  without  the  assistance  of  the  Mayor  was  really 
I  believe  of  little  consequence.  But  as  Mr  Pethion  by  a  decree  of 
the  National  Assembly  had  the  whole  military  force  of  Paris  at 
his  direction,  it  was  therefore  certainly  in  his  power,  from  that, 
and  his  popularity  with  the  mob,  to  have  prevented,  at  least  in 
some  degree,  the  sad  scenes  that  have  happened ;  particularly 
as  he  has  been  since  boasting  that  the  citizens  of  Paris  have 
such  respect  for  the  laws,  that  a  ribbon  tied  across  what  is  most 
sacred  is  a  sufficient  barrier ;  and  in  fact  while  there  was  a  mob 
collecting   in   the  Rue   de  Temple  on  Wednesday  night,  that 


m:l[tary  movements.  233 

system  was  put  in  practice,  and  by  these  singular  people  was 
perfectly  respected.  That  amounts  I  think  to  a  clear  proof 
that  these  massacres,  if  not  set  agoing  by  some  one,  were  at 
least  never  intended  to  be  stopped. 

The  prisoners  that  were  confined  at  Orleans  were  brought 
here  (notwithstanding  an  order  given  by  the  National  Assembly 
to  the  contrary)  on  Friday,  but  were  immediately  sent  back  to 
Versailles ;  the  people  at  Rheims  have  also  massacred  some 
prisoners  that  were  confined  there. 

On  Wednesday  evening  dispatches  were  received  from 
General  Luckner,  acquainting  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre,  that 
after  having  made  an  unsuccessful  attempt  to  relieve  Verdun 
with  the  advanced  guard  of  the  national  troops,  he  had  fallen 
back  upon  Chalons.  The  object  of  the  French  seems  at  present 
to  be  that  of  uniting  as  much  of  their  force  as  possible  to  make 
what  stand  they  can  at  that  place  ;  for  that  purpose  most  of  the 
armed  citizens,  and  other  troops  that  have  as  yet  left  this  place, 
and  which  this  morning  amounted  to  forty  thousand,  twelve 
thousand  of  which  are  armed  with  piques,  are  ordered  to  join 
what  force  is  already  there.  A  great  part  of  the  army  at 
Soissons  are  also  moving  to  that  point,  and  Rheims ;  the  whole 
if  attacked  will  I  daresay  fall  gradually  back  till  they  come  near 
the  Capital,  where  if  they  make  a  stand  at  all,  their  vanity  will 
of  course  prompt  them  to  do  it,  for  I  would  fain  flatter  myself 
that  all  the  opposition  they  can  make  at  Chalons  will  be  too 
late  at  least  for  any  operations  of  consequence,  for  there  seem 
authentic  accounts  that  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  was  at  Clermont 
on  the  5th,  which  is  only  eleven  leagues  from  Chalons.  One 
must  therefore  naturally  conclude,  if  he  means  immediately  to 
push  forward,  which  one  would  wish  him  to  do,  that  none  of 
these  people,  the  great  body  of  which  began  to  march  on  the 
third,  can  possibly  be  at  that  place  before  His  Highness  ;  and  if 
they  are  unaccustomed  to  march,  or  carry  arms,  they  can 
therefore  only  add  confusion  to  anything  General  Luckner  may 
have  with  hiin  that  is  regular.  Be  that  as  it  will,  three  of  the 
National  Assembly  left  this  last  night  for  Chalons  to  arrange 
with  General  Luckner  what  is  necessary  for  their  defence,  as 
well  as  to  give  confidence  to  the  troops,  and  to  organize  that 


2.3-t  SEPTEMBER,    1792. 

swarm  of  people,  that  are  gone  and  are  yet  going  from  all 
quarters ;  for  they  were  taken  from  their  respective  sections 
and  departments  without  being  formed  into  regiments.  It  is 
also  hinted,  and  indeed  I  have  it  from  pretty  good  authority, 
that  Dumouriez  is  to  take  the  command  of  that  army  and 
Luckner  is  to  command  the  camp  at  Paris.  For  the  present 
however  the  following  officers  are  named  for  the  chief  command 
of  that  camp,  Mr  Beureyer  Lieut.  General  and  Commandant 
General,  Archile  Duchatelet  Lieut.  General  second  in  command, 
Messrs  Charton  et  Jarjaye  Marechals  de  Camp,  Messrs  Rolland 
et  Capes  Commissaries  of  arms  and  ammunition.  Most  of 
these,  I  am  informed,  the  people  have  little  or  no  confidence  in. 
I  went  this  day  to  see  the  kind  of  works  they  are  carrying 
on  about  Paris,  and  I  found  they  were  constructing  lines,  which 
began  at  the  village  Clichy  Garenne  on  the  banks  of  the  Seine, 
and  crossing  the  Picardy  road  went  over  Mount  Belleville  to  the 
Marne  at  Vincennes.  This  of  course  occupies  an  immense  tract 
of  country.  When  I  rode  over  the  whole  there  were  about  six 
working  parties,  each  party  consisting  of  about  five  hundred, 
and  when  you  looked  at  their  works,  at  least  that  part  you 
could  see  from  Mount  Mater\  though  they  had  been  working 
four  days,  they  seemed  scarce  to  have  done  anything  ;  nor 
indeed  do  I  think  it  possible  that  such  lines  can  ever  be 
completed.  The  National  Assembly  have  decreed  that  three  of 
their  own  Members,  three  of  the  executive  power,  and  three  of 
the  Municipality  shall  have  the  direction  of  these  works  ;  some 
of  the  civil  power  are  constantly  attached  to  all  their  military 
operations,  for  I  am  more  convinced  than  ever  that  they  put  but 
little  confidence  in  their  Generals  although  they  strongly  profess 
the  contrary. 

Had  a  supply  of  gunpowder  not  been  obtained  from  Rouen 
they  would  have  been  badly  off  for  that,  and  shot,  although 
they  have  now  also  got  some  of  that,  with  cannon,  howitzers, 
and  some  firelocks  from  Rochefort.  The  inhabitants  are  giving 
in  their  iron  pots  to  supply  the  place  of  shot,  and  are  depriving 
the  dead  of  their  coffins  to  make  musquet  balls  ;    and  it  has 

^  Montmartre, 


LINDSAY   ARRIVES   IN   LONDON.  285 

even  already  been  proposed  to  kill  all  the  dogs  in  the  capital 
as  so  many  useless  mouths,  but  notwithstanding  the  cruelties 
they  have  committed,  yet  they  revolted  at  this  act  of  barbarity. 

General  Kellerman  was  at  Metz  the  fourth  instant,  and  after 
leaving  six  thousand  men  before  Thionville  he  proposed  moving 
immediately  towards  Chalons  with  the  rest  of  his  army,  but  I 
should  suppose  he  will  scarce  be  permitted  to  do  this.  But  it  is 
really  so  difficult  to  get  at  the  real  operations  of  the  army,  which 
they  try  to  conceal  as  much  as  possible  from  the  people,  that  I 
can  scarce  venture  to  affirm  anything  respecting  it. 

Friday  night,  September  7th. 


W.  LixDSAY  TO  Lord  Grenville. 

Whitehall,  SejJt.  8,  1792. 
Saturday,  1  o'clock  p.m. 
My  Lord, 

I  have  the  honour  to  inform  your  Lordship  that  having 
received  my  passport  on  Tuesday  last  from  Mr  Le  Brun  I  set 
out  the  next  morning  and  am  just  arrived  in  London.  I  am 
sorry  to  say  that  when  I  left  Paris,  the  town  was  still  in  great 
confusion  though  the  tumult  was  in  some  measure  subsided. 

The  Royal  Family  were  all  safe  in  the  Temple  on  Wednesday^ 
morning. 

Madame  de  Lamballe  was  massacred  on  Monday  in  a  manner 
too  shocking  to  describe  to  your  Lordship ;  the  other  ladies 
confined  in  the  Prisons  escaped. 

The  Duke  of  Brunswick  was,  according  to  the  latest  accounts 
made  public,  between  Chalons  and  Bar  le  Due :  it  was  confi- 
dently reported  also  that  the  garrison  of  Yerdun  having  made 
some  resistance  had  been  put  to  the  sword  to  the  amount  of 
four  thousand  men. 


G.  Monro  to  Lord  Grenville. 

Saturdajs  Sep.  Sth. 

I  think  it  necessary  to  acquaint  you  that  there  is  a 
considerable  scarcity  of  grain  in  many  jiarts  of  this  country, 
particularly  in  the  south,  Normandy,  and  Haute  Giiycnne,  and 

1  September  .5. 


23G  SEPTEMBEE,    1792, 

the  National  Assembly  have  agreed  to  give  a  premium  to 
encourage  its  importation. 

The  barriers  have  been  open  for  some  days,  and  passports 
are  even  now  dispensed  with,  excepting  you  mean  to  go  within 
ten  leagues  of  the  frontiers.  Last  evening  Mr  de  la  Eoche- 
foucault.  President  du  Directoire  du  D^partement  de  Paris,  who 
was  making  his  escape,  was  stopped  near  Gisors,  by  a  detach- 
ment of  the  National  troops,  and  making  some  resistance  was 
killed.  A  quantity  of  money  was  also  stopped  the  same  day ; 
and  it  has  been  discovered  that  people  have  been  coining  their 
money  in  imitation  of  the  Spanish  coin,  in  order  to  carry  it  out 
of  the  country.  They  have  therefore  passed  a  decree  of  the 
National  Assembly  prohibiting  any  kind  of  coin  to  be  carried 
out  of  the  country. 

There  is  an  account  arrived  from  Charleville  that  the  people 
of  that  place  have  risen,  and  killed  the  Officer  and  detachment, 
that  were  conducting  two  waggons  loaded  with  arms  for 
Chdlons  under  pretext  that  they  were  for  the  Austrians,  and 
that  the  peoj^le,  when  the  express  came  away,  were  threatening 
to  burn  all  the  magazines  that  contained  arms.  Should  this 
take  place  it  will  be  a  serious  loss  to  the  French. 

Dispatches  were  received  to-day  by  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre 
from  General  Kellerman,  saying  that  he  was  upon  his  march  for 
Pont-a-Mousson,  but  the  General  declines  communicating  his 
present  plan,  but  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  says  he  has  the 
greatest  confidence  in  it,  as  well  as  in  General  Dumouriez,  from 
whom  he  also  received  a  dispatch  this  day,  which  beside  the 
private  business  it  contained,  stated  that  the  Prussians  were 
still  encamped  at  Oudeville  under  Verdun.  General  Luckner 
has  also  wrote,  but  their  dispatches  are  all  secret.  The  Ministre 
de  la  Guerre  even  declined  communicating  them  to  the  Assembly, 
but  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  I  daresay  will  soon  clear  it  all  up, 
as  some  stroke  must  be  struck  then,  if  he  means  to  come 
directly  on. 

As  you  may  hear  such  reports  from  other  hands,  I  think  it 
necessary  to  inform  you  of  the  ridiculous  reports  that  are  in 
circulation  here.  Last  night  it  was  said  there  had  been  an 
action    near    Stenav,  in  which  the  combined  forces  had  been 


ANARCHY   IN   PARIS.  287 

beaten  and  lost  more  than  three  thousand  men,  among  Avhom 
was  the  Prince  Royal  of  Prussia.  There  has  likewise  been  a 
report  to-day  which  has  gained  much  ground  among  the  people, 
and  which  has  been  twice  mentioned  to  the  National  Assembly ; 
it  comes  from  a  strange  side  of  the  country,  the  department  of 
the  Meuse,  and  states  that  the  English  are  off  Brest  with  twelve 
sail  of  the  line,  and  have  made  a  disembarkation  of  twenty 
thousand  troops.  The  National  Assembly  passed  the  order  of 
the  day  each  time  the  report  was  made,  but  the  people's  minds 
are  much  agitated  about  it.  There  has  likewise  been  a  report 
this  afternoon  which  gained  still  more  ground ;  this  states  that 
the  King  of  Prussia  riding  out  with  a  detachment  of  dragoons 
was  nearly  shot  by  a  peasant,  and  that  his  horse  was  killed 
under  him,  but  that  he  fortunately  escaped. 

Mr  Payne  is  chosen  one  of  the  De[)uties  for  the  Departement 
de  rOise,  and  Mr  Robespierre  one  of  those  for  Paris,  Mr  P^thion 
for  the  Departement  d'Eure  et  Loire,  and  Messrs  Gregoire  et 
Chabot  for  the  Departement  de  Loire  et  Cher.  The  elections  go 
on  very  fast,  and  I  am  sorry  to  find  that  the  principles  of  the 
Jacobins  have  extended  much  into  the  interior  part  of  the 
country.  Two  hundred  of  the  Swiss  Guards  who  escaped  the 
affair  of  the  10th  and  the  late  massacre,  have  consented  to  be 
incorporated  in  the  National  Guards,  in  order  to  save  their  lives. 
The  Marseillais  still  remain  in  Paris.  They  consist  of  about 
four  hundred,  and  there  is  not  the  smallest  doubt  but  they  are 
Genoese  assassins,  hired  for  the  purpose.  We  are  also  in  daily 
expectation  of  five  thousand  of  the  National  Guards  of  Bour- 
deaux,  who  are  little  better.  I  can  assure  you  as  a  fact  that 
many  of  the  citizens  are  in  daily  fear  of  a  general  pillage,  and 
sooner  or  later  it  will  certainly  take  place.  The  National 
Assembly  have  directed  the  Mayor  to  make  a  report  of  the 
state  of  the  city  every  day,  but  his  report  is  not  to  be  attended 
to,  for  the  police  of  the  city  is  entirely  annihilated.  The  other 
evening  in  the  Palais  Royal,  wliich  was  always  bad  but  is  now 
intolerable,  a  poor  man  happened  to  say  that  sending  all  these 
citizens  to  the  army  was  sending  them  to  be  butchered.  He 
had  scarcely  pronounced  the  word,  when  he  was  killed  by  the 
blows  of  a  hundred  swords  ninl  clubs. 


238  SEPTEMBER,    1792. 


Paris,  Sep.  9th,  1792. 


The  number  of  men,  for  I  cannot  call  them  troops,  that 
have  left  this  for  the  army  is  prodigious.  Exclusive  of  the 
adjacent  villages,  Paris  alone  has  sent  seventy  thousand,  and 
they  are  still  enrolling  ;  many  of  whom,  as  the  Hotel  I  live  in 
joins  that  of  L'Hotel  de  la  Guerre,  I  had  an  opportunity  of 
seeing,  and  I  am  convinced  as  a  military  man  that  they  must 
tend  more  to  create  confusion  in  a  regular  army  than  to  be  of 
any  advantage  to  it.  As  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  of  course  has 
good  intelligence,  he  knows  this.  I  have  heard  to-day  that  the 
.  multitude  of  people  that  are  besides  this  either  at  or  going  to 
Chalons  is  beyond  belief.  As  not  half  of  these  can  however  be 
armed  or  clothed,  and  none  of  them  scarcely  disciplined,  they 
must  therefore  be  so  many  useless  mouths.  Indeed  General 
Luckner  and  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  are  aware  of  this  and 
have  made  several  applications  to  the  Assembly  to  prevent 
people  going  that  have  not  arms. 

The  cause  among  the  lower  order  of  people  is  more  popular 
than  I  imagined,  I  cannot  therefore  help  thinking  the  Duke  of 
Brunswick  ought  to  get  before  Paris  as  quick  as  he  can.  There 
has  been  a  report  flying  about  to-day,  that  Thionville  is  taken, 
and  that  Metz  is  besieged,  but  I  cannot  vouch  it  as  a  fact,  as  it 
comes  from  no  authority.  Horses  and  waggons  have  been 
impressed  in  vast  numbers  to-day  to  carry  provisions,  camp 
equipage,  and  other  things  to  the  army.  I  don't  know  how 
they  mean  that  Paris  should  stand  a  siege,  for  they  seem  to  be 
carrying  most  things  out  of  it.  A  quantity  of  assignats  were 
again  burnt  on  Friday,  but  neither  gold  nor  silver  nor  yet  even 
copper  is  scarcely  to  be  seen.  The  National  Assembly  from 
the  multiplicity  of  complaints  that  were  made  have  put  a  stop 
to  their  taking  any  more  of  the  coffins  of  the  dead,  and  have 
given  directions  that  the  prison  de  Chatelet  should  be  taken 
down,  which  will  add  much  to  the  beauty  and  health  of  that 
part  of  the  town. 

Doctor  Priestly,  it  is  announced  to  the  Assembly  this  day, 
has  been  elected  one  of  the  Deputes  for  the  Departement  of  the 
Somme. 


MASSACRE   OF   PRISONERS.  28!) 

The  deplorable  state  of  Landau  has  this  day  been  represented 
to  the  National  Assembly ;  which  is  without  provision  or 
ammunition.  I  however  have  the  honour  of  inclosing  you  the 
paper  which  is  this  moment  come  from  the  press,  and  which 
contains  most  of  what  is  new  that  has  happened  to-day  which  I 
have  not  mentioned.  I  am  however  sorry  to  inform  you  that  it 
is  said  the  King  has  been  for  some  days  confined  in  a  separate 
apartment  from  Her  Majesty.  I  have  however  the  pleasure  of 
adding  that  the  whole  Royal  family  are  in  perfect  health.  The 
King's  valet  de  chambre  was  confined  for  sinsfinsf  0  Richard, 
0  mon  Roi. 

Sunday  evening,  7  o'clock. 


Monday,  Sept.  10th  to  Wednesday,  Scjjt.   12th. 

The  same  evening  I  had  the  honour  of  closing  my  last, 
the  unfortunate  prisoners  that  had  been  removed  from  Orleans 
were  massacred  at  Versailles,  by  a  party  of  the  guard  that  had 
conducted  them,  and  of  a  detachment  of  the  Paris  sans-culottes. 
Amongst  those  murdered  were  the  Duke  of  Brissac,  who  resisted 
these  villains  for  a  considerable  time.  The  late  Bishop  of  Per- 
pignan  and  the  Governour  ofthe  same  place  shared  alike  fate,  as 
also  Monsieur  Bertrand,  late  Ministre  de  la  Marine,  and  Monsieur 
Delessart,  late  Ministre  de  I'lnterieur.  This  last  they  seemed 
to  have  a  particular  dislike  to,  as  they  dragged  his  mangled  body 
about  the  streets ;  besides  these  three  there  were  many  other 
people  of  consequence,  and  a  number  of  the  late  Gardes  de  Roi, 
with  a  Juge  de  paix.  In  all  they  amounted  to  fifty-three,  exclusive 
of  thieves  and  other  prisoners  they  put  to  death,  that  were  con- 
fined in  other  prisons  of  Versailles. 

Notwithstanding  this  Mr  Pt^thion  reported  to  the  Assembly 
this  evening,  that  Paris  was  perfectly  quiet,  and  that  the  law 
reigned  in  its  full  plenitude.  This  transaction  has  not  been 
mentioned  in  the  National  Assembly,  nor  are  half  of  the  irregu- 
larities mentioned  publicly  that  are  going  on.  1  only  mention 
this  to  show  you  the  little  attention  that  is  to  be  paid  to  the 
^layor  of  Paris's  n^ports. 


'2M  SEPTEMBER,    171)2. 

The  dispatches  received  from  General  Kellerman  this  day, 
acquaint  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  that  he  is  now  arrived  at 
his  destination  between  the  Duke  of  Brunswick's  array  and 
Paris,  tliat  is  he  is  at  Vry,  Boulay  and  St  Arold,  which  are 
almost  upon  the  frontiers,  near  Sar-louis,  and  that  General 
Dumouriez  is  ready  to  join  him ;  he  adds  that  these  two,  with 
Generals  Luckner  and  Labourdonnaye,  who  commands  at  Sois- 
sons,  are  on  the  very  best  terms,  though  this  is  known  not  to  be 
at  all  the  case  ;  but  the  whole  of  tliis  account  is  inconsistent, 
and  seems  a  bait  for  the  people.  The  Ministre  de  la  Guerre 
likewise  informs  the  Assembly  that  he  has  letters  from  General 
Moreton  dated  the  9th,  which  acquaint  him  that  the  detachment 
taken  from  him  by  General  Dumouriez's  order,  had  so  weakened 
him,  that  in  a  council  of  war  it  was  thought  expedient  to  quit 
Maulde,  that  this  was  done  with  the  greatest  courage,  and  good 
order ;  that  both  in  that,  and  the  evacuation  of  St  Amand,  though 
much  harassed,  they  had  lost  but  few  men,  though  people  talk 
here  of  their  having  lost  two  thousand.  He  also  adds  that  the 
Commandant  of  Lisle  writes  that  he  has  his  fears  about  that 
place,  which  the  Austrians  begin  to  threaten.  As  all  this  has 
happened  nearer  you  than  me,  you  of  course  have  much  better 
information  on  that  head,  but  it  has  created  a  universal  alarm, 
and  discontent  here.  The  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  finished  the 
detail  of  his  dispatch  by  contradicting  an  assertion,  contained  in 
a  letter  signed  or  pretended  to  be  signed  by  the  officers  of  the 
garrison  of  Landau,  stating  the  place  was  without  provisions. 
He  assured  the  Assembly  that  the  direct  contrary  was  the  case, 
that  there  was  near  fifteen  thousand  sacks  of  flour  in  the  garrison, 
and  that  other  stores  were  in  proportion  ;  it  is  however  said  this 
is  far  from  being  the  case,  in  point  of  munitions  de  houche  they 
are  pretty  well  off,  but  in  other  respects  not  at  all  sufficiently 
provided. 

A  Commissaire  from  the  army  of  the  Rhine  informed  the 
Assembly  that  the  Commandant  of  Huningen  was  stopped  as 
he  was  quitting  that  place  to  join  the  Emigrants,  and  that  Mon- 
sieur d'Aiguillon  was  suspended,  as  they  had  strong  suspicions  he 
meant  to  do  the  same;  le  Ministre  I'lnterieur  likewise  informed 
the    Assembly  that    Messrs.   Victor,   Broglie,  and  Briche  were 


SCARCITY    OF   GRAIN.  241 

arrested.  The  money  coined  out  of  the  silver,  brass,  and  bills  of 
the  late  suppressed  Monasteries  amounts  in  all  to  thirty-eight 
millions  and  three  hundred  thousand  livres;  and  they  have 
passed  a  decree  this  day,  directing  that  within  twenty-four 
hours  after  the  publication  of  the  decree,  the  Municipality  of 
the  different  Departments  all  over  France,  shall  choose  among 
themselves  a  certain  number,  who  shall  visit  and  give  in  an 
exact  state  of  all  the  furniture  or  utensils  either  in  gold  or  silver, 
that  belongs  to  any  Cathedral,  Parish  Church,  or  other  places  of 
worship,  and  that  whatever  was  found  should  immediately  be 
sent,  by  the  shortest  and  safest  way  to  the  nearest  Mint  to  be 
made  into  money. 

They  seem  apprehensive  that  the  scarcity  of  grain  will  breed 
much  confusion,  and  its  effects  I  believe  have  already  begun  to 
be  felt,  towards  the  South  ;  the  Ministre  de  I'interieur  has  stated 
to  the  Assembly  that  Lyons,  and  Nevers,  with  many  other  parts 
are  far  from  being  supplied  as  they  used  to  be,  and  that  riots 
and  murders  on  that  account  are  continually  happening.  This 
however  he  does  not  impute  to  the  badness  of  the  crops,  but  to 
the  schemes  of  their  enemies,  added  to  the  vast  demand  of  grain 
for  the  army  and  the  capital,  as  also  the  last  year's  scarcity  in 
the  South ;  though  it  is  well  known  they  have  had  bad  crops 
this  year  in  many  places,  and  the  troops  and  cavalry  who  were 
without  subordination  destroyed  a  vast  deal  of  grain  while  green, 
and  in  addition  to  that  a  good  quantity  has  been  carried  out  of 
the  country. 

As  I  saw,  when  I  had  the  honour  of  writing  you  last,  that 
though  apparently  otherwise  yet  there  existed  a  want  of  con- 
fidence in  their  generals  ;  this  has  now  begun  to  shew  itself,  and 
a  public  complaint  has  been  made  by  one  of  the  Commissaires 
at  Chalons  to  the  Municipality  of  Paris  (for  they  have  also  three 
of  their  body  there),  and  they  by  a  deputation  communicated  it 
to  the  National  Assembly.  This  complaint  states  that  they 
found  Chctlons  in  the  greatest  confusion  and  agitation,  and  that 
the  same  spirit  that  surrendered  Longwy  and  Verdun  reigned 
there,  that  there  was  only  one  good  patriot  in  the  whole  place, 
and  that  on  asking  General  Luckner  some  questions  respecting 
these  things  they  got  nothing  but  insignificant  answers :  that 
G.  c.  IG 


242  SEPTEMBER,   1792. 

the  General  had  then  taken  no  steps  to  form  the  camp,  and  that 
there  was  plenty  of  saltpetre  but  scarce  any  gunpowder  and  only 
tents  for  eight  thousand  men;  they  also  added  that  on  their  way 
there,  they  met  a  detachment  of  Walsh's  regiment  (who  had 
been  taken  at  Verdun)  on  their  march  to  Meaux,  by  General 
Luckner's  order ;  they  sent  this  regiment  back  escorted  by  the 
gendarmerie  :  that  this  corps  had  spread  a  report  wherever  they 
went,  how  well  they  had  been  treated  by  the  King  of  Prussia, 
and  that  white  cockades  were  found  to  the  amount  of  three 
hundred  in  their  baggage.  The  National  Assembly  sent  this 
complaint  to  their  commission  extraordinaire,  and  except  the 
discontent  it  has  raised  I  have  heard  no  more  about  it ;  it  is 
however  supposed  they  have  sent  to  arrest  Luckner,  should  they 
find  the  complaint  well  founded,  on  the  spot.  Soissons  and 
Rheims  are  also  I  understand  in  the  greatest  disorder.  In  every 
place  where  prisoners  are  confined  the  mob  seem  to  take  the 
law  into  their  own  hands :  at  Chalons  it  was  with  much  difficulty 
the  Deputies  of  the  executive  power  could  save  the  prisoners 
there,  and  in  Paris  the  mob  seized  two  soldiers  whom  they  sus- 
pected to  have  robbed  the  regimental  chest,  and  it  took  even 
all  the  influence  of  the  Mayor  to  prevent  their  being  put  to 
instant  death.  This  conduct  of  course  displeases  even  the  most 
violent,  who  sincerely  wish  success  to  the  Revolution,  but  who 
dread  to  be  governed  by  the  mob ;  and  I  am  certain  if  these 
scenes  continue,  the  most  inveterate  enemies  of  the  old  Govern- 
ment will  gladly  embrace  any  other  than  the  present.  I  see 
this  in  a  great  degree  already  here,  and  it  will  of  course  extend 
to  every  one  that  has  the  smallest  property.  The  dread  of  a 
general  pillage  is  so  great  that  they  are  forming  associations  to 
defend  their  property. 

The  complaints  tliis  day  (Tuesday)  are  much  increased, 
Luckner  is  now  openly  abused,  and  they  complain  they  have 
too  many  of  the  late  nobility  in  their  army;  should  they  meet 
with  any  considerable  check  I  dread  the  fate  of  these  officers, 
for  they  will  certainly  be  massacred.  The  National  Assembly 
are  quite  the  reverse  from  being  unanimous.  The  walls  are 
covered  with  their  different  hand-bills,  for  that  is  the  way  they 
take  of  referring  their  opinions  to  the  public ;  I  would  fain  hope 


KELLERMANN    AT    LIGNY,  248 

the  King  will  find  his  party  stronger  than  may  be  expected, 
although  I  am  afraid  there  is  but  little  chance  of  that.  1  think 
it  a  pity  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  had  not  if  possible  approached 
nearer  the  city;  it  perhaps  would  have  awed  the  King's  enemies, 
and  have  encouraged  his  friends.  We  are  kept  perfectly  in  the 
dark  here  about  his  intentions,  but  every  moment  that  is  lost  is 
of  consequence,  as  the  French  are  not  only  daily  getting  more 
strength,  more  arms,  and  better  discipline,  but  will  also  soon 
make  the  works  about  Paris  respectable ;  and  if  they  can  get 
the  better  of  the  present  licentiousness  of  the  mob,  which  they 
will  of  course  by  degrees  try  to  do,  things  will  then  wear  a 
different  appearance,  and  what  would  be  an  easy  conquest  at 
this  period,  may  in  the  course  of  a  month  be  a  very  difficult 
one. 

The  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  informs  the  Assembly  that  he 
has  received  letters  from  General  Kellerman,  who  is  arrived  at 
Ligny.  That  General  must  have  made  a  rapid  march  from 
Boulay,  Vry  and  St  Ai'old,  almost  on  the  frontiers,  now  to  be  at 
Ligny ;  if  he  is  there  it  is  a  tolerable  position. 

Monsieur  Marbeuf  late  Archbishop  of  Lyons  was  arrested 
this  afternoon  about  seven  leagues  from  Paris ;  Monsieur 
Chabot  one  of  the  Deputies  has  arrested  what  he  calls  a 
counter-revolutionist  with  a  large  sum  of  money  in  gold;  the 
name  of  this  person  is  concealed  as  he  has  accomplices  whom 
they  expect  to  seize. 

Monsieur  Amelot  reminded  the  National  Assembly  that 
many  of  the  members  had  neglected  to  pay  their  subscriptions 
for  carrying  on  the  war,  most  of  them  out  of  their  eighteen 
livres  a  day  I  am  afraid  will  find  that  a  hardship. 

The  authority  of  the  Pope  in  the  French  colonies  which 
they  had  forgotten  when  they  made  their  last  attack  on  that 
Pontiff  are,  by  a  decree  totally  annihilated.  It  is  firmly  believed 
that  their  army  in  the  South  means  to  attack  the  King  of 
Sardinia's  dominions  at  Poucharra  and  Chaparicllan,  and  that 
our  Royal  Master  as  Elector  of  Hanover  means  to  supply  the 
Emperor  with  six  thousand  Hanoverians. 


IG— 2 


244  SEPTEMBER,    1792. 


Sept.  I2th  to  Friday  Morning  Sej)t.  lith. 

There  is  but  little  going  on  to-day ;  the  town,  excepting 
the  complaint  of  the  inhabitants  respecting  the  little  progress 
their  arms  make,  is  as  quiet  as  a  place  can  be  where  the  mob 
are  masters.  The  people  of  Paris  since  the  Duke  of  Brunswick 
has  made  a  halt  think  no  longer  of  the  defensive ;  they  even 
blame  their  favourite,  General  Dumouriez,  for  not  attacking  the 
combined  army ;  but  things  cannot  remain  much  longer  in  this 
situation,  a  stroke  must  be  struck. 

The  interior  dissentions  amongst  people  in  power  seem 
daily  increasing.  Monsieur  E,olland,  the  Ministre  de  I'interieur, 
has  been  obliged  to  stick  his  defence  up  against  the  walls :  it 
fills  a  large  sheet  of  paper,  most  of  which  is  in  praise  of  himself. 
What  made  him  take  this  step  was  a  paper  stuck  up  in  the 
same  manner  signed  Marat,  "  a  friend  of  the  people  and  a  good 
citizen."  This  affiche  attacks  the  Ministers,  many  of  the 
members  of  the  Assembly,  and  the  generals  of  the  army;  he 
insinuates  that  most  of  these  are  in  correspondence  with  the 
enemies  of  France,  and  that  a  letter  of  Monsieur  Rolland's  to 
the  National  Assembly  was  a  complete  piece  of  craft  and 
perfidy. 

This  Marat  was  one  of  the  Municipality,  a  violent  man  lay- 
ing himself  out  for  what  party  he  shall  find  best ;  he  was 
prosecuted  by  Lafayette,  and  a  number  of  citizens  have  since 
petitioned  the  Assembly  that  the  prosecution  might  be  dropped, 
which  I  believe  is  done,  and  he  is  elected  one  of  the  Deputies 
at  the  approaching  National  Convention. 

A  complaint  has  been  made  to  the  National  Assembly  that 
vast  quantities  of  cattle  are  daily  exported  from  the  coast  of 
Normandy  to  the  islands  of  Jersey  and  Guernsey,  where 
many  emigrants  and  refractory  priests  have  taken  refuge ;  the 
Assembly  upon  this  have  prohibited  the  exportation  of  cattle 
from  any  part  of  France.  They  have  also  decreed  that  the 
fathers  and  mothers  of  emigrants  shall  be  obliged  to  fur- 
nish two  soldiers  completely  armed  and  clothed,  and  that  they 
shall  also  be  obliged  to  subsist  these  two  men,  at  the  rate  of 


KEroRTS    FROM    THE    ARMY.  245 

twenty-five  sols  during  the  war  ;  three  weeks  are  allowed  them 
to  prove  where  their  children  are,  and  if  absent  on  account  of 
commerce,  education  or  any  other  good  reason,  they,  as  well  as 
poor  widows  who  can  prove  this,  are  to  be  excused. 

General  Dumouriez  acquaints  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre, 
that  a  part  of  the  combined  troops  have  made  a  precipitate 
retreat  from  one  of  their  camps  (he  does  not  say  which),  and 
that  he  seized  this  opportunity  to  take  possession  of  a  very 
advantageous  piece  of  ground  ;  he  adds  that  General  Kellerman 
is  now  at  St  Dizier.  It  is  almost  difficult  to  follow  this 
general  upon  paper ;  he  marches  from  Vitry,  St  Arold  and 
Boulay,  to  Lign}^,  and  from  thence  to  St  Dizier  as  if  it  was 
nothing.  It  is  almost  impossible  to  get  at  the  real  situation  of 
the  French  troops,  for  this  is  seldom  mentioned,  and,  when 
mentioned,  is  again  contradicted :  I  however  now  find  that 
General  Luckner  is  at  Chalons,  that  General  Kellerman  is  on 
his  right  at  St  Diziers,  and  General  Labourdonnay  is  on  his 
left  at  Soissons.  General  Dumouriez  is  encamped  at  Grand 
Prd,  with  an  advanced  guard  under  the  command  of  General 
Dillon  at  St  Mdn^hould,  and  that  the  detachment  that  was 
taken  from  the  army  at  Maulde,  had  arrived  and  halted  at 
Rh^tel ;  these  different  armies  amount  to  about  eighty  thousand 
of  what  can  be  called  soldiers,  and  they  are  getting  much 
encumbered  with  volunteers  unarmed,  who  are  daily  coming  in. 

Although  the  law  respecting  divorces  has  scarcely  been 
passed  a  week,  and  that  respecting  the  situation  of  the  children 
in  such  cases  is  not  yet  made,  yet  the  juges  de  paix  have 
already  separated  many  unhappy  couples,  for  the  law  pi'oceed- 
ings  are  so  simple  that  it  comes  within  their  jurisdiction. 
They  have  given  General  Bruycr  who  is  to  command  the  camp 
at  Paris  the  Hotel  d'Egmont  which  belonged  to  Monsieur 
Pignatelli,  who  has  at  present  a  command  in  the  Emigrant 
army.  It  is  reported  that  General  Clairfait  is  killed,  and  that 
the  combined  army  are  in  great  want  of  provisions.  I  only 
mention  this  as  a  report. 

The  departments  of  the  North  have  proposed  raising  and 
arming  twenty-thousand  men,  and  I  find  that  a  vast  number  of 
the  volunteers  that  went  from  here  are  gone  to  the  South. 


246  SEPTEMBER,   1792. 

The  Ministre  de  I'mterieur  is  again  making  heavy  com- 
plaints to  the  National  Assembly  of  the  Municipality  of  Paris ; 
he  says  they  send  a  deputation  of  their  members  about  the 
different  departments,  who  exercise  an  authority  that  creates  so 
much  discontent  that  he  will  soon  be  able  no  longer  to  answer 
for  the  consequences.  He  says  they  enter  people's  houses  which 
they  call  suspected,  and  take  their  plate,  and  other  valuables. 
The  Municipality  of  other  places  are  now  copying  that  of  Paris, 
and  even  rival  the  executive  power  in  authority ;  he  particular- 
ly mentions  two  who  went  to  the  Assemblee  electorale  at  Meaux 
(he  makes  an  apology  for  using  their  language  which  I  do  also) 
and  after  making  use  of  a  great  deal  of  improper  language, 
concluded  their  harangue,  by  directing  that  a  cannon  should  be 
cast  of  the  calibre  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty's  head,  that  in 
case  of  an  invasion  they  might  fire  the  head  of  that  traitor  at 
the  enemy. 

The  Cardinal  de  Rohan  has  written  a  letter  to  the  National 
Assembly,  which  is  accompanied  with  the  Duke  of  Brunswick's 
manifesto ;  he  abuses  the  revolution,  and  declares  he  will 
make  the  Deputies  answerable  for  his  property  which  they 
have  confiscated ;  he  concludes  his  letter  by  hoping  he  will  soon 
see  an  exemplary  vengeance  inflicted  on  them. 

The  want  of  small  assignats  is  very  much  felt,  and  the 
people  begin  to  be  very  clamorous  about  them.  The  poor  men 
that  the  mob  were  going  to  have  put  to  death  for  robbing  their 
military  chest,  have  this  day  been  tried,  and  found  perfectly 
innocent. 


Friday  lith  to  Monday  Sept.  nth,  1792. 

The  want  of  police  has  got  nearly  to  the  height  I 
expected  it  would ;  the  blackguards  of  Paris  have  begun  this 
day  to  stop  people  publicly  in  the  streets,  and  take  their 
watches  and  buckles  from  them;  they  have  even  taken  the 
ladies'  rings  from  their  fingers,  and  from  their  ears :  my 
traiteur  was  obliged  to  bring  me  metal  spoons  for  fear  of  the 
others  being  taken;  a  general  pillage  as  I  said  before  will  at 
last  take  place.     The  Mayor  has  exerted  himself  a  little  in  this 


MASSACRE   AT   LYONS.  247 

business,  and  the  people  have  assisted  in  protecting  themselves. 
One  woman  killed  one  of  these  villains  with  her  scissors.  I 
myself  never  move  out  but  with  pistols  in  my  pocket,  as  I  find 
them  more  necessar}'-  here  than  in  Turkey. 

Information  is  arrived  this  day,  that  a  general  massacre  of 
the  prisoners  at  Lyons  has  taken  place,  and  that  although  the 
Municipality  did  everything  in  their  power  to  save  them,  yet  it 
was  found  impossible  and  a  vast  number  have  suffered.  In 
other  parts  their  treatment  of  the  refractory  priests  is  as 
shameful  and  cruel  as  the  rest  of  their  conduct.  In  many 
places  they  shave,  and  duck  them,  and  those  who  wish  to  get 
out  of  the  country  are  refused  passports,  although  it  was 
decreed  by  the  Assembly  that  they  should  leave  France  in  a 
given  time,  and  that  those  who  were  found  in  the  country 
afterwards  should  be  transported  to  Cayenne ;  those  that  can- 
not escape  will  I  daresay  be  soon  massacred. 

It  is  reported  here  that  the  combined  army  has  been 
repulsed  before  Thionville,  and  that  they  have  lost  five  hundred 
and  fifty  killed,  among  whom  is  the  Prince  of  Waldeck,  and 
other  two,  whose  names  they  do  not  know.  This  is  the  report 
made  by  Mr  Merlin  one  of  the  Deputies  whose  father  resides  in 
Thionville ;  he  however  makes  no  mention  of  what  loss  the 
garrison  sustained,  or  at  least  makes  it  so  trifling,  as  to  make 
me  suspect  very  much  his  partiality. 

The  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  says  he  received  letters  from 
General  Kellerman  dated  the  12th  inst.,  that  he  had  at  that 
time  advanced  to  Bar-le-Duc  and  that  the  advanced  guard  of 
the  Prussians  had  on  his  approach  fallen  back  upon  their  main 
body.  A  letter  from  General  Luckner  inclosing  a  note  from 
General  Dumouriez  says  that  the  combined  army  attacked  him 
on  the  13th  inst.  by  attempting  to  penetrate  at  the  Abatis  do 
Croix  aux  Bois,  at  the  same  time  that  they  attacked  his  right 
and  left  wings  at  Marel  and  Mortand ;  ho  adds  that  this  attack 
was  only  made  by  the  light  troops  and  that  he  had  dispatched 
General  Chazot  with  seven  batallions,  five  squadrons,  and  some 
artillery,  and  hopes  by  this  time  he  has  dispersed  them  ;  for  the 
affair  was  not  finished  when  General  Dumouriez  dispatched  the 
note  to  Luckner.     General  Kellerman  on  hearing  this  fell  back 


2i8  SEPTEMBER,    1792. 

to  St  Dizier  to  cover  ChS,lons  and  Paris  whatever  might  be  the 
event.  I  hope  I  shall  be  able  to  give  you  a  satisfactory  account 
of  this  action  before  I  dispatch  my  letters ;  a  decisive  one 
would  give  this  business  nearly  a  final  blow  at  least  on  this  side 
of  Paris. 

I  need  not  inform  you  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Diet  of 
Ratisbone ;  the  Ministre  des  affaires  ^trangeres  has  informed 
the  Assembly  that  the  Emperor  has  pressed  the  Diet  to  declare 
war  asfainst  France,  and  that  the  Hanoverian  ambassador  is 
the  Ministre  that  has  made  a  progress  through  the  different 
circles  to  solicit  their  adhesion  to  the  Emperor's  wish  and  that 
of  most  of  the  Germanic  Body.  He  added  with  much  emphasis, 
for  I  was  present  when  the  letter  was  read,  that  the  intentions 
of  a  certain  Power  began  now  after  having  been  long  suspected 
to  discover  itself.  He  added  that  the  French  Minister  at 
Ratisbone  was  warned  to  quit  it,  and  that  the  Emperor  was 
trying  to  get  any  other  French  Minister  in  Germany  sent  back. 
Upon  this,  Mr  Merlin  made  a  motion  to  recall  all  their 
ambassadors,  which  was  referred  to  the  Comite  Diplomatique. 

I  need  not  also  tell  you,  that  the  French  have  commenced 
hostilities  by  this  time  against  the  King  of  Sardinia.  Orders 
were  dispatched  from  Paris  to  General  Montesquiou,  the  10th 
inst.  for  that  purpose,  and  he  had  been  prepared  some  time 
before,  and  only  waited  for  the  arrival  of  the  order  to  put  the 
plan  in  execution.  It  has  also  been  reported  to  the  National 
Assembly  by  the  department  of  the  Hautes-Pyrenees,  that  the 
King  of  Spain  had  declared  war  against  France  on  the  2nd 
inst.  and  that  he  had  appointed  Generals  Rabi,  Alvares,  and 
Delasny  to  command  the  army  of  invasion.  The  Ministre  des 
affaires  etrangeres  has  this  day  (Sunday;  given  the  particulars 
of  the  proceedings  of  the  Diet  of  Ratisbone,  and  confirmed  the 
certainty  of  the  members  almost  unanimously  agreeing  to 
declare  war  against  France.  He  however  observes  that  the 
formation  of  their  respective  contingents,  cannot  take  place 
for  some  time  yet,  they  have  therefore  nothing  to  fear  from 
this  campaign.  Complaints  have  been  made  in  the  National 
Assembly  against  the  Commissaires  of  the  executive  power, 
who  when  sent   to   the   Departments   exceed  the   instructions 


LETTERS    FROM    DUMOURIEZ.  249 

they  are  sent  with,  and  dismiss  at  their  pleasure  people  in 
public  employments,  and  appoint  others  as  they  think  proper. 
The  Assembly  have  therefore  decreed  that  in  future  they  shall 
be  obliged  to  shew  their  instructions,  before  any  one  shall  be 
bound  to  obey  them,  they  also  decreed  at  the  same  time  that 
no  municipal  officer  can  exercise  any  authority  out  of  his 
Municipality,  and  that  if  they  attempt  it  after  this  decree  they 
are  to  be  prosecuted  for  rebellion. 

The  Swiss  Cantons  have  demanded  an  official  account  from 
Mr  d'Affy  of  the  affair  of  the  10th  of  August  and  have  desired 
him  to  collect  the  remainder  of  the  Swiss  Guards,  and  return 
with  them  ;  he  will  find  a  difficulty  in  collecting  them,  for  those 
that  remained  were  glad,  poor  people,  to  save  their  lives  by 
entering  into  French  regiments. 

A  decree  respecting  the  houses  in  the  Palais  Royal  has 
been  passed  at  the  instance  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  who  passes 
a  considerable  part  of  the  day  at  Paris,  and  goes  to  the  country 
in  the  evening.  It  is  very  long  and  as  it  was  private  business 
I  scarce  looked  at  it. 

Letters  are  at  last  arrived  from  General  Dumouriez,  in 
which  he  talks  of  an  advantage  gained,  but  which  nowhere 
appears ;  on  the  contrary  by  his  falling  back  to  cover  Rheims 
and  Chalons,  I  think  it  appears  quite  the  reverse  from  an 
advantage ;  as  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre's  letter  will  best  prove 
this,  I  shall  take  the  liberty  of  translating  the  whole  account, 
and  you  can  then  judge  for  yourself. 

"  Monsieur  Filassier,  the  Secretary,  read  a  letter  from  the 
"  Minister  of  war,  in  which  he  tells  the  Assembly  that  Mr 
"  Dumouriez  after  confirming  the  news  of  the  advantage  that 
"  we  gained  sends  him  the  following  note  of  General  Chazot's. 

"  My  Dear  General, 

"  After  having  the  greatest  success  yesterday  I  have  just 
"  been  attacked  by  a  force  much  superior  in  number  to  mine, 
"  and  it  is  not  possible  to  suppose  that  my  small  army  of  five 
"  thousand  men  could  be  able  to  withstand  one  of  ten  or  twelve 
"  thousand. 

"  We  have  had  a  few  men  killed  and  about  twi'iity  wounded, 


250  SEPTEMBER,    1702. 

"  the  enemy  has  lost  a  great  many  more  than  we ;  you  see  that 
"what  I  feared  has  happened,  I  hope  we  shall  be  more  success- 
"  ful  another  time. 

Signed    Chazot. 

"  Mr  Dumouriez,"  continues  the  Minister  of  War,  "  afterwards 
-'gives  me  an  account  of  the  measures  he  has  taken  to  prevent 
"  the  enemy  from  advancing.  He  has  marched  with  his  army 
"  to  cover  Rheims  and  Chalons,  and  he  now  occupies  a  position 
"  in  which  two  French  generals  prevented,  during  a  whole 
"  campaign,  the  enemy  from  proceeding  in  their  intention  to  get 
"to  Paris. 

"  Prince  Charles  de  Ligne  was  killed  in  the  last  action  and 
"we  have  taken  a  secretary  of  the  King  of  Prussia's  carrying 
"  dispatches  to  the  Duke  of  Brunswick ;  Mr  Dumouriez  is 
"  getting  these  dispatches  translated,  and  will  send  them  imme- 
"diately  to  the  National  Assembly.  The  Assembly  sent  the 
"  Minister's  letter  to  the  Committee  of  Extraordinaries." 

There  appears  to  me  no  advantage  got  here  and  I  have 
never  seen  any  other  account  of  this  affair ;  there  was  a  report 
in  the  streets  that  General  Dumouriez  had  killed  four  thousand 
Prussians,  and  that  the  King  himself  was  besieged  in  Verdun ; 
but  this  was  all  nonsense ;  I  therefore  understand  that  the 
whole  advantage  was,  that  General  Chazot  stood  his  ground  the 
first  attack,  which  was  perhaps  more  than  was  expected.  After 
a  seeming  hesitation  they  have  at  last  directed  that  the  Play- 
house of  the  Tuileries  shall  be  fitted  up  for  the  National 
Assembly,  and  as  soon  as  two  hundred  of  the  members  of  the 
Convention  assemble,  the  powers  of  the  National  Assembly 
shall  then  cease.  Tom  Payne  I  find  by  Mr  Mason,  who  only 
arrived  here  last  night,  is  on  his  road  to  take  his  seat ;  I  have 
heard  nothing  of  Dr  Priestly,  he  has  perhaps  more  sense  than 
to  come  among  such  fools.  What  must  a  nation  come  to  that 
can  have  so  little  discernment  in  the  election  of  their  represent- 
atives, as  to  elect  such  a  fellow  ?  For  he  has  been  chosen  for 
three  or  four  places. 

Last  night  the  Garde  Meuble,  where  everything  that  was 
valuable  in  the  palaces  was  kept,  and  amongst  those  the 
Regalia  of  France,  was  broke  open  and  robbed  of  a  variety  of 


ROBBERY  OF  THE  GARDE-MEUBLE.  251 

things  of  the  greatest  value,  amongst  which  was  the  remarkable 
large  diamond.  The  people  that  committed  this  robbery  broke 
in  at  the  back  part  of  the  house,  and  the  guard  in  the  front 
heard  nothing  of  it.  The  particulars  are  not  yet  known,  but  it 
has  happened  on  an  unlucky  day,  as  I  am  afraid  they  will 
search  Mason,  as  they  search  everyone  that  goes  out  at  the 
barrier  ;  as  it  will  however  be  the  same  tomorrow  and  for  many 
days  to  come,  I  shall  however  dispatch  him. 

half  past  4  o'clock,  p.m. 


Sept.   20th,  to  the  22ml. 

Nothing  happened  on  Monday  although  the  whole  day 
was  a  day  of  alarm ;  the  sections  were  all  extremely  attentive, 
and  seemed  unanimous  in  keeping  the  peace.  The  streets  were 
constantly  patrolled  with  strong  patrols,  and  when  they  chose, 
the  police  seemed  again  to  exist.  I  flatter  myself  from  the 
order  that  was  kept,  that  Their  Majesties  were  even  ignorant  of 
the  horrid  plans  that  were  talked  of  without  some  of  their 
attendants  were  ill-natured  enough  to  inform  them,  which  is 
not  at  all  unlikely.  During  the  day  frequent  proclamations 
were  made,  and  the  people  were  advised  to  be  on  their  guard 
against  the  enemies  that  were  dispersed  among  them,  and  were 
entreated  to  protect  the  lives  and  property  of  every  individual. 
The  great  gates  of  the  garden  of  the  Tuileries  were  also  shut,  so 
that  no  one  could  have  access  during  the  day  to  the  National 
Assembly  but  by  the  small  passages,  and  when  it  grew  dark 
every  avenue  but  that  of  the  Feuillants  were  shut,  and  the 
guard  there  was  reinforced,  and  the  sentries  doubled.  Lafay- 
ette's deputies  were  sadly  alarmed  and  I  really  believe  not 
without  reason ;  I  was  acquainted  with  two,  who  expressed  their 
fears  to  me,  and  their  anxiety  to  get  aw^ay  never  to  return- 
]\[arat  the  associate  of  Robcrtspicr,  in  order  either  to  complete 
what  was  dreaded,  or  to  add  still  more  to  the  universal  alarm, 
had  stuck  up  hand  bills  in  every  place  they  could  be  stuck, 
abusing  as  before  most  of  the  National  Assembly,  tlio  Ministers 


252  SEPTEMBER,    1702. 

and  generals,  and  exciting  the  people  in  the  plainest  terms  to 
punish  the  traitors  (as  he  termed  it)  when  there  existed  so 
much  treason ;  the  Ministre  de  I'interieur  he  was  particularly 
severe  upon ;  and  poor  Madame  Roland,  who  they  say  has 
great  influence  with  her  husband,  and  whom  he  addressed  as 
the  real  Minister,  had  everything  said  against  her  that  could 
excite  the  people  instantly  to  destroy  her. 

The  National  Convention  met  agreeably  to  order  on  the 
20th,  but  did  little  else  that  evening  than  mention  the  authority 
they  were  assembled  by,  name  Mr  Pethion  for  their  president, 
Messrs  Gamers,  Vergniaod,  Brissot,  Rabant,  and  Lasource  for 
their  secretaries,  and  call  over  the  names  of  three  hundred  and 
seventy-one  members  which  was  all  that  were  then  present,  and 
which  after  some  little  conversation  was  agreed  to  be  a 
majority. 

Next  day  after  some  little  ceremony  between  them  and  the 
National  Assembly,  as  the  hall  of  the  Tuileries  was  not  quite 
finished  they  adjourned  to  that  of  the  Assembly ;  their  coming 
there  was  announced  some  time  before  by  a  deputation  from 
the  Convention,  of  which  number  was  Philip  Joseph  Egalit^ 
ci-devant  Duke  of  Orleans,  so  that  everything  was  ready  for  their 
proceeding  immediately  to  business  which  was  done  by  Mr 
Manuel  moving  that  the  president  of  the  Convention  should  be 
lodged  in  the  palace  of  the  Tuileries  and  every  time  he  opened 
the  sitting,  the  members  should  rise,  that  they  might  never  for- 
get their  rights,  nor  the  respect  due  to  the  Sovereignty  of  the 
people.  The  previous  question  was  passed  upon  this  motion 
without  any  opposition ;  and  after  a  variety  of  other  debates, 
some  wishing  to  declare  all  the  powers  of  the  old  government 
null  and  to  reappoint  them,  others  opposed  this,  and  the 
debate  turned  chiefly  upon  the  Sovereignty  of  the  people,  and 
the  attention  that  ought  to  be  paid  to  their  wishes  in  forming  a 
new  constitution,  and  that  they  should  almost  individually 
sanction  such  an  act.  Upon  this  Mr  Danton  after  resigning  his 
place  of  Ministre  de  la  justice,  said  it  was  impossible  to  have 
any  constitution,  but  that  which  was  accepted  by  a  majority  of 
the  people  in  the  Assemblees  primaires ;  and  that  all  persons 
and  property  of  whatever  kind  shotdd  be  put  under  the  safe- 


ABOLITION    OF    ROYALTY.  258 

guard  of  the  people.  This  was  passed,  and  they  also  decreed 
that  all  laws  that  were  not  repealed,  and  the  powers  that  were 
not  suspended,  were  still  provisionally  to  exist,  and  that  all 
taxes  and  public  contributions  should  be  collected  as  before. 
The  Convention  was  then  going  to  adjourn  for  an  hour  or  two 
when  Mr  d'Herbois,  one  of  the  members  for  Paris,  said  there 
was  a  declaration  they  could  not  dispense  making  that  night, 
which  was  the  abolition  of  Royalty ;  this  after  a  very  short 
conversation  was  unanimously  agreed  to,  and  on  Saturday  the 
suppression  of  every  attribute  of  Royalty  wherever  it  might  be, 
and  the  destruction  of  everything  that  recalled  the  idea  of  such 
a  government  was  decreed ;  the  seal  was  to  be  changed  and  to 
bear  a  Roman  fasces  surmounted  with  a  cap  of  Liberty,  and  the 
exergue  La  Republique  Fran^aise,  and  all  public  deeds  were  in 
future  to  be  dated  from  the  first  year  of  the  Republic.  The 
rest  of  the  day  was  passed  in  regulating  the  tribunals,  and  in 
renewing  them,  and  all  the  corps  administratifs,  among  which 
was  to  be  included  the  Municipality  and  justices  of  the  peace; 
after  a  good  deal  of  conversation  on  this  business  in  which  Mr 
Danton  again  took  the  lead,  and  in  which  Mr  Thomas  Payne 
took  part  by  the  means  of  Mr  Gonpillian  who  was  his  truche- 
ment^,  for  he  speaks  little  or  no  French,  it  was  decreed  that  the 
people  should  choose  their  own  judges  and  from  among  what- 
ever class  of  people  they  thought  proper,  not  caring  whether 
they  were  acquainted  with  the  forms  or  nature  of  the  law  or 
not;  indeed  it  seemed  particularly  wished  that  lawyers  should 
not  be  chosen.  It  would  however  be  doing  injustice  to  a  whole 
nation  to  say  such  an  absurdity  was  decreed  without  opposition. 
I  forgot  to  tell  you  in  my  last  that  a  number  of  departments 
insist  upon  dismissing  and  re-electing  their  members  as  they 
think  proper,  and  some  of  them  have  actually  dismissed  those 
that  they  had  chosen  for  the  Convention.  This  right  must  of 
course  now  be  discussed. 


1  I.e.  truclieiiiau,  dragomun,  interpreter. 


254  SEPTEMBER,    1792. 


Sein.  22nd  to  23rd,  1792. 

On  Thursday  evening  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  in- 
formed the  Assembly  that  the  armies  of  Dumouriez,  and 
Kellerman  had  formed  a  junction  some  time  on  the  19th ;  but 
by  dispatches  received  from  General  Kellerman,  I  find  his  army 
which  was  encamped  upon  the  heights  of  Valmy  was  attacked 
on  the  20th  and  that  after  an  action  of  twelve  hours,  he  was 
obliged  to  fall  back  to  Dampier  a  village  to  the  left  of  Chalons, 
and  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  continued  his  march  followed  by 
a  column  of  Hessians  and  Emigrants  as  was  supposed  for 
Rheims. 

General  Kellerman  by  his  own  account  in  this  action 
(which  is  the  first  they  have  yet  acknowledged  any  loss),  says 
he  has  only  lost  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  killed  and 
wounded,  among  which  are  some  officers  of  rank ;  but  I  under- 
stand their  loss  is  really  very  considerable,  as  well  as  the  loss  of 
cannon,  which  they  make  no  mention  of,  or  have  ever  yet  done 
in  any  of  their  actions.  General  Dumouriez  who  also  writes 
the  same  day  says, — "  I  shall  not  remain  long  in  the  position 
"  I  now  am,  but  follow  the  march  of  the  enemy."  He  has  sent 
back  the  fourteen  volunteers  that  behaved  ill  in  his  last  action, 
they  are  the  sons  of  respectable  bourgeois ;  what  will  be  their 
fate  is  yet  unknown.  Two  batallions  are  also  daily  expected 
for  the  same  crime,  this  I  daresay  will  cool  the  military  ardour 
of  the  Parisiens  a  little.  The  different  sections  have  however 
been  making  what  they  call  a  review  of  their  batallions  to-day, 
I  saw  a  number  of  them,  and  not  one  quarter  of  them  have  fire 
locks,  and  at  least  one  half  of  them  are  old  men. 

General  Luckner  is  returned  to  Paris.  Whether  he  has 
been  recalled  or  is  come  to  resign  is  not  yet  known,  as  he  only 
came  here  last  night.  General  Montesquieu  of  whose  army  we 
have  yet  heard  nothing  since  the  declaration  of  hostilities  on 
that  side,  has  been  some  nights  ago  denon^e  or  impeached  in 
the  club  of  the  Jacobins,  as  well  as  his  whole  etat  major.  I 
have  therefore  no  doubt  but  he  will  likewise  soon  be  recalled, 
as  I   understand    the   matter   has  been  taken  up  in  another 


STATE   OF   THE    PROVINCES,  255 

quarter  very  seriously.  Mr  Fauchet  bishop  of  Calvados,  a 
member  of  the  late  Assembly  and  of  the  present  Convention, 
has  been  expelled  that  society,  and  I  daresay  will  soon  be 
expelled  the  Convention,  if  he  gets  off  only  with  that.  His 
alleged  crime  is  that  of  assisting  Mr  Narbonne  to  make  his 
escape :  during  this  enquiry  Madame  Stael's  name  has  been 
brought  much  upon  the  carpet,  luckily  she  got  off  about  the 
time  of  the  massacres  and  is  now  with  her  father  who  I  think 
is  Mr  Necker. 

I  imagine  the  French  are  getting  arms  from  England,  they 
will  also  get  corn  if  they  can,  indeed  I  know  some  has  already 
been  procured ;  if  it  is  therefore  wished  to  prevent  the  expor- 
tation of  these  articles,  they  cannot  be  too  strict  on  the  coast  of 
England,  Scotland  and  Ireland,  as  I  know  the  French  will 
almost  give  any  price  for  them. 

Just  before  the  authority  of  the  National  Assembly  ceased, 
Mr  Theodore  Lameth  wished  to  intercede  for  his  brother 
Charles,  who  has  been  confined  at  Rouen  as  an  accomplice  of 
Lafayette's  for  this  month  past,  but  the  order  of  the  day  was 
passed  on  the  motion ;  and  it  was  also  decreed,  as  some  Bishops 
who  were  Deputies  received  pay  for  both  appointments,  those 
that  had,  should  be  obliged  to  reimburse  the  allowance  of  one 
of  those  places. 

A  scarcity  of  everything  still  prevails  at  Lyons,  the  magis- 
trates have  been  obliged  to  lower  the  price  of  bread  and  other 
articles,  and  the  farmers  of  course  now  bring  nothing  to 
market.  Troyes  and  Rouen  also  complain  much,  but  are  as  yet 
quiet,  but  only  till  they  can  get  an  opportunity  to  break  out. 
Orleans  is  in  an  absolute  state  of  civil  war ;  the  sections  had 
suspended  the  Municipality,  and  they  refused  to  comply  with 
this  suspension,  and  defended  themselves  in  a  house  with 
cannon.  A  deputation  of  the  National  Convention  have  been 
sent  to  arrange  this,  and  arc  not  yet  returned.  The  inhabit- 
ants of  Versailles  have  refused  to  allow  the  different  furniture 
of  the  palace  &c  to  be  taken  away  agreeable  to  an  order  of  the 
National  Assembly,  and  the  Convention  have  been  obliged  to 
decree  that  it  shall  remain  there  in  place  of  being  put  into  the 
Museum  here,  which  was  decreed  by  the  Assembly.     I  forgot 


2o6  SEPTEMBER,    1792. 

to  say  the  women  at  Lyons  were  the  people  that  broke  into 
the  different  magazines,  and  took  everything  they  could  lay 
their  hands  upon.  There  are  a  good  many  English  here  who 
have  entered  the  service  of  this  country,  but  who  seem  to  do 
little  else  than  walk  about  the  streets  in  their  uniforms.  By 
their  appearance  I  take  them  to  be  rather  low  people. 

To-day  I  find  General  Montesquiou's  command  has  been 
taken  from  him  during  the  night's  sitting  of  the  National 
Convention ;  they  are  now  to  have  two  armies  in  the  South, 
one  to  make  head  against  the  King  of  Sardinia,  and  the  other 
to  watch  the  motions  of  the  Spaniards.  Perpignan  and 
Bayonne  are  I  understand  at  present  perfectly  defenceless. 
They  also  mean  to  attack  Sardinia  from  Corsica ;  I  think  they 
begin  to  have  their  hands  pretty  full. 

I  should  have  sent  you  an  account  of  what  has  passed 
lately  before  this,  but  M.  is  not  yet  returned.  I  should  be 
uneasy  about  him,  did  I  not  know  his  steadiness.  I  hope  you 
received  my  two  last  by  the  post  dated  from  the  17th  to  20th. 
Their  Christian  Majesties  are  perfectly  well,  the  Convention 
begin  to  talk  of  deciding  their  fate,  which  I  think  they  have 
pretty  well  done  already.  Marat  has  begun  to  attack  Mr 
Pethion  in  affiches ;  Robespierre  has  as  yet  not  opened  his 
mouth,  no  Mayor  has  yet  been  chosen,  but  some  shock  I  am 
sure  is  at  hand.  One  of  the  thieves  who  was  going  to  be 
beheaded  yesterday,  on  condition  that  they  would  pardon  him, 
said  he  would  discover  where  many  of  the  diamonds  were 
concealed  that  were  stolen  from  the  Garde  Meuble,  which  was 
accordingly  done,  and  they  have  found  to  the  amount  of  some 
millions  laid  at  the  bottom  of  a  tree  in  the  Champs  Elysees. 

Monday  half  past  12  o'clock,  a.m. 


Pakis,  Dec.  nth,  1792. 

After  some  trifling  difficulties,  which  I  shall  have  the 
honour  of  explaining  when  I  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you,  I 
saw  my  friend  Mr  Martin  at  Chambley.  He  shewed  me  every 
kind  of  attention,  and  I  daily  expect  to  have  the  happiness  of 
seeing  him  in  Paris,  as  he  told  me  he  should  follow  me  next 


king's  answer  to  charges.  257 

day,  or  next  again ;  he  readily  accepted  the  remittance,  for 
which  I  have  his  receipt,  and  said  it  was  about  what  was  due 
to  him.  I  must  also  add  that  he  was  much  atfected  and  cried 
like  a  child,  and  repeatedly  told  me  to  take  care  of  myself.  I 
told  him  I  ran  no  sort  of  risk  as  I  was  upon  no  public  business, 
that  I  had  always  made  it  a  practice  to  correspond  with  my 
friends,  and  to  write  them  what  was  going  on  in  any  part  of  the 
world  I  had  yet  been,  and  that  I  should  still  continue  to  do  so, 
and  be  happy  to  get  any  information  I  might  think  it  worth 
while  to  convey  to  them.  The  newspaper  I  had  the  honour  of 
sending  you  from  Chambley  will  convince  you  of  the  dignity 
and  propriety  of  most  of  the  King's  answers  to  the  different 
charges  that  were  brought  against  him  by  the  National 
Convention  on  the  11th  inst.  I  assure  you  this  conduct  has 
made  a  considerable  revolution  in  the  minds  of  the  people  here, 
and  those  that  were  perhaps  indifferent  to  what  had  passed 
before  begin  now  to  regret  the  approaching  and  most  probable 
loss  of  a  sovereign,  whose  life  they  considered  as  sacred  :  papers 
are  publicly  hawked  about  saying  in  his  praise  what  would 
have  cost  a  man  his  head,  had  he  dared  to  utter  so  much  some 
weeks  ago ;  I  have  the  honour  of  inclosing  an  abstract  from  one 
of  these  papers. 

The  trial  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  was  to  have  come 
on  last  Friday,  but  after  much  confusion  and  violent  debates  it 
is  now  delayed  till  the  2Gtli  inst.  Messrs.  Tronchet  and 
Malesherbes  are  to  be  his  counsel ;  many  have  offered  and  only 
one  named  Target  has  refused ;  on  his  refusal  the  King  fixed 
on  the  above  two :  the  gratitude  of  the  one  and  the  propriety  of 
the  other's  letter  make  me  take  the  liberty  of  enclosing  them. 
Ladies  ambitious  of  defending  their  Sovereign's  cause  have 
even  offered  their  services  and  were  anxious  to  obtain  that 
honour. 

The  National  Convention  have  decreed  that  His  Majesty 
should  again  be  permitted  to  communicate  with  the  Royal 
family,  but  with  that  barbarity  that  has  marked  the  whole  of 
this  Revolution,  add  that  he  shall  not  see  them  all  together ;  if 
he  sees  the  Royal  children  first,  they  are  not  to  be  seen 
afterwards  by  Her  Majesty  or  Madame  Elizabeth,  but  in  the 
G.  c.  17 


258  DECEMBEJR,   1792. 

presence  of  some  of  the  Municipality.  The  absurd  reason  they 
assign  for  this  cruelty  is  that  no  messages  may  pass  between 
the  Royal  family  by  means  of  the  children ;  they  are  all  in 
perfect  health,  and  I  am  happy  to  find  people  more  interested 
about  them  than  they  were. 

General  Kellerman  by  this  time  has  taken  the  command  of 
the  Southern  army ;  I  spoke  to  one  of  his  aides-de-camp  this 
day,  who  told  me  he  left  Nancy  for  that  purpose  on  Wednesday 
last.  I  understand  General  Anselme's  situation  begins  to  be 
very  embarrassing,  and  his  having  taken,  evacuated,  and  again 
retaken  Sospello,  shows  the  necessity  of  his  having  this  post, 
the  trouble  it  occasions  him  to  keep  it,  and  the  impossibility  of 
his  doing  so.  His  army  as  well  as  all  the  others  are  extremely 
ill  off  for  all  kind  of  clothing,  and  the  volunteers  are  quitting 
them  daily  in  large  bodies.  The  National  Convention  have 
taken  up  this  very  seriously  and  passed  several  decrees  to 
prevent  it,  but  as  yet  all  their  efforts  have  been  in  vain.  Parties 
run  extremely  high  here  at  present.  The  conduct  of  the 
Municipality  of  Paris,  who  addressed  the  Convention  to 
empower  them  to  make  the  most  strict  search  of  the  persons 
of  the  council  of  the  King  every  time  they  went  back  and 
forward  to  His  Majesty,  created  much  confusion,  and  was  almost 
universally  scouted  by  the  Convention. 

Robespierre's  party  is  still  strong;  Rolland's  is  strengthening 
with  Brissot's,  and  P^thion  within  these  few  days  has  considerably 
altered  his  tone.  Ministers  I  understand  have  been  privately 
threatened  by  Robespierre's  party,  and  Marat  is  suspected  to  be 
on  the  eve  of  deserting  it:  Chambon,  the  present  Mayor,  is 
reputed  to  be  a  moderate  man  and  averse  to  the  proceedings  of 
the  Municipality.  Rolland  and  Brissot's  party  are  certainly 
struggling  to  save  the  king  in  order  to  humble  Robespierre's 
party,  and  I  myself  from  everything  I  can  learn  have  not  the 
smallest  doubt  but  they  will  succeed. 

You  have  of  course  heard  of  the  retaking  of  Frankfort  by 
the  combined  armies  long  before  this.  General  Custine  in  his 
official  dispatches  says  he  lost  only  300  killed  and  1158  taken 
prisoners,  but  it  is  confidently  reported  that  he  lost  no  less  than 
ten  thousand  men.     There  was  a  report  to-day  that  the  French 


DECREE   OF   DECEMBER   15.  259 

had  retaken  it,  but  upon  enquiry  I  find  the  report  entirely 
without  foundation. 

General  Miranda  has  taken  Ruremonde  and  the  whole  of 
Austrian  Guelders ;  he  adds  in  his  official  account  that  the 
navigation  of  the  Scheldt  is  now  open. 

A  decree  was  passed  on  Saturday  regulating  the  treatment 
of  the  conquered  countries,  the  principal  parts  of  which  are  as 
follow ;  that  in  those  countries  of  the  enemy  occupied  by  the 
French  armies,  all  imposts,  tithes,  personal  servitude,  corvee, 
and  all  feudal  privileges  and  particular  rights  should  be 
abolished:  they  declare  to  the  jDeople  of  these  countries  that 
they  bring  them  peace,  brotherly  love,  succours,  liberty  and 
equality :  they  immediately,  by  way  of  convincing  them  of  this, 
decree  the  suppression  of  all  nobility,  and  other  privileged 
orders,  as  also  the  then  existing  authority,  and  direct  the  people 
of  these  countries  to  assemble  in  assemblees  primaires  to  form  a 
provisional  constitution  ;  the  generals  are  then  directed  to  put 
all  the  property  of  Princes,  and  other  absent  people  under  the 
safeguard  of  the  nation,  and  they  conclude  this  strange  piece 
by  declaring  that  they  will  treat  those  as  enemies  who  will  not 
accept  what  they  are  pleased  to  call  liberty  and  equality,  as 
also  those  that  enter  into  any  treaty  with  their  former  sovereigns, 
and  declare  they  will  not  lay  down  their  arms  till  they  have 
established  liberty  in  all  the  countries  they  have  entered.  This 
is  certainly  to  all  intents  and  purposes  forcing  their  present 
constitution  upon  these  provinces  they  have  entered,  without 
consulting  their  wish  or  asking  their  consent. 

I  have  this  moment  had  a  visit  from  my  friend  Mr  Martin 
and  enclose  a  note  he  has  given  me,  which  he  desires  may  be 
given  to  the  person  that  wrote  him.  He  seems  positive  the  life 
of  His  Majesty  will  be  saved,  and  tells  me  that  a  decree  will 
soon  be  passed  entirely  to  expel  all  the  Princes  of  the  blood 
royal  from  France ;  this  blow  is  intended  at  the  Duke  of 
Orleans,  who  is  the  soul  of  Robespierre's  party.  I  find  this  has 
actually  taken  place,  and  it  was  decreed  last  night  that  every 
branch  of  the  Bourbon  family  except  those  in  the  Temple  should 
quit  Paris  in  twenty-four  hours,  and  the  Republic  in  three  days. 
Rolland  and  Pache,  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre,  are  likewise  to 

17—2 


260  DECEMBER,    1792. 

be  dismissed  ;  these  decrees  were  passed  in  the  greatest  tumult 
and  confusion  that  has  ever  taken  place  in  the  Convention. 
They  are  busy  in  all  their  dockyards  fitting  out  ships  but  are 
particularly  so  at  Brest.  I  thought  it  better  to  be  here  than  at 
my  old  Hotel,  should  you  therefore  have  occasion  to  write  me 
you  will  address  me  at  White's  Hotel,  No.  7  Passage  des  petites 
Pretres,  Place  des  Victoires. 


Paris,  December  llth,  1792. 

The  party  of  conspirators  here  have  now  formed  themselves 
into  a  society,  the  principles  of  which  I  have  the  honour  of 
inclosing ;  they  have  however  as  yet  met  with  but  few 
subscribers ;  many  of  them  that  signed  the  late  address  heartily 
repent  it. 

Mr  Merry,  who  married  Miss  Brunton  the  actress,  and  who 
is  the  author  of  some  pretty  poetical  pieces,  is  the  present 
president  of  this  society,  he  however  seems  ashamed  of  his 
associates,  and  but  when  on  business  is  never  with  them.  Sir 
Robert  Smith,  Messrs  Raymond,  Sayer,  Joyce,  and  two  Mr 
Sheares  with  a  Mr  York  are  the  leading  men,  the  two  Sheares 
are  Irish  gentlemen  and  brothers,  and  Mr  York  brought  an 
address  from  Derby  to  the  National  Convention :  those  three  are 
violent  men  and  great  Republicans,  but  men  neither  of  weight 
or  abilities  to  do  much  mischief.  Doctor  Maxwell  has  at  last 
obtained  a  company  in  the  French  service,  and  I  understand-  is 
soon  to  leave  this  to  join  the  army;  a  Doctor  Edwards  of  his  party 
is  just  arrived  here  to  pay  him  a  visit. 

Mr  Frost  has  left  this  house  and  seldom  makes  his  appearance ; 
he  is  however  one  of  the  society :  he  appears  however  a  good  deal 
alarmed  at  his  situation,  as  he  told  me  a  reward  was  offered  for 
apprehending  him.  Tom  Payne  is  in  the  country  unwell  or 
pretending  to  be  so.  Mr  Stone  has  left  this  and  is  now  in 
Eugland. 

The  society  met  yesterday  to  receive  a  brotherly  kiss  from 
the  Municipality  of  the  different  sections,  but  few  either  of  the 
society  or  the  sections  attended.     I  cannot  as  yet  discover  that 


EXPULSION    OF   NOBILITY.  261 

they  at  present  are  encouraged  by  any  people  in  power  in  this 
place,  indeed  they  have  too  much  on  their  own  hands  to  attend 
to  the  wishes  of  this  society  or  any  other  at  present. 

Mr  Joel  Barlow  is  gone  with  the  Commissioners  to  Savoy  in 
order  to  assist  in  the  organizing  of  that  new  department. 

Government  have  many  friends  in  this  house  who  exert 
every  nerve  in  the  defence  of  our  happy  constitution  :  those 
consist  chiefly  of  half-pay  officers  of  the  army  and  navy. 


Paris,  December  20th,   1792. 

Since  I  had  the  honour  of  writing  you  last  I  have  nothing 
very  material  to  communicate  but  what  you  will  find  in  my 
friend  Mr  Martin's  note  which  I  have  the  pleasure  of  enclosing : 
I  think  I  may  however  add  that  things  are  getting  to  that 
crisis  that  the  massacre  of  a  part  of  the  National  Convention  or 
a  civil  war  are  consequences  unavoidable. 

There  is  a  scheme  at  present  in  agitation  to  expel  all  the  ci- 
devant  nobility ;  should  such  a  thing  take  place  the  confusion 
it  will  create  can  easily  be  imagined :  you  will  however  see  by 
the  journal  I  have  the  honour  of  inclosing  that  the  National 
Assembly  are  afraid  to  proceed  farther  in  the  expulsion  of  the 
Bourbon  family  at  jDresent,  and  have  therefore  postponed  the 
discussion  of  that  business  till  after  the  trial  of  His  Most 
Christian  Majesty.  The  forty-eight  sections  of  Paris  attended 
to  present  an  address  in  favour  of  that  family,  but  although 
the  Mayor  was  at  the  head  of  this  deputation  they  would  not 
admit  it. 

You  of  course  know  that  armed  ships  have  gone  up  to  the 
Scheldt,  and  of  the  demands  that  the  French  have  made. 

Letters  are  also  received  from  General  Beurnonville,  but  they 
contain  little  else  than  the  praise  of  his  army  in  general,  and  of 
some  officers  in  particular ;  at  the  time  he  wrote,  he  occupied 
Mertzieg,  Fredenburg  and  Saarbruck,  and  General  Pully  had 
been  attacked  on  his  left  wing  at  Kavel  by  the  troops  of 
Grevenmaker,  which  he  obliged  to  retreat. 

General  Miranda  writes  that  he  has  pur.'iucd  the  Austrians 


262  DECEMBER,   1792. 

as  far  as  Herkelens  and  Bergen,  where  he  found  they  were  upon 
their  march  for  Cologne.  What  remains  of  Custine's  army  is 
in  the  greatest  want  of  everything ;  the  whole  of  their  armies 
are  badly  off,  but  this  is  the  worst.  Most  of  the  generals 
complain  of  a  want  of  assignats  ;  Dumouriez  does  not  correspond 
with  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre ;  General  Vallence  has  taken 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  and  General  Kellerman  has  arrived  some  days 
past  at  Chambery,  where  he  is  making  every  preparation  to 
proceed  farther  against  the  king  of  Sardinia. 

Considerable  preparations  are  making  at  Brest  and  Toulon, 
to  fit  out  what  ships  they  can ;  different  quotas  of  seamen  are 
moving  towards  these  places,  and  they  talk  of  being  able  to  fit 
out  thirty  sail  of  the  line,  exclusive  of  the  squadron  they  have  in 
the  Mediterranean,  but  this  I  do  not  altogether  believe. 

At  the  request  of  Mr  Martin  I  have  presumed  to  give  him 
400  livres  (about  ten  pounds),  which  he  means  to  lay  out  for 
our  mutual  advantage  in  trade,  I  therefore  hope  you  will  have 
no  objections  to  what  I  have  done.  He  talks  of  leaving  this  on 
Monday,  and  I  hope  you  will  have  an  opportunity  of  talking  to 
him  on  this  business  some  time  next  week. 


White's  Hotel. 
No.  7.     Passage  des  Petits  Pferes,  Place  des  Victoires. 

Since  I  had  the  honour  of  writing  you  yesterday  I  have 
nothing  new  to  communicate  but  what  is  contained  in  the 
inclosed  papers,  which  I  take  the  opportunity  of  sending  by 
young  Mr  Woodfall,  who  leaves  Paris  this  afternoon. 

You  will  see  by  the  Journal  du  Soir,  that  the  confusion  in 
the  National  Convention  is,  if  it  is  possible  to  increase,  daily 
increasing :  such  anarchy  I  think  can  only  end  one  way. 

I  have  been  informed  this  day  that  five  or  six  sections  have 
presented  similar  discourses  to  the  one  I  had  the  honour  of 
inclosing  yesterday  to  Mr  Hammond ;  but  I  have  not  been  able 
to  procure  copies  of  them  ;  I  am  however  well  informed  they  all 
contain  the  same  sort  of  violent  language,  and  that  they  are 
cheerfully  received  by  the  friends  of  our  constitution  here, 


DESPATCHES   FROM   BEURNONVILLE.  263 

I  have  been  told,  and  indeed  I  know  it  to  be  true,  that  these 
proceedings  have  occasioned  Sir  Rt.  Smith  to  quit  their  party, 
as  well  as  many  others.  And  they  have  been  heard  to  say  that 
if  England  declares  war  now,  it  will  in  a  great  measure  defeat 
their  purposes,  as  they  are  not  yet  thoroughly  prepared  for  such 
a  circumstance.  I  however  once  more  add  that  although 
England  ought  to  be  on  their  guard  against  all  such  parties, 
this  appears  to  me  to  be  wishing  to  make  themselves  of 
much  greater  consequence  than  they  really  are.  Their  dispo- 
sitions are  such  that  I  am  however  sure  they  would,  with  the 
assistance  of  France,  put  anything  in  execution  that  could 
injure  their  country,  let  the  measure  be  never  so  desperate. 

Paris,  Dec.  21st,  1792. 
9  o'clock  P.M. 

A  person  from  Manchester  has  arrived  this  day  from  that 
place,  and  brings  letters  from  Mr  Coopper ;  I  don't  yet  know  his 
name  but  shall  find  it  out  before  Monday's  post. 


Paris,  Dec.  2ith,  1792. 

You  will  of  course  receive  my  letter  of  the  21st  inst.  which 
I  had  the  honour  of  transmitting  you  by  Mr  Woodfall  before  you 
can  possibly  receive  this ;  in  the  course  of  the  two  days  that 
have  succeeded  nothing  particular  has  happened. 

General  Beurnonville  after  a  variety  of  actions  has  had  some 
little  success,  and  it  is  reported  has  taken  Graven-maker ;  his 
own  account  of  this  business  is  perhaps  the  most  replete  with 
gasconnade  you  ever  heard.  Having  in  three  columns  on  the 
15th  inst.  attacked  his  enemy  who  was  posted  on  the  heights  of 
Wavren,  which  at  that  time  were  covered  with  snow  three  feet 
deep,  they  had  on  that  day  a  very  considerable  advantage,  and 
slept  all  night  on  their  arms  ;  the  action  was  renewed  next  day, 
and  the  Austrians,  though  reinforced  during  the  night,  were 
chased  from  all  their  posts,  and  the  whole  country  between  the 
Sarre  and  the  Moselle,  as  far  as  the  bridge  of  Consaarbruck, 
has  fallen  into  his  hands.  He  concludes  these  two  dispatches 
by  saying  ho   has  only  lost  one   grenadier    in    the   first   day's 


264  DECEMBEK,   1792. 

action,  when  on  the  same  day  the  loss  of  the  Austrians  was 
very  considerable ;  on  the  second  day  he  lost  five  men,  but  took 
fifty-eight  of  the  enemy  prisoners,  fourteen  deserted  and  five 
hundred  were  killed ;  he  also  adds  that  the  French  were  twelve 
hundred  strong,  and  the  Austrians  three  thousand.  Such  are 
the  official  accounts  of  this  officer,  while  private  information 
that  I  can  almost  depend  upon  assures  me  his  loss  must  be 
very  considerable.  This  general  in  a  third  dispatch  continues 
to  add,  that  after  a  cannonade  of  seven  hours  he  broke  down 
the  bridges  of  Consaarbruck,  and  put  to  flight  three  thousand 
Austrians.  This  last  letter  is  dated  the  20th  inst.,  prior  to  which 
he  mentions  two  other  actions,  which  he  says  were  only 
disputes  of  position.  The  Austrians  were  however  beaten  in  all 
these  actions  and  lost  a  number  of  men,  while  the  French  lost 
only  the  little  finger  of  a  chasseur.  He  however  adds  that  he 
could  not  take  that  useless  place  Traves  (for  these  are  his  own 
words),  and  that  some  of  his  gendarmes  were  surprised,  and  cut 
off;  he  makes  the  number  only  five,  but  I  understand  they 
were  nearer  fifty.  In  the  actions  of  the  15th  and  16th  he 
complains  much  of  a  party  of  his  army,  under  the  command  of 
General  Humbert,  who  commanded  the  third  column,  behaving 
ill.  He  has  particularly  mentioned  the  battalion  of  Loth,  and 
has  sent  it  to  Sarre  Louis  till  he  can  make  an  example  of  it. 
He  concludes  the  whole  of  this  official  account  by  saying  that 
in  seven  actions  fought  since  the  6th  inst.  he  has  always  been 
victorious,  and  has  killed  or  taken  1200  of  the  enemy  and  three 
pieces  of  cannon  with  scarcely  any  loss.  General  Anselme 
having  lost  the  confidence  of  his  army  is  superseded  by  General 
Brion ;  and  it  is  reported  here  that  Custine  has  met  with 
another  serious  check,  and  that  it  is  now  in  agitation  to  recall 
him.  There  is  a  report  that  General  Dumouriez  has  resigned, 
this  wants  confirmation  ;  while  Marat  is  accusing  him  of  having 
the  most  ambitious  views  on  the  Low  Countries. 

The  department  of  the  Lower  Rhine  is  in  the  greatest  confu- 
sion; this  has  originated  at  Strasbourg  and  is  still  at  the  greatest 
pitch  there :  the  Convention  have  sent  three  of  their  members 
to  quiet  and  enquire  into  this ;  how  far  they  will  succeed  is  a 
question  here. 


OPENING    OF    LETTERS.  265 

Troops  in  small  detachments  are  daily  arriving  in  the 
capital,  amongst  which  are  a  battalion  of  Marseillois;  this  is 
without  the  order  of  the  Ministre  de  la  Guerre.  Great  disturb- 
ances are  expected  on  Wednesday  ;  although  it  is  generally 
supposed  the  King's  trial  will  not  come  on  yet,  the  sans-culottes 
it  is  said  are  determined  either  to  have  him  acquitted  or 
condemned  at  the  sitting  of  that  day.  The  French  propose 
making  a  treaty  offensive  and  defensive  with  America,  and  for 
this  purpose  have  appointed  Monsieur  Genest  their  Minister. 
He  is  to  set  out  for  that  part  of  the  world  without  loss  of  time. 
Some  of  the  States  of  Flanders  are  much  discontented  with  the 
French ;  they  allege  that  in  place  of  leaving  them  the  liberty  of 
making  a  constitution  of  their  own,  they  have  dictated  the  out- 
lines of  one  to  them  in  the  most  arbitrary  manner ;  the  French 
have  however  their  party  there. 

They  are  at  present  extremely  industrious  here  in  circulat- 
ing a  report,  that  all  letters  coming  from  England  are  opened 
at  the  General  Post-office  in  London,  or  if  they  are  sent  by 
private  hands  at  the  Custom-house  at  Dover,  or  whatever  other 
port  they  may  come  from.  So  much  pains  has  been  taken  to 
circulate  this  idea  that  I  am  sure  they  mean  to  use  it  as  a 
pretext  for  retaliation,  and  I  now  expect  that  every  letter  will 
be  opened.  A  son  of  Sir  John  Blackwood's,  an  officer  in  the 
British  navy,  who  has  lately  left  Bruxelles,  brought  some 
letters  here.  This  gentleman  has  been  taken  up  and  examined 
before  the  Comity  de  Surety.  This  Comity  not  approving  of  the 
style  of  the  letters,  have  confined  him  for  the  present  a  prisoner 
in  his  own  hotel. 

I  have  not  seen  Mr  Martin  since  Thursday  last ;  on  that  day 
he  agreed  to  set  out  for  London,  as  yesterday  everything  was 
settled,  and  it  was  agreed  he  should  have  the  cabriolet  I 
brought  from  Calais.  I  hope  nothing  has  happened  to  him  ;  if 
I  do  not  sec  him  to-morrow  I  shall  write  to  him.  I  take  the 
liberty  of  sending  you  some  journals. 

11     o'cli)Ck     A.M. 


266  DECEMBER,   1792. 


Paeis,  Beceviber  27th,  1792. 

It  is  in  agitation,  and  has  been  indeed  proposed  in  the 
National  Convention,  to  withdraw  the  greatest  part  of  the 
French  armies  from  the  countries  they  have  taken,  and  put 
them  in  winter  quarters  in  their  own  frontier  towns ;  a  certain 
number  of  these  troops  are  however  to  remain  in  the  countries 
they  are  now  in,  to  protect  the  liberty  of  the  inhabitants,  as 
they  are  pleased  to  call  it.  This  scheme  is  not  to  be  put  in 
execution  till  the  different  generals  have  finished  the  expe- 
ditions they  have  undertaken.  When  that  is  done,  and  the 
troops  cantoned,  the  different  commanders  in  chief  are  then  to 
repair  to  Paris  to  consult  on  a  plan  for  the  ensuing  campaign. 
This  scheme  is  held  out  to  the  people  for  no  other  purpose 
than  to  deceive  them,  for  I  can  scarce  suppose  the  National 
Convention  capable  of  adopting  such  a  prudent  plan.  The  fact 
is,  Dumouriez's  army  in  want  of  everything  must  from  necessity 
soon  fall  back.  General  Custine's  army,  it  is  confidently  re- 
ported here,  has  been  entirely  defeated,  16,000  have  been 
killed,  and  6,000  taken  prisoners.  The  army  on  the  Var  is  so 
harassed  by  the  inhabitants  and  peasants  of  the  country,  that 
their  daily  loss  is  considerable,  added  to  that  they  are  ill 
supplied  with  everything.  Kellerman's  army  is  making  no 
progress,  it  is  scarce  possible  to  do  anything  among  the  moun- 
tains of  that  country  at  this  season.  His  volunteers  are  daily 
quitting  him,  and  his  army  is  badly  off  for  everything ;  added  to 
all  these  things,  the  difficulty  and  expense  of  supplying  these 
armies  at  such  a  distance,  in  the  winter,  when  the  roads  are  cut 
up,  is  scarce  possible,  and  even  I  believe  beyond  the  resources  of 
France.  What  they  are  therefore  obliged  to  do  from  necessity 
they  wish  the  people  to  believe  originates  from  prudence. 

The  capture  of  Mayence  is  said  to  have  followed  the  defeat 
of  Custine's  army.  The  Convention  however  make  no  mention 
of  all  this,  nor  have  they  mentioned  for  some  time  past  a  word 
respecting  that  army.  As  the  report  is  however  current  and 
generally  believed,  I  think  it  my  duty  to  mention  it,  and 
sincerely  hope  it  may  prove  true. 

They  are  as  busy  in  their  dock-yards  as  they  can  be ;   at 


THE   KING   BEFORE   THE   CONVENTION.  267 

Toulon  they  have  lately  launched  the  Sans-culottes  of  a  hundred 
and  ten  guns,  and  are  now  busy  upon  another  of  the  same  rate. 
I  understand  they  import  quantities  of  hemp  from  England,  and 
as  1  had  the  honor  of  mentioning  before  are  very  busy  at  Brest. 
The  Municipality  here  directed  the  Churches  to  be  shut 
from  the  evening  of  the  24th  to  the  morning  of  the  26th  inst. 
As  this  is  a  feast  of  great  consequence  amongst  the  Catholics 
this  arbitrary  measure  enraged  the  people  to  such  a  degree, 
that  they  broke  open  the  Church  doors,  tore  the  scarves  of  the 
Municipality,  and  otherwise  handled  them  very  roughly ;  they 
however  did  no  other  harm,  and  attended  their  midnight  mass 
with  much  decency.  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  made  his 
appearance  yesterday  at  the  bar  of  the  National  Convention. 
He  left  the  Temple  about  nine  o'clock,  and  as  he  went  as  fast  as 
the  coachman  could  drive,  he  arrived  at  the  Convention  in 
about  ten  minutes.  He  appeared  to  me  perfectly  composed 
and  in  good  health  ;  his  appearance  and  address  had  again  a 
very  great  effect  upon  the  people.  He  left  the  Convention  about 
twelve  o'clock,  and  returned  to  the  Temple  in  the  same  style  he 
left  it,  no  disturbance  of  any  kind  happened,  and  everything  at 
this  moment  is  perfectly  quiet.  After  His  Majesty  and  his 
Council  retired,  the  debates  that  ensued  in  the  Convention 
were  attended  with  the  most  extreme  violence  and  confusion. 
A  motion  was  made  by  Monsieur  Manuel  to  suspend  any 
farther  proceedings  on  the  business  before  them  till  the  opinion 
of  the  eighty-four  Departments  was  taken  upon  it.  This  was 
opposed  by  Robespierre's  party,  and  increased  the  confusion. 
The  president  attempted  to  take  the  voice  of  the  members  on 
the  motion,  but  eighteen  or  twenty  of  Robespierre's  party  flew 
from  their  seats,  and  with  their  fists  clenched  threatened  the 
president  in  the  most  violent  manner.  Similar  scenes  continued 
till  near  five  o'clock,  when  they  adjourned  and  are  to  continue 
the  same  business  to-morrow.  The  King  makes  no  farther 
defence,  so  that  the  Convention  have  only  to  decide  whether  he 
is  guilty  or  not,  and  what  shall  be  his  punishment.  This  I  am 
confident  embarrasses  them  nmch,  and  I  have  every  reason  to 
hope  if  he  is  not  massacred  his  life  will  be  saved,  which  I  most 
fervently  pray  to  the  Almighty  may  be  the  case, 


268  DECEMBER,    1792. 

The  greatest  confusion  imaginable  happened  in  all  the 
coffee  houses.  Whenever  the  King's  friends  and  his  enemies 
met  they  came  to  blows,  but  no  other  accident  happened.  I 
saw  my  friend  Mr  Martin  two  days  ago,  he  positively  leaves 
Paris  on  Sunday.  Should  I  want  a  little  money  I  shall  take 
the  liberty  of  drawing  upon  Mr  Lamb  for  it.  Our  countrymen 
that  were  in  such  strength  here  begin  to  change  their  senti- 
ments ;  from  being  levellers  and  enemies  to  our  constitution, 
many  are  now  become  friends  of  Koyalty.  Mr  F — t  and  Tom 
Payne  are  not  on  such  good  terms  as  they  were ;  the  Depute 
treats  his  friends  with  much  hauteur.  We  have  however  still 
many  enemies  here,  who  would  stand  at  nothing  to  ruin  their 
country,  but  the  National  Convention  and  all  the  Ministers  are 
too  much  occupied  with  their  own  affairs  to  attend  to  anything 
else. 

There  was  a  report  that  General  Dumouriez  was  in  Paris, 
but  from  every  enquiry  I  have  made  I  cannot  ascertain  the 
truth  of  this  report ;  I  therefore  suspect  the  veracity  of  it,  as  no 
one  I  know  has  seen  him.  I  have  the  honour  of  inclosing  some 
journals  ;  that  of  the  National  Convention  is  the  most  authentic, 
as  it  is  published  by  their  direction. 

I  cannot  help  remarking  that  while  the  Counsel  of  the  King 
was  addressing  the  Convention,  one  of  Robespierre's  party 
called  out,  "  Monsieur  le  President  nous  demandons  que  vous 
faire  taire  ce  s^ueux  la." 


Paris,  December  'Slst,   1792. 

Our  countrymen  here,  who  have  been  endeavouring  to 
ruin  their  country,  are  now  really  much  beneath  the  notice  of 
anyone;  struggling  for  consequence  among  themselves,  jealous 
of  one  another,  differing  in  opinions,  and  even  insignificant  in  a 
body,  they  are,  excepting  a  few,  heartily  tired  of  politics  and 
addresses.  Tom  Payne's  fate  and  the  unanimity  of  the  English 
has  staggered  the  boldest  of  them,  and  they  are  now  dwindling 
into  nothing. 

Another  address  was  however  proposed  for  the  National  Con- 
vention ;  this  motion  I  understand  was  made  by  Tom  Payne, 


ENGLISH   REVOLUTIONISTS   IN   PARIS.  269 

and  seconded  by  Mr  Mery  ;  it  was  opposed  by  Mr  Frost,  seconded 
by  Mr  Mc  Donald.  High  debates  took  place  on  the  occasion, 
and  the  further  discussion  of  it  was  postponed  till  yesterday  ;  the 
debates  then  nearly  ended  in  blows,  and  I  cannot  as  yet  say 
how  it  has  been  carried ;  as  they  are  ashamed  of  their  pro- 
ceedings they  keep  everything  as  secret  as  possible. 

Mr  Raymond  scarcely  attends  any  of  their  meetings,  I  have 
an  idea  he  has  got  employed  here  in  the  finance  department ; 
many  others  have  left  them,  and  those  that  remain  arc 
constantly  quarrelling  among  themselves. 

Some  American  gentlemen  belonged  to  this  society ;  from 
their  abilities  they  engrossed  too  much  consequence,  a  motion 
has  therefore  been  made  to  expel  them  as  subjects  of  another 
state ;  in  short  their  debates  and  conduct  are  not  worth 
mentioning.  Frost's  remittances  I  suppose  are  not  large  from 
his  employers,  for  he  has  left  this  hotel,  and  gone  to  one  where 
he  lives  extremely  cheap.  Mr  Yorkc  is  a  very  violent  man,  as 
I  had  the  honor  of  saying  before  he  brought  an  address  from 
Derby ;  if  possible  he  merits  to  be  punished,  he  is  constantly 
with  Frost. 

I  have  heard  nothing  of  the  Manchester  address,  I  therefore 
suppose  it  has  not  been  presented,  indeed  I  have  every  reason  to 
believe  the  Convention  are  tired  of  such  nonsense,  seeing  the 
insignificancy  of  the  people  that  present  them. 

Should  I  however  see  anything  worth  mentioning  in  the 
proceedings  uf  such  a  wretched  society  I  shall  lose  no  time  in 
giving  you  my  opinion  of  them. 


Paris,  December  31st,  1792. 

The  debates  respecting  the  fate  of  His  Most  Christian 
Majesty  have  been  carried  on  with  still  more  indecency  and 
violence  since  I  had  the  honour  of  writing  you  on  the  27th  inst. 
Their  debate  on  this  business  had  scarcely  begun  on  Thursday, 
when  after  a  variety  of  opinions  Monsieur  St  Just  proposed 
putting  His  Majesty  to  death  without  waiting  for  the  opinion  of 
the  different  Departments  (for  the  referring  his  fate  to  them 
had    been    proposed    by    many).       This    unjust,    and   inhuman 


270  DECEMBER,   1792. 

proposal  gained  universal  applause  from  the  Tribunes,  which 
was  even  encouraged  by  some  of  the  Deputies ;  the  majority 
however  resented  this  savage  conduct,  and  the  remainder  of  the 
day  from  12  o'clock  till  six  in  the  evening,  in  the  midst  of  this 
melancholy  transaction  which  occupies  even  the  mind  of  the 
most  thoughtless,  was  spent  in  debating  whether  applauding  on 
this  occasion  should  be  permitted  or  not.  After  blows,  and  the 
most  scandalous  behaviour  that  can  possibly  be  conceived,  it 
was  decreed  that  applauding  should  be  permitted,  but  that  one 
of  the  members  should  be  reprimanded  for  having  encouraged 
it. 

The  debates  since  that  have  been  carried  on  with  a  little 
more  decency,  though  the  bloodthirsty  party  of  Robespierre 
exert  every  nerve  to  excite  the  Convention  and  the  people 
to  terminate  the  days  of  their  unfortunate  monarch  :  whether 
this  will  take  place  or  not  is  however  yet  undecided.  A 
majority  of  the  Convention  is  clearly  for  sparing  his  life, 
and  should  it  be  referred  to  the  Departments  most  of  them  are 
decidedly  in  his  favor  ;  much  however  is  to  be  dreaded  from  the 
populace  of  Paris,  whom  Robespierre's  party  is  exciting  to  the 
most  execrable  and  most  horrid  act. 

Women  who  pretend  to  have  lost  their  husbands  or  children 
in  the  affair  of  the  10th  of  August  have  been  induced  by  that 
party  to  present  addresses  to  the  Jacobin  club,  insisting  upon 
the  execution  of  the  King,  and  threatening  the  Convention 
should  such  an  act  not  soon  take  place.  A  part  of  some  sections, 
from  similar  instigations,  have  followed  similar  steps,  and  even 
gone  greater  lengths ;  no  tumult  of  any  consequence  has 
however  yet  taken  place,  and  I  sincerely  hope  a  majority  of  the 
people  of  this  capital  are  averse  to  any  such  step,  and  that  the 
National  Convention  will  not  be  intimidated  by  any  threats. 

A  new  president  was  named  on  the  evening  of  the  27th. 
Monsieur  Treilhard,  not  of  Robespierre's  party,  is  nominated  by 
a  great  majority  for  that.  Pethion,  who  I  understand  the  other 
day  narrowly  escaped  being  assassinated,  has  not  yet  spoke,  though 
he  has  attempted  it  once  or  twice ;  he  and  Monsieur  Manuel 
have  been  expelled  from  the  Jacobins,  and  the  latter  has  also 
been  denounced  by  the  section  of  the  sans-culottes.     In  short 


SALE   OF   PROPERTY    OF    ]6mIGR:^S.  271 

Robespierre,  the  nephew  of  Damier,  who  attempted  to  assassin- 
ate Louis  the  Fifteenth,  with  his  bosom  friends  Marat  and 
Egalit^,  will  stop  at  nothing  to  assassinate  those  who  wish  to 
save  the  life  of  Louis  the  Sixteenth.  Complaints  are  daily 
increasing  respecting  the  state  of  their  armies;  the  Ministre  de 
la  Guerre  has  been  denounced  for  this  by  one  or  two  members 
of  the  Convention.  I  hear  nothing  more  of  General  Dumouriez  ; 
if  he  is  however  not  in  Paris,  he  is  daily  expected  here. 
General  Custine  is  not  mentioned  by  the  Convention  either  one 
way  or  another ;  as  the  report  I  had  the  honor  of  mentioning  to 
you  last  is  not  contradicted,  I  therefore  hope  it  is  true.  The  in- 
habitants of  Liege  and  other  countries  complain  much  of  being 
pillaged  and  ill-treated  by  the  French  troops ;  and  report 
assures  us  that  the  combined  armies  have  received  very  con- 
siderable reinforcements  indeed.  A  Dutchman  has  proposed 
raising  a  Dutch  corps ;  this  however  was  opposed  on  account  of 
offending  that  republic,  with  whom  they  were  not  at  war.  The 
man  that  made  this  proposal,  as  far  as  I  can  trace  him,  seems  to 
be  a  man  of  no  consequence,  and  perfectly  unknown  to  some 
Dutch  gentlemen  who  are  here. 

By  the  Journal  I  have  the  honor  of  inclosing,  you  will  see 
the  note  of  the  Spanish  Charg^  d' Affaires  presented  to  the 
National  Convention  by  the  Ministre  des  affaires  Etrangeres. 
This  piece  was  treated  with  very  little  ceremony;  some  members 
proposed  its  being  sent  to  the  Comit^  diplomatique,  others  that 
no  official  papers  should  be  read  in  the  Convention  till  the  fate 
of  the  King  was  decided ;  and  others  again  proposed  that  they 
should  liold  no  communication  with  "  qu'on  appellc  tetes  cou- 
ronnees  "  till  they  formally  acknowledge  the  French  Republic. 

I  observe  some  people  in  England  have  advanced  that  the 
lands  and  goods  of  the  emigrants  have  not  been  sold;  I  am  sure 
this  assertion  may  be  easily  confuted  on  your  side  of  the  water, 
by  many  an  unfortunate  Frenchman,  who  lost  everything  he 
once  possessed ;  and  I  can  assure  you  from  this  side  that  many 
of  their  estates  and  goods  have  been  sold,  others  are  selling 
every  day,  and  the  corner  of  every  street  is  papered  with 
ajffiches,  announcing  the  approaching  sale  of  the  remaining 
property  of  these  unfortunate  but  loyal  people. 


•27'2  DECEMBER,    1702. 

Tom  Payne  has  proposed  banishing  the  royal  family  of 
France,  and  I  have  heard  is  writing  his  opinion  on  the  subject ; 
his  consequence  seems  daily  lessening  in  this  country,  and  I 
should  never  be  surprised  if  he  some  day  receives  the  &te  he 
merits. 

There  are  vague  reports  flying  about  this  capital  stating 
that  a  great  part  of  the  province  of  Normandy  are  protesting 
against  putting  the  King  to  death,  and  that  many  of  the  towns 
are  in  an  absolute  state  of  counter-revolution ;  although  I  can- 
not in  the  smallest  degree  vouch  for  this,  yet  as  the  disposition 
of  the  greatest  part  of  Xormandy  is  well  known  to  be  attached 
to  their  Sovereign,  I  think  it  not  at  all  improbable,  and  I 
should  not  be  surprised  to  see  other  provinces  follow  their 
example,  for  by  a  letter  I  received  yesterday  from  the  secretary 
to  the  Russian  Embassy  at  Madrid  (who  is  on  his  way  to  Spain) 
I  find  the  whole  of  the  provinces  he  has  passed  through  are  in 
general  much  discontented  with  the  violent  proceedings  against 
the  King  and  the  emigrants.  Mr  Martin  I  presume  will  be 
with  you  before  this  letter :  he  told  me  at  parting  that  a  gentle- 
man would  call  upon  me  from  time  to  time,  but  I  have  as  yet 
seen  nothing  of  him. 

I  have  taken  the  liberty  of  drawing  upon  your  friend 
Mr  Lamb  for  fifty  pounds  sterling,  which  I  hope  will  be 
honored;  the  bill  is  at  sight  and  payable  to  Mr  White. 

The  moment  his  most  Christian  Majesty's  fate  is  decided,  I 
shall  not  lose  a  moment  in  communicating  it  to  you,  whatever 
it  may  be,  and  I  pray  to  God  that  it  may  be  as  I  wish  it. 

half-past  11  o'clock,  A.ii. 


Paeis,  Jan.  1th,  1793. 

The  National  Convention  is  now  so  torn  to  pieces  by 
party,  and  their  time  so  much  taken  up  with  abusing  each  other, 
that  the  King's  business  is  attended  but  by  starts.  This  is  no 
doubt  done  by  one  party  with  an  intention  of  gaining  time,  that 
the  ditierent  Departments  may  express  their  sentiments  in  favor 
of  his  Majesty,  and  I  am  happy  to  find  this  plan  begins  to 
succeed,   and    that    some    of    them    have    already    presented 


WAR   WITH    ENGLAND.  27:^ 

addresses  to  the  Convention  requesting  tlie  dismission  of 
Robespierre,  Marat,  Chabot,  Merlin  and  some  others ;  whether 
their  good  example  will  be  followed  by  others  or  not,  is 
uncertain,  but  there  remains  no  doubt  but  the  King  has  a  great 
majority  in  his  favour ;  when  his  trial  will  be  finished  is 
however  uncertain,  for  there  are  a  great  number  of  deputies  for 
and  against  him  yet  to  speak.  That  with  the  different  inter- 
ruptions gives  us  every  hope  that  things  may  take  a  favourable 
turn,  and  his  life  to  a  certainty  be  saved. 

The  people  of  Paris  are  at  present  quiet,  and  I  flatter  myself 
there  is  a  party  strong  enough  to  protect  the  lives  of  Their 
Majesties  in  case  Robespierre's  party  should  arm  his  Banditti 
against  them  :  but  from  every  appearance  at  present,  assassin- 
ations are  more  likely  to  take  place  in  the  Convention  than 
anywhere  else.  To  effect,  or  avoid  that,  I  understand  the 
deputies  of  both  parties  in  general  carry  concealed  arms  about 
them. 

I  have  the  honour  of  inclosing  j'ou  Pethion's  speech,  and  by 
the  Journal  of  yesterday,  which  I  also  inclose,  you  will  see  to 
what  a  shameful  height  their  debates  are  carried,  and  I  assure 
you  from  any  reading  it  is  impossible  to  form  any  idea  of  that 
without  being  present,  and  then  any  one  would  be  convinced 
that  it  far  surpasses  any  country  cock-match,  or  other  place 
where  the  most  irregular  and  riotous  meetings  are  held. 

The  prospect  of  a  war  with  England  of  course  creates  a  good 
deal  of  conversation  here,  the  people  speak  for  and  against  it 
according  to  the  party  they  are  of.  The  King's  friends  of  course 
wish  it,  in  hopes  of  creating  a  counter-revolution ;  and  the 
Republicans  sensible  how  materially  it  may  affect  their  strange 
Constitution  wish  by  every  means  to  avoid  it,  though  at  the 
same  time  they  talk  exceeding  big,  and  even  seem  to  threaten 
England.  Notwithstanding  all  this  you  may  rest  assured  they 
are  in  no  state  to  go  to  war  with  England,  and,  should  such  a 
war  take  place,  it  is  the  opinion  of  most  people  here  that  it  will 
effectually  ruin  France  and  their  new  Constitution. 

The  latest  accounts  we  have  from  Savoy  are  dated  from 
Chamb^ry  the  30th  ult.     They  state  that  the  music  of  the 
70th  regiment  had  been  denounced  for  playing  a  variety  of  airs 
G.  (".  IS 


27-i  JANUARY,   1793. 

out  of  Richard  Coeur  de  Lion\  and  that  General  Kellerman  had 
put  the  Colonel  of  the  regiment  in  arrest  and  confined  the  band 
of  music ;  this  official  account  states  nothing  else,  but  it  is 
currently  reported  that  on  this  account  a  misunderstanding 
arose  between  the  troops  of  the  line  and  the  National  Guards, 
in  which  many  lives  were  lost  on  both  sides.  A  letter  of  the 
same  date  states  that  a  revolution  has  taken  place  in  Geneva 
and  that  the  citizens  of  that  Eepublic  have  abolished  the  great 
and  lesser  Council ;  the  letter  stating  this  is  extremely  short  and 
adds  nothing  else. 

Letters  are  at  last  received  from  General  Custine  and  that 
part  of  them  which  they  think  proper  has  been  given  to  the 
public.  They  give  an  account  of  his  retreat  from  Francfort  to 
Mayence,  which  if  one  may  believe  him  was  conducted  in  the 
most  masterly  manner,  and  in  which  as  usual  he  lost  but  few 
men,  but  the  Prussians  a  vast  number.  He  bestows  much  praise 
on  his  army,  but  adds  he  cannot  help  saying  they  are  in  want  of 
everything  and  are  justly  making  the  most  serious  complaints. 
Most  people  believe  here  that  Mayence  by  this  time  is  either 
taken  or  near  it. 

General  Lamorliere  writes  from  E-uremonde  that  he  has 
finished  the  plan  of  the  campaign  that  was  allotted  to  him,  and 
gives  an  account  of  the  contributions  he  has  levied  on  the 
following  places,  viz. :  Prussian  Gueldres  200,000  florins,  the 
principality  of  Meurs  100,000,  the  city  of  Crevelt  225,000,  and 
Closter-camp  80,000,  making  in  all  605,000  florins,  part  of  which 
he  has  received,  and  taken  hostages  for  the  rest.  In  his  letter 
he  affects  great  delicacy  for  the  Dutch  territories  and  such 
affectation  begins  to  be  pretty  common  here,  since  we  have 
declared  the  part  we  should  take,  in  case  they  made  any  encroach- 
ment upon  the  United  States^. 

Even  the  Commissaries  sent  to  the  army  of  the  Var  give  the 
most  dreadful  account  of  the  want  of  all  kind  of  discipline  in 
that  army,  which  has  committed  the  most  horrid  brutalities  and 


1  An  opera  of  Grt^try's.     The  favourite  royalist  air  was  "0  Eichard  o  mon 
roi,  I'univers  t'abandonne." 

'  The  United  Provinces  of  the  Dutch  Republic. 


JUDGMENT    ON    THE    KING,  275 

excesses  of  every  kind.  They  have  therefore  suspended  General 
Anselm  and  General  Brune  commands  till  Biron's  arrival. 

General  Dumouriez  is  at  last  arrived  in  Paris ;  he  has  not 
however  been  at  the  National  Convention,  nor  does  he  mean  to 
go  till  they  send  for  him :  it  is  however  supposed  that  the 
present  Ministre  de  la  Guerre  Avill  be  dismissed  as  it  is  said 
Dumouriez  wishes  to  succeed  him.  Some  one  or  other  is 
constantly  denouncing  the  present  Minister,  so  that  the  way  is 
perfectly  paved  for  Dumouriez'  plan.  He  wishes  to  save  the 
life  of  the  King  and  is  connected  with  the  proper  party  so  that 
such  a  change  will  do  no  harm. 

Considerable  damage  has  been  done  in  the  camp  of  Meaux 
by  fire  which  begun  in  one  of  the  hospitals,  but  no  lives  have 
been  lost. 

Monday  half  past  11  o'clock  a.m. 


Paris,  January  10th,  1793. 

On  the  same  day  I  had  the  honour  of  writing  you  last, 
the  National  Convention  from  an  immense  number  of  members 
having  put  their  names  down  to  speak  on  the  subject  of  His 
Majesty's  trial,  came  suddenly  to  the  determination  of  finishing 
the  debate,  and  voted  that  judgment  should  be  finally  passed  on 
him  on  Monday  the  14th  inst.  This  was  passed  without  much 
difficulty,  and  there  is  little  doubt  but  on  that  day,  whatever 
their  sentence  may  be,  it  will  be  referred  to  the  Departments : 
this,  as  I  have  always  said,  I  hope  will  gain  time,  and  in  order 
to  secure  success  large  bodies  of  armed  men  are  daily  arriving 
here  from  the  different  provinces  ;  and  it  is  generally  reported 
that  exclusive  of  the  troops  that  are  now  in  Paris,  no  less  than 
one  hundred  thousand  men  will  be  in  this  capital  from  the 
Departments  prior  to  Monday  ;  and  it  is  generally  supposed 
that  these  men  are  intended  to  protect  the  decision  of  the 
National  Convention  whatever  it  may  be,  and  that  there  is 
a  majority  really  wishing  to  save  His  Majesty's  life  is  not  to  be 
doubted. 

The  official  report  made  by  the    Commissaries    that  were 

18—2 


276 


JANUARY,    1793. 


sent  to  the  Belgique  army  are  as  deplorable  as  can  well  be 
conceived.  It  is  in  want  of  forage,  provisions  and  clothing 
of  every  kind ;  in  short  they  acknowledge  that  they  are  in  such 
a  situation,  that  the  Generals  have  pronounced  it  impossible  to 
go  forward ;  when  such  a  thing  is  publicly  advanced  by 
authority  one  can  scarcely  doubt  that,  if  they  have  not  already 
fallen  back,  they  will  soon  do  it :  and  when  they  put  that 
in  execution,  they  are  in  such  a  situation,  that  they  will  be 
obliged  to  make  their  retreat  extremely  rapid :  for  the  Liegeois 
are  extremely  discontented,  and  the  Brabantees,  notwithstanding 
the  addresses  of  some  individuals,  are  still  more  so. 

I  have  the  honour  of  inclosing  you  General  Dumouriez' 
official  letter  to  the  National  Convention ;  there  seems  not  the 
smallest  doubt  but  that  officer  will  be  Ministre  de  la  Guerre, 
and  it  is  then  supposed  that  a  certain  party  will  denounce 
him ;  but  I  flatter  myself  that  his  party  is  •  so  well  taken,  and 
his  principles  so  much  as  I  wish  them,  that  whatever  they  are 
he  will  carry  them  through. 

Various  reports  have  been  this  day  circulated  here,  most  of 
which  I  suspect  to  have  originated  in  stockbroking  finesse  ;  but, 
whatever  they  are,  I  think  it  necessary  to  mention  them.  One 
says  a  cessation  of  arms  has  taken  place  for  three  months 
between  the  Emperor,  the  King  of  Prussia,  and  the  French ; 
and  another  says  that  England,  Holland  and  France  have 
arranged  matters  so  that  there  will  be  no  war. 

The  Royal  family  are  in  perfect  good  health,  and  His 
Majesty  as  well  as  the  Queen  and  his  sister  are  perfectly 
reconcile'd  to  their  fate  whatever  it  may  be  ;  I  understand  His 
Majesty  has  been  in  better  spirits  since  his  trial  began  than  he 
has  ever  been  since  he  entered  the  Temple. 

Notwithstanding  every  effort  they  are  using  to  put  their 
fleet  in  some  sort  of  order,  they  are  totally  at  a  loss  for  officers  ; 
and  for  that  reason  are  giving  the  command  of  what  ships  they 
can  fit  out  to  the  captains  of  merchantmen.  Their  inferior 
officers  are  ignorant  sailors,  and  every  ship  they  have,  I  under- 
stand, is  totally  without  discijDline. 

I  think  it  necessary  to  acquaint  you,  that  one,  Thomson,  a 
bookseller,  who  was  Delegate  to  Division  No.  5  of  a  society, 


Monro's  personal  danger.  277 

that  I  became  a  member  of  in  order  to  see  what  was  going  on 
there,  and  at  similar  societies  arrived  here  last  week.  As  you 
may  perhaps  be  unacquainted  with  this  circumstance,  Mr 
Nepean  will  explain  it  to  you.  This  man  recollected  my  face 
and  reported  that  I  was  a  spy  in  London  and  that  I  was  here 
for  the  same  purpose.  I  of  course  checked  him  personally  for 
this,  and  others  that  have  assisted  him  in  spreading  this  report, 
but  in  all  the  coffee-houses  it  still  gains  ground.  You  may  how- 
ever assure  them  whom  I  have  the  honor  of  being  employed  by, 
that  however  much  my  character  may  suffer  or  my  person  be  in 
danger,  nothing  will  ever  force  me  to  commit  them ;  they  may 
therefore  rest  perfectly  easy  on  that  head,  and  I  flatter  myself  I 
have  taken  such  steps,  that,  whatever  may  be  done  in  a  legal 
way,  (if  the  mob  does  not  interfere)  will  perfectly  acquit  me  of 
whatever  may  be  alleged  against  me.  But  I  do'nt  think  there  is 
the  smallest  prospect  of  its  going  to  that  length ;  but  in  case  it 
should  I  have  taken  every  precaution  that  prudence  could 
dictate. 

Before  this  I  presume  you  have  seen  Mr  Martin ;  I  have 
seen  nothing  of  the  gentleman  that  was  to  call  upon  me  since 
he  left  me,  if  he  will  give  me  his  address,  or  that  of  any  of  his 
other  friends  I  will  call  upon  them,  as  they  might  be  useful  to 
me  in  many  respects. 

The  society  of  our  friends  here  presented  an  address  to  the 
Jacobin  Club  last  night,  and  mean  to  present  a  similar  one  to 
the  National  Convention  to-day ;  the  nature  of  these  addresses 
I  have  not  been  able  as  yet  to  learn,  but  hope  by  next  post  to 
give  you  some  account  of  them.  I  think  I  told  you  that  Mr 
Frost  and  a  number  of  our  other  friends  have  withdrawn  from 
this  society,  but  they  have  been  reinforced  by  Captain  Perry, 
who  means  to  publish  his  Argus  here. 
Half  past  11  o'clock  a.m. 


Paris,  January  13th,  1793. 

I  embrace  this  opportunity  of  writing  you  a  few  lines  by 
a  friend  of  Mr  Somers's  who  leaves  Paris  for  England  this 
eveninsf. 


278  JANUARY,   1793. 

Mr  Brissot  in  his  official  report  from  the  Comite  Diplo- 
matique states  that  France  as  a  powerful  Republic  has  been 
grossly  insulted,  and  treaties  infringed  and  broken  by  some  late 
proceedings  of  the  Court  of  St  James'sj  that  the  Republic  ought 
therefore  to  insist  upon  the  immediate  repeal  of  the  Alien  Bill, 
the  bill  respecting  the  paper  currency  of  France,  and  a  revo- 
cation of  the  embargo  laid  upon  a  variety  of  ships  in  different 
ports  of  England  and  Ireland,  laden  with  corn  and  provisions 
for  France  ;  and  that  the  executive  council  ought  also  to  direct 
their  Minister  in  London  to  insist  upon  a  speedy  reparation  for 
the  insult  offered  to  France  by  the  first  mentioned  bill.  The 
impression  of  this  report  was  ordered,  and  the  executive  council 
are  charged  to  direct  the  Minister  of  the  Republic  at  the  Court 
of  St  James's  to  insist  upon  a  prompt  and  categorical  answer  to 
the  above  specific  demands.  You  may  therefore  expect  this  to  be 
made  directly,  if  it  has  not  taken  place  before  you  receive  this. 

The  preamble  to  this  report  states  how  vulnerable  the 
British  Empire  is  in  a  variety  of  places ;  our  possessions  in  the 
East  and  West  Indies  are  immediately  to  fall,  Ireland  is  to  re- 
volt, Canada  and  Nova  Scotia  are  to  be  attacked,  the  resources 
of  England  are  almost  exhausted,  its  inhabitants  are  in  general 
discontented  with  its  present  constitution,  and  the  people  so 
oppressed  with  taxes  that  they  will  not  contribute  to  the 
expense  of  a  war.  The  whole  of  this  nonsensical  report  ends  with 
the  thread-bare  story  of  the  war  :  "  should  it  take  place,  it  ought 
to  be  considered  as  the  war  of  the  Minister,  and  not  of  the 
British  nation,  and  that  the  Republic  of  France  will  refer  it  to 
their  justice  "  ;  I  forgot  to  say  that  they  also  insist  upon  England 
disarming  immediately. 

Robespierre  made  a  trial  of  his  strength  last  night  at  the 
Comddie  Francaise.  The  Municipality  of  Paris  had  decreed  that 
a  new  piece  called  L'ami  des  lois  which  was  very  popular  should 
not  be  again  performed.  This  is  a  very  aristocratical  piece,  and 
a  severe  satire  upon  the  present  anarchy,  and  the  unjust  pro- 
ceedings against  the  King.  The  piece  notwithstanding  the 
decree  was  performed.  Robespierre's  party  opposed  it,  but  were 
much  too  weak ;  the  Mayor  was  sent  for,  and  General  Santerre 
arrived  with  twelve  hundred  horse ;    both  the  Mayor  and  he 


KING    CONDEMNED   TO    DEATH.  279 

were  obliged  to  sit  in  a  box  till  the  opinion  of  the  National 
Convention  was  taken  upon  the  business.  They  passed  the 
order  of  the  day  upon  it^  and  the  play  again  commenced  and 
continued  till  the  end  without  any  further  interruption.  The 
Mayor  and  General  Santerre  were  obliged  I  understand  to  stay 
till  its  conclusion.  Similar  riots  were  attempted  in  other 
quarters  of  the  town  but  with  as  little  success  ;  no  lives  have 
been  lost  and  everything  is  at  present  quiet :  disturbances  are 
however  expected  tomorrow,  but  I  flatter  myself  such  precautions 
are  taken  that  nothing  will  happen. 

As  soon  as  the  King's  business  is  finished  I  shall  lose  no 
time  in  communicating  the  result  of  it  to  you  by  Mr  L — g. 
I  am  this  moment  informed  from  very  good  authority,  that 
a  counter-revolution  has  commenced  at  Rouen,  they  have 
burnt  the  tree  of  Liberty,  mounted  the  white  cockade,  and  have 
sent  the  Republic  to  the  Devil,  while  they  are  shouting  Yive  le 
Roi.     At  this  exact  period  such  a  circumstance  is  unlucky. 

General  Custine  has  met  with  another  defeat  in  which  he 
has  lost  seven  thousand  men  and  is  now  besieged  in  Mayence. 
Excuse  this  hasty  scrawl  which  I  have  scarce  time  to  finish,  as 
the  gentleman  is  just  going  and  I  have  only  known  an  hour  of 
his  intended  departure. 


January  2lst,  1793. 

I  am  sorry  it  has  fallen  to  my  lot  to  be  the  messenger  of 
the  most  disagreeable  intelligence,  that  I,  or  any  one  else  was 
perhaps  ever  obliged  to  communicate.  The  National  Convention 
after  sitting  near  thirty-four  hours  on  Thursday'  night,  voted 
that  the  punishment  of  death  should  be  inflicted  upon  His 
Most  Christian  Majesty.  This  unjust,  and  iniquitous  judgment 
was  carried  by  a  majority  of  rather  more  than  a  hundred  ;  fifty 
of  this  number,  though  they  voted  for  death,  differed  in  opinion 
from  the  rest  in  respect  to  the  time  it  should  be  inflicted ;  some 
thinking  it  should  not  be  put  in  execution  till  the  war  was 
finished,  and  others  proposing  it  should  bo  postponed,  till  llic 

1  Jan.  17. 


280  JANUARY,   1793. 

voice    of  the    people    was    taken  :     Pdthion   and  many  of  the 
leading  members  voted  for  death  with  these  restrictions. 

The  sudden  turn  the  opinions  of  the  majority  of  the 
National  Convention  took,  after  what  I  at  different  times  have 
had  the  honour  of  communicating  to  you  can  be  more  easily 
imagined  than  described  ;  the  King's  friends  were  confounded, 
and  amazement  was  strongly  painted  in  the  face  of  most  men  I 
had  an  opportunity  of  speaking  to :  few  of  the  members  who 
went  to  the  National  Convention  on  Thursday  morning  with  a 
positive  resolution  voted  as  they  intended ;  this  sudden  change 
in  their  sentiments  can  therefore  only  be  imputed  to  fear  or 
some  such  other  base  princij)le  :  that  there  was  however  some 
reason  for  this  must  be  allowed,  for,  notwithstanding  a  report 
made  to  the  Convention  to  the  contrary,  the  mob  had  become 
very  alarming,  and  had  even  threatened  some  of  the  members, 
particularly  Mr  Villette,  whom  they  threatened  to  massacre  if 
he  did  not  vote  for  the  death  of  His  Majesty. 

If  this  was  not  the  cause  of  such  a  sudden  change  in  opinion 
it  can  then  only  be  imputed  to  political  views,  which  had  for 
their  object  England  and  Spain  making  some  proposals  to  save 
the  life  of  His  Majesty.  For  this  reason  they  came  suddenly  to 
the  resolution  of  passing  sentence  of  death  upon  him,  in  hopes 
if  possible  to  intimidate  these  two  nations,  whom  they  naturally 
suppose  much  interested  for  the  life  of  the  King.  For  this 
reason  also,  it  is  supposed  death  will  not  yet  be  inflicted  upon 
him,  in  order  to  give  these  nations  an  opportunity  of  making 
proposals  if  they  wish  it :  but  should  either  of  them  declare  war 
it  is  said  His  Majesty  will  immediately  be  put  to  death.  This 
opinion  Mr  Somers  had  from  some  of  the  members  of  the  Comite 
de  defense  gdn^ral ;  I  however  think  it  my  duty  to  remark 
that  this  worthy  and  well  informed  gentleman  is  so  much 
attached  to  His  Royal  Master,  that  on  this  occasion  he  may 
perhaps  have  thrown  out  such  a  hint  in  hope  it  might  at  least 
be  tried  by  one  of  these  powers  in  order  if  possible  to  save 
the  life  of  the  King.  I  am  however  myself  really  much  afraid 
if  His  Majesty  is  not  already  dead  he  can  scarcely  be  saved.  The 
day  I  left  Paris  there  were  some  thousands  of  armed  men 
parading  in  different  parts  of  the  city  ready  to  commit  any  sort 


PHILIPPE    EGALITI^;.  281 

of  riot,  and  threatening  destruction  should  the  King  not  be  put 
to  death. 

I  cannot  express  the  horror  that  was  painted  even  in  the 
countenance  of  every  individual  in  the  National  Convention 
where  the  very  worst  of  the  very  worst  of  mankind  are 
assembled,  when  Egalite  gave  his  vote  for  the  death  of  His 
King  and  relation ;  Manuel  in  a  very  proper  and  spirited 
manner  attacked  him  upon  it.  This  execrable  branch  of  the 
House  of  Bourbon  has  had  a  remittance  of  more  than  twenty 
thousand  livres  sent  him  lately  from  England ;  this  in  some 
manner  contributes  to  the  payment  of  the  assassins  he  and 
Robespierre  have  now  in  pay. 

The  King  is  perfectly  reconciled  to  his  fate,  the  situation  of 
Her  Majesty,  Madame  Elizabeth,  and  the  Princess  Royal  is 
melancholy  indeed.  The  last  mentioned  of  this  Royal  Family 
has  for  some  time  past  been  unwell,  and  the  indelicate  conver- 
sation that  took  place  in  the  Convention  upon  the  Queen 
applying  for  her  physician  is  not  to  be  described.  The  Dauphin 
is  perfectly  well  and  universally  beloved  by  all  ranks  of  people. 
Should  they  attempt  to  put  the  King  to  death  horrid  scenes 
will  then  happen  in  Paris,  indeed  every  one's  mind  is  already 
prepared  for  it,  and  in  order  to  intimidate  the  Royal  party 
nothing  but  proscriptions  and  massacres  are  held  out  by  Robes- 
pierre's party.  One  list  is  said  to  contain  the  names  of  more 
than  forty  thousand  people.  Many  of  the  members  of  the 
National  Convention  I  have  spoke  with  never  expect  to  escape, 
and  fear  possesses  the  mind  of  the  strongest. 

The  counter-revolution  that  was  begun  in  Normandy  was 
so  miserably  conducted  that  it  scarcely  merits  being  mentioned  : 
the  ringleaders  were  soon  seized,  and  are  now  in  prison,  but  that 
province  as  well  as  a  majority  of  the  others  are  for  saving 
the  life  of  His  Majesty,  and  discontent  and  the  dread  of  war 
with  England  reigns  through  them  all. 

As  I  could  commit  nothing  regularly  to  paper  in  Paris,  I 
shall  have  the  honour  of  communicating  tlie  remainder  of  my 
intelligence  to  you  some  time  to-day,  as  I  can  extract  it  from 
the  almost  unintelligible  notes  I  have. 

Monday  morning  7  o'clock. 


282  JANUARY,   1798. 

London,  January  21st,  1793. 

Mr  McDonald  who  I  think  writes  for  the  Morning  Post, 
and  two  other  men  who  call  themselves  Sheares  and  are 
brothers,  set  off  from  Paris  on  Wednesday  with  an  intention 
of  going  either  to  England  or  Ireland  by  way  of  Ostend.  These 
three  people  particularly  the  two  last  are  men  of  the  most 
violent  disposition,  and  are  capable  of  executing  the  most 
desperate  designs.  If  they  cannot  succeed  in  breeding  disturb- 
ances in  Ireland,  which  I  think  they  mean  to  attempt,  I  am 
sure  they  will  not  hesitate  in  attempting  to  set  fire  to  the 
dockyards  or  in  doing  this  country  any  other  kind  of  injury  in 
their  power. 

The  Sheares  are  tall  men,  about  six  foot  high,  and  the 
eldest  has  a  large  purple  scar  upon  the  right  side  of  his  face. 
Mr  McDonald  is  perfectly  known  in  London. 

As  I  passed  through  the  provinces,  more  than  three-fourths 
of  every  Department  I  spoke  to  were  very  averse  to  putting 
His  Majesty  to  death,  and  I  am  confident  that  France  has  never 
been  so  torn  to  pieces  by  party  since  the  Revolution  began  as 
it  is  now,  and  I  am  well  convinced  that,  if  they  were  left  to 
themselves  for  a  short  time,  the  unavoidable  consequence  would 
be  a  civil  war.  If  it  was  possible  to  prevent  the  exportation  of 
horses  it  might  put  the  French  to  a  considerable  inconvenience, 
as  they  procure  vast  quantities  of  horses  from  England  ;  on  the 
road  I  met  with  several  strings.  Many  of  their  regiments  are 
at  present  dismounted  for  want  of  horses  and  before  the  winter 
is  at  an  end  there  will  be  still  more. 


DIARY 


OF    THE    SECOND 


VISCOUNT    PALMERSTON 

IN   FRANCE. 
July  6— August  31,  1791. 


DIAEY. 

1791,  July  Uh.  Set  out  for  Dover  at  half  past  one,  arrived 
there  at  ten.  Found  the  Packet  just  going  to  sail,  embarked 
and  got  out  of  the  harbour  a  little  after  twelve.  Fair  wind  but 
very  little,  great  swell.  Got  to  Calais  about  four.  Went  to  bed 
at  Dessains. 

July  1th.  Set  out  about  two  o'clock  for  Paris  by  the 
Flanders  road,  received  a  pass  from  the  municipality  of  Calais, 
which  is  granted  of  course  without  any  further  trouble  than 
sending  a  "  Laquais  de  Place"  for  it,  but  which  is  examined 
often  on  the  road.  To  Ardres  2  Posts,  La  Pecousse  1,  to 
St  Omer  2,  to  Aire  2. 

The  road  is  very  good  and  the  country  in  general  after  you 
pass  Ardres  fine  and  prettily  diversified.  The  crops  upon  the 
ground  are  very  fine. 

We  were  advised  at  Calais  to  put  national  Cockades  in  our 
hats,  which  we  did,  but  I  believe  it  was  not  necessary.  Aire  is 
a  dull  melancholy  town  and  the  inn  bad.    Day  fine.    Miles  35. 

July  8th.  To  Lillers  1^  Posts,  Bethune  1|,  Touchet  2, 
Arras  1|,  Hervillers  2,  Bapaume  1,  Sailly  1,  Peronne  1^. 

As  far  as  Peronne  the  road  lies  through  a  fine  rich  country, 
generally  open  but  beautifully  diversified  with  woods  villages 
and  inequality  of  ground.  We  passed  several  fine  abbeys 
situated  on  commanding  eminences  whose  appearance  is  mag- 
nificent. All  these  I  was  told  are  broke  up  and  together  with 
their  estates  are  upon  sale.  This  idea  gave  me  concern  and 
impressed  me  with  those  melancholy  reflexions  that  attend  the 
destructions  of  ancient  splendid  institutions.  The  present 
Government  of  France  may  subsist  for  a  while  on  those  spoils, 
but  it  appears  to  me  that  the  country  must  suffer,  as  these 
possessions  cannot  fall  into  the  hands  of  such  good  landlords  as 
the  last,  and  the  numerous  poor  who  were  assisted  by  them 


ARRIVAL    AT   PARIS.  285 

must  either  starve  or  become  a  charge  upon  the  publick.  The 
fortifications  which  we  saw  seem  going  to  decay,  and  we  have 
not  seen  the  face  of  a  custom  house  officer  who  used  to  stop 
passengers  at  the  entrance  of  most  of  them.  Beyond  Peronne, 
which  is  properly  the  ancient  limit  of  France,  we  found  the 
country  much  worse,  less  beautiful  and  less  well  cultivated.  In 
all  the  former  part  of  our  journey  we  were  much  struck  with 
the  goodness  of  the  crops  of  all  kinds  of  grain.  We  likewise  saw 
much  flax  and  great  quantities  of  poppies  of  which  they  make 
oil.     To  Marche  le  Pot  1-|  Posts.     To  Fonches  1.     To  Roye  1. 

Some  rain  in  the  morning :  fine  afterwards.     Miles  80. 

Juhj  9th.  To  Conchy  1^  Posts.  Cuvilly  1  P.  Flat,  ugly 
country  greatly  inferior  in  every  respect  to  what  I  saw  yesterday. 
Gournay  1  P.  Bois  de  Lihen  li^  P.  Pont  St  Maxence  1 J  P. 
Country  much  improved,  Pont  St  Maxence  a  town  on  the  Oise 
with  a  handsome  new  bridge  and  the  Seine  round  it  pretty. 

Senlis  1^  P.  Chappelle  en  Serval  1  P.  Lanvres  Ih  P. 
Bourget  1|.  Paris  IJ.  The  journey  from  Senlis  is  uninteresting 
till  you  come  near  Paris,  when  the  prospect  opens  and  presents 
several  interesting  objects,  such  as  the  Abbay  of  St  Denis, 
Chateau  d'  Ecouen  belonging  to  the  Prince  of  Cond^,  the  Hill 
of  Montmartre  and  several  others,  together  with  the  town  itself 
which  however  does  not  show  itself  on  that  side  in  a  very 
conspicuous  manner. 

I  found  the  roads  good  and  the  Posts  well  served,  and  as  my 
carriage  was  light  I  was  driven  at  the  rate  of  nearly  a  Post  and 
a  half  which  is  equal  to  7h  miles  in  the  hour.  Weather  fine. 
Miles  55.  Went  to  the  Italians  where  I  heard  a  very  pretty 
comick  opera  as  far  as  relates  to  the  musick  and  the  acting. 
The  musick  is  very  Italian  but  the  stile  of  singing  quite  French 
and  a  severe  strain  upon  ears  that  are  not  in  the  habit  of  hearing 
it.  No  good  company  there.  Went  to  take  a  turn  in  the 
Palais  Royal  which  is  the  great  rendezvous  of  all  sorts  of  people 
at  night  and  indeed  throughout  the  day.  Excessively  bad 
company  and  in  a  much  worse  stile  than  anything  I  remember 
here  formerly. 

Sunday, /»/_y  10th.  .Went  with  the  Vicompte  de  Noailles 
to  the  National  Assembly,  not  a  day  of  much  business  but  was 


286  JULY,  1791. 

glad  to  see  their  forms  and  appearance  by  that  means  at  my 
ease.    The  room  is  very  long,  fitted  up  with  rows  of  benches  some- 
thing like  our  House  of  Commons  or  perhaps  something  more 
like  Westminster  Hall  during  a  trial,  though  infinitely  inferior. 
The  president  sits  in  the  middle  of  one  side  and  the  tribune  or 
desk   from   which  reports  and  regular   speeches  are  made  is 
opposite   him.     At   each  end  are  great  galleries  raised  which 
hold  large  numbers  and  are  filled  with  very  low  people.     On 
the  sides  are  smaller  galleries  which  are  rather  more  select  in 
their  company  and  more  difficult  to  get  admittance  to.     The 
confusion  and  want  of  order  is  very  extraordinary  at  first  and 
the  president's  bell  has  a  very  odd  effect..    There  are  several 
officers  of  the  Assembly  who  walk  about  in  the  middle  and 
endeavour  to  keep  silence.     All  the  end  of  the  house  on  the 
president's  right  hand  is  given  up  to  the  malcontents  and  his 
left  to  the  supporters  of  the  new  order  of  things.     The  great 
question  that  agitates  the  minds  of  people  at  present  is  the 
decision  upon  the  measures  to  be  taken  respecting  the  King,  who 
since  he  has  been  brought  back  remains  in  confinement  with  his 
family,  not  separated  though  obliged  to  have  an  officer  con- 
stantly in  the  next  room  with  the  door  open,  and  all  his  functions 
in  a  state  of  suspension  by  a  decree  of  the  Assembly,  till  some 
further  determination  is  com.e  to.     The  question  of  what  is  to 
be  done  is  referred  to  a  committee  who  are  to  make  their  report 
in  a  day  or  two.     Their  opinion  and  that  of  a  most  decisive 
majority  of  the  members  of  the  Assembly  is  known  to  be  in 
favour  of  the  King,  and  for  passing  over  what  has  happened,  and 
restoring  him  to  the   same   sitviation  in  which  he  was  before, 
except  that  I  suppose  he  will  be  better  watched.     The  com- 
mittee to  whom  this  was  referred  consists  of  all  the  members  of 
the  other  principal  committees  united,  and  amounts  to  80  or  90 
persons,  being  the  principal  men  of  business  in  the  Assembly ; 
of  these  only  three  were  against  the  King.    Out  of  the  Assembly 
the  opinions  (of  those  at  least  who  declare  them)  seem  as  violent 
and  as  prevalent  the  other  way,  and  the  addresses  sent  up  daily 
to  the  Assembly  breathe  nothing  but  resentment  against  the 
King  and  an  eagerness  that  the  most  violent  measures  should  be 
taken  against  him. 


AN    EVENING   AT   THE   JACOBIN    CLUB.  287 

In  the  evening  I  went  to  a  meeting  of  the  Jacobins  Club 
which  is  extremely  numerous  and  consists  indifferently  of  those 
who  are  and  those  who  are  not  members  of  the  Assembly.  It  was 
extremely  full,  not  much  less  than  1000  persons.  The  question  to 
be  debated  was  an  adjourned  one,  it  consisted  of  several  points,  viz, 
can  the  King  be  tried  ?  ought  he  to  be  tried  ?  who  should  try  him  ? 
and  how  should  he  be  tried  ?  Two  speeches  took  up  the  whole 
time.  The  first  was  by  a  Mons^  Goupel,  an  old  man  who 
spoke  for  the  King ;  very  diffuse  and  without  method,  and  very 
indiscreet  as  he  rested  chiefly  on  the  absolute  inviolability  of 
the  King  in  all  possible  cases,  an  argument  and  a  position  not 
at  all  suited  to  the  present  temper  of  the  times.  He  was  heard 
or  rather  not  heard  with  a  kind  of  indignation  and  tumult  that 
can  scarce  be  described.  After  him  Mons'".  Brissot,  (both  of 
them  members  of  the  National  Assembly)  read  a  speech  very 
violent  and  inflammatory  to  prove  that  the  King's  person  was 
inviolable  only  for  those  Acts  of  Government  which  are  trans- 
acted through  his  Ministers,  that  there  was  a  case  in  which  he 
was  personally  answerable,  that  he  ought  to  be  tried  for  his 
conduct  and  that  there  was  no  danger  to  be  apprehended  from 
foreign  powers  on  that  account.  His  speech  was  lively  and  full 
of  declamation,  well  suited  to  the  temper  of  his  audience  who 
received  it  with  such  continued  bursts  of  applause  as  almost 
deafened  me  for  the  rest  of  the  evening.  He  was  very  deficient 
in  point  of  argument  and  totally  passed  over  what  are  con- 
sidered as  the  most  material  grounds  by  those  who  hold  the 
other  opinion.  These  are  first  how  the  King  can  be  said  to 
have  committed  any  crime  by  withdrawing  himself,  it  being 
clear  that  there  is  no  decree  or  existing  law  to  make  it  so,  the 
only  one  that  could  have  had  that  effect  not  having  passed  or 
been  presented  for  the  King's  sanction.  The  argument  therefore 
is  this  ;  The  King  has  made  himself  perfectly  contemptible  and 
shewn  he  cannot  be  trusted,  but  he  is  not  guilty  of  any  breach 
of  the  law,  therefore  he  cannot  legally  be  punished  or  deposed, 
and  if  he  could,  it  would  be  highly  inexpedient  to  do  so,  because 
in  addition  to  the  general  resentment  of  all  foreign  powers  such 
an  attempt  would  divide  the  country  and  produce  a  civil  war  at 
home.    Mons"".  Brissot's  speech  however  was  perfectly  satisfactory 


288  JULY,  1701. 

to  his  audience,  and  the  shouts  of  applause  given  by  so  many 
hundred  people  on  such  a  subject  shewed  a  kind  of  ferocious- 
ness of  disposition  which  was  infinitely  disgusting  to  a  moderate 
mind.  It  was  ordered  to  be  printed  and  distributed  over  the 
country  which  I  doubt  not  will  be  much  inflamed  by  it.  This 
transaction  of  last  night  and  the  similar  spirit  which  seems  to 
prevail  among  the  people  at  large  puts  the  National  Assembly 
in  a  very  awkward  and  difficult  situation,  and  is  very  likely  to 
create  a  division  between  them  and  the  people  at  large  and  the 
"  Gardes  Nationales."  If  that  happens  to  a  serious  degree,  and 
sooner  or  later  it  must  happen,  their  power  and  authority  is 
gone  and  they  will  be  turned  out,  as  the  English  Parliament  was 
who  voted  for  treating  with  King  Charles,  If  that  should 
happen  I  do  not  see  what  is  to  succeed  them  but  confusion, 
anarchy,  weakness,  ruin,  and  as  the  natural  consequence  of  all 
this,  despotism.     Much  rain  in  the  night. 

Monday,  July  11.  The  procession  of  Voltaire  which  was  to 
have  taken  place  early  this  morning  was  deferred  on  account  of 
the  bad  weather.  Breakfasted  at  Lord  Sheffield's.  Made  some 
visits.  Dined  with  Monsieur  de  Noailles,  Pelhara  and  Tarlton,  at 
Robert's  a  Restaurateur  or  tavern-keeper  in  the  buildings  of 
the  Palais  Royal  famous  for  his  good  cookery.  The  dinner  was 
very  well  dressed  but  dirty  and  ill-served.  The  conversation  as 
usual  political.  The  plan  of  many  in  the  Assembly  is  to  restore 
the  King  to  the  same  nominal  situation  he  possessed  before,  but  to 
give  him  a  council  who  are  in  truth  to  act  for  him,  and  as  far  as 
I  understand  are  to  be  responsible  for  that  part  of  his  conduct 
as  King,  which  is  separate  from  the  functions  of  his  ministers. 
The  queen  is  now  scarce  mentioned  and  her  excuse  for  her 
flight,  viz.,  that  she  attended  the  King  her  husband,  is  fully 
admitted,  so  that  those  who  wish  to  try  the  King  have  no  view 
against  her.  In  reality  the  true  object  of  most  of  them  who  are 
professed  republicans  is  by  a  formal  sentence  of  deposition  to 
put  a  final  end  to  the  monarchy,  and  the  idea  of  declaring  the 
Dauphin  King  with  a  regency  is  only  held  out  to  draw  on  those 
who  are  less  decided.  Monsieur  de  Noailles  was  one  of  the  two 
deputies  of  the  Assembly  sent  out  on  the  alarm  of  the  mob  who 
had  surroTmded  the  coach  when  the  Queen  was  to  get  o^^t  at 


PROCESSION    OF   VOLTAIRE.  289 

the  Tuilleries.  The  pretence  was  to  prevent  the  Gardes  de 
Corps  from  being  torn  to  pieces  but  the  real  object  was  to 
secure  the  Queen.  When  they  came  they  found  all  order  at  an 
end  and  the  National  Guards  absolutely  inactive  in  keeping  off 
the  people,  who  were  between  the  coach  and  the  steps  in  such 
temper  and  numbers  as  would  have  made  it  very  dangerous  if 
practicable  to  have  conveyed  the  Queen  through  them.  La 
Fayette,  who,  though  personally  brave,  has  no  presence  of  mind 
or  decision,  was  haranguing  them  to  little  purpose  and  holding 
up  his  sword  with  both  his  hands,  and  declaring  he  would  break 
it  (i.e.  give  up  his  command)  if  he  was  not  better  obeyed.  The 
deputies  however  by  proclaiming  in  the  name  of  the  Assembly 
and  the  law  that  every  good  citizen  must  draw  back,  at  length 
with  difficulty  made  such  an  opening  as  enabled  them  to  convey 
the  Queen,  one  having  hold  of  her  arm  on  each  side,  in  safety  to 
the  steps. 

This  afternoon  the  procession  of  Voltaire  took  place  though 
the  weather  was  very  unfavourable  as  it  was  found  inconvenient 
to  defer  it.  It  was  very  long,  but  a  great  part  of  it  consisted  of 
very  shabby,  ill-dressed  people  whose  appearance  was  made 
worse  by  the  mud  and  dirt  they  had  collected.  Great 
quantities  of  National  Guards  attended;  but  in  disorder  and 
without  arms,  except  such  as  were  on  duty.  Deputations  of 
different  orders  of  people  and  among  others  the  Academy.  A 
figure  of  Voltaire,  very  like  him,  in  a  gown  was  carried  first 
sitting^  in  an  elbow  chair,  and  afterwards  came  the  coffin  on  a 
very  fine  triumphal  car  drawn  by  twelve  beautiful  gray  horses 
four  abreast.  The  coffin  was  covered  and  over  it  a  waxen  figure 
was  laid  on  a  bed.  After  having  made  a  great  circuit  round  the 
town  they  came  to  the  house  of  the  Marquis  de  Villette,  who  is 
married  to  Voltaire's  niece  and  where  he  died.  There  the 
figures  stopped,  a  kind  of  hymn  was  sung,  Madame  Villette  and 
her  child  came  down,  mounted  the  car  and  embraced  the  figure 
and  then  with  several  other  ladies  followed  it  on  foot,  during 
the  remainder  of  the  procession,  to  the  new  Church  of 
St  Genevieve  where  it  is  to  be  deposited. 

There  is  a  Committee  appointed  to  revise  all  the  Decrees  of 
the  Assembly  and  to  select  and  arrange  such  as  are  permanent 
G.  c.  ID 


290  .  JULY,  1791. 

and  out  of  them  to  form  a  plan  of  a  Constitution ;  and  the  idea 
of  many  persons  is  to  present  this  to  the  King,  supposing  him 
restored  to  his  situation,  and  to  give  him  his  choice  whether  he 
will  accept  it  or  not  and  if  he  declines  it  to  give  him  full  liberty 
to  retire. 

Wednesday,  July  \^ih.  On  this  day  the  report  of  the 
Committees,  to  whom  united  the  consideration  of  the  King's 
flight  and  the  measures  to  be  taken  thereon  was  referred,  made 
their  report.  The  tendency  of  this  was  to  consider  the  whole 
business  as  a  plot  of  Monsieur  de  Boville  who  had  deceived  the 
king  and,  by  filling  his  mind  with  false  apprehensions,  induced 
him  to  leave  his  capital  in  order  afterwards  to  overturn  the 
Constitution  and  introduce  foreign  armies  into  France.  It 
proposed  therefore  that  the  Assembly  should  decree  that 
Monsieur  Bovilld  and  all  the  other  persons  concerned  in  the 
king's  flight  should  be  proceeded  against,  and  such  of  them  as 
were  in  custody  should  be  tried  by  the  High  Court  established 
for  that  purpose  at  Orleans.  At  the  same  time  the  Rapporteur 
said  that  the  Committees  did  not  consider  the  king's  flight  as  a 
constitutional  crime  in  him,  and  that  if  it  was  so  the  Inviola- 
bility belonging  to  his  person  did  not  allow  his  being  tried  for 
it.  This  report,  on  which  the  Committees  were  almost 
unanimous,  was  well  received  by  the  Assembly.  Motions  were 
made  to  put  off  the  consideration  of  it  till  it  was  printed  which 
was  rejected,  and  it  was  determined  to  be  proceeded  on  immedi- 
ately and  that  no  other  business  should  intervene.  Accordingly 
Monsieur  Petion,  a  popular  leader,  made  a  violent  speech  against 
the  report  and  for  bringing  the  king  to  a  trial.  When  he  had 
finished  the  Assembly  adjourned. 

Thursday,  July  IHh.  The  Assembly  continued  their  debate 
and  adjourned  it  again.  A  violent  party  is  rising  in  Paris 
among  the  lower  class  of  people  against  the  j^lan  of  not  trying 
the  king. 

This  was  the  anniversary  of  the  Federation  and  was  again 
celebrated  in  the  Chamjj  de  Mars.  Mr  Pelham  and  I  got  an 
order  to  go  into  the  Ecole  militaire,  which  commands  the  whole 
scene.  There  were  by  all  accounts  considerably  fewer  troops 
than  last  year  and  the  bridge  over  the  Seine  and  the  triumphal 


FETE   OF   THE   FEDERATION.  291 

arch  were  not  there,  but  the  weather  was  fine  and  the 
concourse  of  people  on  that  account  was  greater  than  before. 
The  procession  as  it  entered  passed  before  the  Ecole  militaire, 
but  the  fine  object  was  the  general  coup  d'oeil  of  the  whole 
multitude  when  collected.  So  many  troops  and  such  a  number 
of  people  were  I  dare  say  never  assembled  before  in  a  place  so 
formed  to  shew  them  to  advantage  without  a  possibility  of  any 
considerable  inconvenience  from  the  crowd.  The  area  is 
900  yards  long  and  about  half  that  extent  in  breadth.  The 
great  altar,  which  is  a  building  raised  high  from  the  ground  to 
which  four  ample  flights  of  steps  in  a  circular  form  lead  up,  and 
on  which  altogether  I  doubt  not  but  2000  persons  might  stand, 
is  in  the  middle.  The  Ecole  militaire,  a  very  handsome  build- 
ing, is  at  one  end ;  the  other  extends  nearly  to  the  Seine.  The 
whole  area  except  in  front  of  the  Ecole  militaire  is  surrounded  by 
a  bank  of  a  breadth  and  size  proportionable  to  the  place,  sloping 
inwards  down  to  the  area,  on  which  last  year  there  were 
benches  placed.  This  year  the  people  stood.  The  numbers  it 
would  contain  cannot  be  estimated.  The  people  of  Paris  were 
pouring  out  to  it  the  whole  morning  and  yet  it  was  not  half  full, 
though  at  a  little  distance  it  appeared  to  the  eye  of  a  spectator 
tolerably  well  covered.  The  troops  which  consisted  of  large 
detachments  of  the  Gardes  Nationales  of  Paris  and  all  the 
neighbourhood  I  should  suppose  might  amount  to  20,000, 
They  made  no  great  figure  in  the  area  but  they  kept  the  people 
out.  The  procession  consisted  besides  of  great  bodies  of  troops 
which  marched  with  them,  of  detachments  from  all  the  great 
bodies  of  people  concerned  in  all  the  departments  of  the 
government,  the  Courts  of  Justice,  the  Academies  and  various 
Societies  of  the  Capital.  The  National  Assembly  who  last  year 
attended  in  a  body  sent  this  year  a  deputation  of  24  members. 
The  whole  procession  marched  to  the  altar  where  were  already 
placed  about  GO  priests,  all  in  their  white  robes  of  ceremony ;  and 
as  candles  could  not  be  used  four  fires  were  kept  burning  at  the 
corners  in  vases  raised  on  vast  tripods  in  antique  forms.  The 
Avhole  altar  was  now  a  cluster  of  people;  and  the  banners  which 
every  Corps  carried  before  them  formed  a  circle  completely 
round     it.     The    Mass    attended    wiili    nuisick    took    u])    some 

19—2 


292  JULY,  1791. 

considerable  time  and  afterwards  the  banners  were  carried  in 
procession  round  the  altar  for  a  great  while  and  every  one  in  its 
turn  was  presented  and  had  a  long  ribbon  with  the  national 
colours  tied  to  it.  This  closed  the  business,  and  those  who  had 
formed  the  procession  marched  back  as  it  happened  without 
much  order.  A  little  before  the  end  the  people  contrived  to 
get  into  the  area  which  they  appeared  to  fill  and  by  that  means 
presented  a  new  scene  which  was  curious  in  a  different  way. 

The  Assembly  this  day  continued  their  debate  and  several 
members  delivered  regular  speeches  from  the  Tribune.  The 
debate  was  again  adjourned.  Great  fermentation  prevails  in 
the  town  where  great  pains  are  taken  by  persons  who  do  not 
give  themselves  so  much  trouble  gratis  to  exasperate  the  people 
against  the  King  and  to  induce  them  to  take  measures  to 
compel  the  Assembly  (whose  intention  is  now  well  known  to  be 
more  favourable  to  him)  to  bring  him  to  a  trial,  and  in 
consequence  of  that  to  proceed  to  his  deposition  at  least. 
Republican  principles  are  now  avowed  in  every  street ;  and  the 
Palais  Royal,  which  is  the  centre  of  discontented  politicians,  is 
filled  with  groups  who  are  listening  eagerly  to  a  number  of  little 
orators  who  are  zealous  and  indefatigable  in  propagating 
sedition.  Plans  were  proposed  for  assembling  in  great  bodies 
and  signing  on  the  altar  at  the  Champ  de  Mars  petitions,  or 
rather  requisitions,  to  the  Assembly  not  to  proceed  to  decide  the 
question  before  them  till  they  had  received  the  sense  of  the 
people.  It  was  observable  that,  though  the  numbers  were  great 
in  the  Palais  Royal  and  the  groups  large,  yet  the  speakers  and 
applauders  were  few.  The  rest  were  silent  and  gave  no  marks 
of  their  opinions. 

Friday,  July  loth.  The  Assembly  began  by  reading  an 
insolent  petition  of  the  kind  before  mentioned,  signed  by  about 
120  names  quite  obscure  and  some  of  them  ridiculous.  No 
notice  was  taken  of  it  and  the  debate  was  resumed.  Two 
speeches  were  made  in  favour  of  the  report  of  the  Committee, 
one  by  Monsieur  Salle,  the  other  by  Monsieur  Barnave  which 
were  very  good  and  produced  (particularly  the  first)  a  very  great 
effect  on  the  Assembly.  Monsieur  Salle,  who  maintained  the 
inviolability  of  the  king's  person  for  the  advantage  of  the  State, 


MEETING    OF   THE   ASSEMBLY.  293 

proposed  however  that  the  Assembly  should  decree  that  in 
future  a  King  who  should  make  war  upon  the  country  or  who 
should  retract  the  oath  he  had  taken  should  not  be  tried,  but 
considered  as  abdicating  his  throne  and  that  he  should  become 
liable  to  be  tried  for  any  acts  committed  after  such  abdication. 
These  propositions  which  were  to  have  no  retrospect  met  with 
general  approbation  and  were  directly  voted.  After  Mr 
Bamave's  speech  the  Assembly  determined  to  finish  the  discus- 
sion ;  the  question  was  put  and  the  proposal  of  the  Committee 
was  adopted  by  a  very  great  majority.  Those  who  were  of  a 
different  opinion  scarcely  shewed  themselves  as  it  is  not  the 
custom  to  proceed  to  any  division  or  to  number  the  votes 
except  in  very  nice  cases. 

The  members  of  the  opposition,  or  cote  droite,  of  course 
approved  of  this  measure  in  prefereuce  to  any  more  violent,  but, 
in  conformity  to  their  resolution  to  take  no  further  part  in  any- 
thing but  what  affects  the  King  personally  and  only  as  far  as  is 
necessary  for  his  service,  none  of  them  spoke  in  these  debates. 
In  the  evening  great  violence  was  shewn  by  particular  people 
about  the  town,  and  great  anxiety  seemed  to  prevail  among  the 
inhabitants  at  large  as  to  the  consequences.  The  Jacobins  met 
and  came  to  very  violent  resolutions  against  the  decrees  of  the 
Assembly  and  voted  addresses  to  the  other  clubs  of  the 
kingdom  to  join  them.  Detachments  of  mob  went  to  the 
different  theatres  after  the  representations  were  begun  in  order 
to  stop  them.  In  some  they  succeeded,  in  others  they  were 
prevented  by  the  Guards.  At  night  there  were  great 
assemblages  of  people  in  the  Palais  Royal.  To  disperse  these 
the  method  used  was,  to  march  detachments  of  Grenadiers  up 
and  down  the  gardens  and  always  through  the  thickest  of  the 
crowd,  by  which  means  the  orators  were  perpetually  interrupted. 

Saturday,  July  IQth.  This  day  the  town  was  much  in  the 
same  state  as  yesterday.  Matters  seem  to  be  ripening  for 
tomorrow,  when  petitions  and  associations  are  to  be  signed  at 
the  Champ  de  Mars.  The  Assembly  have  directed  the 
municipality  to  preserve  the  publick  peace  by  all  the  means 
the  law  puts  into  their  power. 

Sunday,  Juli/  I7th.     Tliis  morning  early  there  were  gather- 


294  JULY,  1791. 

ings  of  people  in  the  Champ  de  Mars,  and  very  unfortunately 
two  men  were  discovered  to  have  got  into  the  great  cavity 
under  the  Autel  de  la  Patrie  where  they  had  carried  their 
dinner  and  seemed  to  have  proposed  passing  the  whole  day. 
They  were  discovered  by  boring  holes  through  the  steps  and 
sides  of  the  place ;  and  the  only  conjecture  that  seems  to  have 
any  probability  with  regard  to  their  intentions,  is  that  they 
thought  they  should  see  what  might  happen  without  being 
crowded,  and  that  they  should  have  a  good  prospect  of  the 
women's  legs  who  might  come  up  the  steps.  One  of  them  is  said 
to  have  been  an  invalid  with  a  wooden  leg,  but  a  young  man. 
This  frolick  however  cost  them  very  dear  for  the  mob  immedi- 
ately decided  that  they  were  placed  there  to  blow  up  with 
powder  the  altar  with  all  the  most  zealous  friends  of  the  Patrie, 
and  seized  and  carried  them  before  some  little  inferior 
magistrates  of  the  Quarter.  But  finding  these  doubtful  and 
undecided  what  they  should  do,  they  took  them  away  again 
and  executed  them  themselves  with  many  circumstances  of 
inhumanity.  The  Municipality  of  Paris,  having  had  information 
the  day  before  that  a  large  body  of  people  were  to  meet  early 
at  the  ruins  of  the  Bastile  and  from  thence  proceed  to  the 
Champ  de  Mars,  had  met  early  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville  and  their 
chief  attention  had  been  directed  to  the  quarter  of  the  Bastile. 
There  however  nothing  passed  nor  was  any  mob  assembled. 
When  they  received  the  first  information  of  the  murder  at  the 
Champ  de  Mars,  they  immediately  sent  some  of  their  body  with 
a  battalion  of  Guards  to  act  as  the  occasion  should  require. 
The  accounts  they  received  from  these  Commissioners  were 
unsatisfactory  and  at  length  they  returned  to  inform  their 
brethren  of  the  very  disorderly  state  of  affairs.  That  they  had 
met  the  mob  carrying  the  heads  of  the  two  men  (which  is  a 
favourite  amusement)  on  poles,  that  one  of  the  bearers  had  been 
seized  but  afterwards  rescued,  that  a  man  had  attempted  to 
shoot  Monsieur  de  la  Fayette,  but  had  been  prevented,  that  the 
man  had  been  seized  but  released  at  the  desire  of  Monsieur  de 
la  Fayette,  that  on  proceeding  to  the  altar  they  had  found  a 
number  of  persons  signing  petitions  against  the  Decree  of  the 
15th,  that  the    National  Guard  had  been  repeatedly  insulted 


TUMULT  IN  THE  CHAMP  DE  MARS.  295 

and  driven  away,  that  on  the  Commissioners  presenting  them- 
selves to  remonstrate  they  had  been  very  ill  received,  but  that 
the  mob  had  insisted  on  sending  12  persons  on  their  part  as 
deputies  to  the  Hotel  de  Ville  who  were  waiting  without.  The 
Municipality  who  had  determined  immediately  before  the 
arrival  of  their  Commissioners  to  hang  out  the  drapeau  rouge 
which,  accompanied  with  a  proclamation  is  an  establishment  of 
martial  law,  and  to  proceed  in  a  body  accompanied  with  a  very 
strong  force  to  the  Champ  de  Mars,  agreed,  however,  to  stop  in 
order  to  hear  what  the  mob  ambassadors  had  to  offer.  These, 
however,  on  the  sight  of  the  drapeau  rouge  and  of  the  troops 
and  cannon  prepared  had  stepped  off  and  were  probably  gone 
back  to  apprize  their  friends.  The  expedition  now  proceeded. 
It  was  seven  in  the  evening  when  they  reached  the  Champ  de 
Mars — in  all  the  environs  of  which  they  found  great  crowds  of 
persons  who  appeared  as  spectators.  The  bank,  or  glacis,  as  it  is 
called,  on  each  side  the  opening  through  which  they  were  to 
enter  was  covered  with  people  who  began  to  insult  them  by 
calling  out,  a  bas  les  bayonettes,  a  bas  le  drapeau  rouge.  The 
Mayor  made  a  stop  just  in  the  entrance,  and  was  proceeding  to 
have  the  usual  proclamations  made  when  they  were  interrupted 
by  a  volley  of  stones  from  the  bank  and  a  pistol  fired  at  the 
Mayor,  which  narrowly  missed  him  and  wounded  a  soldier  just 
behind  him.  On  this  the  troops  without  waiting  for  orders,  as 
it  seems,  began  to  fire  but  probably  in  the  air  as  it  does  not 
appear  that  any-one  was  killed  by  the  first  discharge  though  it 
was  a  pretty  considerable  one.  The  firing  was  stopped  and  the 
march  continued  into  the  Champ  de  Mars.  The  altar  in  the 
middle  was  now  deserted  so  that  the  allied  corps  of  civil  and 
military  continued  their  course  between  it  and  the  bank  which 
"was  now  covered  with  people  who  had  resumed  their  -courage  on 
finding  no  one  killed,  and  renewed  their  attacks  with  stones  and 
pistols.  A  more  serious  fire  then  took  place  from  the  troops 
and  the  cavalry  began  to  charge  with  their  swords,  by  which 
some  execution  was  done.  It  is  difficult  to  know  the  exact 
numbers  that  suffered,  but  the  most  probable  accounts  say 
about  16  killed  and  as  many  wounded  who  remained  behind. 
Several  of  the  troops  were  wounded  with  stones  etc.  and  three 


296  JULY,  1791. 

were  killed  who  are  said  to  have  been  single  when  attacked.  A 
complete  dispersion  now  took  place,  the  mob  all  flying  into  the 
town  where  they  threaten  the  most  violent  revenge  with  fire 
and  sword,  that  the  National  Assembly  shall  be  driven  out  and 
Monsieur  de  la  Fayette  not  suffered  to  live  another  day.  Their 
fire  however  spent  itself  very  much  during  their  running,  and 
the  people  of  Paris  were  so  little  disposed  to  be  inflamed  by 
them  that  (proper  guards  being  posted  in  various  parts  of  the 
town)  the  remainder  of  the  evening  and  night  passed  off  with 
the  utmost  tranquillity. 

Monday,  July  18th.  This  day  the  town  seems  perfectly 
quiet.  The  Mayor  and  his  brethren  came  to  the  Assembly  to 
give  an  account  of  the  transactions  of  yesterday.  Their  conduct 
was  approved :  they  were  directed  to  proceed  with  the  utmost 
vigilance  and  firmness  to  preserve  the  publick  peace  and  punish 
the  disturbers  of  it,  for  which  purpose  the  drapeau  rouge 
is  to  continue  displayed  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville.  The  Assembly 
ordered  strict  search  to  be  made  after  the  man  who  presented 
his  piece  at  Mr  la  Fayette ;  and  afterwards  they  proceeded  to 
pass  some  strong  Decrees  against  any  persons  who  should  either 
by  voice,  j)ublication  or  affiche  incite  the  people  to  any  acts  of 
violence,  and  likewise  a  long  imprisonment  to  any  who  should 
insult  the  National  Guards  or  endeavour  to  induce  them,  either 
by  threats  or  persuasions,  from  doing  their  duty  when  under  arms. 
This  was  opposed  by  Monsieur  Potion  as  much  too  arbitrary 
a  decree  and  an  infringement  of  j)ublic  freedom  and  the  liberty 
of  the  press.  Petion  together  with  Robespierre  had  been  for 
some  time  distinguished  for  their  Republicanism  and  had  been 
the  great  leaders  of  the  violent  party  at  the  Jacobins  and  were 
now  become  very  unpopular  in  the  Assembly,  so  that  Potion 
could  scarce  obtain  an  hearing  and  met  with  no  support.  The 
Jacobins  had  proceeded  with  so  much  violence  both  before  and 
after  the  decree  of  the  Assembly  respecting  the  King  and 
particularly  afterwards  when  they  came  to  resolutions  which 
amounted  to  little  less  than  a  protest  against  the  Assembly  and 
an  invitation  to  all  the  other  debating  societies  of  the  kingdom, 
which  are  become  innumerable,  and  to  the  country  at  large  to 
join  them,  that  all  the  members  of  the  Assembly  who  belonged 


PREPARATIONS    FOR    A    CONSTITUTION.  297 

to  them  except  two  or  three  and  a  great  number  of  moderate 
men  who  were  not  of  the  Assembly  quitted  them,  and  those  who 
were  members  of  the  National  Assembly  instituted  a  new  society 
who  met  at  the  Feuillants.  The  first  intention  seems  to  have 
been  not  to  admit  any  but  members  and  to  make  a  kind  of 
committee  of  the  Assembly  to  prepare  and  debate  business  that 
must  come  before  the  Assembly,  much  mischief  having  been 
experienced  from  the  indiscriminate  admission  to  the  Jacobins, 
where  by  that  means  the  most  violent  people  had  got  the 
ascendancy  and  taken  the  business  out  of  the  hands  of  the 
members  of  the  Assembly.  However  it  is  now  proposed,  but 
not  yet  determined,  to  admit  other  persons  by  ballot.  It  is 
worth  notice  that  the  Jacobins'  Club  was  instituted  or  at  least 
supported  in  opposition  to  the  Quatre  vingt  neuf  which  was  a 
much  more  respectable  and  moderate  society  who  used  to  meet 
to  debate  publick  business,  but  who  have  for  some  time  ceased 
to  have  any  regular  debates,  though  they  still  continue  a  club. 

Tuesday,  July  ISth.  Perfect  tranquillity  continues.  Many 
persons  are  taken  up  on  account  of  the  late  disturbances,  and 
among  others  a  Jew  who  is  an  agent  of  the  King  of  Prussia. 

Wednesday,  Jidi/  20th.  The  party  of  the  Assembly  seems 
to  have  entirely  prevailed.  The  country,  as  far  as  can  be 
known,  appears  well  satisfied  with  their  Decree.  The  street 
orators  are  all  vanished  and  the  Palais  Royal,  though  thronged, 
is  silent  as  to  politicks.  Guards  are  continually  there,  who 
whenever  they  perceive  any  particular  groups  march  directly 
through  them  by  way  of  dispersing  them,  and  repeat  this 
measure  continually.  The  plan  of  the  Assembly  seems  now  to 
be  to  get  the  report  of  their  Committee  of  revision  ready  as 
soon  as  possible.  Their  business  is  to  select  out  of  the  confused 
mass  of  Decrees  something  that  may  bear  the  appearance  of 
a  regular  constitution.  This,  when  it  is  approved  by  the 
Assembly,  is  to  be  presented  to  the  King  and  he  is  then  to  be 
at  full  liberty  to  accept  it  or  refuse  it ;  and  if  he  chooses  the 
latter  he  is  to  be  free  to  retire  from  the  kingdom  or  even  to 
remain  in  it,  if  he  will,  as  a  private  man  subject  to  the  law. 

Thursday,  Jiih/  21st.  Many  of  the  members  of  the  Quatre 
vingt  neuf   Club  have   joined  the  Feuillans.     The    remaining 


298  JULY,  1791. 

Jacobins  are  endeavouring  at  a  reunion  and  have  offered  to  select 
30  of  each  side  who  shall  strike  out  all  obnoxious  names. 

Friday,  July  22nd.  The  theatres  here  are  become  innumer- 
able, as  since  the  Revolution  all  privilege  is  abolished  and  all 
who  will  may  open  theatres.  There  are  at  least  20  established 
theatres  and  more  preparing.  They  have  all  good  actors  and 
seem  to  have  tolerable  audiences.  Went  to-day  to  a  theatre  of 
an  individual  Mademoiselle  de  Montansier,  where  I  saw  an  enter- 
taining piece  called  Le  Sourd  very  well  acted.  It  is  something 
upon  the  idea  of  our  deaf  lover. 

Saturday,  July  2Srd.  Went  to  see  some  of  their  painters, 
Daniel  Vincent  and  La  Grenice,  all  in  the  historical  line.  They 
seem  to  draw  well  and  finish  with  care  but  their  colouring  is  cold 
and  there  is  a  tameness  and  insipidity  in  the  whole  composition. 
Many  persons  are  taken  up  iipon  suspicion  of  being  concerned 
as  instigators  of  the  late  disturbances ;  but  most  of  them  are 
found  innocent  or  at  least  no  proof  is  found  against  them.  The 
men  however  who  put  to  death  the  two  unhappy  victims  in  the 
Champ  de  Mars  are  taken  up  and,  I  understand,  upon  clear 
evidence. 

Sunday,  July  24t/i.  The  Assembly,  while  they  are  waiting 
for  the  report  of  the  Constitution,  are  much  taken  up  with  the 
state  of  the  frontier  and  the  attack  with  which  they  are  threat- 
ened from  without.  Had  the  King  escaped  I  find  it  is  scarcely 
denied  that  all  the  regular  troops  in  that  part  would  have  join- 
ed him ;  but  that  being  over  and  the  officers  gone  who  were  his 
friends,  the  case  is  very  different  and  nobody  can  say  how  the 
troops  will  act.  They  profess  adherence  to  the  Assembly.  They 
are  numerous  enough ;  but  they  have  few  officers  and  no  disci- 
pline. The  accounts  of  whether  anything  and  wdiat  is  preparing 
to  attack  them  are  so  uncertain  that  no  dependence  can  be 
placed  on  them.  Monsieur  Duveyrier,  who  was  sent  with  a 
summons  to  the  Prince  de  Condd  and  who  has  been  lost  for  a 
great  while,  is  returned.  The  Prince  de  Condd  contrived  to  give 
him  no  answer  and  frightened  him  away  with  apprehensions  of 
what  would  happen  to  him  from  the  officers  in  his  suite.  After- 
wards he  was  put  into  prison  at  Luxemburgh  upon  some  frivol- 
ous pretence  and  kept  there  3  weeks,  after  which  they  sent  him 


FRENCH    OPERA.  299 

with  a  guard  to  the  frontier  of  France  and  turned  him  loose  ;  from 
whence  he  returned  to  Paris  as  wise  as  he  went.  Detachments 
of  National  Guards  in  addition  to  those  of  the  districts  are  going 
towards  the  frontier  and  about  1,800  were  yesterday  mustered  at 
Paris.  The  Assembly  have  ordered  the  proper  officers  to  proceed 
to  the  sequestration  of  the  Prince  of  Condd's  property. 

Monday,  July  25th.  The  most  authentick  reports  seem  to 
give  some  credit  to  the  projected  attempt  upon  the  frontiers. 
In  the  meantime  the  Assembly  are  hastening  as  much  as 
possible  their  plan  of  a  Constitution,  which  they  wish  to  have 
accepted  before  any  new  event  happens,  and  they  are  trying  to 
form  some  plan  which  may  bring  back  their  troops  of  the  line  to 
something  like  military  discipline.  Saw  this  evening  a  very 
pretty  French  Opera  at  the  Italians  called  "  Raoul  barbe  bleu." 
It  is  very  interesting  and  Mademoiselle  Cretu,  who  acts  the  wife, 
does  it  admirably.  The  present  stile  of  musick  at  Paris  is  very 
good  as  the  composers  have  adopted  the  Italian  stile,  tho  the 
performers  adhere  too  much  to  the  old  French  method  of  singing. 

Tuesday,  July  26th.  Went  to  the  National  Assembly.  They 
were  passing  a  report  of  40  articles  concerning  the  manner  in 
which  the  military  force  should  be  called  in  to  assist  the  civil 
power.  Went  to  Grand  Pre,  a  picture  dealer,  who  has  some  of 
the  finest  Dutch  pictures  I  ever  saw,  but  most  enormously  dear, 
4,  5  or  600£  apiece.  I  have  before  been  with  my  old  acquain- 
tance Donjeu,  who  is  in  a  very  bad  state  of  health.  He  has  some 
very  good  pictures  and  his  prices  much  more  reasonable.  Leb- 
run  has  parted  with  his  collection.  Hammond  in  the  Palais  Royal 
has  some  good  ones.  Went  to  see  Racine's  "  Athalie  "  at  the 
French  theatre.  It  is  a  finely  written  piece  but  heavy  in  the 
performance,  and  rendered  more  so  by  the  Choruses  being  set  to 
dull  noisy  French  musick.  The  performers  of  the  Italian  and 
French  theatres  have  joined  to  perform  this  play,  and  exhibit  it 
alternately  at  the  two  theatres.  The  musick  makes  it  so  long 
that  there  is  no  time  for  any  after  piece.  The  theatre  was 
extremely  full.  It  is  much  the  finest  theatre  at  present  in 
Paris  in  all  respects,  as  the  approaches  and  rooms  attached  to  it 
are  really  magnificent.  The  busts  of  the  principal  dramatick 
writers  are  in  the  great  room  which  is  very  proper.     The  front 


800  JULY,  1791. 

has  a  large  portico  and  on  the  stones  of  the  columns  which  are 
numerous  are  stuck  the  titles  of  favourite  plays  which  is  per- 
fectly ridiculous. 

Wednesday,  July  27th.  Went  again  to  Grandpre  with  Lord 
Gower  and  Lady  Sutherland.  Saw  a  vast  number  of  fine  pic- 
tures I  did  not  see  before.  I  had  no  idea  of  any  dealer  having 
such  a  capital  lying  dead  in  pictures.  The  prices  he  asks  are 
enormous.  Went  to  the  French  Theatre  to  see  the  "  Coquette 
corrig^e,"  a  good  comedy  written  about  30  years  ago.  Mole, 
Mademoiselle  Raucoux  and  Mademoiselle  Contat  acted  in  it. 
Mold,  whom  I  remember  an  excellent  actor  in  the  lively  parts  of 
comedy  and  a  very  pretty  figure  25  years  ago,  is  now  grown  old 
and  clumsy,  and  is  so  much  changed  that  I  should  not  have  sus- 
pected him  to  be  the  same  man.  He  goes  on  to  perform  lovers' 
parts  and  by  use  does  not  appear  to  the  people  here  so  unfit  for 
them  in  appearance  as  he  does  to  me.  He  is  however  a  very 
good  actor.  Mademoiselle  Raucoux  is  a  fine  actress  both  in 
tragedy  and  comedy,  but  her  figure  would  not  suit  very  young 
parts.  The  character  of  the  Coquette  was  played  by  Made- 
moiselle Contat,  who  is  a  charming  actress  full  of  spirit  and  ele- 
gance. She  appears  to  have  a  very  fine  face  and  is  young  enough 
for  most  characters  on  the  stage;  but  she  is  very  large  and  I  un- 
derstand is  much  increased  lately  in  size. 

Thursday,  July  2Hth.  Saw  a  piece  at  the  Italians  called  Mir- 
vah  and  Adelaide.  It  is  interesting  and  well  acted.  The  latter 
part  resembles  the  deserter  and  the  distress  is  carried  farther  to 
a  degree  highly  disgusting,  as  the  hero  of  the  piece  is  actually 
placed  on  his  knees  with  his  eyes  covered  and  his  hands  tied, 
and  the  party  who  are  to  shoot  him  are  just  levelling  their  mus- 
quets  when  the  reprieve  arrives. 

Friday,  July  29th.  Dined  at  Auteuil,  about  two  miles  out 
of  Paris,  with  Madame  Helvetius,  widow  of  the  celebrated 
author  of  L'Esprit.  They  were  both  very  amiable  and  were 
among  my  earliest  acquaintance  at  Paris.  She  lives  very  com- 
fortably in  a  little  retirement  where  she  seems  to  have  a  pleasant 
society  about  her  and  never  comes  to  stay  at  Paris.  Went  in  the 
evening  to  some  of  the  little  theatres  on  the  Boulevard,  which 
seem  to  be  very  low  both  as  to  performance  and  audience.    There 


DISCUSSIONS   ON   POLITICS.  301 

is  one  at  the  corner  of  the  Rue  de  Bondy  called  Theatre  Comique 
and  Lyrique,  which  seems  to  be  a  very  pretty  one.  They  have 
got  a  favourite  performance  there  called  "  Nicodeme  dans  la 
lune  "  which  has  little  or  no  merit  but  being  written  for  the 
time  has  great  success. 

Sunday,  July  ISth.    Rode  in  the  morning  to  Montmartre, 
where  the  view  of  Paris  and  all  the  adjacent  country  is  extreme- 
ly fine.    It  is  so  near  that  the  town  almost  reaches  to  it.    Dined 
with  Monsieur  Suard  at  a  small  house  at  Fontenay  aux  Roses 
about  4  miles  from  Paris.     The  country  about  it  is  very  beauti- 
ful and  his  garden   commands  a  pleasing    view    over  a  valley 
prettily  diversified  with  villas,  gardens  and  woods.     Monsieur 
Suard  is  a  literary  man  of  a  moderate  and  amiable  character; 
and  as  I  knew  some  sensible  well-informed  men  were  to  be  of  the 
party  I  was  in  hopes  to  have  got  more  amusement  and  informa- 
tion than  has  hitherto  fallen  to  my  share.     But  in  this  I  was  as 
much  disappointed  as  usual.    Eternal  politicks  and  political  dis- 
putes ingrossed  the  whole  attention  of  the  party.      The  French 
Revolution  seems  to  me  to  level  people's  understanding  as  much 
as  their  ranks  and  situations  :  blind  and  violent  zeal  seems  to 
have  taken  place  of  reason,  and   he    who   harangues   in   the 
Palais   Royal   garden   talks   with  just   as   much   wisdom  and 
clearness  on  these  subjects  as  the  people  of  the  first  under- 
standings of  the  country.     Two  Monsieurs  Garats  were  there, 
brothers,    and    both    of   the    Assembly    and    of    very  opposite 
principles.     I  was  told  their  politicks  had  no  effect  upon  their 
friendship  which  I  believe  is  true;  but  they  disputed  so  violently 
that  people  in  England  in  the  same  case  would  probably  have 
come  to  an  open  quarrel.    The  younger  one,  who  is  a  Democrate, 
was  quite  furious ;  the  other  kept  his  temper  much  better  and 
now  and  then  introduced  some  little  stroke  of  humour,  which 
served  to  take  off  something  of  the  edge  of  the  dispute.     I  was 
diverted  with  a  repartee  which  was  told  of  the  elder  Garat,  who 
being  at  some  ceremony  when  a  new  bishop,  who  had  just  taken 
the  oaths  and  was  acquainted  with  Garat,  said  to  him  with  a 
triumphant  kind  of  sneer,  Bonjour  Aristocrate;  to  which  the  other 
instantly  replied  in  the  Masquerade  stile,  Bonjour  beau  Masque. 
The  Democrates  seem  much  out  of  spirits  as  they  have  lately 


302  JULY,  1791. 

received  alarming  accounts  of  a  very  serious  League  that  is  form- 
ing against  them  by  the  neighbouring  powers,  and  feel  every 
day  more  and  more  the  weakness  of  their  means  of  defence  and 
the  insufficiency  of  their  Government.  The  weather  is  so  hot 
as  to  be  quite  inconvenient.  At  seven  in  the  evening  it  was  im- 
possible to  walk  with  any  sort  of  comfort  and  the  thermometer, 
which  has  been  for  these  two  days  above  87,  was  today  very 
near  89. 

Monday,  August  1st.  Went  to  the  National  Assembly. 
Complaints  having  been  made  by  some  of  the  members  the  day 
before  that  the  decrees  of  the  Assembly  met  with  great  difficul- 
ties and  delays  in  the  execution,  it  was  ordered  that  some  of  the 
Ministers  should  attend  the  Assembly,  at  least  every  other  day, 
to  give  an  account  if  called  for  or  to  state  any  difficulties  they 
met  with  in  the  execution  of  the  decrees  of  the  Assembly  in 
their  departments. 

Tuesday,  August  2nd.  Rode  thro'  the  Champs  Elisees,  which 
consists  of  a  wood  of  young  trees  planted  in  rows  with  an  ex- 
cessive broad  strait  road  thro'  the  middle  of  it.  The  dust  is 
excessive  and  the  soil  being  like  pulverised  mortar  the  trees 
themselves  are  quite  white  in  dry  weather.  The  whiteness  of 
everything  about  Paris  (except  the  complexions  and  linen  of 
the  inhabitants)  is  a  great  inconvenience,  as  all  the  buildings 
are  stone  and  all  the  soil  like  mortar ;  and  the  very  little  grass 
that  is  to  be  seen  is  generally  parched  with  the  sun  and  whitened 
with  the  dust.  At  Neuilly  there  is  a  fine  new  bridge  over  the 
Seine  of  five  arches  wide  and  very  flat.  By  means  of  the  flatness 
of  the  arches  and  the  height  of  the  banks  above  the  river,  the 
upper  line  of  the  bridge  is  perfectly  strait  without  any  eleva- 
tion whatever.  Proceeded  along  the  road  which  leads  towards  St 
Germains,  and  turned  off  to  the  left  to  ascend  a  remarkable  hill 
which  is  the  highest  and  most  conspicuous  spot  on  the  horizon 
of  Paris.  It  is  called  Mont  Valerien  and  Mont  Calvaire.  There 
is  a  religious  house  upon  it  and  some  chapels  and  hermitages, 
which  used  to  draw  a  good  subsistence  from  the  religious  zeal  of 
the  adjacent  country  whose  inhabitants  made  frequent  visits 
to  the  holy  brotherhood.  At  present  the  visitors  are  so  few  that 
the  Hermits  are  gone  for  want  of  company.     The  prospect  from 


ST   CLOUD.  803 

this  place  is  very  fine.  The  Seine  winding  through  a  large  extent 
of  country  just  below  it,  the  bridge  of  Neuilly,  the  Chateau  de 
Madrid,  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  the  palace  and  woods  of  St  Cloud, 
the  full  view  of  Paris  and  Montmartre  form  the  principal  objects 
of  this  delightful  view.  Went  on  to  St  Cloud.  This  palace 
built  by  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  brother  to  Louis  XIV.,  has  been  a 
few  years  ago  sold,  improved  and  new  fitted  up.  The  ground 
Salon,  the  Gallerie  d'Apollon  and  the  Cabinet  de  Diane,  which 
form  a  fine  apartment  highly  ornamented  and  painted,  remain  as 
they  were.  There  are  no  good  pictures,  but  some  portraits  by 
Mignard  of  the  characters  of  the  time  of  Louis  XIV.,  that  are  in- 
teresting. The  prospect  from  the  house  is  fine  but  glaring.  The 
gardens  are  well-wooded  but  still  formal,  tho  less  so  than  many. 
They  run  along  a  rising  ground  over  the  Seine  which  is  the  best 
circumstance  belonging  to  them,  not  excepting  even  their  artifi- 
cial cascades.  They  look  very  handsome  from  without.  Rode 
home  thro'  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  which  is  the  great  resort  of  the 
riders  and  drivers  of  Paris.  It  is  extensive  and  has  a  wild  forest- 
like appearance  but  not  much  beauty.  This  and  the  following 
evening  saw  two  operas  both  called  Lodoiska,  both  formed  upon 
the  same  story  and  both  brought  out  nearly  at  the  same  time  at 
the  Italian  Theatre  and  the  Theatre  de  Monsieur.  The  musick 
of  the  Italians  is  much  the  most  pleasing,  and  I  think  the  piece 
the  best  written.  The  scenery  of  the  other  is  superior.  The 
characters  are  Poles  and  Tartars,  and  both  pieces  end  with  the 
burning  and  blowing  up  a  castle,  which  is  performed  upon  the 
stage  with  an  effect  of  fire  far  beyond  anything  I  ever  saw 
attempted. 

Saturday,  August  6th.  Saw  a  French  opera,  called  Raoul  de 
Cr^qui,  extremely  interesting  and  admirably  acted.  The  man- 
agement of  their  scenery  has  a  great  effect ;  particularly  in  a 
method  they  have  adopted  and  often  make  use  of  dividing  their 
stage  lengthwise  into  two  parts.  Thus  in  Raoul  de  Crequi  there 
is  the  dungeon  where  he  is  confined  and  the  jailor's  apartment, 
where  much  of  scene  passes,  both  open  at  once  to  the  audience. 

Monday,  August  Sth.  The  Assembly  entered  upon  the  dis- 
cussion of  their  new  Constitution  as  formed  by  their  Committee 
out  of   the  various  decrees  which  the  Assembly  have    passed. 


304  AUGUST,   1791. 

This  Constitution,  which  is  to  be  the  French  Magna  Charta  it  is 
supposed,  is  never  to  be  altered  by  any  future  Legislature ;  but 
if  ever  necessity  should  call  for  any  alteration  it  is  to  be  made 
by  something  which  they  call  a  National  Convention.  The  busi- 
ness therefore  of  the  Committee  is  to  select  such  things  as  are 
purely  Constitutional  points,  to  simplify  as  much  as  possible,  to 
avoid  details  and  to  omit  everything  that  is  not  absolutely  es- 
sential or  which  is  likely  to  require  alteration  or  modification. 
The  Committee  consists  of  some  of  the  most  prudent  men  they 
have,  and  are  supposed  to  have  fulfilled  their  task  as  well  as  the 
violent  materials  they  have  to  work  with  will  allow  them.  Some 
small  progress  was  made  today  with  great  appearance  of  heat 
and  animosity. 

Wednesday,  August  10th.  Rode  to  Bellevue,  a  house  built 
by  Madame  de  Pompadour,  purchased  of  her  by  Louis  XV,  and 
now  belongs  to  the  Mesdames  who  are  gone  to  Italy.  The 
house  is  a  very  good  one  and  has  been  newly  fitted  up  by  them. 
The  ornaments  are  elegant  without  being  shewy.  The  chief 
merit  of  the  place  is  its  prospect,  which  is  extremely  fine.  It  is 
placed  on  a  continuation  of  the  same  rising  ground  over  the 
Seine  on  which  St  Cloud  stands :  many  of  the  objects  are  the 
same.  On  the  whole  I  think  the  prospect  of  Bellevue  preferable. 
Immediately  below  Bellevue  is  the  village  of  Seve  remarkable 
for  its  Porcelain  manufacture,  which  is  beautiful  and  carried  on 
with  more  experience  and  in  a  greater  stile  than  any  of  the 
other  manufactories  which  have  arisen  since.  The  King  being 
the  proprietor,  and  of  course  greatly  out  of  pocket  every  year 
without  reckoning  what  he  takes  or  gives,  which  is  or  at  least 
used  to  be  considerable.  There  are  some  of  the  most  beautiful 
vases  of  blue  porcelain  with  gilt  bronze  ornaments  about  7  feet 
in  height,  the  price  of  which  is  about  £800  each. 

Thursday,  August  11th.  I  saw  a  new  piece  at  the  French 
Theatre,  called  Les  victimes  cloitre'es.  It  is  one  of  those  pieces 
called  dramas  which  are  generally  extremely  affecting  as  this  is 
thro'  great  part  of  its  progress,  tho  it  ends  happily.  It  is 
the  severest  attack  that  can  possibly  be  made  upon  the  Clergy, 
and  one  can  hardly  believe  oneself  in  a  Catholick  Country  while 
one  sees  it.     The  applause  with  which  it  is  received  is  excessive 


MADEMOISELLE   DEVREUX.  305 

and  if  there  was  anything  more  to  be  taken  from  the  Church  or 
anything  more  severe  that  could  be  inflicted  on  the  religious 
Orders,  such  a  representation  would  be  sufficient  to  excite  the 
violence  of  the  people  against  them. 

Friday,  August  12th.  Saw  the  Hotel  de  Salm,  built  at  an 
enormous  expense  by  the  Prince  of  Salm,  a  petty  German 
sovereign.  The  entrance  is  very  fine,  some  of  the  apartments 
are  elegant  and  magnificent,  but  it  is  not  half  finished  and  is  to 
be  sold.  In  the  evening  saw  a  pretty  comedy  excellently  acted, 
called  L'Intrigue  Epistolaire,  at  the  Varietes,  a  very  elegant  new 
theatre  in  the  Palais  Royal  opening  to  the  Rue  de  Richelieu. 

Saturday,  August  Vdth.  Went  with  the  Pelhams  and 
Madame  d'Astorgue  and  Monsieur  Alexandre  de  la  Roche- 
foucault  to  see  Mademoiselle  Devreux's  house,  which  is  the 
most  celebrated  thing  of  the  kind  in  Paris  for  the  expense 
and  elegance  with  which  it  is  fitted  up.  She  is  a  lady  who 
with  very  little  beauty  has  had  the  good  fortune  to  have  a 
succession  of  rich  lovers  and  the  wisdom  to  realise  a  large 
fortune  out  of  their  prodigality,  notwithstanding  she  has 
always  lived  well  and  behaved  generously  on  many  occasions 
and  is  much  liked  by  those  who  are  of  her  society.  Her  house 
is  small  but  convenient  and  well  disposed,  and  the  fitting  up 
and  the  furniture  in  the  highest  stile  of  elegance.  It  is  said 
she  is  almost  ruined  by  play  and  must  sell  her  house. 

Wednesday,  August  17th.  Went  to  see  the  Hospital  des 
Enfans  trouves.  They  receive  all  children  that  are  presented, 
which  are  given  as  soon  as  possible  to  nurses  out  of  the  country, 
who  must  come  to  receive  them  and  must  bring  a  certificate  of 
their  characters.  The  nurses  at  first  are  given  12  f.  per  month, 
which  is  diminished  if  the  child  stays  with  them  beyond  a 
certain  age.  The  nurses  often  keep  the  children  till  they  are  six 
or  seven  years  old,  and  sometimes  adopt  them  entirely  when  all 
payment  ceases.  Those  who  are  returned  to  the  hospital  are 
kept  principally  in  a  large  place  on  the  Faubourg  St  Antoine, 
where  they  are  instructed  till  they  can  be  placed  out.  About 
6000  children  on  an  average  are  received  every  year.  The 
house  where  they  are  taken  in  is  near  Notre  Dame.  When  I 
was  there  there  were  about  140  who  had  been  received  within 


306  AUGUST,  1791. 

a  few  days,  and  were  none  of  them  a  week  old.  They  are  fed 
by  hand  till  the  nurses  come  for  them.  The  greatest  part  of 
them  appeared  healthy,  and  nothing  can  exceed  the  neatness 
and  care  with  which  they  seem  to  be  managed.  They  are 
under  the  care  of  women  of  a  religious  order  called  Soeurs  de  la 
Charitd,  who  deserve  much  credit  for  the  zeal  and  humanity 
with  which  they  execute  their  office.  Near  this  place  is  the 
great  hospital  of  the  Hotel  Dieu,  where  all  sick  persons  are 
admitted,  and  of  the  bad  air  and  unwholesomeness  of  which, 
from  the  patients  being  overcrowded,  so  much  has  been  said  and 
written.  Some  reformation  particularly  in  the  lower  wards  has 
been  effected  since  Madame  Necker's  time,  who  gave  much 
attention  to  it.  And  in  those  wards  more  than  two  are  never 
placed  in  the  same  bed,  and  in  some  parts  only  one,  but  upstairs 
it  remains  in  the  same  state  that  it  was,  excepting  that  more 
care  is  taken  by  the  attendants  to  preserve  cleanliness  as  far  as 
depends  on  them.  I  went  through  most  of  the  wards.  The 
beds  are  extremely  good  and  the  space  very  large  with  windows 
on  each  side,  so  as  to  make  a  thorough  air.  It  being  warm 
weather  all  the  windows  were  open  and  as  all  who  were  able  to 
be  out  of  bed  were  so  I  was  not  sensible  of  the  inconveniences 
to  which  the  patients  are  exposed  when  the  beds  are  full  and 
the  windows  obliged  to  be  shut.  The  Foundling  Hospital  and  I 
believe  the  Hotel  Dieu  have  both  suffered  a  diaiinution  of 
their  revenue  by  the  revolution,  as  they  were  in  part  supported 
by  the  duties  imposed  on  goods  and  provisions  brought  into 
Paris. 

Went  to  the  Jardin  du  Roi,  which  is  at  the  same  time  a 
botanical  garden  and  a  publick  walk,  the  choicest  plants  being 
within  enclosures.  It  is  on  the  skirts  of  the  town,  and  from  its 
size,  airiness  and  situation  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  is  the  finest 
publick  garden  in  Paris,  but  being  in  a  remote  quarter  is  little 
frequented.  Went  to  the  General  Hospital  or  Salpetriere,  which 
is  an  immense  building  or  rather  collection  of  buildings.  It  is 
entirely  for  females,  and  there  are  great  establishments  for  the 
care  and  education  of  children  and  for  the  maintenance  and 
support  of  such  as  are  passed  their  labour.  There  is  a  large 
place  for  mad  women  who  are  but  ill  taken  care  of.     Women  of 


LE    RAIN'CY.  307 

disorderly  lives  used  to  be  sent  here  by  the  police  to  be  confined 
for  a  time,  but  that  is  over.  There  is  still  a  part  appropriated 
for  the  confinement  of  female  criminals  who  are  sentenced  to  be 
confined  for  a  certain  time  in  consequence  of  particular  crimes. 
The  young  and  the  old  seem  to  be  well  taken  care  of 

Saturday,  August  20th.  Went  to  see  the  Hotel  de  Marboeuf, 
which  is  newly  fitted  up  in  a  very  expensive  manner  by  the 
owner  who  is  a  rich  widow  ;  it  is  not  on  the  whole  in  good  taste 
though  there  are  fine  parts  of  it. 

Went  to  the  Duke  of  Praslin's,  which  is  a  large  hotel ;  some 
of  the  rooms  and  one  in  particular  are  magnificently  fitted  up 
and  furnished.  The  floors  are  the  most  elegantly  and  expen- 
sively inlaid  I  ever  saw.  But  what  chiefly  deserves  attention 
in  the  house  is  a  very  valuable  collection  of  pictures,  particularly 
Flemish. 

Sunday,  August  21st.  Dined  at  Raincy,  a  seat  of  the  Duke 
of  Orleans  about  9  miles  from  Paris.  It  is  on  the  whole  a  fine 
place,  the  house  is  very  good  with  handsome  stables  and  various 
offices.  It  is  situated  at  some  distance  from  the  road  with  an 
avenue  of  large  poplars.  There  is  a  forest  adjoining  to  it  and 
an  extensive  pleasure  ground  about  it,  of  which  a  large  part  is 
laid  out  in  the  English  taste.  This  is  the  worst  part,  as  all  the 
trees  are  young  and  do  not  thrive,  the  water  trifling,  and  the 
grass,  of  which  there  is  too  much,  in  such  bad  order  by  the  heat 
of  the  summer,  the  badness  of  the  soil,  and  the  want  of  rolling 
and  mowing,  that  it  looks  like  a  very  rough  poor  field. 

Thursday,  August  2bth.  Received  from  Monsieur  Suard  an 
academiciens  ticket  to  attend  the  annual  meeting  on  St  Louis's 
day  for  the  distribution  of  prizes  etc.  Marmontel  took  the 
chair  and  opened  with  a  speech,  in  which  he  declared  that  the 
spirit  of  politics  had  so  far  overpowered  the  spirit  of  literature 
that  the  Academy  had  not  found  any  performance  worthy  of  a 
prize  among  those  sent  in  for  the  present  year.  The  prizes 
were  therefore  reserved,  except  that  for  the  most  distinguished 
act  of  virtue,  which  was  decreed  to  a  little  association  of  the 
servants  of  a  man  in  very  extensive  business.  The  master  met 
with  heavy  losses,  broke,  and  died  insolvent.  The  servants  who 
had  lived  with  him  long  were  all  losers  of  considerable  sums  due 

20—2 


n08  AUGUST,   1701. 

for  wages  which  they  had  left  in  his  hands.  Notwithstanding 
which  they  united  their  industry  and  their  little  possessions  and 
maintained  among  them  with  the  utmost  care  and  attention  a 
child  of  their  late  master  who  was  left  totally  destitute  and 
incapable  from  severe  infirmity  of  supporting  himself.  There 
being  no  prize  productions  to  be  read,  Monsieur  de  la  Harpe  read 
a  dissertation  on  the  state  of  literature  from  the  a^e  of  Augustus 
to  that  of  Louis  14th.  Then  Monsieur  Florian  repeated  some 
fables,  and  the  Abbe  Delisle  some  parts  of  a  poem  on  imagina- 
tion, which  it  is  to  be  hoped  he  soon  means  to  publish.  These 
performances  had  all  much  merit  in  their  different  ways. 

Saturday,  ^if^'i/s^  27^/t.  Went  to  see  St  Denis.  The  Abbey 
is  fine  and  the  quantity  of  tombs  of  the  different  kings  and 
other  remarkable  persons  well  Avorth  seeing.  The  treasure 
is  curious  enough  and  does  not  take  up  much  time,  as  the 
priest  who  shows  it  has  as  little  inclination  as  the  spectators  can 
have  to  give  more  than  is  necessary. 

Sunday,  August  28th.  Went  to  see  the  Duke  of  Orleans' 
house  and  garden  on  the  skirts  of  Paris,  called  Monceaux,  which 
is  well  worth  the  trouble.  The  house  is  not  good  but  has  many 
rooms,  is  fitted  up  with  expense  and  in  a  very  whimsical  manner, 
and  is  well  adapted  to  parties  and  entertainments.  The 
gardens  are  extremely  pretty,  in  the  English  taste,  with  much 
variety  and  a  great  number  of  buildings,  some  of  which  are  in 
very  good  taste. 

Tuesday,  August  SOth.  Went  to  a  breakfast  at  Mr  Morris's. 
He  is  an  American,  a  gentlemanlike  sensible  man  of  property 
and  estimation  in  America.  He  was  concerned  in  the  line  of 
finance  during  the  war.  He  has  only  one  leg,  having  been 
obliged  to  undergo  an  amputation  in  consequence  of  jumping 
from  a  window  in  an  affair  of  gallantry.  Made  an  acquaintance 
with  Madame  de  Flahaut,  a  very  sensible  agreeable  woman. 
Her  husband  and  she  have  apartments  in  the  Louvre,  where 
they  live  much  at  home  and  have  a  small  society  most  evenings. 
The  chief  purpose  of  the  meeting  was  to  hear  the  Abbd  Delisle 
read  some  passages  of  his  poem  on  the  imagination,  which  he 
did.  They  were  very  beautiful,  and  from  what  I  have  heard  the 
poem  must  be  a  delightful  work.  It  is  hoped  it  will  be  pub- 
lished this  winter. 


LE   BIC^TllE.  309 

Wednesday,  August  'dlst.  Went  to  see  the  Bicetre,  about 
two  miles  out  of  Paris.  It  is  a  very  large  respectable  looking 
place.  It  is  a  prison  and  at  the  same  time  an  hospital  for 
various  kinds  of  objects,  and  particularly  madmen  and  idiots,  and 
it  is  likewise  a  kind  of  workhouse  for  poor  infirm  people  who 
live  there  and  have  an  allowance.  The  prisons  consist  of  a 
great  number  of  small  cells,  where  the  people  are  confined 
separately.  Each  has  a  window  with  iron  bars,  through  which 
the  prisoner  can  converse  with  any  person  in  the  courts  and 
yard.  Strangers  are  admitted  very  freely,  and  the  entrance  of  a 
new  visitor  seldom  fails  to  bring  the  inhabitants  of  all  the  cells 
to  their  grates,  where  they  have  all  something  to  ask  or  some- 
thing to  offer  for  sale.  Those  who  are  so  situated  as  not  to 
have  a  good  view  have  little  looking  glasses  which  they  hold  out 
at  windows  and  catch  a  sight  of  the  objects  of  their  curiosity  by 
that  means.  We  found  that  notwithstanding  the  now  laws  in 
favour  of  liberty  this  prison  was  full  of  people  who  had  been 
there  many  months  and  some  of  them  years  without  being 
brought  to  any  trial  or  having  any  hearing.  The  truth  is  that 
hitherto  the  machine  does  not  move.  The  destruction  of  old 
institutions  has  been  complete  enough,  but  the  substitution 
of  new  ones  is  very  imperfect  and  in  many  cases  quite  ineffec- 
tual. Rode  afterwards  to  Vincennes  crossing  the  Seine  by 
a  ferry  at  Charenton.  Vincennes  has  a  great  appearance  of 
ancient  orandeur. 


APPENDIX, 


312  FEBRUARY,    1794. 


Lord  Elgin  to  Lord  Grenville. 

This  letter  shews  the  extreme  difficulty  of  obtaining  infor- 
mation as  to  the  state  of  affairs  in  Paris  after  the  outbreak  of 
the  war  in  Feb.  1793. 


[Most  secret.] 

Bbuxelles,  Feb.  14,  1794. 


My  Lord, 


In  consequence  of  the  verbal  instructions  which  I  received 
in  London,  and  from  the  prospect  of  ultimate  success,  which  a 
variety  of  private  considerations  led  me  to  hope  for,  I  have  used 
every  means  in  my  power,  since  my  return  from  Enghmd,  to 
establish  in  various  ways  channels  of  information  from  Paris  and 
different  ])arts  of  Fi'ance.  Hitherto  the  innumerable  obstacles  I 
have  had  to  contend  with  have  made  me  silent  on  the  subject :  but 
I  forward  to  your  Lordship  by  this  day's  post,  what  I  trust  will  be 
the  best  proof  that  I  have  not  been  ill-advised  in  my  perseverance. 

My  endeavours,  as  long  as  they  were  confined  to  this  frontier, 
were  fruitless  :  I  had  frequently  sent  to  Paris,  without  success ;  I 
had  placed  persons  in  different  points  for  the  purpose  of  communica- 
tion ;  but  they  have  all  hitherto,  in  a  very  short  time,  been  thrown 
into  prison.  The  person  whom  I  especially  employed  to  establish 
correspondencies  in  France  has  tried  various  directions  :  he  is 
now  as  far  as  Switzerland,  and  he  sends  me  the  enclosed  memorial 
as  the  result  of  his  first  researches.  Your  Lordship  may  rely  upon 
it,  as  containing  nothing,  but  on  authorities  worthy  of  credit,  and 
compared  with  much  care.  Fugitives  from  the  army,  who  have 
quitted  their  countiy  one,  two  or  three  months ;  fugitives,  from  the 
smaller  administrations,  from  the  Convention,    from    the   principal 


LOED    ELGIN   TO    LORD   GRENVILLE. 


318 


towns  in  France,  and  from  Paris  itself,  have  been  all  repeatedly 
consulted :  and  they  have  been  found  to  correspond  in  the  result  of 
their  observations,  notwithstanding  their  being  connected  with 
discording  pai-ties. 

All  agree  in  representing  the  evil  as  of  the  greatest  magnitude, 
but  all  equally  agree  in  the  possibility  of  discovering  effectual 
remedies. 

The  second  memorial  that  is  promised  me  shall  be  forwarded  to 
your  Lordship  the  moment  I  receive  it. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  the  utmost  respect, 


Endorsed, 
Brussels,  Feb.  Uth,  1794. 
Lord  Elgin 
E.  18th  (Most  Secret) 
By  Mason. 


My  Lord, 
your  Lordship's 
Most  obedient 
humble  Servant, 
ELGIN. 


RESUME   D'lNFORMATIONS   EXACTES 
AU    25   JANVIER   1794. 


Le  Gouvernement  cle  la  Revolution  a  change  cle  caractere :  ce  n'est 
plus  une  constitution  ideale,  abanclonnee,  comma  en  1791  et  1792,  a 
la  desobeissance  publique ;  ni  une  anarchie  interne,  entre  deux 
factions,  divisees  sur  le  regime  a  donner  a  la  Republique,  comme  en 
1793;  ni  la  confusion  resultante  du  triomphe  d'un  parti  toujours 
menace  et  mal  affermi,  comme  durant  I'ete  dernier. 

Pendant  ces  trois  periodes,  la  Convention  nationale  etoit  encore 
independante ;  cliaque  voix  comptoit  plus  ou  moins ;  I'autorite 
executive  exerqee  par  les  Ministres,  rognee  a  chaque  instant  par  les 
comites,  et  divisee,  pour  aiusi  dire,  enti-e  chaque  membre  de 
I'Assemblee,  chaque  corps  populaire,  chaque  administration,  chaque 
agent  revolutionnaii*e,  chaque  clubbiste,  manquoit  de  force,  d'har- 
monie,  de  secret,  de  centre  d' unite. 

Un  autre  regime  est  survenu,  par  I'institution,  et  par  la  toute 
puissance,  du  Comite  de  Saint  public;  le  peril  de  la  Republique,  et 
la  defiance  du  pouvoir  executif  lui  donnerent  naissance  :  son  influence 
s'agrandit  avec  les  dangers ;  elle  s'est  perpetuee  et  affermie  par  les 
succes. 

Ce  Comite  exerce  la  Dictature  dans  toute  son  etendue ;  il 
redige  les  plans,  et  les  execute  ;  les  Ministres  ne  sont  que  ses  commis; 
la  Convention  qu'une  machine  a  decrets,  pour  sanctionner  les 
decisions  de  ce  conseil.  II  dispose  souverainement  des  armees,  du 
generalat,  des  fonds  publics,  des  tribunaux  revolutionnaires,  des 
autorites  secondaires,  des  agens  innombrables  de  la  force  publique, 
des  capitaux,  des  reveniis,  des  biens  meubles  et  immeubles,  de  la  vie 
de  cliaque  citoyen,  des  inquisitions,  des  Comites  de  surveillance, 
meme  des  clubs. 

II  a  legalise  sa  tyrannic,  et  Fa  rendue  methodique,  par  I'adoption 
du  Gouvernement  revolutionnaire,  devant  lequel  se  taisent  les  droits 
de  Fhomme,  la  souverainetc  du  peuple,  les  constitutions  precedentes 


THE    GOVERNMENT.  815 

et  toute  liberie.  Ce  regime  a  rencontre  des  opi)Ositions  parmi  les 
anarcliistes ;  mais  le  credit  du  Comite  a  fait  trembler  les  mnrmura- 
teurs ;  et  ce  pouvoir  epouvantable  a  ete  monte  a  tour  de  bras,  sans 
qu'un  senl  Jacobin  ait  ose  lui  disputer  I'existence. 

De  ce  moment  la  puissance  populaire  s'est  aneantie ;  ou  du 
moins  se  trouve  entierement  suspendue ;  les  assemblees  electorales, 
les  administrations  de  district,  les  Municipalites  ont  disparu  ;  le 
pouvoir  des  Directoires  de  Departement  est  assujettie  dans  chaque 
detail  de  son  exercice. 

Des  Delegues  conventionels  nommes  par  le  Comite  font  les 
fonctions  de  proconsuls  absolus  dans  ces  Departemens.  Des  agens 
nationaux  encore  nommes  par  le  Comite,  les  secondent  dans  les 
districts ;  et  y  font  executer  leurs  ordres ;  ces  Commissaires  cassent 
a  volonte  les  directoii'es,  et  les  corps  Municipaux ;  destituent  les 
officiers  du  peuple,  sans  le  consulter ;  remettent  Fad  ministration,  h 
(]ui  il  leur  plait,  et  ont  ainsi  prevenu  les  conflicts  d'autorite,  ceux 
d'opinion,  de  parti  et  I'anarchie  qxii  en  resultoit. 

En  leur  absence,  les  Commissaires  sont  representes  par  ces  agens 
7iationaux  de  la  creation  du  Comite  qui  ont  succede  aux  Procu- 
reurs  Syndics,  nommes  jadis  par  le  peuple,  dans  les  districts,  et  les 
communes.  Derri^re  ces  Administrations  et  celles  des  Dej^artemens, 
se  placent  les  clubs ;  le  moindre  bourg,  les  gi'os  villages  ont  chacun 
le  leur.  De  leur  sein  est  tire  un  comite  de  surveillance,  qui  exerce 
I'inquisition  publique  non  seulement  sur  les  simples  individus 
quelconques,  mais  encore  sur  les  corps  administratifs,  lesquels,  toute 
execrable  qu'est  leur  composition  actuelle,  sont  en  masse  et  en  detail 
journellemeiit  controles  par  les  surveillans.  Pour  sui'croit  de  pre- 
caution, le  Comite  de  Salut  puldic,  et  les  propres  clubs,  dont  ils 
sont  extraits,  les  entourent  d'espions  et  de  denonciateurs,  charges  de 
rendre  compte  et  d'observer  la  conduite  des  comites  inquisitoriaux. 

Cette  chaine  de  satellites  correspondans,  et  mutuellement  delateurs 
les  uns  les  autres,  repondent  de  leur  fidelite  aux  Comites  de 
Salut  pu])lic,  et  de  surete  generale :  ce  dernier  est  le  bureau 
d' informations,  la  sentinelle  du  comite  de  salut  public  auquel  il 
est  subordonne.  Nous  en  parlerons  ailleurs.  Par  la  defiance 
necessaire,  qui  les  domiue  tous,  ils  ont  pour  instruction  generale  de 
denoncer  et  de  faire  arreter  comme  suspect  quiconque  est  soup^onne 
de  professor  en  seci'et,  ou  cVavoir  lirofesse  le  royalisme,  I'amour  de  la 
religion,  le  feuillantisme,  le  federalisme,  et  le  raoderautisme. 

Dans  cette  derniere  classe  sont  compris  tous  ceux  qu'on  nomme 


316  JANUARY,    1794. 

gens  jxiisibles:  les  arretes  des  Commissaires  conventionnels,  dans  les 
divers  Departemens,  qualifient  ces  citoyens  d'ego'istes,  de  vampires, 
d'agitaieurs  secrets :  presque  tous  sont  proprietaires ;  la  grande 
majoi-ite  d'entre  eux  sont  detenus  ou  guillotines,  sequestres  ou 
condamnes  a  des  contributions  enormes  et  arbitraires  pour  les 
frais  de  la  guerre. 

On  ne  peut  se  former  an  loin  una  idee  juste  de  la  soumission  et 
de  la  terreur  qu'a  produit  ce  nouvel  arrangement  de  tyrannie  : 
personne  n'ose  reclamer  une  loi,  un  droit,  un  principe,  une  possession. 
Les  supplices  sont  aussi  frequens  dans  les  provinces  qu'a  Pai'is ;  et 
dans  les  campagnes  que  dans  les  villes.  Pas  une  parole,  pas  une 
demarclie,  pas  une  fortune  n'echa^opent  a  cette  armee  de  delateurs, 
tous  animes  de  I'emiilation  de  rencherir  en  ati'ocite  les  uns  sur  les 
autres.  Le  mois  dernier,  en  voyant  passer  quelques  jeunes  gens  de 
la  premiere  requisition,  qui  se  rendoit  a  1' armee  d' Alsace,  un  paysan 
octogenaire  et  aise  de  la  Franche  Comte,  s'ecria :  Ces  pauvres 
en/ants,  ce  sont  des  veaux  qu'on  mene  d,  la  boucherie.  Des  le  soir  il 
fut  ai'rete,  et  huit  jours  apres  guillotine  ;  on  citeroit  mille  exemples 
pareils. 

Insensiblement  et  graduellement  depuis  quatre  mois,  il  s'est  done 
forme  une  organisation  d'abord  invisible ;  aiijourd'liui  regulierement 
montee,  independante  de  toute  espece  de  pouvoir  populaire,  en 
tenant  lieu,  et  recevant  son  existence,  comme  sa  conservation,  des 
chefs  du  Comite  de  Salut  public.  Tous  les  Jacobins  moderes,  les 
republicains  incertains,  les  caracteres  froids,  ceux  en  qui  pouvoit 
s'elever  encore  un  repentir,  un  sentiment  de  pitie,  une  idee  de  crainte 
ou  de  retour  vers  un  autre  ordre  de  choses,  ont  ete  expulses  des 
eraplois ;  a  force  de  placer,  et  de  deplacer  on  est  parvenu  a  avoir 
des  liommes  capables  et  bien  prononces,  soit  dans  les  armees,  soit 
dans  les  administrations. 

A  Paris,  ainsi  que  dans  les  departemens,  ces  divers  agens  sont 
exclusivement  des  sans-cidottes  dans  la  force  du  terme  :  plus  rien  de 
I'ancienne  bigarrure :  ces  nouv'eaux  parvenus  foulent  sous  leurs 
sabots  et  font  trembler  les  proprietaires  de  toute  classe  :  ils  ont  reduit 
le  reste  des  habitans  a  la  nullite  la  plus  absolue;  un  interet 
commun,  un  fanatisme  atroce,  ou  une  sceleratesse  sans  bornes,  sont 
les  garants  de  leur  zele  a  remplir  leurs  fonctions  et  a  concourir 
energiquement  au  maintien  du  despotisme  actuel. 

Le  pouvoir  revolutionnaire,  dont  I'exercice  leur  est  confie,  agit 
mainteiiant  par  des  regies  fixes  et  aAec  une  \iol(:»nce  habituellement 


DELATION.  317 

systematique.     On  ne  ci'aint  plus  de  clioquer  ropiniou  ni  les  princ- 
ipes  de  la  premiere  revolution. 

Les  Coramissaires  de  parti  ont  pris  I'appareil,  la  representation, 
le  langage  des  baclias ;  traines  dans  des  carosses  a  six  chevaux, 
entoures  de  gardes,  assis  a  des  tables  de  30  couverts,  mangeant  au 
bruit  de  la  musique,  avec  un  cortege  de  courtisannes,  d'liistrions,  de 
pretoriens;  tonjours  mena^ans,  et  ne  perdant  jamais  le  ton  du 
commandement  ni  celui  de  I'entliousiasme,  ils  ont  frappe  le  peu])le 
subitement  de  terreur ;  le  meme  esprit,  les  memes  formes  exterieures 
distinguent  proportionellement  les  sous  ordres ;  en  un  mot,  ci 
devant,  les  ministres  de  la  puissance  nation  ale  afFectoient  auprcs  du 
peuple  le  ton  de  I'egalite,  de  I'humilite,  du  respect,  et  semblant 
obeir  en  ordonnant  avec  faiblesse ;  aujourd'liui  on  parle  en  raaitre, 
et  la  moindre  desobeissance  est  un  crime  irremissible. 

Les  trahisons,  les  complots,  les  reactions,  les  soulevemens  que 
facilitait  jadis  la  multiplicite  des  autorites  et  I'incolierence  de  leur 
exercice  sont  maintenant  pliysiquement  et  moralement  impossibles. 

Trois,  quatre  personnes,  a  moins  d'etre  les  complices  meme  du 
Comite,  ne  sauraient  se  rassembler  ni  s'entretenir  sans  danger;  soit 
a  la  promenade,  soit  dans  leurs  maisons.  Le  fermier  est  espionne 
par  son  valet  de  cliarrue,  le  maitre  par  son  domestique,  le  raari  par  sa 
femme,  le  fabriquant  par  ses  ouvriers,  le  marchand  par  ses  comniis. 

Les  retraites  les  plus  impenetrables  sont  a  tout  moment  decelees. 
Rabaut  de  St-Etienne"  et  son  frere,  caches  depuis  cinq  mois  a 
I'extremite  d'un  fauxbourg,  dans  une  loge  recouverte  d'une  boiserie  a 
trape,  et  oil  leur  bote  seul  leur  apportoit  a  manger,  ont  ete  enfin 
trahis,  arretes,  et  executes.  La  crainte  fait  autant  de  dolateurs  que 
I'interet  ou  la  fureur  du  parti. 

On  ne  peut  plus  ni  parler,  ni  ecrire.  Le  Palais  Royal,  cet  ancien 
rendezvous  des  revolutionnaires,  est  absolument  desert :  on  a  vide  le 
jardin,  et  les  maisons,  meme  les  cafFes ;  pas  un  groupe  n'ose  se 
former;  a  la  nuit,  chacun  se  retire  cliez  soi :  on  appelle  cette  retraite 
aller  coucher  sa  Liberie. 

Toutes  les  boutiques  sont  fermees  avant  Iniit  heurcs  du  soir ;  les 
lieux  de  ralliement,  les  entretiens  les  plus  indifferens,  la  solitude,  les 
affaires  privees,  les  correspondances,  sont  egalemcnt  dangcrcuses. 
Chaque  section  dans  les  villes  a  son  comite  de  surveillance  :  lorsqu'on 
lui  echapperait,  on  seroit  invcsti  des  sbirres  de  la  Commune  ou  du 
comite  de  svirete  generale  qui  sortont  de  dessous  les  paves. 
1  He  was  guillotined  December  5,  1793. 


318  JANUARY,   1794. 

Tout  ce  qui  pouvoit  conserver  quelqvie  influence  par  sa  fortune, 
par  un  ancien  credit,  par  cles  services  rendus  nieme  a  la  Revolution  ; 
quiconque  dont  le  nom  offriroit  une  addresse,  une  esperance  aux 
mecontens,  est  arrete,  fugitif,  ou  assassine.  Les  prisons  de  Paris  et 
les  maisons  d'arret  en  renferment  18  mille:  chaque  ville  de  province 
a  proportion  :  un  exil  volontaire  a  derobe,  et  en  derobe  encore,  un 
grand  nombre  a  la  Guillotine :  il  en  sort  toutes  les  semaines  au 
travers  de  mille  perils ;  plusieurs  auxquels  j'ai  parle  ont  fait  a  la  lettre 
le  tour  de  la  France  sous  divers  deguisemens,  sans  avoir  pu  trouver 
une  issue ;  ce  n'est  qu'a  la  suite  des  aventures  les  plus  romanesques 
qu'ils  sont  enfin  parvenus,  a  vol  d'oiseau,  a  gagner  la  Suisse  :  seule 
frontiere  encore  un  peu  accessible  a  cette  foule  d'infortunes. 

Ce  sont  la  plupart  des  liabitans  des  villes  ou  contrees  reassujetties 
par  la  convention,  des  federalistes,  des  anciens  constitutionels,  et 
des  rojalistes  de  toute  denomination. 

Lorsque  les  elemens  d'une  insurrection,  lorsque  la  faculte  de  la 
preparer,  celle  d'en  rassembler  les  instruments,  et  la  volonte  de  la 
faire  ne  seroient  pas  radicalement  detruits,  il  n'y  auroit  aucune 
possibilite  de  I'executer;  car  en  ce  moment,  le  peuple  entier  est 
desarme.  II  ne  reste  pas  un  fusil,  ni  dans  les  villes,  ni  dans  les 
campagnes.  Si  quelque  chose  atteste  la  puissance  surnaturelle  dont 
jouissent  les  meneurs  de  la  Convention  c'est  de  voir  dans  un  instant, 
par  un  seul  acte  de  leur  volonte,  et  sans  que  personne  ose  leur  resister 
ni  s'en  plaindre,  la  nation  ramenee,  de  Perpignan  jusqu'a  Lille,  a  la 
privation  de  toute  defense  contre  I'oppression,  avec  une  facilite  j)lus 
inouiie  encore  que  celle  dont  se  fit  en  1789  I'armement  universel  du 
royaume. 

Voici  un  trait  remarquable  de  cette  facilite.  On  se  rapelle  les 
fibres  annonces  de  la  ville  de  Bordeaux  apres  la  journee  du  31  Mai 
dernier,  qui  abbatit  le  parti- Giron din;  on  voulait  marcher  sur  Paris; 
on  mena9ait,  on  insultait  la  Convention,  on  rompit  avec  elle,  on  la 
provoqua  au  combat.  Tous  les  muscadins  de  Bourdeaux,  et  des 
villes  voisines  s'ttaient  equipes,  montes,  exerces :  ils  etaient  si 
enivres  de  leur  bravoure  que  le  general  Wimphen,  apres  sa  deroute  en 
Normandie,  etant  alle  leur  porter  des  propositions  d'alliance  avec  la 
Vendee,  ils  les  rejetterent  comnie  incompatibles  avec  leurs  idees  sur 
la  Monarchic. 

Au  commencement  d'Octobre  quatre  Commissaires  de  la  Conven- 
tion se  mirent  en  marche  de  La  Reole,  avec  1800  paysans  et 
brigands :    un  herault  alia    ordonner  de    leur   part  aux    braves   de 


TALLIEN   AT   BORDEAUX,  319 

Bourdeaux,  de  sortir  de  la  ville  en  bataillons,  et  de  venir  les  recevoir 
a  la  porte.  Pei'sonne  n'ignorait  qu'ils  etaient  suivis  de  bourreaux, 
de  geoliers,  et  de  coupexirs  de  bourse.  Neanmoins,  1 2, 000  Bordelais, 
gens  de  commerce,  ou  d'industrie,  ayant  fait  depuis  I'origine  de  la 
Revolution  le  service  de  Gardes  Nationales  avec  un  grand  etalage, 
obeirent  a  cette  requisition;  ils  se  rendirent  a  la  porte,  armes,  en 
uniforme,  et  leur  chefs  a  leur  tete.  Pour  mieux  celebrer  I'arrivee 
de  leurs  assassins,  ils  avaient  prepare  des  couronnes  de  chene  au 
Commissaires.  Au.ssitot  Tallien,  le  principal  de  ces  delegues,  apres 
une  harangue  foudroyante  et  outrageuse,  ordonna  a  un  detacliement 
de  ses  bandits  d'aller  arracher  a  la  troupe  doree  ses  bi'anches  de  chene, 
ses  epaulettes,  ses  cocardes :  I'execution  s'etant  faite,  sans  aucune 
resistance,  Tallien  cassa  les  bataillons  Bordelais,  et  entre  en  ville 
avec  sa  troupe  de  gueux  il  proclama  I'ordre  a  tons  les  lial)itans  sans 
distinction,  d'avoir  a  deposer  en  36  heures,  et  sous  -peine  de  mort, 
leurs  armes  sur  le  glacis  du  Chateau  Trompette :  avant  le  terme, 
trente  niille  fusils,  les  epees,  les  pistolets,  jusqu'aux  canifs  furent 
livres :  une  poignee  de  scelerats  conduits  par  quatre  magiciens 
desarma  une  cite  en  rebellion;  100,000  citoyens  recurent  la  loi,  sans 
oser  proferer  un  murmure ;  les  arrestations,  et  les  supplices  com- 
mencerent  le  lendemain  ;  ils  n'ont  pas  discontinue  ;  Bordeaux  est 
aujoui'd'hui  aux  fers  et  pour  toujours;  il  sera  demoli  comme  Lyons 
et  Marseilles. 

II  est  superflu  d'ajouter  qu'on  a  detruit  tout  principe  de  souleve- 
ment,  toute  con  fiance  dans  les  puissances  etraugeres,  toute  opinion, 
tout  desir  de  revolte  par  I'abandon  k  jamais  deplorable  de  Lyons,  de 
Toulon,  de  la  Vendee.  Quiconque  serait  tente  de  croii-e  ai;x 
promesses  du  dehors,  a  des  esperances  fallacieuses,  a  des  invita- 
tions mensongeres,  k  la  possibilite  du  moindre  succes  tournerait  ses 
regards  sur  les  mines  de  Lyons  baigne  du  sang  de  ses  citoyens  egorges; 
il  se  convaincrait  bien  vite  que  le  sort  d'une  rebellion  appuyee 
sur  le  concours  de  la  guerre  etrangere,  est  cent  fois  plus  hoi*rible 
que  la  soumission  au  rasoir  national  et  au  despotisme  de  la  Conven- 
tion. 

Ainsi,  il  sera  prudent  de  renoncer  a  toutes  chimeres  a  ce  sujet,  de 
fermer  I'oreille  aux  menteurs,  aux  flatteurs,  aux  colporteurs  de 
fausses  informations  qui  viendront  imprinier,  ou  dire  aux  Cabinets, 
que  les  opprimes  les  invoquent,  et  qu'on  pent  compter  sur  leur 
assistance.  Je  deniens  a  I'avance  ces  allegations  emphatiques,  et 
j'affirme  que  les  puissances  out  cgorge  rannee  dernicre  toute  faculte 


320  JANUARY,   1794. 

d'insurrections  interieures  en  France,  a  moins  qu'elles  ne  s'ouvrent 
I'interieur  du  royaume  a  force  ouverte. 

Les  Jacobins  ont  profite,  avec  leur  habilite  ordinaire,  de  leurs 
victoires  sur  les  revoltes  :  elles  ont  ranime  le  zele  de  leurs  partisans, 
rendu  la  confiance  aux  plus  timides,  tourne  centre  les  puissances  la 
haine  des  opprimes  sacrifies,  generalise  le  mepris  et  I'horreur  de  la 
E/Oyaute,  rallie  a  la  Convention  les  incertains,  subjugue  la  masse  du 
peuple,  et  extirpe  par  I'enormite  des  vengeances  exercees  toute 
semence  de  soulevement.  On  n'a  plus  d'amis,  plus  de  parens,  plus 
de  communications  verbales  ou  epistolaires  :  la  moitie  de  la  nation 
est  effacee  et  ne  compte  plus  que  pour  servir  aux  besoins  du  fisc  et 
des  armees. 

Les  plans  et  les  decrets  pi-enant  tons  leur  source  dans  le  Comite 
de  Salut  public,  il  exerce  I'initiative  de  la  legislation :  il  jouit  en 
meme  temps  du  droit  de  decision  par  I'asservissement  oii  il  a  plonge 
I'Assemblee  Nationale ;  elle  ne  renferme  pas  200  ou  250  membres ; 
le  reste  a  ete  guillotine,  arrete  ou  mis  en  fuite.  La  parole  est  k  peu 
pres  exclusivement  reservee  a  trente  ou  quarante  montagnards  au 
plus ;  Rohesjnerre,  Danton,  Couthon,  Billaud-  Varennes  tiennent  les 
armes,  les  langues,  les  poignards  dans  leurs  mains :  on  ne  permet  plus 
ni  debats,  ni  discussions ;  cbaque  representant  etranger  a  cette  pha- 
lange dominatrice  tremble  pour  sa  liberte  ou  pour  sa  vie,  et  rachete 
I'uue  et  I'autre  par  une  soumission  silencieuse  aux  volontes  des  chefs. 

Au  nombre  des  absens,  11  faut  mettre  encore  les  commissaires 
envoyes  aux  armees  et  dans  les  departemens.  Le  Comite  pouvant 
les  revoquer  a  toute  heure  arbitrairement,  et  cette  revocation 
devenant  le  prelude  d'un  arret  de  mort,  ces  deputes  ambulans  n'ont 
qu'un  interet,  qu'un  vceu,  qu'une  pensee  j  ils  s'accordent  tous  a  se 
montrer  dans  leur  commission  aussi  inexorables,  aussi  forcenes  que 
leurs  commettans  et  a  leur  prouver  un  devouement  illimite. 

Le  Ministre  prend  les  ordres  immediats  du  Comite,  lui  refere  les 
moindre  details,  execute  ponctuellement  ses  ordonnances,  et  loin  de 
contrarier  sa  puissance,  en  est  I'instrument  passif,  servile,  et  avili  :  on 
n'y  place  que  des  valets;  leui'S  bureaux  sont  leurs  surveillans;  chaque 
commis  un  peu  important  est  a  la  devotion  des  Dictateurs. 
Bouchotte',  Ministre  actuel,  est  un  imbecile,  il  n'a  que  sa  signature 
et  sa  responsabilite.  Pache  quoique  Maire  de  Paris  est  encore  le 
veritable  chef  du  Departement.  Les  autres  Ministres  ne  meritent 
pas  d'etre  nomraes. 

1  Minister  of  War  till  April  1,  1794. 


FINANCES.  321 

Finances.  L'emploi  illimite  des  fonds  publics  est  abandonne  aux 
decisions  du  comite  du  salut  j)ublic.  O'est  vm  abime  impenetrable  : 
la  profusion  des  depenses  est  calculee  sur  la  fecondite,  sur  la  promp- 
titude, sur  la  nature  des  ressources.  Les  finances  se  divisent  en 
revenus  et  en  capitaux,  les  revenus  se  tirent  des  impositions  exigees  a 
usure  des  proprietaiz'es ;  eux  seuls  acquittent  les  taxes ;  le  peuple 
proprement  dit  ue  paye  rien  et  on  ne  songe  pas  encore  a  I'y  obliger  : 
la  regie  et  I'usufruit  des  bieus  nationaux  invendus  forment  une  autre 
branche  de  revenu:  I'une  et  I'aiitre  sont  des  gouttes  d'eau  dans 
I'ocean ;  mais  a  I'aide  des  contributions  arbitraires  et  locales,  qu'on 
impose  sans  mesure  sur  tous  ceux  qui  ont  quelque  fortune  visible, 
elles  suffisent  aux  depenses  courantes  ordinaires  dont  le  montant  a 
diminue  et  diminue  cliaque  jour. 

Cette  diminution  resulte,  1",  de  I'extinction  graduelle  et  mainte- 
nant  enorme  des  rentes  sur  I'ctat.  On  ne  paye  plus  celles  qui  sont 
dues  aux  creanciers  de  sujets  des  puissances  belligerantes :  on  a  gagae 
le  capital  et  les  interets  appartenant  aux  emigres :  la  guillotine  et  les 
confiscations  en  eteignent  successivement :  on  a  suspendu  le  paie- 
ment  des  rentes  dues  aux  communautes ;  les  pensions  allouees  au 
clerge  sont  supprimees,  ainsi  que  les  traitemens  assignes  au  clerge 
constitutionnel ;  enfin  I'etablissement  du  grand  livre  ou  les  parties 
prenantes  sont  obligees  de  faire  enregistrer  les  titres  de  leurs 
creances  diverses  sous  un  meme  n"  a  fourni  le  moyen  de  profiter 
des  negligences,  de  mettre  en  discussion  toutes  les  creances,  de 
oonnaitre  celles  qui  appartiennent  aux  gens  suspects  et  de  couler  a 
fond  tout  ce  qu'on  voudra  anc;i,ntir  de  la  dette  publique. 

2°.  Les  depenses  du  culte  sont  nulles,  3".  Celles  d'administra- 
tion  locale  sont  rejetees  sur  les  departemens.  Une  multitude  d'autres 
branches  telles  que  les  secours  de  cliarite,  les  etablissemens  publics, 
I'entretien  des  routes  sont  egalement  supprimees  ou  tres  reduites. 

Les  depenses  extraordinaires,  rendues  inevaluables,  sont  acquittees 
par  les  ressources  extraordinaires  qui  ont  quadruple  depuis  un  an. 

Ces  ressources  consistent  en  creations  d'assignats,  en  confiscations 
de  capitaux,  en  spoliations  de  tout  genre,  et  dans  I'emprunt  force 
d'un  milliard. 

Quant  au  premier  objet,  il  est  impossible  d'en  savoir  la  valeur, 
puisqu'il  se  fait  au  besoin  des  creations  clandestines,  et  qu'en  divers 
lieux  les  commissaires  delegues  ont  use  et  usent  encore  d'une  planche 
d'assignats.  Le  total  de  ce  papier  en  circulation  a  diminue  dopuis 
qu'on  a  demonetise  les  assignats  royaux. 

G.  C.  21 


322  JANUARY,  1794. 

II  ne  parait  pas,  au  svirplns,  que  la  quantite  plus  ou  moins 
considerable  des  billets  ait  influe  seusiblement  depuis  six  mois  sur  le 
cours  des  changes  ni  sur  le  prix  de  I'or  et  de  I'argent. 

II  faut  attribuer  les  variations  a  d'autres  caixses ;  I'etat  des  affaires 
a  I'exterieur,  les  chances  de  la  guerre  intestine,  les  manoeuvres  des 
gens  de  banque,  les  soldes  plus  ou  moins  considerables  d'achats  et  de 
services  payes  au  dehors  par  le  gouA^ernement,  y  ont  eu  une  part  plus 
speciale.  Ainsi  du  mois  de  mai  au  mois  d'octobre,  les  assignats 
etaient  tombes  de  60  a  75  pour  100  de  perte ;  ils  sont  remontes 
maintenant  a  33  a  35  dans  Paris,  a  45  ou  50  dans  les  pays  qui 
soutiennent  encore  des  rapports  commerciaux  avec  la  France.  Ce 
dernier  prix  se  soutient  depuis  deux  mois ;  mais  depuis  la  reprise  de 
Toulon,  les  avantages  en  Alsace  et  la  defaite  de  la  Yendee,  les 
assignats  ont  encore  hausse  un  moment  de  valeur  dans  le  royaume. 
II  est  des  departemens  on  ils  ne  perdent  que  25  ou  30,  et  ils  seroient 
encore  plus  bas  a  Paris  sans  les  frequens  achats  de  numeraire  qu'a 
faits  la  tresorerie  nationale  dans  le  mois  de  decembre  et  le  com- 
mencement de  celui-ci.  Mais  les  deux  causes  actives  du  credit  des 
assignats  sont :  1°,  La  defense  d'exporter  les  inarchandises  de  France 
a  1  etranger,  defense  qui  a  rendu  les  assignats  inutiles  a  celui-ci.  2°, 
L'emigration  immense  des  capitalistes  et  des  negocians  qui  ne 
pouvant  exporter  I'or  et  I'argent,  font  sortir  I'assignat  dont  le  nombre 
surcharge  I'etranger.  Par  ces  deux  causes  le  papier  monnaie  ne 
tardera  pas  a  retomber.  Au  surplus,  depuis  la  loi  du  maximum  qui 
par  son  extension  a  la  j^bipart  des  denrees  et  des  marchandises 
embrasse  toutes  les  consommations  essentielles,  la  depreciation  des 
assignats  n'est  plus  onereuse  au  gouvernement  que  dans  I'acquisition 
des  fournitures  etrangeres.  Cette  loi  s'execute  avec  rigueur:  personne 
n'ose  i)lus  s'en  plaindre :  elle  a  delivre  la  republique  de  touts  la 
depense  equivalente  a  I'excedant  du  prix  qu'elle  payait  ci-devant  pour 
ses  consommations  :  c'est  une  economie  enorme ;  la  convention  ne 
pouvoit  prescrire  a  I'opinion  de  prendre  les  assignats  au  pair ;  mais 
elle  a  rempli  le  meaie  but  en  soumettant  a,  un  tarif  invariable  la 
valeur  des  denrees  et  des  marchandises. 

Lorsqu'on  est  parvenu  a  forcer  le  citoyen  non  seulement  de 
vendre,  mais  encore  de  vendre  a  un  prix  independant  de  la  valeur 
que  le  papier  monnaie  pent  perdre  au  cours  de  la  place,  et  que  la 
nature  meme  du  papier  monnaie  doit  laisser  toujours  au-dessous  du 
numeraire,  il  est  fort  indifferent  que  ce  papier  ait  plus  ou  moins  de 
credit.     La    convention   a    done   fait   a    la   fois  une    operation    tres 


I 


PAPER   MONEY.  323 

ecouomique  et  une  operation  tres  populaire ;  car  les  sans-culottes 
consomraant  et  ne  possedant  pas,  il  leur  est  fort  cloux  d'acheter  vm 
paj)ier  a  un  prix  qui  lese  exclusivement  celui  qui  vend. 

L'essentiel  a  considerer,  c'est  qu'aujourd'hui,  nialgre  I'enormite 
des  depenses,  les  nouvelles  creations  d'assignats  sont  moins  necessaires 
parce  qu'il  en  faut  une  moindre  quantite  pour  solder  les  besoins  du 
gouvernement  et  parce  que,  ainsi  que  je  le  dirai  dans  I'instant,  il 
paye  en  argent  ce  qu'il  tire  de  I'etranger.  D'ailleurs  le  comite  de 
salut  public  ne  regarde  plus  ces  emissions  nouvelles  que  comme  une 
ressource  subsidiaire:  il  la  menage  et  la  menagera:  ses  efibrts  tendent 
au  conti'aire  a  soutenir  et  a  elever  le  papier,  a  en  diminuer  I'emploi, 
a  restreindre  la  masse  en  circulation,  et  a  faire  remonter  les  changes 
par  des  paiemens  en  especes. 

C'est  dans  cette  vue  que  le  comite  de  salut  public  s'est  empare 
dernierement  de  I'actif  et  du  passif  de  la  banque  de  Paris,  et  du 
royaurae;  en  prenant  tout  le  papier  sur  I'etranger  qui  se  trouvait 
cliez  les  banquiers,  et  en  se  chai'geant  de  payer  leurs  creanciers  au 
dehors.  Vraisemblablement  le  but  de  cette  operation  qi^i  se 
consomme  en  ce  moment  avec  peu  de  succes,  est,  ou  de  spolier  le 
commerce  de  ses  creances  dans  I'etranger,  ou  de  faire  hausser  les 
changes  en  faveur  de  celles-ci,  en  ofFrant,  ainsi  que  le  fait  le  comite, 
d'acquitter  les  remises  en  argent  ou  en  assignats. 

En  general,  on  doit  conclure  1°,  que  le  discredit  des  assignats  est 
et  sera,  toutes  choses  egales  d'ailleurs,  moindre  qu'il  ne  fut  I'annee 
derniere ;  2°,  que  la  convention  en  fera  des  emissions  moins 
frequentes,  3",  que  la  masse  circulante,  jointe  a  celle  de  numeraire 
qu'elle  possede,  suffit  k  ses  monstrueuses  operations. 

Ce  sont  autant  de  verites  de  fait  qui  deviendront  sensibles  en 
apprenant  les  ressources  indefinies  que  la  convention  s'est  ouvertes 
depuis  trois  mois. 

Elle  a  mis  a  sa  disposition  toutes  les  proprietes  du  royaume, 
capitaux  et  revenus.  Les  substances,  les  materiaux  de  fabrication 
necessaire  au  service  public,  toiles,  draps,  metaux,  fi-uits  de  la  terre, 
denrees  coloniales,  tout  est  reconnu,  verifie,  pris  ou  mis  en  requisition. 
Elle  vole  wne  partie  de  ces  consommations,  elle  paye  I'autre  au  prix 
du  maximum.  Quiconque  possede  six  chemises  est  oblige  d'en 
donner  une,  pour  les  besoins  de  I'armee,  des  fournitures  de  souliers, 
de  guetres,  de  bas,  de  chapeaux,  sont  exigees  des  proprietaires  de 
toute  classe.  Les  detachemens  de  I'arniee  revolutionnaii'e  escortant 
des  commissaires  en  tournee  dans  les  departemens  font  des  visites 

21—2 


324  JANUARY,   1794. 

domiciliaires  jusque  dans  les  hameaux;  ils  se  font  delivrer,  outre  les 
articles  deja  indiques,  toute  la  fonte,  le  cuivre  et  le  fer  (excepte 
celui  des  instrumens  aratoires) :  on  a  enleve  jusqu'aux  marmites  des 
patres ;  ils  ont  rafle  de  meme  toixs  les  bijoux,  la  vaisselle  et  le 
numeraire  des  particuliers,  en  donnant  cependant  des  assignats  en 
echange ;  mais  seulement  a  ceux  qu'il  leur  plait  de  ne  pas  declarer 
susjoects. 

Yous  voyez  done  que  non  contente  de  posseder  les  metaux  et  le 
papier  monnaie  qui  sout  les  signes  des  choses,  la  convention  s'est 
emparee  des  choses  memes  qui  constituent  la  ricliesse  reelle.  Ses 
immenses  spoliations  privees,  ajoutees  aux  spoliations  publiques,  au 
numeraire  acqu^is  par  I'echange  des  assignats,  et  la  faculte  de  graduer 
a  volonte  cette  ricbesse  de  papier  monnaie  depuis  qu'on  a  determine 
le  prix  des  choses  que  cette  monnaie  represente,  ouvrent  a  la  conven- 
tion autant  de  sources  intarissables  de  thesaurisation  et  de  depenses. 
Je  le  repete ;  generalement  tout  ce  qui  est  dans  la  sphere  de  ses 
besoins  et  de  ses  crimes  est  en  etat  de  requisition  perjnanente,  c'est  a 
dix-e  en  sa  pleine  puissance ;  car  personne  ne  disposerait  de  ce  qui 
lui  appartient  dans  ce  sequestre  provisoire,  sans  encourir  une 
confiscation  totale  ou  I'assassinat. 

Maintenant  si  vous  debirez  connaitre  les  vols  efFectifs,  les  appro- 
priations au  fisc,  deja  executes  par  la  convention,  independamment 
des  fortunes,  des  revenus,  des  immeubles,  des  produits  de  la  terre  ou 
de  I'industrie  qui  restent  encore  precairement  dans  les  mains  de  leurs 
possesseurs,  et  assujettis  a  la  condition  qui  les  I'end  exclusivement 
disponibles  pour  la  nation  vous  devez  recapituler  : 

1°.  Toute  I'argenterie,  les  ornemens,  les  monumens  metalliques 
des  eglises  de  ville  et  de  campagne. 

2".  La  vente  ou  la  saisie  du  mobilier  des  emigres  de  toute  epoque 
depuis  1789  a  1794,  tout  ce  qu'on  trouve  dans  leurs  maisons,  dans  les 
depots  notariaux,  chez  les  banquiers,  dans  les  fouilles  r6petees  des 
caves,  des  souterrains,  des  murailles  :  nombre  de  maisons  ont  6te 
demolies  uniquenient  sur  le  soupgon  qu'elles  recelaient  des  effets 
caches  dans  les  murs ;  on  continue  ces  decouvertes  sans  interruption. 

3°.  Les  enlevemens  faits  a  force  ouverte  par  les  commissaires  et 
les  detachemens  revolutionnaires  dans  les  departemens  de  toutes  les 
matieres  d'or  et  d'argent  fabriques  ou  monnayes  appartenant  aux 
particuliers. 

4°.  Les  depouilles  des  villes  soulevees  telles  que  Lyon,  Bordeaux, 
Strasbourg,  Marseille ;  cet  ai-ticle  est  d'une  valeur  immense :  'k  Lyon 


CONFISCATIONS.  325 

la  presqiie  totalite  des  negocians  des  marcliands  et  des  fabricaiis  aises 
a  ete  enfermee,  mise  en  fuite,  guillotinee  et  spoliee.  Par  une  ruse  digne 
d'eux,  les  vainqueui'S  en  entrant  dans  la  ville,  affecterent  les  paroles 
de  moderation  et  rassurerent  les  habitans.  Le  commerce  reprit  de  la 
securite,  on  rouvrit  les  magasins,  on  sortit  de  leur  cachette  les  grands 
livres  de  recette,  les  portefeuilles,  les  marchandises  precieuses. 

Pen  de  jours  apres,  le  glaive  se  leva,  les  prisons  et  le  tresor  du 
fisc  se  remplirent ;  I'imprudence  des  negocians  combla  la  rapacite  des 
commissaires,  et  le  butin  fut  plus  considerable  qu'il  ne  I'aurait  ete  si 
les  massacres  eussent  commence  a  la  reddition  de  la  ville.  Los  meil- 
leurs  negocians  de  Marseille  et  de  Bordeaux,  ici  les  respectables  Gradis, 
la  des  Tarterons,  out  ete  assassines  et  leurs  biens  confi.sques.  Tons 
ceux  qui  ont  ftii  ont  laisse  une  grande  partie  de  leurs  proprietes  aux 
coufiscateurs.  J'ai  vu  la  32ieme  liste  des  emigres  de  Marseille 
seulement,  dont  les  biens  ont  ete  confisques  et  mis  en  ente ;  il  s'en 
trouve  12  mille,  et  les  listes  ne  sont  pas  aclievees. 

5°.  La  fortune  des  particuliers  quelconques  guillotines,  est 
cgalement  acquise  au  fisc:  or  comme  il  est  peu  de  proprietaires  riches 
qui  echappent  au  supplice,  ou  a  la  detention^  qui  en  est  le  prelude, 
I'opulence  de  la  convention  n'a  d'autres  bornes  que  celles  de  son 
avarice  et  de  sa  cruaute.  Notaires,  fermiors  gencraux,  banquiers, 
Caisse  d'Escompte,  Compagnie  des  Indes  &c.,  toutes  les  coi'porations 
sont  confisques  en  gros  et  en  detail.  Suivant  les  etats  que  je  me  suis 
procures,  il  parait  que,  sans  compter  les  gi-ands  massacres,  les  fou- 
droiemens  a  coups  de  canon,  tels  que  ceux  qui  ont  eu  lieu  a  Lyon,  et 
les  submersions  artificielles  des  batimens  charges  de  detenus,  qu'on  a 
coules  bas  dans  plusieui's  rivieres,  il  parait,  dis-je,  que  la  guillotine  fait 
perir  en  France  350  a  400  personnes  par  semaine.  Nous  voyons 
tomber  sous  ce  rasoir,  outre  les  aristocrates,  les  contre-re\"olutionnaires, 
les  federalistes,  beaucoup  de  francs  republicains  et  de  sans-culottes 
enrichis.  Aussitot  qu'un  revolutionnaire,  qu'un  des  employes  pulilics, 
qii'un  des  membres  meme  de  la  convention  a  fait,  et  a  laisse  paraitre 
une  fortune  nouvelle,  il  est  arrete,  juge  et  tue.  Fabre  d'Eglantine, 
(pioique  I'un  des  douze  du  comite  de  salut  public,  expie'  en  ce 
moment,  son  carrosse,  ses  festins,  ses  maitresses,  sa  maison  de  cam- 
pague.  Les  adniiuistrateurs  des  vivres,  des  chariots  de  Tarmee,  les 
foui'nisseurs  quelconques,  les  generaux,  les  etats-majors,  les  agens  de 
finance  une  fois  enrichis,  subissent  cette  loi.  La  convention  specule 
savamment  sur  ces  fortunes  de  parvenus ;  elle  ne  met  aucun  obstacle  a 
1  He  was  accused  Jan.  ll-i,  and  executed  April  ."!,  1791. 


326  JANUARY,  1794-. 

leur  formation ;  elle  s'en  empare  aussitot  qu'elles  sont  foniiees  ;  son 
systeme  consiste  a  piller  les  citoyens  riches,  et  a  piller  ensuite  suc- 
cessivement  tons  ceux  qui  le  deviennent:  on  a  vu  des  biens  nationaux 
retomber  quatre  fois  dans  une  annee  aux  mains  de  la  nation,  par  des 
confiscations  successives ;  x\ne  grande  partie  des  domaines  ecclesias- 
tiques  deja  vendus  depuis  1791,  se  retrouve  encore  aujourd'hui  a 
vendre,  par  cette  navette  de  brigandages  qu'entretient  la  convention 
a  la  plus  grande  satisfaction  des  sansculottes  ;  en  guillotiuant  ainsi 
les  agens  divers  qui  ont  accepte  des  entreprises  pour  les  divers 
besoins  publics,  et  qui  ont  fait  des  benefices,  elle  fait  rentrer  ses 
assign  ats  peu  de  temps  apres  les  avoir  depenses. 

L'emprunt  force  d'un  milliard  se  pergoit,  et  est  recouvre  en  grande 
partie,  par  une  taxation  imperative  sur  les  revenus,  taxation  dont  on 
a  vu  le  tarif  exorbitant  dans  un  decret  de  I'ete  dernier;  on  crut  cette 
perception  impraticable,  ou  du  moins  tellement  lesive  que  les  contri- 
buables  y  echapperaient  par  ruse  ou  par  force.  Vaine  conjecture  !  la 
terreur  et  les  delations  ont  fait  payer,  meme  avec  un  empressement 
que  les  proprietaires  ont  considere,  a  tort,  comme  moyen  de  surete. 

J  e  ne  parlerai  que  pour  memoire  des  contributions  extraordinaires, 
exigees  revolutionnairement ;  elles  s'appellent  taxes  seches.  A  Stras- 
bourg elles  ont  ete  de  9  millions  33,000  livres,  i-epartis  sur  chacun  de 
ceux  qui  possedaient  quelque  fortune;  a  Mai^seille  de  douze  millions. 

II  ne  m'a  pas  ete  encore  possible  d'obtenir  une  recapitidation 
approximative  du  produit  de  ces  divers  articles ;  des  gens  instruits 
m'ont  seulement  certifie  et  demontre  par  des  pieces  justificatives  la 
in-obabilite  que,  du  ler  novemhre  1793  cm  premier  Janvier  1794,  il 
etait  entre,  ou  qu'il  existait,  de  trois  a  quatre  cent  millions  de  matieres 
d'or  ou  d'argent  en  fabrication  ou  monnayeesaux  hotels  des  monnaies 
et  d'especes  au  tresor  public.  Chaque  mois,  la  depense  extraordinaire 
empoi'te  environ  300  millions :  cet  etat  dure  depuis  le  milieu  de  I'ete 
dernier;  on  n'y  comprend  pas  I'usage  des  assignats  illegitimes  cad. 
frappes  sans  decret,  et  dont  la  quantite  est  un  mystere.  La  convention 
ni  le  peuple  n'osent  plus  demander,  ni  on  ne  leur  presente  de  comptes 
detailles.  L'immensite  des  brigandages  et  leur  fecondite  faisant 
croii'e  a  des  ressources  inepuisables,  personne  ne  s'occupe  de  la 
depense. 

Celle-ci  augmentera,  loin  de  diminuer.  Le  comite  souverain  a 
pris  pour  base  de  conduite  des  "efforts  sans  bornes":  on  doit  s'attendre 
qvi'il  tiendra  parole,  et  ne  pas  s'etourdir  sur  la  certitude  de  sa  resolu- 
tion a  ce  sujet.     Encore  bien  des  mois  il  soutiendra  le  fardeau  sans 


EXTRAVAGANCE.  327 

epuisement.  Sa  methode  (et  c'est  la  bonne)  est  de  ne  jamais  regarder 
a  une  depense,  lorsqu'elle  est  necessaire.  II  considere  cette  necessite 
d'abovd,  et  la  somme  ensuite  :  Qu'un  objet  coute  cent  ecus  ou  cent 
mille  ecus,  si  le  service  public  I'exige,  la  difference  est  annullee  et 
Ton  va  en  avant.  J'ai  une  infinite  de  preuves  de  fait  a  cet  egard.  Par 
exenii)le,  le  comite  achete  en  Suisse  a  20,  25,  30  louis  d'or  paycs  en 
especes,  des  clievaux  qui  n'en  valent  pas  10  a  12.  II  fait  couper  en 
ce  moment  les  forets  de  la  Savoie  pour  les  cliantiei-s  de  Toulon,  quoique 
ces  bois  vendus  en  province  doivent  couter  trois  fois  ce  que  coutaient 
les  bois  d'Albanie  ou  du  Nord.  Depuis  quelques  mois  le  comite  s'est 
applique  avec  son  infatigable  zele  a  acheter  de  I'etranger,  non  seule- 
ment  ce  qui  lui  manque,  mais  encore  ce  qu'il  veut  conserver  dans  le 
royaume  pour  des  besoins  urgens.  Geneve  et  Bale  sont  les  deux 
grandes  arteres  par  oil  elle  fait  circuler  son  or,  ses  commandes,  ses 
extractions  de  marchandises  et  de  denrees. 

De  ces  deux  points,  elle  fait  passer  ses  remises  en  Allemagne,  en 
Hollande,  en  Angleterre,  en  Italie.  Ses  emissaires  vont  et  viennent 
sans  cesse ;  des  depots  sont  etablis  pres  des  frontieres  povir  recevoir 
les  achats  ;  elle  fait  fabriquer  60  mille  paires  de  souliers  dans  le 
Canton  de  Berne,  et  deux  cent  mille  dans  I'etendue  de  la  Suisse.  Elle 
tire  d'Allemagne  des  cuirs,  des  draps,  des  toiles,  des  chevaux,  des 
armes,  du  iev,  de  la  fonte,  du  cuivx-e,  des  bestiaux,  du  souffre  dont 
elle  etait  k  la  veille  de  manqxier. 

Ces  articles^  ainsi  que  les  grains  dont  nous  parlerons  plus  bas,  sont 
soldes  liberalement,  de  maniere  a  exciter  les  vendeurs  timides  a  la 
contrebande,  qui  se  fait  chaque  jour  par  I'imbecille  incurie  ou  la 
collusion  des  regences  allemandes. 

Yous  pouvez  conclure  de  cet  apcrgu  des  ressources  6nancieres  de 
la  convention,  aperc^u  etabli  sur  des  informations  certaines,  que  la 
republique  est  plus  riche,  et  met  en  dehors  plus  de  ressources  que 
tons  les  souverains  de  la  coalition  reunis  ;  car  ici  c'est  la  ricliesse 
iiationale  d'un  empire,  et  I'accumulation  des  richesses  depuis  un  siecle 
dans  cet  empire,  qui  se  battent  contre  les  faibles  reveniis  de  quelques 
princes  ;  si  Ton  laisse  echapper  cette  verite,  il  ne  sera  pas  etonnant 
de  voir  perpetuer  le  miserable  systeme  d'economie  etroite  et  routiniere 
qui  a  ruine  les  causes  des  puissances  dans  les  deux  dernieres  cam- 
pagnes. 

Armee.  Maintenant  je  passe  a  I'armee,  a  son  commandement,  a 
son  entretien,  a  son  etat  moral,  aux  principes  sur  lesquels  on  la  dirige, 
ct  a  sa  force  nuuierique.     L'armee  a  change  pour  ainsi  dire  sa  nature; 


328 


JANUARY,    1794. 


autrefois  elle  etait  soumise  au  ministre  de  la  guerre,  et  au  comite 
nnlitaire  de  Fassemblee  nationale ;  ministre  et  comite  soumis  eux- 
memes  a  cette  assemblee  :  aujourd'liui  elle  depend,  dans  sa  composi- 
tion, dans  son  regime,  sa  discipline,  ses  chefs,  ses  mouvemens,  d'un 
conseil  tout-puissant,  de  douze  chefs  de  parti  reunis  par  le  meme 
peril  individuel,  par  les  memes  vues  generales,  par  les  memes  passions 
et  investis  d'un  pouvoir  presque  illimite.  Le  ministre  ne  f)eut  don- 
ner  ni  retirer  un  emploi,  creer  ou  destituer  un  general,  secourir  ou 
faire  assieger  une  place,  disposer  des  fonds,  statuer  sur  un  point  de 
discipline,  ni  gouverner  dans  tel  ou  tel  sens  les  coeurs  comme  les 
bras  du  soldat,  sans  I'attache  du  comite  du  salut  public.  Quelquefois 
il  est  vrai,  ce  comite  a  montre  de  la  condescendance  pour  certaines 
nominations  des  bureaux  de  la  guerre,  ferme  les  yeux  sur  les  fripon- 
neries,  les  manoeuvres,  les  horreurs  de  quelques-uns  de  leurs  proteges 
et  repousse  les  denonciations  qu'on  lui  adresse  pour  solliciter  centre 
ces  miserables  Fexercice  de  la  responsabilite.  Ce  cas  est  arrive 
pendant  la  guerre  de  la  Yendee  ou  27  generaux  ont  successivement 
paru  sur  la  scene,  et  oii,  a  I'exception  de  quatre,  tous  eussent  mei-ite 
la  mort  par  leur  anerie,  par  leurs  vols,  par  leurs  debauches  affreuses; 
mais  le  comite  avait  ses  raisons  j^our  tolerer  des  coquins  qui  le 
servaient  sous  d'autres  I'apports  ;  aussi  des  qu'il  a  juge  le  moment 
favorable,  il  a  fait  arreter  Ronsin,  Vincent  et  Maillard,  trois  des 
scelerats  qualifies  qui  ont  figure  dans  les  revers  de  I'ete  dernier  a 
Saumur  et  sur  la  Loire  Inferieui-e.  Le  comite  menagera  de  meme 
toute  cabale  qu'il  a  dans  sa  main,  quelle  que  soit  sa  conduite,  jusqu'a 
I'instant  oii  il  pourra  la  reprimer  sans  perdre  des  creatures  utiles. 

II  n'existe  plus  d'autre  titre  d'avancement  qu'un  zele  feroce  et 
un  devouement  sans  bornes  a  la  convention. 

Quant  au  commandement  en  chef,  les  promotions  sont  determinees 
moins  par  la  capacite  que  par  la  fidelite  du  sujet.  II  ne  reste  aucun 
general  des  premiers  temps  de  la  revolution,  ni  des  18  premiers 
mois  de  la  guerre.  Des  officiers  de  fortune,  des  bas-ofiiciers,  des 
aventuriers  actifs  et  entreprenans  les  ont  rem  places.  Dugommier 
qui  a  emporte  Toulon  et  qui  est  alle  prendre  le  commandement  des 
Pyrenees  passe  pour  le  plus  eclaire  et  le  plus  capable ;  c'est  un 
ancien  officier  d'artillerie. 

II  etait  difficile  qu'a  foi'ce  de  mutations  il  ne  sortit  de  ce  ressasse- 
raent  continuel  de  genei-aux  des  hommes  propres  a  la  guerre  revolu- 
tionnaire  dans  laquelle  ils  ont  ete  eleves  et  pour  laquelle  ils 
montrent    des   talens    analogues    aux    circonstances,    a    I'espece    do 


SPIES   WITH    THE   ARMY.  329 

troupes  qu'ils  commauclent,  et  encore  au  genie  des  gsueraux  qui  leur 
sont  opposes. 

En  se  confiant  a  des  generaux  tires  de  la  far.ge,  le  comite  a 
senti  que  leur  abaissement  passe  et  leur  elevation  presente  lui 
servaient  de  caution  de  leur  lojaute.  Nonobstant  cela,  il  les  a 
entoures  d' Argus  et  des  Mentors.  Les  commissaires  conventionnels 
q'.ii  siegent  aupres  des  armees  sont  dans  le  fait  des  especes  de  con- 
suls investis  de  la  double  autorite  civile  et  militaire,  tandis  que  les 
generaux  representent  les  lieutenans-generaux  de  cavalerie  cliez  les 
Romains.  lis  president  aux  conseils  de  guerre,  sanctionnent,  ou 
changent  les  plans  et  donnent  a  I'armee  une  impulsion  souveraine. 
A  leurs  ordres  se  trouvent  une  nuee  d'espions  et  de  delateurs,  qui 
leur  rendent  compte  de  la  conduite  de  cliaque  chef,  de  ses  discours,  de 
ses  relations,  de  ses  habitudes ;  cette  surveillance  tient  en  bride  les 
agitateurs  incommodes,  dont  le  comite  s'est  debarrasse  au  dedans  en 
leur  donnant  de  I'emploi  a  la  frontiere.  Les  etats-majors,  qui  formcnt 
le  conseil  de  guerre  sont  Fame  de  I'armee ;  ils  redigent  et  preparent 
les  operations.  La  plupart,  officiers  d'artillei'ie  et  du  genie,  ont  ete 
choisis  avec  discernement.  Aides  de  secours  immenses  en  cartes, 
plans,  reconnoissances,  recueillis  au  depot  de  la  guerre,  ils  operent 
reellement  d'apres  I'experience  et  les  lumieres  des  plus  grands 
generaux  de  I'ancienue  monarchie. 

Le  general  execute  ce  que  ces  etats-majors  et  les  commissaires 
ont  decide;  il  n'a  que  sa  voix  dans  la  deliberation  :  partout  ailleurs  il 
est  I'instrument  subordonne :  I'armee  n'est  nullement  dans  la  main 
de  son  chef :  il  ne  disposerait  pas  d'un  bataillon ;  sa  suprematie 
expire  le  lendemain  d'un  jour  de  bataille,  et  ce  jour-la,  on  ne  connait 
que  le  general  et  les  soldats.  Les  officiers  sont  absolument  effaces. 
Que  le  general  soit  pendu  ou  deifie,  cela  ne  change  rien  a  I'esprit  de 
Tarmee  qu'on  a  rendu  independant  de  celui  de  son  chef;  on  a  prevenu 
I'influence  de  I'amour  ou  la  confiance  qu'elle  povuTait  mettre  en  lui  ; 
elle  obeit  a  la  chose,  nullement  a,  la  personne.  Ainsi  isolos,  et  avertis 
par  la  rigueur  comme  par  la  frequence  des  suppliccs,  les  generaux 
actuels  sont  contraints  de  faire  leur  devoir  et  de  le  faire  sans 
negligence. 

L'entretien  et  la  subsistance  des  armees  se  sont  fort  ameliores ;  le 
comite  a  jiorte  une  attention  sci-u^juleuse  a  prevenir  le  dcuucment  qui 
araene  la  defection  et  la  mortalite.  Le  soldat  est  generalement 
mieux  vetu  et  mieiix  equipe :  I'administration  des  vivres  s'est 
perfectionnce  par  des  chatimens,  par    la    necessite,  ct  vemplit   plus 


330 


JANUARY,   1794. 


facilement  ses  approvisionnemens,  depuis  que  toutes  les  denrees  sont 
en  requisition,  et  a  un  prix  fixe  ;  en  consequence  les  armees  ne  se 
ressentent  point  encore  de  la  disette  qui  afflige  plusieurs  parties  du 
royaume.  Les  niemes  moyens  tyranniques  secondent  le  transport 
des  subsistances.  Apres  la  prise  des  lignes  de  Weissembourg,  il 
n'existait  que  900  sacs  de  farine  a  Strasbourg,  la  ville  ne  pouvait 
tenir  six  jours.  Les  commissaires,  les  jacobins,  les  chefs  du 
departement  avaient  deja  charge  leurs  effets ;  les  chevaux  etaient 
atteles,  on  se  preparait  a  evacuer.  M.  de  Wurmser  perdit  5  jours 
avant  d'approcher ;  pas  un  detachement  de  cavalerie  ne  s'avanga 
pour  soutenir  la  terreur.  Strasbourg  respira  ;  des  detachemens  revo- 
lutionnaires  furent  expedies  dans  la  haute  Alsace  et  la  Franche-Comte : 
au  bout  de  douze  jours,  on  eut  rassemble  dans  la  ville  30  mille  sacs. 

On  se  tromperait  fort  de  presumer  que  Tadministration  civile  de 
I'armee  est  exempte  d'abus;  des  dilapidations  monstrueuses  se  renou- 
vellent  et  se  perpetuent  dans  toutes  les  branches ;  mais  nonobstant 
cet  esprit  de  rapine  general  qui  est  porte  a  des  exces  fabuleux,  le  ser- 
vice ne  manque  point,  et  si  le  comite  punit  les  gaspillages  et  les  vols, 
c'est  plutot  pour  ravir  la  depouille  du  voleur,  que  pour  reprimer  des 
prevarications  qui  ne  s'etendent  pas  jusqu'a  laisser  souffrir  I'armee. 
Les  contributions  universelles  et  excessives,  imposees  pour  son 
entretien,  la  soutiendi-ont  encore  6  mois  dans  une  espece  d'aisance ; 
et  le  comite  laissera  plutot  perir  de  faim  et  aller  tous  nus  la  moitie 
des  habitans  que  de  diminuer  1' embonpoint  de  ses  defenseurs. 

On  travaille  maintenant  a  la  grande  mesure  si  longtemps  retardee 
de  I'incorporation  des  volontaires  dans  les  troupes  de  ligne,  et  de 
remplir  les  cadres  de  celle-ci  avec  les  gens  de  la  premiere  levee ; 
jusqu'ici  on  n'avait  ose  tenter  cette  operation  :  la  toute-puissance  du 
comite  a  surmonte  les  difficultes;  I'armee  aura  desormais  plus  d'unite 
et  de  consistance.  Le  regime  de  terreur  a  passe  du  royaume  dans 
les  camps. 

II  y  a  brise  tout  esprit  commun,  toute  intimite,  tous  rapports 
sociaux  enti-e  les  ofEciers  et  les  soldats,  et  des  soldats  entre  eux. 
Kul  n'ose  confier  sa  pensee  a  son  camarade.  Chacun  craint  de 
trouver  un  traitre  dans  un  confident :  cette  defiance  tient  lieu  de 
discipline ;  toujours  effacee  dans  I'interieur,  dans  les  camps,  dans  les 
garnisons,  parce  que  la  convention  veut  perpetuer  le  defaut  de 
consideration  ou  est  tombe  I'ofiicier,  elle  renait  au  jour  d'action :  dans 
aucun  temps,  le  general  n'obtint  de  sa  troupe  plus  d'obeissance  en 
presence  de  I'enuemi. 


SPIRIT   OF   THE    ARMY.  331 

Get  efFet  resulte  de  I'etat  moral  cle  I'armee  en  general.  Elle  n'est 
plus,  comma  ci-devant,  raisontieuse,  politiquante,  stimnlee  au  desordre 
dans  des  clubs,  ni  excitee  contre  ses  chefs  et  ses  officiers.  Les 
revolutions  de  I'interieur,  la  discorde  des  parties,  les  constitutions 
faites  et  a  faire,  tout  cela  lui  est  devenu  etranger  et  indifferent.  On 
n'y  souffle  plus  que  des  harangueurs  soldes  par  les  commissaires ;  on 
ne  permet  qu'avec  mesure  et  choix  I'usage  des  papiers  publics,  meme 
aux  officiers ;  autant  qii'on  le  j^eut,  on  les  entretient  dans  une 
ignorance  profonde  des  desavantages  qu'essuie  la  republique,  des 
pertes  qu'elle  eprouvc,  des  disputes  qui  s'elevent  a  Paris.  Devenue 
etranorere  a  ces  vicissitudes,  I'armee  a  chanfje  d'entliousiasme :  ses 
passions  sont  concentrees  dans  une  exaltation  de  liaine  fanatique 
contre  les  ennemis  de  la  republique,  de  desir  ardent  de  les  battre  et 
de  certitude  enthousiaste  d'y  reussir. 

Tel  est  aujourd'hui  son  esprit  universel :  melange  d'orgueil  et  de 
rage;  de  patriot! sme  furieux  et  d'amour  de  la  gloire;  il  soutient  la 
bravoure,  le  mepris  de  la  mort,  I'obeissance,  la  patience  a  supporter 
les  privations,  les  travaux  et  le  froid :  I'armee  est  en  qvielque  sorte  ni 
rfiyaliste  ni  republicaine ;  c'est  une  nation  sauvage  qui  abhorre  et 
qui  poursuit  les  armes  a  main  d'autres  nations. 

Les  etrangers  et  les  cabinets  se  nourrissent  des  idees  les  plus 
fausses  a  cet  egard.  Les  ilatteurs,  les  etourdis,  les  ignoraus  ne 
cessent  de  leur  dire  que  I'armee  est  pleine  de  mecontens,  et  qu'on 
aui-a  bon  marche  de  rassemblemens  forces,  agites  par  les  dissensions. 
Qui,  sans  doute,  le  nombre  des  soldats  et  officiers  mecontens  egale 
l)eut-etre  celui  des  zelateurs  de  la  convention.  C'est  un  fait  certain, 
que  si  les  uns  sont  reunis  sous  le  drapeau  par  le  fanatisme  de  I'egalite, 
et  de  la  licence,  les  autres  le  sont  par  violence  et  par  terreur ; 
beaucoup  d'entre  eux  ne  sont  dans  les  camps  que  pour  y  cherclier 
leur  surete,  et  celle  de  leurs  families ;  reduits  a  opter  entre  le 
tranchant  de  la  guillotine  ou  le  fer  de  I'ennemi,  ils  ne  balancent  pas : 
mais  I'erreur  consiste  a  penser,  qu'il  resulte  de  cette  difference  d'o- 
pinions  et  de  motifs  une  difference  dans  la  maniere  de  combattre. — 
Non ;  un  esprit,  un  sentiment  commun  auime  tons  les  soldats ;  nul 
ne  veufc  avoir  Fair  d'etre  vaincu  par  des  etrangers;  les  mecontens 
sont  d'abord  franc^-ais  et  ensuite  royalistes.  La  presence  des  armees 
ennemies  affaiVilit  chez  eux  I'interet,  qu'ils  prennent  au  retablissement 
de  la  monarchic  ;  car  lo  militairo,  sans  raisonner,  no  vcut  ni  penser 
ni  surtout  agir  conformcment  a  la  pensce  de  celui  avec  qui  il  va  se 
battre  pour  opinion.      Cette  observation  est  particulicrcment  vraie  du 


832 


JANUARY,   1794. 


solclat  fraiic;ais  dont  la  vauite  forme  I'instinct.  Combinee  avec 
I'enthousiasme  du  temps,  cette  passion  entreprend  tout  et  brave  tout. 
Voila  le  vrai  caractere  des  armees  fran9aises  en  ce  moment. 

Plusieurs  causes,  qui  ne  remontent  pas  au  dela  de  la  derniere 
campagne,  I'ont  produit,  fortiiie,  et  peuvent  le  perpetuer.  La  plus 
puissante  est  cet  art  d'electriser  les  tetes  et  les  cceurs  dont  la  conven- 
tion fait  un  usage  prodigieux,  et  liabituel :  pour  cela  elle  met  a  profit 
tous  les  evenemens  ;  le  mepris  est  verse  a  pleines  mains  sur  les 
ennemis  ;  elle  les  peint  a  ses  troupes,  tantot  comme  des  antbropo- 
pbages,  tantot  comme  des  laches  imbeciles.  Ces  instructions  se 
repetent  non  pas  deux  jours,  mais  tous  les  jours,  et  par  mille  voies. 

Le  delire  du  patriotisme  s'augmente  par  1' opinion  universelle  dans 
I'armee  et  commvme  a  tous  les  partis  que  les  j^uissances  n'ont  d'autre 
but  que  de  ruiner  la  France,  de  la  demembrer,  d'en  saocager  les  villes 
et  les  campagnes;  que  Icur  interet  pour  les  malheurs  de  la  famille 
royale  n'est  qu'bypocrisie,  et  que  sans  distinction  de  monarchic  ou 
de  republique,  c'est  a  la  France  meme,  non  a  la  France  anarchique 
qu'elles  font  la  guerre. 

Enfin  la  mollesse  de  leurs  operations,  le  decousu  deleiir  ligue,  leur 
eternelle  defensive,  I'etude  particuliere  qu'ont  faite  leurs  generaux  de 
laisser  toujours  evanouir  les  fruits  de  la  victoire,  et  de  ne  poursuivre 
aucun  avantage,  leurs  armees  toutes  successivement  battues,  deux 
campagnes  perdues,  ont  porte  I'ivresse  des  Frangais  au  dernier 
l)oint.  La  nouvelle  de  la  prise  de  Toulon  a  excite  des  transports  de 
folic  dans  les  armees;  on  y  a  joint  des  fetes,  des  hymnes,  des  orgies  ; 
I'exaltation  actuelle  passe  toute  croyance. 

Vous  penetrerez  facilement  encore  combien  ce  fanatisme  belli- 
queux  regoit  d'energie  par  le  genre  de  guerre  auquel  on  I'emploie. 
La  tactique  du  comite  n'est  pas  compliquee  ;  attaquer  toujours  en 
grandes  masses;  voila  son  theme  et  nous  venous  de  voir  si  c'est  le  bon. 
Or  des  soldats  toujours  agissans,  toujours  ebranles  par  I'esperance 
d'eufoncer  un  ennemi  plus  circonspect,et  auxquels  cetelan  ne  permet  ni 
de  voir  ui  de  calculer  le  danger,  contractent  une  habitude  de  temerite 
et  une  ardeur  impetueuse  a  marcher  au  combat.  Celerite  et  impe- 
tuosite  sont  pour  eux  les  deux  elemens  de  la  guerre,  elemens  parfaite- 
nient  conformes  a  leur  caractere  et  a  une  guerre  revolutionnaire. 
Comment  voudrait-on  qu'ils  redoutassent  des  ennemis  sans  cesse 
inferieurs,  sans  cesse  culbutes  par  le  nombre,  sans  cesse  enfermes  dans 
un  cercle  d'operations  defensives,  et  qui  n'ont  jamais  voulu  prendre 
la  peine  de  leur  montrer  qu'ils  etaient  redoutables.     Lorsqu'on  voit 


CONTRAST  BETWEEN  THE  FRENCH  ARMY  AND  THE  ALLIES.     833 

un  general  autricliien  retranclie  derriere  quelques  redoutes,  se  laisser 
attaquer  treiite  et  une  fois  en  cinq  semaines  sans  aller  lui-meme  line 
seule  fois  a  I'ennemi,  se  laisser  ecraser  en  detail,  force  ensuite  a  nne 
deroute  qxi'on  compare  a  celle  de  Rosbach  et  perdre  en  cinq  jours  le 
prix  du  sang  de  la  plus  belle  armee  ;  lorsque  d'une  autre  part,  on  voit 
un  sergent  d'artillerie  (Pichegru)  devenu  general  en  chef,  ramener 
chaque  jour  pendant  un  mois  ses  soldats  sur  les  Autrichiens  et  fiuir 
par  un  triomphe  eclatant,  on  pent  s'attendre  a  un  exces  d'enthou- 
siasme  dans  ses  troupes  et  a  I'opinion  la  plus  exageree  de  leur  irresis- 
tible intrcpidite. 

Ainsi  vous  avez  maintenant  a  conibattre  ce  qu'il  n'a  tenu  qu'aux 
generaux  et  aux  cabinets  de  la  coalition  d'eviter :  vous  avez  a 
combattre  ce  qui  n'existait  pas  dans  la  premiere  campagne  et  a  un 
faible  degre  dans  le  debut  de  la  seconde,  des  arinees  jyassionnees  aux 
jirises  avec  les  passions  des  souverains,  un  peuple  soldat,  fanatise, 
auquel  on  oppose  des  soldats  materiels,  indifferens  ct  I'ohjet  de  la  que- 
Telle  et  dont  la  discipline  n\i  pas  prevenu  les  defaites. 

Get  immense  desavantage  est  parfaitement  connu  du  comite,  des 
generaux,  de  chaque  bataillon  :  ce  ne  sera  pas  le  seul  qu'on  aura  gague 
en  s'amusant  a  faire  trainer  la  guerre  jusqu'a  une  quatricme  campagne 
et  a  speculer  tranquillement  sur  la  revolution. 

Vous  ne  trouverez  ]>lus  des  ennemis  desorganises,  des  constitu- 
tionels  et  des  federalistes  au  commandement  des  troupes  et  des  places, 
ni  des  armees  en  haillons  et  dissoutes  comme  I'etait  celle  de  Dumou- 
riez. 

Le  comite  eleve  ses  sacrifices  a  la  hauteur  de  ses  dangers,  de  ses 
esperances,  de  ses  plans.  Non  seulement  il  entretient  dans  I'armee  la 
soumission,  non  seulement  il  redouble  de  moyens  pour  I'exalter,  il  a 
travaille  de  plus  a  lui  procurer  les  secours  dont  elle  manquait.  On 
a  forme  un  corps  innombrable  de  tirailleurs  qui,  a  I'aide  des  positions 
que  les  etats-majors  choisissent  to uj ours  avec  art,  incommodera  les 
armees  alliees  autant  qu'il  a  incommode  celle  de  M.  Wurmser  en  la 
forcant  d'etre  toujours  sur  ses  gardes.  Ces  troupes  legeres  sont 
maintenant  plus  que  doublees. 

On  a  multiplie  I'artillerie  a  cheval  surtout  dans  les  armees  d'Al- 
sace  et  du  nord;  on  I'augmenterait  encore  ainsi  que  la  grosso  artillerie 
employee  en  campagne  sans  le  manque  de  chevaux  dont  la  perte  a  etc 
incalculable.  Au  mois  de  novembre  on  avait  pris  de  force  en  Alsace 
une  partie  des  attelages  de  I'entrepi-ise  des  charrois  j)Our  le  service  de 
I'artillerie  a  cheval;  d'apres  les  renseignemens  que  m'a  fouruis  un  des 


o34  JANUARY,   1794. 

cliefs  de  cette  entreprise,  echappe  cle  Strasbourg  au  commencement  tie 
I'annee,  il  me  parait  impossible  que  ce  deficit  de  chevaux  de  trait  ne 
mette  pas  hors  de  combat  une  partie  de  I'artillei-ie  si  la  campagne 
s'ouvre  avec  vivacite. 

Quant  au  service  du  canon,  tons  les  teraoignages  que  j'ai  consultes 
me  confirment  qu'il  est  aujourd'hui  tres  inferieur  a  ce  qu'il  etait  au 
commencement  de  la  guerre.  En  officiers  et  en  artilleurs  on  a  fait 
des  pertes  qui  ne  se  remplacent  pas  comme  celle  d'un  simple  fantassin, 
mais  I'exercice  continuel  et  la  quantite  de  gens  des  professions  meca- 
niques  qiii  ont  repeuple  les  anciens  regimens  de  canonniers  diminuent 
chaque  jour  I'imperfection  du  service. 

La  cavalerie  s'est  trouvee  presque  aneantie  au  milieu  de  lete 
dernier  ;  elle  n' etait  encore  un  pen  considerable  que  dans  I'armee 
d'Alsace  ou  les  regimens  de  chasseurs  a  cheval  ont  fait  leur  devoir 
avec  distinction,  et  ont  soutenu  le  choc  de  la  cavalerie  autrichienne. 

La  convention  se  flatte  et  le  comite  de  salut  public  annonce 
que  I'armee  aura  60  mille  cavaliers  et  dragons,  et  40  mille  hommes  de 
cavalerie  legere,  pour  la  prochaine  campagne.  Cette  promesse  est-elle 
une  gasconnade?  Je  ne  puis  le  decider;  mais  des  rapports  auxquels  j'ai 
contiance  m'attestent  unanimement  qu'ou  fait  des  efforts  prodigieuxpour 
en  remonter.  Le  comite  achete  des  chevaux  a  tout  prix;  depuis  trois 
mois  la  Suisse  lui  vend  les  siens,  il  en  est  sorti  3  a  400  chaque  semaine 
par  le  compte  de  Neuchatel,  autant  chaque  semaine  par  Bale,  d'autres 
convois  ont  traverse  Geneve.  Cette  exportation  que  les  cantons 
ont  defendue  et  dont  les  ministres  etrangers  n'ont  daigne  se  plaindre 
que  lorsqu'elle  a  ete  achevee,  a  tellement  epuise  le  pays  que  s'il  avait 
besoin  de  six  cents  cavaliers  il  ne  trouverait  pas  aujourd'hui  a  les 
monter.  Je  parle  d'apres  les  connaissances  positives  parvenues  aux 
chefs  du  gouvernement. 

Ce  n'est  pas  tout;  8,000  chevaux  ont  ete  achetes  dans  le 
Wirtembourg :  on  en  fait  sortir  chaque  jour  d'Allemagne  par  la 
Suisse.  J'en  ai  rencontre  avant-hier  vm  convoi  de  180  qiii  se  rendait 
en  Savoie.  Un  de  mes  amis  en  a  vu  passer  un  pres  de  Soleure  de 
270,  venant  de  la  Souabe  et  allant  dans  le  Sundgau.  Cette  foire  ne 
discontiniie  pas  :  I'appat  d'un  gain  exorbitant  I'emporte  sur  les  risques 
de  la  contrebande ;  paysans,  marchands,  entremetteurs,  chacun  la 
favorise.  A  ma  connaissance  un  seul  paysan  du  voisinage  de  Berne 
avait  il  y  a  L5  jours  20  quintaux  d'ecus  en  depot  pour  achat  de 
chevaux.  Ce  canal  de  la  Suisse  que  les  puissances  ont  laisse  ouvert 
avec  tant  d'imprudence  sert  au  comite  a  I'acquisition  des  fournitures 


INFORMATION    OF   THE   REVOLUTIONATtY   GOVERNMENT.      835 

qiielconques  qui  lui  sont  necessaires,  et  de  ])lu.s  a  transmettre  ses 
manoeuvres  et  ses  corruptions  au  dehors. 

Pratiques  au  dehors.  Trop  preoccupee  I'annee  derniere  de  ses 
divisions  intestines  et  ne  vivant  que  d'assignats,  la  convention  avait 
rallenti  le  cours  de  ses  pi-atiques  exterieures.  Elle  a  repris,  etendu, 
alimente  ce  geni^e  d'hostilites  par  des  sacrifices  pecuniaires.  Dans 
les  villes  qui  avoisinent  ses  armees,  dans  les  capitales  oil  siegent  les 
gouvernemens,  dans  les  camps  meme,  elle  paye  des  espions,  des  traitres, 
des  revelateurs.  Yoici  des  faits  constans.  Les  commissaires  savaient 
a  Strasbourg  jusqu'aux  moindres  details  de  Tarmee  de  Wurmser  et  de 
ses  projets.  Quoique  Landaii  fut  l»loque,  tons  les  deux  jours  les  com- 
missaires en  recevaient  le  bulletin.  Les  membres  du  comite  de  salut 
public  et  leurs  affides  annoncerent  la  prise  certaine  de  Toulon  pres  do 
20  jours  avant  I'attaque  :  ce  fut  par  suite  de  la  connaissance  exacte 
qu'ils  avoient  de  la  faiblesse  de  la  garnison,  des  divisions  existant 
entre  les  Espagnols  et  les  Anglais  et  des  detacliemens  charges  de  la 
defense  de  chacun  des  forts,  que  le  comite  ordonna  a  I'armee  assie- 
geante  d'attaquer  d'assaut.  La  flotte  anglaise  n'a  pas  fait  un  mouve- 
ment  ni  prepare  une  soi'tie  que  les  Jacobins  n'en  aient  ete  instruits 
d'avance. 

lis  se  vantent  assez  publiquement,  et  le  comite  avec  i)lus  de 
discretion,  des  intelligences  qu'ils  out  au  dehors  :  ils  prodiguent  trop 
d'argent  pour  le  prodiguer  en  vain :  ce  que  je  sais  de  certain  c'est  que 
par  I'entremise  de  Geneve,  Bale,  Zurich,  Hambourg  et  Genes  ils  font 
passer,  ainsi  que  je  I'ai  rapporte  plus  haut,  des  remises  considerables, 
en  Italie,  en  Allemagne,  en  Angleterre. 

lis  ont  des  emissaires  et  des  correspondans  nationaux  en  Saxe,  en 
Baviere,  a  Berlin,  a  Turin,  a  Milan,  a  Londres. 

N'esperant  rien  obtenir  en  Autriche,  ni  y  faire  reussir  des  inti'igues 
trop  directes,  ils  se  contentent  d'y  semer  des  bruits  alarmans  et  d'y 
provoquer  le  desir  de  la  paix.  Leur  politique  a  I'egard  de  cette 
puissance  se  reduit  a  travailler  a  la  priver  de  ses  allies. 

Ils  se  reposent  sur  I'ancienne  rivalite  des  deux  couronnes,  sur  la 
duree  de  la  guerre,  et  sur  le  parti  qui  est  mecontent  a  Berlin,  pour 
dissoudre  I'alliance  des  deux  chefs  de  la  coalition  en  Allemagne  ;  ils 
entretiennent  des  amis  secrets  charges  de  fom enter  des  divisions  de 
declarer  contre  la  guerre  et  de  leur  faii'e  des  pensionnaires  dans  les 
etats-majoi's  et  dans  les  bureaux. 

Ils  destinent  Genes  a  etre  le  brulot  de  I'ltalie;  de  la  leurs 
emissaires  tres  nombreux  et  tres  actifs  dans  cotte  ville  empoisonnent 


336  JANUARY,    179-i. 

le  Piemont  et  la  Lombardie  ;  clivers  conimis  et  meme  des  chefs  sont 
soupQounes  dans  plus  d'une  coin'  d'ltalie  d'etre  a  leur  solde.  Et  ce 
soupgon  n'est  peut-etre  pas  calomnieiix. 

Mais  leurs  efforts  en  ce  genre  se  dirigent  principalement  sur 
I'Angleterre.  J'ai  appris  par  plusieui'S  canaux  differens,  mais  tons 
venant  de  Paris  et  aboutissant  au  comite,  qu'il  se  vante  d'avoir  des 
gens  a  lui  dans  les  bureaux  de  Tamiraute,  de  la  guerre  et  des 
affaires  etrangeres.  Certainement  quelques-uns  des  cliefs  de  la  con- 
vention d'Ecosse  etaient  gages  par  lui.  II  entretient  des  messagers 
anglais  qui  vont  et  viennent  pour  son  compte  tantot  par  Ostende, 
tantot  par  Helvoet,  qui  se  rendent  en  France  et  qui  en  ressor- 
tent. 

Ce  commerce  se  fait  a  I'aide  de  faux  passeports,  ou  avec  des 
passeports  surpris  aux  amba?sadeurs,  a  leurs  secretaires,  aux 
regences  des  etats  neutres.  Tres  recemment  un  agent  du  comite 
de  salut  public  nomme  Mazeliere  est  arrive  a  Bale ;  la  il  a  mis  un 
bras  en  echarpe,  a  coupe  ses  moustaches  et  s'est  dit  venant  de 
I'armee  du  Prince  de  Conde.  Son  dessein  etait  d'obtenir  un  passe- 
port  de  Lord  Fitzgerald  ou  du  ministre  imperial  pour  se  rendre  en 
Angleterre :  il  avait  apporte  une  somme  forte  en  or,  outre  un 
portefeuille  d'assignats  qu'il  a  echanges  a  Bale  contre  des  traites  sur 
Londres  et  Amsterdam.  Instruit  du  projet  de  ce  coquin  par  une 
personne  qui  avait  achete  sa  protection  pour  sortir  de  Paris,  j'en  ai 
prevenu  Lord  Fitzgerald. 

Mais  le  plan  favori  du  comite  consiste  a  renverser  le  ministere 
actuel,  a  former  en  Angleterre  un  foyer  revolutionnaire,  ainsi  que  le 
rapporte  I'ecrivain  d'une  des  lettres  annexees  a  ce  resume,  a  faire 
baisser  les  fonds  publics  et  prevaloir  des  propositions  de  paix  ou  de 
guerre  defensive. 

On  poursuit  ce  projet  par  toutes  les  voies  imaginables ;  il  fait 
oublier  au  comite  toutes  ses  entreprises  etrangeres.  Ce  conseil 
s'efforce  d'attaquer  le  gouvernement  anglais  par  les  revers,  par 
I'opinion,  par  I'argent,  par  la  corruption  des  subalternes,  dont  la 
venalite  n'est  malheureusement  q^^e  trop  constatee ;  et  des  qu'il  sera 
parvenu  a  susciter  quelque  secousse  interieure  il  tentera  uue  descente 
dont  on  prepare  les  elemens. 

La  semaine  derniere,  il  est  echappe  a  Barthelemi,  ministre  de 
France  aupres  du  corps  helvetique,  de  dire  a  un  magistrat  Suisse  de 
qui  je  tiens  ce  discours :  Nous  travaillons  dans  ce  moment  et  avec 
activite  a  renverser  le  ministre  anglais  et  cl  /aire  demander  la  paix 


STATE    OF    PROVISIONS.  337 

au  Parlempyiif.  SI  cela  reitsslt  nous  soinmes  snuves,  si  cela  manqup,  J<v 
revolution  est  perdue,  nous  n'ii'ons  pas  d,  la  Jin  de  la  campagne. 

Siihsistances.  Dans  le  nombre  infini  des  proplieties,  des  illusions, 
des  notions  fausses  qui  ont  exalte  les  tetes  au  dehors  et  produit  tant 
d'absurdes  combinaisons,  la  pretendue  famine  de  la  France  a  joue  et 
joue  encore  un  grand  role.  On  trouve  commode  de  reposer  son 
incurie  sur  des  fleaux  extraordinaires  qui  tiaeront  la  revokition  sans 
qu'on  ait  besoin  d'inquietudes  et  d'efForts  pour  s'en  delivrer. 

Cette  histoire  de  la  famine  doit  etre  releguee  parmi  les  fables, 
ainsi  que  I'espoir  fonde  sur  Tanarchie,  sur  la  lassitude,  sur  I'exces  de 
la  tyrannie,  et  autres  billevesees  de  cette  espece. 

Si  Ton  entend  par  la  famine  une  rarete  locale  de  grains,  une 
diminution  dans  la  consommation  du  pain,  une  alteration  de  sa 
qualite,  un  defaut  d'abondance  porte  jusqu'a  ne  laisser  dans  le 
royaume  que  le  necessaire,  on  a  raison  :  mais  toute  idee  au  dela  est 
exageration. 

La  recolte  derniere  a  ete  generalement  bonne  en  France  et 
excellente  dans  quelques  provinces.  Apres  avoir  mis  tons  les  grains 
ancieus  ou  nouveaux  en  requisition,  le  Comite  a  ordonne  un  premier 
recensement  dans  chaque  departement :  les  administrations  qui  I'ont 
execute  ont  trouve  dans  la  pluralite  un  deficit  sur  la  quantite 
necessaire  a  la  consommation  annuelle. 

Instruit  que  ce  deficit  resultait  des  fraudes  et  des  reticences  et 
qu'il  existait  des  grains  caches,  le  Comite  a  fait  faire  un  second 
recensement  par  les  agens  revolutionnaires  :  alors  le  deficit  a  disparu, 
et  il  s'est  trouve  partout  un  excedant  plus  ou  moins  considerable, 
excepte  dans  le  petit  nombre  de  provinces  qui  ne  recueillent  jamais 
assez  de  grains  pour  leur  consommation :  j'ai  vu  les  releves  des  deux 
recensemens  faits  sur  27  depai'temens,  ils  emportent  im  excedant  de 
15,  20,  30,  35  mille  setiers  de  grains. 

II  n'y  a  done  pas  disette  effective,  mais  les  besoins  enormes  des 
armees  et  I'approvisionnement  des  places  entrainent  une  accumu- 
lation de  subsistances  dans  les  magasins  j)ublics,  les  gaspillages 
inevitables  dans  la  formation  et  la  di.stinbution  de  ces  magasins 
occasionnent  des  non-valeurs.  Ainsi  on  pent  pr^sumer  que  le 
superflu  existe  aujourd'hui  dans  peu  de  departemens,  et  qu'en  temps 
ordinaire  on  aurait  peine  a  atteindre  le  niveau  jusqu'a  la  recolte 
prochaine. 

Cependant  plusieurs  circonstances  modifient  I'effet  de  cette  rarete. 
1".   Dans  tout  le  royaume  excepte    a   Pai'is  ou  ne  mange  que  d'un 

o.  c.  22 


388  JANUARY,  1704. 

senl  pain,  nomme  pain  de  TEgalite.  II  est  mele  de  seigle  on  d'orge 
et  de  son,  il  ne  va\it  pas  le  bon  pain  de  munition;  mais  le  citadin  rt 
le  villageois  sent  trop  heurenx  d'en  avoir  de  cette  espece  et  si  un 
fermier  ou  un  bourgeois  s'avisait  d'en  fabriquer  de  meilleur  pour  son 
usage,  en  reservant  le  pain  d'Egalite  pour  ses  valets,  il  serait 
denonce,  pille,  incarcere  et  probablement  egorge.  2°.  La  quantite  de 
grains  necessaire  pour  sa  consommation  etant  fixee,  personne  ne 
s'avise  de  I'exceder  par  la  crainte  d'en  manquer.  3°.  Lcs  adminis- 
trations sont  seules  autorisees  a  faire  vendre  des  grains  dans  les 
mai^clies ;  et  elles  n'en  delivrent  en  chacun  qu'a  raison  du  besoin 
de  I'instant,  et  avec  une  extreme  parcimonie.  Dans  les  villes,  la 
consommation  de  cliaque  famille  est  rigoureusement  fixee;  nul 
boulanger  n'oserait  delivrer  plus  de  pain  que  les  arrets  municipaux 
n'en  allouent  a  cliaque  individu.  4°.  On  a  mis  en  requisition  les 
chataignes,  les  pommes  de  terre,  les  navets,  les  mais,  le  millet,  tout 
ce  qui  pent  suppleer  au  ble.  On  fait  consommer  ces  derniers  aux 
habitans  des  campagnes  pour  economiser  les  grains  et  augmenter 
d'autant  la  quantite  disponible  de  ceux-ci.  5°.  Enfin,  malgre  les 
precautions,  (il  est  vi-ai,  aussi  faibles  qu'imparfaites  des  puissances 
belligerantes)  le  Comite  se  procure  des  grains  de  I'exterieur  par  le 
concours  des  puissances  neutres,  et  par  celui  du  commerce  de  tons 
les  pays  qu'on  attire  a  force  d'or.  Deux  negocians  dvi  Havre  m'ont 
affirme  que  pendant  le  seul  cours  du  mois  de  novembre,  il  etait 
entredans  ce  port  18  navires  charges  de  grain;  c'etaient  des  batimens 
danois  et  hollandais ;  les  derniers  ne  se  font  aucun  scrupule  de  ce 
trafic ;  ils  prennent  de  faux  connaisseraens  pour  le  Portugal  et 
I'Espagne  et  vont  decharger  dans  les  ports  de  France.  Leurs 
cargaisons  sont  payees  en  especes  sonnautes  a  tres  bon  prix  et 
avec  toutes  sortes  d'encouragemens.  Plusieurs  out  deja  fait  deux 
voyages. 

II  echappe  encore  nombre  de  navires  des  Etats-Uuis,  et  de  toutes 
les  parties  du  nord.  A  la  fin  de  decembre  un  navire  danois 
cliai-ge  de  trente  mille  fusils  euti-a  au  Havre  apres  avoir  ete  visite 
par  une  fregate  anglaise,  qui  le  laissa  passer  sur  un  faux  connaisse- 
ment  pour  la  Corogne. 

Genes  a  approvisionne  I'annee  derniere  I'armee  de  Nice,  celle  de 
Marseille  et  la  Provence.  Lorsque  Toulon  fut  pris  par  les  allies,  ce 
trafic  continua  avec  plus  de  difficultes  et  moins  d'etendue,  par  la 
route  de  terre  ou  par  le  cabotage  clandestin  a  Nice  et  a  Antibes. 

II  vient  de  reprendre  sa  funeste  activite ;  le  blocns  tardif  du  port 


IMPROVEMENT    IN    SUPPLIES.  389 

de  Genes,  et  des  croisieres  qiie  la  saisoii  rend  insiiffisantes,  Ic  gcnent, 
il  est  vrai,  dopuis  quelques  semaines ;  mais  le  mal  est  fait,  les 
magasins  de  Provence  sont  alimeutes  pour  quelque  temps :  riucou- 
stance  des  me.sures  employees  envers  Geues  par  les  allies,  ces 
demandes  hautaiues,  liasardees  et  retirees  ;  ces  declarations  qni  ont 
irrite  les  esprits ;  ces  menaces  non  executees  et  devenues  un  sujet  de 
derision;  la  perte  de  Toulon;  la  fermentation  et  la  preponderance  du 
parti  franQais ;  eniin  I'inconcevable  indolence  des  allies  a  I'egard  de 
cette  villa,  qui  devient  le  briilot  de  I'ltalie  et  qui  bientot,  si  on  ne 
prend  un  parti  decisif,  en  ouvrira  les  poi'tes  aux  Francais ;  tout  cela 
a  fortifie  la  hardiesse,  la  cupidite  et  Temulation  des  interlopes. 

Depuis  que  le  comite  de  salut  public  a  fixe  les  renes  dans  ses 
mains,  I'administration  des  subsistances  s'est  amelioree  :  Paris  s'est 
principalement  ressenti  de  ce  cliangement ;  il  est  plus  facilement, 
plus  abondamment  approvisionne  qu'il  ne  I'etait  il  y  a  trois  mois  : 
le  pain  est  meilleur  et  en  plus  grande  quantite  :  les  inquietudes 
sont  ajournees. 

Si  vous  faites  attention,  que  les  grands  consommateurs,  les  riches 
proprietaires  sont  ou  retranches  de  la  population,  on  reduits  au 
moindre  taux  de  subsistance;  que  plus  de  200  mille  d'entre  eux,  detenus 
dans  les  differentes  villes  du  royaumo,  ne  vivent,  dans  leurs  prisons, 
ou  maisons  d'arrets,  que  d'une  faible  ration  de  pain  ;  si  vous  observez 
que  chaque  jour  la  population  diminue  par  les  supplices,  par  les 
pertes  de  la  guerre,  par  I'emigration,  vous  serez  convaincu  que  la 
France  ne  se  trouve  encore  qu'a  un  degre  de  disette  relative,  qui 
anciennement  eut  amene  la  famine  ot  que  le  regime  du  jour  pent 
soutenir. 

D'ailleurs  tenez  pour  certain  que  le  principe  fondamental  du 
comite  est  de  nourrir  la  capitale  et  les  armees :  les  besoins  du  reste 
de  la  republique  ne  lui  donnent  pas  une  lieure  de  soucis ;  au 
contraire  il  specule  sur  ses  souffrances,  il  salt  qu'elles  tendent  a  trans- 
former en  soldats  ceux  qui  ne  peuvent  plus  vivre  en  citoyens.  La 
disette  grossit  les  levees  par  requisitions  ;  la  disette  excite  les  affames 
a  clierclier  leur  subsistance  dans  les  camps  et  aux  invasions  qui 
promettent  le  pillage  des  contrees  et  des  magasins  ennemis ;  c'est 
tete  levee,  sans  pudeur,  avec  I'affiche,  quo  le  comite,  les  Jacobins,  les 
agens  revolutionnaires  proposent  et  projettent  des  massacres;  pour 
diminuer  la  consommation  des  vivres,  si  besoin  est,  ils  viendront  a 
egorger  leurs  prisonniers,  les  femmes,  les  vieillards,  comme  autnnt  de 
bouches  inutiles. 

0  0 9 


340  FEBIlUAllY,   1704. 

Quel  sera  Feffet  de  cet  etrange  etat  de  clioscs  ?  Nous  le  diroiis 
dans  la  seconde  partie  de  ce  resume  ou  je  vous  developperai  le 
caractere  et  la  classification  des  sentiniens  du  peuple;  ce  qu'il  faut 
penser  des  divisions  actuelles  entre  les  Jacobins,  de  la  duree,  de  la 
politique,  du  but  general  du  comite  de  salut  public  ;  et  enfin  des 
bases  de  conduite  que  cette  masse  de  notions  indique  aux  puis- 
sances. 

Je  commencerai  cette  seconde  partie  par  un  aperqu  exact  de  la 
force  des  armees  ;  du  nombre  auquel  elles  seront  portees ;  des  limites 
peu  connues  oil  cette  masse  militaire  doit  necessairement  rester ;  et  de 
I'emploi  actuel  des  levees  de  premiere  requisition. 


Finis. 


Endorsed 
In  Lord  Elgin's,  Feb.  lith. 


Extrait  d'une  lettre  adressee  a  Milord  Elgin. 

16/ei'.,  1794. 

Voici,  My  Lord,  la  suite  du  premier  depouillement,  dont  vous 
recevrez  la  derniere  partie  par  I'un  des  courriei's  de  la  semaine.  Je 
A'oudrais  pouvoir  rendre  ces  bases  liistoriques  tres  completes,  pour 
fixer  votre  jugement,  et  prevenir  les  erreurs  de  fait  sur  lesquelles  je 
persiste  a  craindi'e  qu'on  n'edifie  les  plans  de  coiiduite  pour  cette 
annee.  Ne  perdez  point  de  vue  que  vous  avez  affaire  a  gens  qui  ont 
organise  la  desorganisation  et  que  vous  finirez  mal  une  guerre 
malheureuse  qu'il  faudra  recommencer  bientot,  si  elle  n'entr'ouvre 
pas  avant  six  mois  le  coeur  meme  de  la  revolution. 

J'ai  regu  un  billet  timide  et  couvert  de  mon  voyageur  a  Paris. 
II  me  demandait  des  explications ;  aussitot  qu'il  les  aura  regues  il  doit 
se  remettre  en  route.  11  renvoie  a  ce  moment  de  me  rendre  compte, 
n'osant  pas,  avec  raison,  se  confier  a  la  poste.  II  a  eu  beaucoup  de 
peine  a  s'accrediter  aupres  des  personnes  que  je  lui  ai  designees;  on 
n'ose  se  fier  a  son  meilleur  ami,  a  plus  forte  raison  a  un  visage 
etranger,  avant  d' avoir  bien  authentiqne  son  caractere  et  sa  mission. 

Par  les  derniers  avis  que  j'ai  re^us  en  date  du  2  et  du  6 
j'apprends  que  le  comite  va  lever  la  seconde  requisition  de  25  a  45 
ans ;  preuve  de  plus  que  la  premiere  n'a  servi  qu'au  complement  des 
cadres  de  Tarmee  :  la  seconde  donnera  plus  de  sujets,  ainsi  que  vous 
le  verrez  dans  le  travail  inclus. 


STATE    OF    FINANCES.  341 

Par  un  nouvel  etut  })lus  correct,  (jui  m'a  ete  found,  je  crois  qua 
la  date  du  24  Janvier,  le  comite  avait  75  millions  monnayes  au 
tresor  public,  et  i)our  au  dela  de  330  millions  de  matieres  d'or  et 
d'argent.  Cette  somme  est  un  pen  plus  forte  que  cells  que  je  vous 
avais  indiquee.  On  en  verrait  bientot  la  fin,  si  de  noiivelles  rapines 
ne  rempla9aient  les  vides.  Les  assignats  sont  retombcs  au  dehors  a 
56  p.  100  de  perte  :  dans  I'interieur,  point  de  prix  fixe  :  il  varie  depuis 
le  pair  jusqu'a  33  :  le  })apier  etant  devenu  rare  surtout  dans  les 
campagnes,  et  personne  n'osant  payer  en  especes,  pour  vivre  les 
particuliers  sont  obliges  de  sortir  leur  or  et  leurs  ecus,  et  d'aller 
les  echanger  aii  })air  au  bureau  de  leur  district  ou  de  leur  munici- 
palite. 

Le  comite  va  faire  fondre  des  especes  qu'on  reduira  en  lingots, 
pour  s'en  servir  au  dehors  et  masquer  la  source,  Cette  manoeuvre 
n'a  point  suspendu  les  remises  et  les  operations,  que  Ton  fait 
aux  trois  cliefs-lieux.  Genes,  Bale  et  Geneve.  La  entr'autres,  il 
rachete  les  assignats  a  55  ou  56  de  perte,  pour  les  replacer  dans 
I'interieur  au  pair  a  10,  20,  30,  suivant  les  lieux  et  les  circon- 
stances. 

Ses  plans  de  corruption  exterieure  continuent  a  regarder  essen- 
tiellement  I'Angleterre  et  I'ltalie.  Voila  les  deux  points  fortement 
travailles.  Le  Piemont  Test  a  outrance  ;  I'esprit  du  peuple  s'y  gate 
visiblement,  et  a  la  maniere  dont  les  chores  y  sont  dirigees,  on  pent 
croire  que  1' argent  de  Paris  n'y  a  pas  ete  seme  en  vain. 

Quant  a  I'Angleterre  ils  esperent  toujours  y  exciter  quelque 
ebraiilement  et  y  former  un  embryon  revolutionnaire  que  I'on  soutien- 
drait  ensuite  a  main  armee.  I^es  troupes  ci-dev'  employees  contre 
la  Vendee  doivent  renforcer  celles  des  cotes  de  la  Manche.  Mais 
pour  I'instant  le  grand  efibrt  va  se  porter  sur  la  Flandre ;  lattaque 
de  Valenciennes  et  une  irruption  dans  les  Pays-Bas  sont  a  I'ordre  du 
jour  :  si  Ton  penetre  dans  la  Belgique,  le  projet  est  de  la  chatier  en  la 
mettant  a  feu  et  a  sang.  On  compte  eni})loyer  100  mille  li.  et  les 
garnisons  a  cette  entreprise  :  vous  ne  tarderez  pas  a  etre  vigoureuse- 
ment  attaques,  et  Ton  ne  vous  laissera  surement  })as  le  temps  de  finir 
vos  longs  preparatifs,  ni  terminer  vos  quartiers  d'liiver.  La  secondo 
requisition  sei'a  encore  plusieurs  mois  hors  de  service,  car  on  est  hors 
d'etat  de  I'equiper,  de  Farmer  et  de  la  nourrir ;  mais  si  Ton  fait  la 
meuie  faute  que  I'annee  derniere,  si  Ton  so  mo(pie  de  cette  levee  et 
qu'on  lui  laissc  le  temps  do  s'ox'ganiser,  cette  nouvcllc  prpinirre  vous 
tombera  sur  les  bras  au  milieu  do  Tete. 


342  FEBRUARY,   1704. 

Le  nombre  de  malatles  dans  I'armee  est  prodigieux ;  la  mortalite 
y  est  terrible :  il  eu  est  mort  GOOO  dans  les  seuls  liopitaux  de 
Besancjon :  ime  fievi'e  epideniique  les  moissonne  et  est  meme  passee 
aux  habitans.  Elle  vient  aussi  de  se  declarer  a  Lyon,  ou  elle  peut 
devenir  pestilentielle  par  I'infection  des  cadavres  qu'on  laisse  presque 
sans  sepulture,  ou  qu'on  jette  dans  le  Rhone,  d'oii  ils  sont  portes  sur 
la  cote,  ou  ils  pourrissent.  Toutes  les  campagnes  des  environs  de 
Lyon  sont  infectees  de  cette  puanteur. 

Le  systenie  pillard  des  massacres  ne  discontinue  point  a  Paris. 
Tons  les  banquiers,  negocians  et  naarchands  y  passeront.  On  a 
formellement  exclu  de  I'admission  aux  Jacobins  tons  les  individus 
de  ces  classes  :  c'est  assez  vous  dire  qu'elles  sont  destinees  a  la 
bouclierie.  H  y  a  des  de^jartemens  ou  les  ^  des  proprietes  sont  aux 
mains  de  la  Convention. 

Robesjiierre,  toujours  meneur  en  chef,  commence  a  sentir  le 
poids  de  sa  dignite,  le  danger  de  sou  elevation,  et  des  embarras  de 
toute  espece.  II  voudrait  arreter  Taction  du  gouvernement  revolu- 
tionnaire,  et  ne  sait  comment  s'y  prendre.  II  emploie  Camille  Des- 
moulins  a  lui  ramener  I'opinion  populaire,  qu'on  lui  enleve,  jour  par 
joLir  :  il  est  observe  par  ses  coadjuteurs,  qui  epient  le  moment  de  le 
culbuter  et  qui  font  son  tourment.  Quoique  son  credit  actuel  soit 
encore  tres  superieur  au  leur,  il  n'ose  les  attaquer  de  front.  II  a 
perdu  sa  cause  dans  I'affaire  de  Konsin,  Vincent,  et  Maillard,  qui 
sont  elargis,  et  qui  vont  travailler  avec  ses  ennemis  a  lui  debaucher 
I'armee  revolutionnaire  qui  formait  son  corjis  de  Janissaires.  Si  les 
allies  faisaient  autrement  la  guerre,  et  qu'iJs  poussassent  de  grands 
et  rapides  succes  en  debutant,  le  comite  de  salut  public  volerait  en 
pieces  :  Robespierre  et  Danton  seraient  egorges. 

II  a  peri  350  mille  ames  dans  la  guei're  de  la  Vendee,  y  compris 
les  vieillards,  femmes  et  enfans.  Les  cinq  departemens  qui  en  ont  ete 
le  theatre  sont  en  cendres. 

Par  les  derniers  renseignemens  que  j'ai  eus,  je  vols  que  la  disette 
de  plusieurs  articles  essentiels  est  au  plus  haut  degre.  Les  bestiaux 
manquent  generalement,  il  est  defendu  au  peuple  de  manger  du  boeuf 
et  de  la  vache ;  cette  viande  etant  reservee  aux  troupes.  Dans 
beaucoup  de  departemens  il  ne  reste  pas  un  mouton.  Cela  est  vrai, 
meme  du  Dauphine  et  de  la  Provence,  qui  en  abondaient :  la  loi  du 
maximum  a  acheve  cette  depopulation,  en  mettant  la  viande  a  la 
portee  de  toutes  les  classes  du  peu2:)le.  La  disette  des  bestiaux  a 
entraine  celle  des  cuii's,  celle  des  moutons,  la  rarete  des  laines.      On 


STRENGTH    OF   THE   ARMY.  343 

ne  trouve  jn-esque  plus  de  marchandises  dans  les  villes,  bourgs,  et 
villages  de  la  in'ovince.  An  pied  de  la  lettre,  il  est  iuipossible  en 
Franche-Comte  et  en  Bourgogne,  par  exemple,  d'aclieter  una 
culotte. 

La  conversion  des  rentes  viageres  en  annuites  a  un  prix  tres 
onereux  pour  les  rentiers  est  arretee  et  passera  au  premier  jour  a  la 
Convention. 

Le  blocus  du  port  de  Genes  continue  toujours  a  ne  rien  bloquer ; 
tout  passe  a  Nice,  grains,  vivres,  marchandises,  poudres  &c.  Les 
grains  de  la  Lombai'die  par  I'impardonnable  negligence  du  Ministre 
de  I'Empereur  C®  de  Wilseek  ont  ete  exportes  par  les  Genois :  ils  ont 
enleve  aussi  une  bonne  partie  de  ceux  de  la  Toscane,  et  des  etats  du 
Pape ;  en  sorte  que  les  grains  ont  reuclieri  partout,  et  surtout  en 
Piemont,  et  en  Lombardie. 

Les  troupes  qui  etaient  survenues  en  Savoie  sont  reparties  pour 
les  Pyrenees. 

On  poursuit  les  executions  a  Lyon,  40,  50,  80  par  semaine  :  140 
maisons  a  demolir  par  mois.  Menies  scenes  a  Marseille  et  a 
Bordeaux. 

In  L^i  Eleiu's  N°  24. 


Premiere  suite  the  resume. 


15  f£v.,  1794. 

Force  des  armces.  Les  militaires  et  les  ministres  se  sont 
obstincs  jusqu'a  ce  jour  de  rire  du  nombre  denue  d'exercice  et  de 
discipline ;  mais  I'experience,  plus  savante  que  Fart,  vieut  de  nous 
apprendre  a  ne  plus  mepriser  le  nombre,  quand  il  est  anime  par  les 
l)assions  et  quand  il  est  dirige  par  des  liommes  a  qui  leur  peril 
personnel  a  fait  un  besoin  de  tout  prevoir  comme  une  loi  de  tout 
oser. 

Je  ne  puis  fournir  aucun  etat  rigoureusement  exact  des  difFerentes 
armees  de  la  Convention,  ni  de  la  distribution  arithmetique  des 
forces  qui  sont  en  ce  moment  sous  les  drapeaux.  Quant  au  nombre 
total  d'liommes  disponibles  pour  le  service  militaire  deja  employes 
ou  a  employer  en  vertu  des  deux  derniercs  requisitions  generales  qui 
embrassent  tons  les  individus  de  18  a  45  ans,  je  me  suis  procure  des 
releves,  dont  Texactitudc  approximative  nie  parait  dcmontree  par  le 


344. 


FEBRUARY,    1794. 


calcul  de  verification,  que  je  joins  a  cet  envoi  :  cat  accoixl  des  notions 
positives,  et  des  evaluations  resultant  de  la  table  de  la  vie  humaiue, 
est  un  puissant  indice  de  verite. 

On  pent  regarder  sans  crainte  de  commettre  une  erreur  impor- 
tante,  le  maximum  des  forces  actuelles  en  exercice  comme  etant 
d'environ  400  a  450  mille  hommes,  et  I'excedant  que  fourniront  au 
printemps  les  levees  d'individus  de  18  a  45  ans,  comrae  borne  auplus 
liaut  a  250,000  li.  Voila  a  quoi  se  reduisent  le  gigantesque  appareil 
de  cette  nation  de  soldats  et  ces  fameuses  masses  dont  rimaginalion 
grossit  le  nombre  indefiniment. 

Ce  total  de  6  a  700  mille  liommes  sera  diminue  avant  I'ouverture 
de  la  campagne  de  toutes  les  pertes  que  les  blessures  et  les  maladies 
ont  preparees  a  la  fin  de  I'autonme.  Cette  mortalite  est  prodigieuse 
depuis  un  mois  dans  les  hupitaux,  oii  il  s'est  manifeste,  entr'autres  a 
Strasbourg  et  a  Besanc^on,  une  epidemie  d"un  caractere  pestilentiel ; 
la  rarete  des  drogues  medicinales  dont  la  France  commence  a 
manquer,  fait  empirer  journellement  le  service. 

Mais  d' autre  part,  il  faut  observer  que  les  provinces  frontieres  ou 
sejournent  les  armees  sont  obligees,  au  besoin,  de  leur  fournir  sub- 
sidiairement  toute  la  population  male,  capable  de  porter  les  armes 
et  de  seconder  ces  irruptions  iuipetueuses,  en  grandes  masses, 
dans  lesquelles  le  comite  a  place  une  confiance  justifiee  par  lo 
succes. 

II  est  d'ailleurs  indubitable  que  si  les  circonstances  I'exigent,  uu 
decret  et  la  guillotine  feront  marcher  les  habitans  maries,  comme  les 
celibataires  et  les  adolescens  de  15  a  18  ans,  ainsi  que  les  personnes 
de  45  a  60.  Et  qu'on  ne  s'y  trompe  pas ;  le  pere  partira  de  meme 
qu'il  a  laisse  partir  son  fils,  et  I'epouse  n'osei-a  pas  plus  retenir  son 
mari  qu'elle  n'a  ose  retenir  ses  enlans. 

Malgre  la  ferocite  de  la  tyrannic,  cette  mesure  cependant 
ecliouera  en  grande  partie,  dans  les  provinces  eloignees  du  theatre  de 
la  guerre  ;  Ton  ne  trouvera  dans  ce  ramassis,  ni  le  desir,  ni  I'apti- 
tude  a  sucer  le  fanatisme  rnilitaire,  Ton  manquera  de  temps  et  de 
facilites  pour  I'exercer  aux  armes;  et,  inutile  pour  la  defensive, 
impossible  a  maintenir  en  permanence  dans  les  camps,  on  ne  s'eu 
servira  qu'a  I'un  de  ces  efforts  du  nombre  qui  va  continuer  a  faire 
la  tactique  du  comite. 

La  repartition  des  armees  a  la  fin  de  I'automne,  soit  des 
400,000  h.,  que  je  considere  comrae  leur  dernier  nombre  eficctif" 
etait  a  peu  pres  conformc  aux  apercus  suivans : 


MILITARV    STRENGTH.  8-i5 

Armee  d'Alsace  ......  45,000 

Armee  tie  la  Moselle  .....  25,000 

Corps  de  la  Haute  Alsace  .....  10,000 

Armee  des  Alpes,  et  de  Lyon      ....  12,000 

Armee  assiegante  de  Toulon        ....  40,000 

Armee  de  Nice 18,000 

Armee  de  la   Yendee,   du  Poitou   aux  cotes  de) 

Bx-etague  et  de  Normandie 

Armee  du  Ronsillon  et  de  Bayonne    .  .  .  45,000 

Armee  des  Ardennes  et  du  Nord         .  .  .  55,000 

Garnisons 80,000 


70,000 


Total  400,000 

Ce  denombrement  correspond  tres  egalement  a  ceux  qu'ont  representes 
souvent  les  relations  des  allies.  On  les  a  entendus  dire  par  exemple 
qu'en  Alsace,  ils  avaient  a  se  defendre  contre  cent  mille  hovimes.  II 
n'en  est  pas  moins  certain,  que  I'armee  francaise  du  Rbin,  n'atteignait 
pas  a  la  moitie  de  cette  force.  Celle-ci,  il  est  vrai,  n'etait  que  trop 
suffisante  contre  18  a  20  mille  Autrichiens  mines  de  fatigues, 
d'epuiseraent,  manquant  de  tout,  et  reduits  par  leur  general  au  role 
de  Sto'iciens,  qui  40  jours  de  suite,  ont  du  attendre  et  recevoir  la 
mort  en  detail  sans  se  permettre  une  seule  attaque  contre  I'ennemi. 

La  meme  remarque  s'applique  a  Toulon;  eussent-ils  ete  d'accord, 
et  aussi  inti'epides  que  la  moitie  d'entr'eux  ont  ete  laches,  les  11,000 
hommes  qui  defendaient  la  place  ne  pouvaient  la  conserver,  contre 
40,000  assaillans,  se  precipitant  a  la  fois  sur  les  ouvrages. 

Aiusi  I'extreme  inferioi'ite  relative  des  arniecs  alliees  a  cause 
leurs  revers,  beaucoup  plus  que  les  enumerations  fabuleuses  des 
forces  de  leurs  ennemis  :  I'orgueil  fait  exagerer  ces  denombremens 
apres  les  defaites  comnie  la  presomption  les  afFaiblit,  lorsqu'il  faudrait 
se  mettre  en  mesure  de  leur  register. 

C'est  encore  un  desavantage  essentiel  que  la  distance  oil  les 
armees  alliees  se  trouvent  les  unes  des  autres ;  I'isolation  de  leurs 
parties,  le  peu  de  concert  qui  a  regne  dans  les  ojicrations,  taudis 
qu'au  premier  geste  da  comite  de  salut  public,  les  divisions  plus 
contigues  de  ses  forces  militaires  se  soutiennent,  se  reunissent,  se 
fortitient  avec  une  rapidite  que  leurs  ennemis  n'ont  su  dans  aucune 
occasion,  ni  prcvoir,  ui  prevenir,  ni  iniiter. — 

Les  gens  de  la  pi'emicre  requisition  de  18  a  25  ans  sont  tous 
rendus  aujourd'hui  a  leur  destination  provisoirr  ;    generalcment  on 


846 


FEBRUARY,    17!)4. 


les  a  laisses  sur  les  derrieres  des  armees,  dans  les  chefs -lieux  de 
districts,  ou  on  les  arme,  ou  on  les  exerce,  oil  Ton  enivre  leur  esprit, 
on  ayant  soin  de  leur  corps — dans  les  difFerens  lieiix  de  leurs  canton- 
nemens,  il  est  defendii  aux  habitans  de  consommer  du  bceuf  et  de  la 
vache  :  on  reserve  cette  nourriture  aux  bataillons  en  noviciat.  Vers 
la  fin  du  mois  dernier  [Janvier]  en  Alsace,  Lorraine,  Franche-Comte 
telle  etait  la  proportion  existante  dans  ces  miliciens  de  nouvelle  levee, 
que  10  homines  etaient  amies  de  fusils  et  10  de  piques  par  com- 
pagnie:  plus  de  la  moitie  manquait  encore  d'uniformes :  cette 
proportion  a  peu  pres  generale  dans  les  jjrovinces  voisines  des 
frontieres  est  plus  faible  en  indiviclus  armes  dans  celles  de  I'in- 
terieur. 

Le  plus  grand  nombre  a  niarche  par  contrainte,  beaucoup  ont 
deserte,  soit  a  I'etranger,  soit  pour  revenir  chez  eux :  le  chagrin  et  la 
fatigue  ont  occasionne  des  maladies,  et  c'est  grossir  la  verite,  loin  de 
la  reduire,  que  de  porter  a  100^000  h.  Vultiiaatam  effectif  de  cette 
j^rerniere  levee. 

La  seconde  de  18  a  45  fournix'a  plus  de  sujets.  Des  fermiers 
riches  ni'ont  informe  que  sur  dix  valets  ou  journaliers  a  leur  gages, 
la  premiere  requisition  de  18  a  25  ne  leur  en  avait  enleve  que  deux ; 
que  la  seconde  leur  en  enleverait  trois  de  plus,  et  que  le  reste  se 
composait  de  gens  maries  ou  au-dessus  de  45  ans. 

L'education  militaii'e  de  ces  malheureux  avait  ete  jusqu'au  mois 
de  Janvier  aussi  nulle  que  grotesque ;  ils  s'exergaient  avec  des 
batons ;  ayant  le  droit  de  choisir,  et  ayant  choisi  dans  leur  sein  des 
officiers  aussi  ignorans  qu'eux;  a  peine  savaient-ils  le  pas  de  marche, 
mais  depiiis  cette  ejioque,  des  bas  officiers  tires  des  armees  sont 
charges  de  dresser  celles  des  milices  qu'on  n'a  pas  encore  incorporees 
dans  les  cadres  des  anciens  regimens.  Quant  a  leur  education 
morale,  elle  est  confieo  a  des  clubistes  d'elite,  qui  les  catechisent,  et 
qui  leur  inspirent  I'exaltation  commune  aujourd'hui  a  une  grande 
partie  des  soldats. 

Afin  de  briser  I'esprit  de  fraternite,  prevenir  I'effiit  des  mecon- 
tentemens,  et  detruire  les  inclinations  locales,  on  a  divise  chaque 
bataillon  en  deux  moities,  pour  les  meler  a  d'autres  demi-bataillons 
qui  leur  fussent  etrangers  :  par  cet  arrangement,  et  en  exportant  ces 
corps  hors  du  territoire  de  leurs  foyers,  on  les  a  entierement 
depayses. 

Apres  vous  avoir  developpe  la  generalite  des  faits,  dont  j'ai  pu 
n)e  procurer  une  connaissance  exacte,  et  qui  peuvent  fonder  votre 


CONDITION    OF    PUBLIC    SPIRIT.  VA7 

jiigenieiit  toucluiut  Tetat  politique  de  la  France,  cjlui  de  ses  ressources, 
de  ses  finances,  de  soil  armee,  de  ses  forces  disponibles,  de  ses 
subsistances,  de  ses  manoeuvres  au  dehors,  il  me  reste  a  vous  presenter 
le  caractere  des  dispositions  puljliqiies  de  la  nation,  et  de  la  conduite, 
comme  des  desseins  generaux  du  comite  du  salut  public.  Cet  expose 
coiupletera  la  carte  morale  du  royaume. 

Quand  I'esprit  francais  serait  aussi  susceptible  qu'il  Test  peu 
de  perseverer  ]ongtem2>s  dans  les  memes  sentimens,  la  violence  des 
vicissitudes  de  la  revolution  I'eiit  forcement  modifie.  Aucun  objet 
d'observation  n'est  cependant  plus  difficile  a  constater  que  ce  change- 
ment  d'opinion ;  rien  ne  merite  autant  de  defiance  que  les  rapports 
journaliers  que  Ton  entend  chaque  jour  a  cet  egard ;  rien  de  si 
dangereux  que  les  hypotheses  tranchantes  et  les  plans  de  conduite 
construits  sur  la  fausse  base  de  ces  rapports. 

All  mois  de  novembre  dernier  I'esprit  public  en  France  ditferait 
deja  de  celui  qui  existait  durant  I'ete,  et  aujourd'hui  les  sentimens 
ne  sont  plus  les  memes  qu'ils  etaient  au  mois  de  novembre  :  les 
evenemens  ulterieurs  developperont  sans  doute  de  nouvelles  variations : 
ainsi  les  faiseurs  de  tableaux  et  de  descriptions  devraient  soigneiise- 
mentajouter  la  date  a  leurs  peintures,  et  surtout  se  garder  de  prendre 
des  nuances  pour  un  caractere  general  et  des  localites  passageres  pour 
line  situation  universelle  et  permanente. 

On  se  trompe  d'ailleurs  joiirnellement  sur  les  causes  qui  produi- 
sent  telle  on  telle  disposition  publique  ;  on  en  tire  des  inductions 
erronees  pour  les  f  uturs  contingens ;  on  edifie  sur  des  etres  de  raison 
la  probabilite  de  tels  on  tels  evenemens  prochains. 

Cette  reflexion  m'est  dictee  par  plusieurs  passages  des  discours 
que  vieunent  de  prouoncer  dans  les  deux  chambres  du  Parlement,  les 
])rincipaux  merabres  ministeriels,  qui  ont  vote  I'adresse  a  S.  M. 
lis  se  sont  tons  accordes  a  conclure  du  regime  eff'rene  de  la  Conven- 
tion qu'il  generalisait  le  mecontentement,  et  que  le  mccontentement 
amenerait  la  fin  de  la  tyrannie.  Cette  maniere  de  voir  annonce  line 
counaissance  superficielle  de  la  nature  et  des  motifs  du  mecontente- 
ment, ainsi  que  des  consequences  qui  pourraient  en  resulter. 

Chaque  jour  on  re2:)ete  que  la  grande  majorite  des  habitans  do  la 
France  est  asservie  par  la  minorite ;  en  cela  on  repete  une  verite 
incontestable,  dont  neanmoins  on  meconnait  les  limites,  et  dont  on 
discerne  mal  les  consequences.  La  tres  petite  minorite  gouvei'iie  en 
efiet  avec  un  sceptre  d'acier  trauchant ;  une  autre  minorite  marche 
volontairementala  suite  de  la  premiere,  dont  elle  partagc  les  passions, 


848 


FEBRUARY,    1794. 


et  execute  les  desseins  :  I'autorite,  I'attacliement  a  la  revolution  toute 
entiere,  un  vceu  commun  de  la  conserver,  de  la  defeiidre,  d'en  jouir  par 
toute  espece  de  crimes,  sont  I'apanage  de  ces  deux  classes  dominantes: 
reunies  par  des  interets,  et  par  des  perils  communs,  elles  tendent 
ail  meme  but  avec.  une  egale  energie,  quoiqu'il  existe  quelquefois 
entr'elles  des  dissidences  sur  la  distribution  des  roles  et  des  profits. 

La  majoi-ite,  au  contraire,  est  un  faisceau  epars,  subdivise  en 
plusieurs  branches  sans  analogie. 

Une  portion  de  cette  majorite  improuve  I'usage  que  Ton  fait 
maintenant  du  regime  anarcliique  et  revolutionnaire  sans  improuver 
le  regime  nieme.  Adoucissez  la  tetricite  des  mesures  ;  ressei-rez  le 
cercle  des  delations,  des  supplices,  des  confiscations,  des  recrues 
forcees  ;  diminuez  la  rarete  des  coniestiV)les  et  la  perte  des  assignats, 
cette  classe  nombreuse  redeviendra  presque  aussi  ardente  que  les  deux 
premiei'es  pour  le  service  de  la  revolution  et  pour  les  succes  de  la 
guerre.  Son  improbation  aetuelle,  fruit  de  la  crainte  et  du  malaise, 
ne  lui  inspire  ni  ne  lui  inspirera  jamais  une  pensee  de  revolte :  elle 
obeit  sans  murmure  et  se  console  des  souflTrances  qu'elle  ressent  par 
I'espoir  plus  ou  moins  stupide  d'un  avenir  prospeie,  aussitot  que  la 
guerre  sera  finie  et  la  revolution  consolidee. 

Dans  la  majorite  se  trouvent  encore  tous  ceux  qui  ont  difFere,  ou 
qui  different  encore  d'opinion  avec  la  minorite  regnante,  soit  dans  la 
formation  de  la  republique,  soit  dans  la  proscription  de  la  royaute. 
Les  Monarchistes,  les  Feuillans,  les  Federalistes,  et  beaucoup  de 
i-epublicains  chancelans,  que  le  malheur  a  corriges,  forment  cette 
classe  sous  le  couteau,  generalement  f rappee  d'anatheme,  et  qui  sent 
que  la  soumission  la  plus  humble  ne  suffit  plus  aujourd'hui  a 
garantir  sa  vie  et  sa  propriete. 

Ajoutez  a  ce  deuombrement,  les  hommes  etrangers  aux  systemes 
politiques,  qui  s'accommoderaient  de  la  republique,  du  gouvernement 
revolutionnaire  comme  de  la  monarchie,  pourvii  qu'on  les  laissat 
.paisibles,  et  qui  dans  leur  egoisme  recevraient  Robespierre  pour  roi, 
aussi  bien  que  Louis  XYII,  s'ils  pouvaient  boire,  manger,  dormir, 
speculer,  et  se  divertir  sans  inquietudes.  Designer  cette  classe,  c'est 
indiquer  suflBsammeiit,  qu'elle  n'est  pas  la  moins  nombreuse  de  la 
majorite  mecontente. 

II  faut  encore  placer  en  ligne  de  compte  la  section  intermediaire 
des  indifferens,  qui  n'ayant  ni  une  idee,  ni  une  voloute,  ti-ainent  une 
vie  animale  entre  les  assassins  et  les  voleurs,  et  sont  prets  constam- 
incnt  a  penser,  ct  a  fairc  tout  ce  que  le  plus  fort  cxige  d'eux.     Con- 


PUBLIC    FEELING    IN    FRANCE.  .'UO 

sideraut,  maintenaiit,  la  p:')pulatioii  politiciue  sons  d'autres  rapports 
nous  en  trouvoiis  uu  quart  de  chefs,  de  satellites,  ou  de  fauteurs 
prononces  de  la  tyrannie  actuelle.  Euviron  uii  autre  quart  mecon- 
tent  dans  un  sens  relatif,  mais  dispose  a  se  joiudre  aux.  premiers  des 
qu'il  y  verrait  un  avantage,  ou  qu'on  lui  raontrerait  plus  de  menage- 
ment.  Un  quart  de  la  seconde  moitie,  suit  le  torrent  de  la  necessite, 
sans  regarder  au  passe  ni  a  I'avenir,  et  borne  I'expression  de  son 
raecontentement  a  quelques  gemissemens  tacites.  Tout  le  reste,  c'est 
a  dire  plus  des  deux  cinquiemes  des  habitants,  abhorre  la  Conven- 
tion et  les  Jacobins,  le  regime  et  les  regisseurs  :  pour  cette  classe  la 
France  est  un  vaste  cachot,  oil  cliacun  au  nioindre  bruit  croit  voir 
arriver  son  bourreau,  oil  nul  ne  s'endort  sans  la  crainte  de  se  reveiller 
charge  de  fers,  oil  le  soupcon  de  la  richesse  est  un  delit  irremissible, 
ou  Ton  se  regarde  sans  oser  se  parler,  oil  Ton  se  parle  sans  se  confier, 
oil  le  voeu  general  et  continuel  est  de  s'enfuir,  et  oii  Ton  ne  prolonge 
son  afFreiise  existence  que  par  des  demonstrations  hypocrites  et 
inefficaces  du  civisme  le  plus  emporte, 

Ces  deux  cinquiemes  que  I'on  pent  meiue  sans  hyperbole  pousser 
a  la  grande  moitie  des  habitans,  ne  connaissent  que  deux  sentimens  : 
celui  de  I'effroi  et  le  voeu  le  plus  ardent  pour  etre  delivres  de  leurs 
oppresseurs. 

Ce  nombre,  ou  la  majorite  en  general  comprend  les  six  huitiemes 
dos  grands,  des  mediocres,  et  des  petits  proprietaires.  Parmi  ces 
derniers  il  en  est  encore  beaucoup  qui  tiennent  a  la  revolution  actuelle 
par  les  envahissemens  qu'on  leur  permet  a  tres  bas  prix  sur  les 
domaines  du  clerge  et  des  emigres.  Cette  majorite  renferme  encore 
la  grande  pluralite  des  marchands,  des  fabricans,  des  chefs  d'etabliisse- 
mens  d'industric,  des  negocians,  des  gens  d'affaires,  des  gens  de  robe, 
des  artisans  jadis  aises,  des  fermiers,  et  des  gens  vivant  de  leur  travail, 
qui  ont  conserve  quelque  principe  de  religion,  et  de  probite,  ou  qui 
sont  depourvus  de  I'activite  et  de  I'effervescence  necessaires  pour 
sortir  du  neant,  et  sentir  les  avantages  de  la  condition  de  sans- 
culottes. 

En  repartissant  cette  majorite  tacitemeut  rebelle  sur  les  villes,  et 
sur  les  campagnes,  on  trouvera  trois  bourgeois  contre  un  dans  les 
villes,  et  un  habitant  contre  deux  dans  les  campagnes.  On  ne  fait 
pas  compte  ici  des  differences  locales;  cette  proportion  varie  suivant 
les  departemens,  mais  elle  est  exacte  en  resultat  total. 

Sous  un  autre  point  de  vue,  et  en  generalisant  encore  davantage, 
il  est  de  fait  que  I'attachement  a  la  revolution  pris  dans  le  sens  alisoln, 


8r,o 


FEBRUARY,    1704. 


et  a  la  republique  meme  ii'existe  plus  que  cliez  cette  population  vague, 
butarde  et  scelerate  de  miserables  qui  n'avaient,  il  y  a  quatre  ans,  ni 
etat,  ni  existence;  dont  I'oisivete,  la  licence,  et  I'irapunite  ont  grossi 
le  nombre,  qui  promenent  leurs  afFreux  talens  sur  les  divers  theatres 
de  I'atiarchie,  la  servent  a  pi-ix  d'ai-gent,  ou  aspii-ent  a  etrc  delivi-es 
de  la  necessite  du  ti'avail  en  participant  aux  fruits  des  brigandages 
publics. 

Cette  foule  toujoui's  croissante  d'opprimes  et  de  mecontens  est 
beaucoujD  moins  divisee  dans  ses  sentimens  politiques  qu'elle  ne  I'etait 
il  y  a  six  mois ;  les  opinions,  plus  ou  moins  revolutionnaires  se  sont 
successivement  attenuees ;  en  sorte  que  les  constitutionnels  ont 
generalement  abandonne  la  constitution  de  1791;  les  federalistes  et 
les  Brissotins,  la  republique;  et  beaucoup  de  republicains,  le  Jacobi- 
nisme  et  le  regime  du  jour.  11  serait  done  infiniment  plus  aise  de 
trouver  aujourd'hui  un  point  de  contact  entre  les  anciens  partis  et 
de  rallier  unanimement  a  des  principes  communs,  ou  du  moins  de 
prevenir  toute  resistance  de  la  part  de  quelqu'un  d'entr'eux. 

Les  royalistes  restes  dans  Tinterieur  sont  beaucoup  plus  raison- 
nables  que  les  emigres  :  la  persecution  et  I'infortune  dont  ils  sup- 
portent  tout  le  poids,  les  ont  rendus  accessibles  aux  idees  de  conciliation 
avec  leurs  anciens  ennemis,  qu'ils  voient  maintenant  punis  et  en 
partie  corriges. 

On  pent  definir  la  pi'ogression  des  idees  et  le  voeu  de  la  majoi'ite 
en  disant  qu'avant  tout  et  par  dessus  tout  elle  desire  voir  renverser 
la  domination  actuelle,  qu'elle  demande  ensuite  la  monarchie,  qu'en- 
fin  elle  voudrait  en  derniere  analyse  la  monarchie  plus  ou  moins 
limitee. 

Mais  Ton  s'abuserait  de  supposer  a  ces  dispositions  assez  d'energie 
pour  faire  entreprendre  aucune  demarche  de  salut.  Non:  cette 
masse  si  nombreuse  est  abattue  par  I'effroi,  par  ses  defaites,  par  le 
plus  profond  decouragement :  loin  d'etre  en  etat  de  rien  oser,  elle  n'a 
pas  meme  la  pensee  d'une  resistance  possible ;  sa  douleur  est  inerte 
et  passive;  elle  apprehende  de  montrer  ses  soufFrances;  elle  ressemble 
aux  negres  qui  s'etranglent  avec  leurs  langues  plutot  que  de  se 
plaindre ;  et  la  plupart  cherchent  leur  siirete  dans  la  dissimulation, 
ou  affectent  le  civisme  le  plus  outre. 

II  ne  faut  done  attendre  auciin  mouvement  spontane  de  la 
mfijorite  tyrannisee.  Je  vais  plus  loin  en  vous  certifiant  que  tout 
ardent  et  universel  qu'est  parmi  ses  membres  le  voeu  d'un  changement, 
la  moiiidre  partie  d'entr'eux   ne  s'arrete  pas  la   et    porte  des    vues 


CHANCES    OF    A    llESTORATIOX.  :^51 

moins  etroites  siir  I'etablissemcnt  de  la  nionarcliie,  ct  sur  la  maniere 
de  la  composer.  Je  m'explique.  Cette  pluralite  n'est  pas  contraire 
a  ces  deux  fins,  elle  les  desire,  mais  vaguement  comme  Ton  desire 
une  chose  dont  on  desespere,  et  dont  la  possession  trop  difficile  no 
vaut  ni  un  effort  ni  un  sacrifice. 

Tel  est  le  therraometre  d'un  grand  nonibie  d'esprits.  L'idee  et 
I'image,  I'habitude  de  la  royaute  s'efFacent  en  raison  de  I'intervalle 
qui  s'ecoule  depuis  la  destruction  du  trone  et  en  I'aison  de  la  eonsistance 
que  prend  la  republique.  On  s'accoutunie  a  regarder  le  retour  du  roi 
comme  un  chateau  en  Espagne,  et  de  ce  sentiment  a  une  tendance 
naturelle  vers  le  premier  ordre  de  choses  qui  promettra  paix,  et  surete, 
ou  seulement  treve,  la  distance  n'est  rien.  Aussi  le  vceu  non  moins 
general  de  cette  classe  considerable  de  mecontens,  se  trouvetil 
vers  la  fin  de  la  guerre,  en  laquelle  I'ete  dernier  ils  pla^aient  toutes 
leurs  esi^erances,  parce  qu'ils  considerent  la  gueri-e  comme  la  cause 
efficiente  de  la  puissance  de  leurs  tyrans,  des  persecutions,  des  pillages, 
des  proscriptions  dans  I'interieur. 

Si  la  lassitude  et  les  enormites  de  la  revolution  out  detache  une 
masse  tres  nombreuse  d'adherens,  beaucoujD  s'unissent  a  leurs  ennemis 
dans  la  crainte  de  retomber  sans  conditions  sous  le  joug  des  emigres 
et  tons,  dans  la  defiance  et  I'aversion  pour  la  force  etrangere.  Le.s 
Jacobins  abhorrent  celle-ci  comme  dangereuse  a  leur  siirete ;  les 
mecontens  la  haissent  comme  dangereuse  a  la  monarchic  et  comme 
impuissante  ou  mal  disposee  a  les  secourir. 

L'eloignement  pour  les  emigres  diminue  chaque  jour,  il  s'eteindrait 
tout  a  fait,  il  ferait  place  aux  sentimens  opposes,  si  les  princes 
paraissaient  amies  de  quelques  moyens  secourables  et  si  leur  etendard 
cessait  une  fois  de  conserver  la  couleur  chevaleresque,  exclusive 
et  tyranni(|ue  qu'on  a  I'aveuglement  de  ne  pas  abandonner. 

Mais  la  prevention  centre  les  etrangers  a  des  raciues  profondes  et 
nationales.  Non  seulement  la  guerre  exterieure  sert  de  point  de 
ralliement  aux  diverses  factions  jacobines,  qui  s'entredechireraient ; 
elle  alimente  de  plus  I'inertie  des  mecontens,  elle  les  livre  pieds  et 
poings  lies  a  la  Convention.  Elle  les  force  a  se  battre  pour  leurs 
bourreaux,  parce  qu'elle  n'a  offert  jusqu'ici  aucune  perspective  de  con- 
solation ou  de  succSs  et  qu'elle  s'est  toujours  presentee  sous  I'image 
d'une  guerre  faite  k  la  France  meme,  par  des  rivaux,  par  des  ennemis 
de  la  France,  d'une  guerre  ou  ou  ne  veut  rien  obtenir  que  par  la 
force  armee,  dontle  veritable  but  est  un  mystere  qui  ecraso  la  monai- 
chie  sans  offrir  aucun  secours  a  la  majorito  souffrante  et  dont  les  re- 


So  2  FEBRUARY,    1794. 

vers  perpetuels  ont  geuei'alise  ropiiiion,  que  le  ijire  danger  pour  los 
iHecontens  etait  de  compter  sur  elle. 

Voila  I'exacte  verite;  quiconque,  iny  Lord,  vous  tiendra  un  autre 
langage  cherche  a  vous  tromper.  Vous  ne  terminerez  pas  heureuse- 
inent  la  guerre  sans  centre- re  volution ;  si  vous  ne  changez  le  carac- 
tere,  les  moyens,  et  le  but  de  la  guerre.  Voulez-vous  reunir  toute  la 
France  centre  vous  sans  distinction  de  parti  1  il  suffira  de  poursui- 
vre  le  plan  de  conduite  observe  jusqu'a  present.  Voulez-vous  rendre 
absolument  inutile  le  cencours  de  cette  immensite  de  mecontens, 
perdu  dans  une  ocean  de  conjectures  sinistres  sur  ves  desseins  et 
eteuffer  le  principe  de  reaction  qui  meuacerait  les  Jacobins  1  centinuez 
a  laisser  croire  que  pen  vous  imperte  le  salut  de  la  France  et  que  vous 
etes  la  pour  I'asservir  et  non  pour  la  sauver. 

Persuadez-vous  que  cette  defiance  tres  augmentee  des  projets  des 
allies  contrebalance  Teffet  et  le  nembre  des  liaines  interieures  conjurees 
pour  I'aneantissement  de  la  revolution,  persuadez-vous  que,  soldat 
de  gre  ou  de  force,  cliaque  Frangais  vous  combattra  opiniatrement, 
et  qu'en  vous  bornant  a  essayer  sur  les  frentieres  une  centre-revolu- 
tion indecise,  des  tatonnements  militaires,  vous  succomberez  en  1794 
comme  en  1793. 

On  vous  a  crus  lengtemps  tres  redoutables  et  vous  I'etiez ;  mais 
les  allies  n'ayant  su  ni  profiter  des  circonstances,  ni  poursuivre  un  seul 
avantage,  a  I'epinion  de  votre  inferiorite  s'est  unie  en  France  celle  de 
votre  inbabilete.  Depuis  que  les  Jacobins  n'ont  plus  craint  de  se  me- 
surer  avec  vous  et  a  entrance,  les  mecontens  ont  perdu  tout  espoir, 
toute  cenliance  dans  vos  armes.  lis  savent,  ils  disent,  ils  repetent 
partout  que  les  Piemontais  et  la  prise  de  Toulon  ont  fait  sacrifier 
Lyon,  que  la  discorde  des  allies,  la  faiblesse  de  leurs  moyens  et  le 
desir  d'aneantir  la  marine  fran9aise  ont  fait  sacrifier  Toulon;  qu'on  a 
prepare  quelques  demonstrations  de  secours  pour  la  Vendee  au  moment 
oil  elle  etait  exterminee,  et  qu'en  un  met,  les  puissances  seraient  bien 
facliees  qu'il  s'elevat  dans  I'interieur  une  reunion  capable  de  sauver  la 
France  qu'elles  n'aspirent  qu'a  envaliir. 

Voila  I'opinion  jjopulaire,  generale :  or,  tout  opprime  qui  en  est 
imbu  preferera  jouer  le  Jacobinisme  et  aller  se  battre  aux  frontieres 
pour  sa  surete  plutdt  que  de  ceuiir  le  risque  de  former  \m  voeu 
dangereux  pour  vos  succes  qui  lui  serait  inutile  ou  de  passer  les 
frontieres  pour  eti'e  chasse  de  lieu  en  lieu  comme  un  pestifere  et 
mourir  de  faim  au  coin  d'une  route. 

Dans  la  prochaine  suite  de  ce  travail,  je  vous  exposerai,  my  Lord, 


ST  JUST.  353 

les  moyens  qui  me  paraisseut  seuls  capables  de  detiuirc  ccs  dispositions 
et  de  les  faire  servir  au  but  commun. 
Endorsed 
In  Lord  Elgin's  No.   24. 


A  Milord  Elgin, 
Bruxelles. 

hiformations  additionnelles. 

Le  15  mars,  1794. 

La  mobilite  des  variations  qu'e})rouvent  les  differentes  parties  du 
tableau  de  la  France,  necessite  de  six  seniaines  en  six  semaines  des 
correctifs  ou  des  additions.  Vous  ne  devez  pas  done  trouver  contra- 
dictoires  des  rapports  faits  a  divers  intervalles:  c'est  la  scene  qui 
change,  et  non  la  tete  de  I'observateur.  D'ailleurs,  I'instruction  s-e 
rectifie,  s'etend,  se  fixe,  avec  plus  de  precision,  a  mesure  que  les 
informations  s'augmentent  et  se  perfectionnent. 

Complement  du  comite  de  scdut  jmblic.  Les  bases  generales  que 
je  vous  ai  developpees  sont  immuables,  mais  plusieurs  details  ont 
varie,  ou  me  sont  mieux  connus.  Je  vais  les  reunir  dans  un  bref 
supplement. 

Le  douzieme  membre  du  comite  de  salut  public  dont  j'avais  laisse 
le  nom  en  blanc  est  St  Just.  Relegue  longtemps  dans  une  espece  d'ob- 
scurite,  il  en  est  sorti  par  des  declamations  furievises,  oil  Ton  decouvre 
de  I'esprit,  de  la  facilite,  un  emploi  quelquefois  heureux  du  neologisme 
du  jour.  Ses  principes  paraissent  aussi  emportes  que  ses  discours. 
Quant  a  ses  moeurs,  il  en  a  fait  I'essai  au  mois  de  9"  a  Strasbourg,  oil 
le  comite  I'envoya  exercer  en  son  nom  le  proconsulat.  Les  prisons  et 
les  ecbafauds  ne  suffisaient  pas  a  ses  poursuites :  il  accabla  de  taxes 
exorbitantes  ceux  qu'il  ne  fit  pas  egorger,  et  couvrit  cette  ville  de 
sang  et  de  deuil.  Les  Jacobins  y  avaient  perdu  leur  predominance ; 
un  parti  puissant  appelait  haiitement  les  Autricbiens.  La  grando 
majorite  des  habitans,  de  I'etat-major,  de  la  municijmlite  et  du 
district,  s'etaient  prononces  centre  les  Maratistes.  St  Just  remit  les 
choses  en  ordre  et  sortit  triompLant  de  Strasbourg,  sur  les  cadavrcs 
de  plus  de  2000  guillotines.  Futon  afiectc  de  son  eloquence]  On  le 
supposerait  plutut  bel  esprit  revolutionnaire  que  factieux  ardent:  on 
pourrait  douter  de  la  sincerite  de  son  zele,  et  en  trouver  la  cause,  en 
derniere  analyse,  dans  la  necessite  d'echapper  au  supplice.  Ce  soupc^on 
est  fortifie  par  rinclinatioii  (jue  moiitre  St  Just  a  enibrasscr  la  cause 
la  plus  efi"rdnee,  si  celle  de  ilubcrspierrc  vieut  a  decliner. 

G.  C.  23 


854  MARCH,  1704. 

Beligion.  II  est  surprenant  qu'on  a  luis  en  cloute  dans  la  cliambre 
haute  de  votre  pavlement  I'adoption  pnblique  et  legale  de  I'atheisme, 
comme  seule  religion  de  la  France.  L'liypocrisie  de  quelques  entor- 
tillages  de  Robespierre,  au  moment  ou  Ton  decreta  le  culte  de  la 
7'aison,  n'a  pas  empeclie  que  ce  culte  ne  soit  devenu  exclusif  et  national. 
Aucune  eglise  n'est  ouverte  a  la  religion  cliretienne;  tons  les  clocLers 
sont  abattus ;  tous  les  ustensiles  du  service  divin,  voles ;  les  autels, 
demolis,  et  les  pretres  qui  refusent  de  rendre  leurs  lettres  de  pretrise 
et  d'abjurer  le  sacerdoce,  incarceres.  Voila  la  regie  generale;  la 
celebration  plus  ou  moins  secrete  du  culte  religieux  dans  quelques 
villages  en  fait  I'exception, 

La  Convention  et  la  municipalite  de  Paris  ont  remplace  la  religion 
par  les  spectacles  :  40  tlieatres  sont  ouverts  dans  la  capitale  et 
journellement  peuples  d'ouvriers  et  de  canaille  des  deux  sexes.  On 
y  joue  des  pieces  civiques  et  liistoriques  sur  les  evenemens  de  la 
guerre,  ou  de  la  revolution;  la  population  s'y  infecte  d'un  fanatisme 
atroce;  I'autorite  en  a  fait  un  de  ses  ressorts,  et  a  positivement  trans- 
forme  I'art  dramatique,  ramene  a  son  eufance,  en  sacerdoce  public. 

Force  des  armees.  Depuis  les  premiers  resultats  que  je  vous  ai  pre- 
sentes,  on  ma  communique  I'etat  des  bataillons  de  la  premiere  levee, 
dans  chacun  des  549  districts.  Ce  releve,  dont  je  n'ai  pu  obtenir 
copie,  offre  une  diiference  considerable  avec  le  denombrement  approxi- 
matif,  annexe  a  la  premiere  suite  du  resume.  Lorsque  les  districts 
ont  fourni  trois  bataillons  de  800  a  1100  hommes,  plusieurs  en  out 
donne  deux ;  la  pluralite,  un,  complet  ou  incomplet.  64  districts 
restent  ^jowr  memoire  et  n'ont  pu  lever  une  compagnie,  (ceux  de  la 
Yendee,  des  Deux-Sevres,  de  la  Mayenne,  de  Maine  et  Loire,  du 
Morbihan,  quelques-uns  du  Yar,  des  Pyrenees  orientales,  du  Nord  et 
du  Bas-Pthin  fonuent  ce  nombre  negatif). 

Des  485  restans,  166  n'avaient  encore  fourni  que  des  compagnies, 
et  non  un  bataillon  a  la  date  du  15  fevrier. 

319  ont  leve,  et  fait  partir,  au  dela  de  286,000  hommes,  qui 
joints  aux  troupes  de  ligne  et  aux  anciens  volontaires  foi'meront  une 
armee  totale  pour  1794  de  pres  700,000  hommes. 

Les  desertions,  qui  ont  ete  tres  nombreuses  dans  la  premiere  levee, 
compensent  a  peu  pres  la  force  additiomielle  des  compagnies  auxquelles 
se  reduit  le  contingent  de  166  districts.  Ainsi  la  somme  de  700,000 
soldats  de  toute  classe  constitue  I'etat  tres  ]U"obabIe  de  I'armee  natio- 
nale  aujourd'hui  en  exercice. 

Dans  mnn  premier  denombi-enient  elle  etait  reduite  a  650  mille 


THE   ARMY.  355 

en  y  coinprenant  ks  duux  requisitions.  Voici  la  source  de  cette 
difference. 

La  famine,  qui  en  1707  procura  150  mille  hommes  a  Louis  qua- 
torze,  et  la  terreur,  non  moins  energique  que  la  famine,  ont  precipite 
dans  la  premiere  levee  de  18  a  25  ans,  une  fonle  de  sujets  au-dessous 
de  18  ans  et  au-dessus  de  25. 

Elle  n'embrassait  que  les  celibataires  :  beauconp  de  gens  maries, 
ont  marche  par  le  meme  motif,  j^ovr  suhsister. 

La  seconde  requisition  de  25  a  45  ans  ne  tardera  pas  d'etre  exigee, 
le  comite  s'en  occupe  depuis  quelques  semaines.  Outre  les  celibataires, 
le  decret  qui  I'ordonnei'a,  doit  embrasser  les  gens  maries  sans  evfans,  et 
les  gens  maries  sans  enfans,  dont  neanmoins  les  femmes  sont  enceintes. 
Cette  disposition  tend  a  obvier  a  I'abus  d'une  quantite  de  mariages 
qui  ont  en  lieu,  et  surtout  a  Pai'is,  pour  echapper  au  devoir  de 
marcher. 

On  remarqua  que  les  premiers  volontaires  nationaux  de  1792 
contracterent  de  jour  en  jour  un  esprit  analogue  a  celui  des  troupes 
de  ligue.  Quelques  rovers  un  peu  decisifs  amortiraient  leur  exaltation 
de  gloire,  et  feraient  eclater  la  lassitude,  le  degout,  le  mecontentement, 
le  desir  d'un  cbangement.  Mais  les  derniers  venus  aux  armees 
sont  en  general  execrables,  comme  moins  rassasies  de  la  vie  licencieuse 
et  pillarde,  et  comme  faisant  journellement  la  comparaison  de  I'abon- 
dance  oil  ils  se  trouvent,  avec  la  raisere  de  leurs  habitations  domes- 
tiques,  oil  ils  crevaient  de  faim  sous  des  haillons. 

La  fabrication  des  armes  a  pris  une  grand e  activite  :  outre  les 
anciennes  manufactures  on  en  a  monte  plusieurs  nouvelles.  Paris  est 
un  vaste  atelier.  Au  commencement  de  fevrier  on  y  fabriquait  700 
fusils  par  jour,  100  sautent  ou  se  dcteriorent  a  I'epreuve.  On  espere 
pousser  la  fabrication  journaliere  a  mille  fusils  parce  que  les  ouvriers 
se  perfectionnent. 

La  fonte  des  canons  va  egalement  grand  train  ;  environ  100  sor- 
tent  des  fourneaux  de  la  capitale  tous  les  doaze  jours  ; '  il  y  en  avait 
3,000  a  Tarsenal  le  IG  fevrier. 

L'extraction  du  salpetre  a  occupe  a  Paris  un  monde  infini.  On  ne 
voyait  que  chaudieres  et  lessives  de  tcrre  dans  les  sections,  mais  ce 
grand  travail  a  etc  tres  sterile,  et  ne  pent  se  soutenir,  car  le  comite 
ne  paye  que  24  sols  la  livre  d'un  salpetre  qui  rcviont  a  12  francs  de 
fabrication,  et  qu'il  faut  ensuite  raffincr. 

Subsisiances.  Leur  disette  se  manifeste  journellement ;  diverses 
consommations,  jadis  de  premiere  necessite,  sont  epuisees  ;  d  autres 

23—2 


356  MARCH,  1794. 

deviennent  rares  de  plus  en  plus,  la  soui'ce  de  la  reproduction  est  tarie 
dans  plusieurs  provinces.  Quant  au  pain,  toujours  suffisant  aux 
besoins  de  la  capitale,  on  ne  s'en  procure  pas,  saus  peine,  dans  la 
grande  pluralite  des  departemens.  Les  liabitans  ont  ete  mis  a  la 
ration  journaliere,  e'est  a  dire  a  demi-livre,  ou  trois  quarts  de  livre 
de  pain  par  individu. 

A  Lyon,  daus  les  ])rovinces  environnantes,  dans  la  plupart  des 
villes  du  second  ou  du  troisieme  ordre,  on  manque  mdme  souvent 
de  pain,  des  semaines  entieres.  Une  infinite  de  families  ne  s'en 
procurent  qu'en  I'aclietant  des  soldats  de  I'armee  revolution naii-e, 
auxquels  on  en  donne  deux  livres  par  jour,  et  qui  en  revendent  la 
moitie. 

Le  peuple  dans  les  villes  et  les  campagnes  vit  de  choux,  de  feves, 
de  pommes  de  terre,  de  racines  ;  mais  ces  denrees  dirainuent  rapide- 
ment.  Peu  d'auberges  sur  les  routes  oil  Ton  ne  trouve  d'autre  nourri- 
ture  qu'un  pain  noir  et  desseche  (de  veritable  biscuit)  et  que  des  legu- 
mes en  petite  quantite. 

La  viande  a  pi'esque  generalement  disparu :  on  ne  voit  plus  que 
quelques  moutons  epars  dans  les  provinces  meridiouales,  ci-devant 
couvertes  d'innombrables  troupeaux. 

La  loi  du  maximum  a  devore  ce  que  les  armees  n'avaient  pas 
encore  englouti,  parce  que,  dans  les  premiers  temps  de  son  emanation, 
le  paysan,  le  journalier,  tons  ceux  qui  ne  mangeaient  de  la  viande 
qu'une  fois  par  semaine,  excites  par  le  bas  prix,  onfc  augmente  la 
consommation. 

On  a  tue  les  vaches  faute  de  fourrage,  ou  I'administration  des 
subsistances  militaires  et  I'armee  revolutionnaire  les  ont  enlevees;  les 
veaux  sont  encore  plus  rares  que  les  moutons.  Quant  au  bceuf,  son 
usage,  ainsi  que  celui  de  la  vaclie,  est  generalement  interdit  excepte  a 
Paris  et  dans  les  armees.  Vous  voyez  que  depuis  plusieurs  semaines 
la  disette  de  viande  a  gagne  meme  la  capitale.  Elle  est  privee  de  savon, 
d'buile,  de  cafe,  de  sucre  que  les  apothicaires  ont  remplace  par  un 
sirop  de  melasse  :  le  peu  de  cassonade  qu'on  se  procure  est  noire 
comme  la  suie.  Plus  de  gibier  ni  de  volailles  :  un  chapon  s'est  paye  47 
francs,  le  20  fevrier  j  les  gens  de  la  campagne  ayant  mange  leurs  poules 
faute  de  grains  pour  les  nourrir,  et  fait  de  leurs  vaches  des  salaisons, 
les  ceufs,  le  lait,  le  beurre  sont  devenus  denrees  de  luxe :  la  i-arete  de 
la  morue  et  des  legumes  ne  permet  qu'a  un  tres  petit  nombre  d'indivi- 
dus  d'en  faire  usage.  Aussi  quand  Barrere,  efFraye  de  la  disette  de 
viande,  a  propose  un  careme  civique,  il  proposait  un  ordre  aux  dix- 


FAMINE.  357 

liuit  vingfciomes  ties  Parisiens  de  se  uoiirrir  de  pain.  Le  viii  consomme 
dans  la  capitale  n'est  pas  altere,  car  les  marchatids  le  fabriquent,  at 
vendent  cette  boisson  qu'on  dit  detestable,  par  I'impossibilite  d'aclie- 
ter,  de  transporter  et  de  revendre  de  veritables  vins,  au  prix  du 
maximum. 

Cette  calamite  vient  d'exciter  a  Paris  des  murmures,  des  clameurs 
a  la  halle,  quelques  placards  menaQans;  mais  dans  le  reste  du 
royaume,  tels  sont  I'inconcevable  effroi  et  la  soumission  du  peuple, 
qu'un  village  sans  pain  voit  passer  cliaque  jour  des  convois  de  vivres 
pour  I'armee  sans  oser  y  porter  la  main. 

La  disette  de  bestiaux  a  amene  celle  des  cuirs :  la  disette  des 
moutons  pai-alyse  les  fabriques,  qui  n'out  plus  de  laiiies.  Afin  de 
suppleer  au  cuir,  il  a  ete  defend u  a  tout  cordonnier  de  faire  une  paire 
de  souliers  pour  aucun  particulier,  sous  peine  de  4  ans  de  fers.  Leur 
travail  et  la  niatiere  sont  en  requisition  forcee;  aussi  a  Paris,  ainsi 
que  dans  le  royaume,  les  deux  sexes  sont  en  sabots;  on  devient  suspect 
en  portant  des  bottes  ou  des  souliers.  Quant  aux  etoffes  de  tout 
genre,  on  ne  trouve  a  acbeter  que  le  rebut  des  magasins,  que  des 
hardes  de  friperie,  ou  clandestinement,  a  des  prix  excessifs,  quelques 
etoffes  moins  mauvaises  et  cacliees  par  les  marcliands  et  qu'ils  vendent 
en  secret  au  risque  de  passer  pour  des  accajKireurs. 

Je  vous  ai  deja  annouce  les  efforts  et  les  sacrifices  par  lesquels  le 
comite  de  salut  public  cberche  a  soutenir  les  choses  dans  cet  equilibre 
entre  les  privations  et  la  famine  rigoureuse.  Je  vous  ai  indique  les 
theatres  de  ses  achats,  ses  courtiers  a  I'etranger  et  le  succes  de  ses 
profusions  en  ce  genre.  Nous  venons  de  voir  un  nouvel  exemple  de 
celles-ci  dans  une  foire  de  bestiaux  tenue  a  Berne  il  y  a  quinze  jours, 
et  oil  en  6  heures  les  agens  de  la  Convention  ont  acliete  pour  huit  cent 
mille  livres  de  bestiaux ;  huit  paires  de  bceufs  ont  cte  vendues  douze 
niille  livres.  Tons  les  achats  payes  en  especes,  et  au  comptant,  Favi- 
dite  d'un  gain  exorbitant  a  fait  passer  les  vendeurs  sur  toute  espece 
de  prudence:  tel  fermier  a  vendu  ses  attelages  sans  se  doutcr  qu'il 
ne  trouverait  plus  a  les  rachoter,  ou  qu'il  les  racheterait  a  I'usure. 
Enfin  lorsqu'uno  immense  quantite  de  bestiaux  a  etc  enlevee  et  la 
viande  rencherie,  lorsque  les  boucheries  ont  ete  en  souffrance,  ainsi 
que  les  consommateurs,  le  gouvornement  a  rendu  une  ]))-ohil)ition 
generale  et  severe  d'exportor ;  mais  le  nial  etait  fait  en  tres  grande 
partie. 

Cette  defense  embrasse  aussi  les  chevaux,  dont  le  scul  cantiai  de 
Bcruc  avait  ven<lu  au    1"  mars  1,S00,  passes  en  France. 


358  MARCH,  1794. 

Les  autres  cantons  ont  imite  cette  rnesure  tardive;  ceux  cle 
Fribourg  et  de  Soleure  les  avaient  devances. 

II  serait  superflu  de  vous  redire,  ce  dont  plusieurs  de  uies  lettres 
vons  ont  instruit,  que  les  fournitnres  de  la  Suisse  meme  en  bestiaux, 
clievaux,  cuirs,  toiles,  fromages,  bornees  par  la  nature  dii  pays,  et  par 
les  defenses  des  gouvernemens,  ne  pourraient  soulager  six  semaines  les 
detresses  de  la-  France.  Mais  les  exportations  d'ltalie,  d' Allemagne, 
du  nord  &c.  pour  le  compte  des  marchands  de  Bale,  Neucliatel, 
Geneve,  Genes,  et  transmises  aux  Fran9ais  par  les  commissionnaires, 
procurent  des  ressources  plus  etendues,  et  en  procureraient  d'intaris- 
sables.  II  est  sorti  de  la  Lombardie,  et  de  la  Souabe  60  mille  betes  a 
cornes  et  clievaux,  qui  par  I'intermediaire  de  la  Suisse,  ont  passe  en 
Alsace.  Les  draps,  les  cuirs,  nombre  d'articles  et  meme  des  grains 
ont  pris  la  meme  route.  D'apres  la  multiplicite  et  I'accord  des  rapports 
qui  me  sont  parvenus,  je  ne  puis  douter  que  des  regences  allemandes 
entrainees  par  I'amour  du  gain,  ou  seduites  par  les  corruptions  fran- 
gaises,  n'aient  seconde  de  leurs  invigilance  cette  contrebande ;  les 
grands  proprietaires,  soit  en  Lombardie,  soit  en  Souabe,  s'empressent 
aussi  a  la  favoriser  pour  vendre  leurs  bles  a  liaut  prix  aux  ennemis  de 
toute  propriete. 

L'association  de  banquiers  formee  a  Paris  dans  le  dessein  de 
provoquer  et  de  solder  ces  versemens  etrangers  de  marcliandise  et  de 
denrees  est  une  conspiration  sur  laquelle  les  puissances  doivent  porter 
une  prompte  et  severe  attention :  le  fond  de  cette  entreprise  est  de 
60  millions  fournis  par  40  maisons  de  banque.  Le  comite  de  salut 
public  les  a  obligees  a  cette  reunion  et  a  taxe  cliacune  d'elles  a  sa  quote 
part. 

Celle  de  Mallet,  pere  et  fils,  est  ram^onnee  de  1200  mille  livres  : 
les  autres  a  proportion  :  le  comite  appelle  cette  contribution  une 
avance  a  rembourser  apres  les  fournitures  faites.  La  crainte  de  la 
mort  et  de  la  confiscation  ont  concouru  avec  I'infernal  esprit  de 
commerce  a  la  condescendance  de  ces  banquiers.  Je  vous  ai  instruit 
que  trois  d'entr'eux  s'etaient  rendus  a  leur  destination,  savoir,  Grivel 
associe  de  Fulchiron  a  Genes,  Perrigaux,  a  Neuchatel,  et  un  ano7iyme 
a  Hambourg.  lis  ont  ordre  d'aclieter  a  tout  prix,  grains,  draps,  cuirs, 
bestiaux,  salpetre  &c.  &c. 

Finances.  Malgre  les  depenses  enormes  en  especes,  la  Convention 
soutient  son  tresor,  entre  quatre  a  cinq  cent  millions,  par  Taccapare- 
nient  journalier  de  numeraire  et  des  matieres  d'or  et  d'argent ;  la 
terreur  et  I'armee  revolutionnaire  les  font  sortir  avec  une  abondance 


FINANCES.  859 

proportionnee  au  danger.  On  court  en  foiile  aux  hotels  des  monnaies 
ou  Ton  ecliange  ses  especes  et  sa  vaisselle  contre  des  assignats  au  pair. 
Une  personne  qui,  le  2G  du  mois  dernier,  avait  accompagne  nne  dame 
a  la  monnaie,  ou  elle  allait  porter  sa  vaisselle,  m'a  assure  qu'elles 
attendirent  3  lieures  et  deniie  sans  pouvoir  entrer  a  cause  de  la  foule. 
A  cette  date  For  se  veudait  clandestinement  a  40,  a  100  de  benefice 
sur  I'assignat. 

Par  les  informations  que  j'ai  recueillies  toucliant  le  ])illage  de 
Lyon,  il  parait  qu'au  milieu  de  fevrier  les  commissaires  avaient 
recueilli  20  null  ions  especes  ou  assignats,  qu'une  somnie  aussi  forte 
etait  enfouie,  et  que  30  millions  ont  ete  exportes  par  les  proprietaires. 

Quant  a  la  valeur  des  marcliandises  saisie^s,  elle  est  inappreciable. 


J'ai  re^u  avant-hier  par  deux  temoins  dignes  de  creance  des  infor- 
mations sur  I'etat  de  la  campagne,  et  de  I'armee  aux  frontieres 
d'Espagne  vers  le  milieu  du  mois  dernier. 

II  en  resulte  que  I'armee  de  Rousillon  a  ete  renouvelee  deux  fois, 
et  qu'elle  a  perdu  I'annee  derniere  40,000  hommes  par  les  combats,  la 
disette,  le  climat,  les  ej^idemies.  Avec  plus  de  celerite  les  Espagnols 
se  fussent  empares  de  Perpignan,  ou  un  parti  nombreux  se  disposait 
a  les  recevoir ;  le  moment  ayant  etc  manque,  ce  parti  a  succombe  et 
expie  dans  les  su]>plices  sa  connivence  avec  I'ennemi. 

L'armee  de  M.  De  Ricardos  avait  perdu  environ  12,000  hommes 
pendant  la  campagne.  Depuis  la  prise  de  Collioure,  Bellegarde,  Fort 
St  Elme  et  Port-Vendres,  elle  a  pins  une  ]iosition  retranchee  qu'on 
regarde  comme  inexpugnable.  Sa  cavalerie  fait  de  frequentes  ex- 
cursions et  extermine  tous  les  detacheniens  cpii  s'ecavtent  de  rarniee 
fran<^aise. 

Celle-ci  a,  laquelle  on  a  envoye  partie  do  I'armee  de  Toulon,  de 
cclle  do  Lyon  et  tout  ce  qu'on  a  pu  tiror  do  bataillons  de  volontaires 
dans  le  midi  est  aujourd'hui  de  cent  miJle  hommes,  en  deux  division? 
inegales :  I'une  sur  Bayonne,  I'autre  sur  Perpignan. 

Endorse:! 
Iiitelli,t:;ence 
R.  7th  April. 


860  MARCH,  1794. 


A  Milord  Elgin, 
Brvixelles. 


20  mars,  1794. 


Un  retour  d'indisposition,  qui  ne  m'a  perm  is  de  reprendre  le 
travail  qu'avant-hier,  retarde  encore  d'un  courrier  la  concluaion  que 
vous  attendez  :  voici  celle  des  informations. 

Vous  aurez  vu,  Milord,  dans  las  papiers  de  France,  I'appel  du  club 
des  Cordeliers  a  I'insurrection,  la  deputation  fraternelle  des  Jacobins 
a  ce  club,  le  pas  retrograde  de  celui-ci,  et  leur  reunion  par  le  ministere 
de  Collot  d'Herbois.  Je  vous  dois  la  clef  de  cette  comedie.  Elle  ne 
signifie  autre  chose  que  les  deux  partis,  jugeant  leurs  forces  respectives 
balancees,  veulent  se  donner  le  temps  de  recruter  cliacun  de  leur  cote, 
et  d'assurer  leurs  moyens  de  guerre.  Collot  d'Herbois,  en  feignant 
d'improuver  les  Cordeliers,  n'a  dans  le  fait  improuve  que  leur 
precipitation :  il  a  souffle  a  Roberspierre  toujours  nialade,  le  role  de 
mediateur,  et  saura  profiter,  en  temps  et  lieu,  du  credit  que  vient  de 
lui  donner  cette  demarche.  Cette  treve  entre  les  deux  factions  va 
etre  scellee  par  le  massacre  des  61  deputes  detenus,  par  celui  de  99 
membres  de  la  Convention,  et  probablement  par  celui  d'une  partie 
des  detenus  particuliers.  Roberspierre  et  Couthon  gardent  toujours 
leur  maison.  Le  choc  ne  sera  pas  aussi  prompt  qu'on  pouvait  le 
croire  et  son  issue  dependra  absolument  des  premiers  evenemens  de 
la  campagne.  Si  vous  la  brusquez,  si  vous  obtenez  de  grands  succes, 
le  comite  est  perdu,  et  vu  la  detresse  de  Paris  pour  les  subsistances, 
la  commotion  pourra  s'etendre  jusqu'a  la  Convention  elle-meme. 

Vous  aurez  lu  aussi  un  decret  rendu  sur  un  rapport  de  Barrere  et 
qui  permet  I'exportation  aux  neutres  des  marchandises  sur ahond antes. 
J'ai  appris  d'une  maniere  sure  le  but  d'un  decret  en  apparence 
contradictoire  avec  tons  ceux  qui  I'ont  precede  :  c'est  une  parade  :  il 
ne  s'agit  uniquement  que  de  faciliter  la  vente  a  I'etranger  des  diamans 
de  la  couronne,  des  soieries  i:)rises  a  Lyon  et  autres  effets  precieux 
invendables  dans  I'interieur.  Les  42  banquiers  qui  ont  fourni  60 
millions  pour  achats  au  dehors.  Font  fait,  non  en  especes,  ni  assignats, 
mais  par  leurs  billets  solidaires,  delivres  au  comite.  Celui-ci,  pour 
faciliter  le  credit  et  le  placement  de  ces  billets,  leur  a  donne,  pour 
liypotheque,  les  diamans  et  autres  effets  designes  plus  haut ;  les 
vendeurs  etrangers  pourront  se  payer  avec  ces  valeurs  ou  bien  elles 
lour  serviront  de  nantissement  pour  la  siii'ete  des  billets. 


THE   TERROR.  8G1 

La  nouvelle  de  la  prise  de  Bastia  etait  prematuree.  Rien  d'ltalie 
depuis  huit  jours. 

L'armee  du  Rhin  est  a  cinq  livres  de  foiirrage  par  jour  pour 
chaque  cheval. 

Plus  d'avoine ;  les  magasins  pris  sur  I'ennemi  ayant  ete  pilles  en 
detail  par  les  escortes,  les  conducteurs,  les  paysans,  ils  n'ont  ete 
d'aucun  secours. 

Endorsed 

Intelligence 

R.  7th  April. 

(2.) 


Extrait  d'une  lettre  de  la  frontiei-e  en  date  du  22 
mai  1794. 

S'il  pouvait  en  exister  un  plus  terrible  que  celui  sous  lequel  nous 
sommes,  je  vous  dirais,  que  nous  allons  au  galop  vers  le  despotisme. 
A  force  de  faire  jouer  la  liache,  le  comite  de  salut  public  s'en  tirera 
a  honneur.  Vous  devcz  remarquer  qu'elle  tranche  de  toutes  parts ; 
aristocrates,  democrates,  patriotes,  peu  importe.  Tout  ce  qui  a  un 
nom,  de  la  fortune,  du  genie  y  passera.  Le  dernier  rapport  de 
Roberspierre  a  laisse  tout  le  monde  stupefait ;  parce  qu'on  ne  voulait 
pas  lui  Recorder  du  talent.  Pour  cette  fois  il  n'y  a  plus  moyea  de 
nier ;  ce  n'est  plus  la  plume  virile  de  Sieyfes  son  ancien  faiseur  :  c'est 
trop  doux,  trop  redondant.  Si  ce  rapport  est  de  Roberspierre,  vous 
n'avez  plus  qu'd,  lire  I'histoire  d'Auguste.  Avec  la  guillotine  et 
du  talent  nous  arriverons  au  meme  point.  Les  membres  de  la 
Commune  sont  arretes  depuis  deux  jours  :  on  n'ose  en  souffler  mot. 

Je  doute  qu'en  aucun  temps  il  ait  existe  un  peuple  plus  discret 
que  les  Fran^ais  d'aujourd'hui.  On  a  affiche  une  recompense,  pour 
qui  pourrait  donner  des  nouvelles  de  l'armee  du  nord,  elle  n'a  tentc 
])ersonne.  Ne  ci'oyez  nullement  aux  grands  progres  ulterieurs  de 
Cobourg:  il  tatera  le  mauche  de  la  guillotine  et  voila  tout:  il  afFermira 
le  gouvernement,  qui  voudra  ensuite  se  mettre  en  posture  do  faire  la 
paix. 

Deux  personnes  differentes  echappees  de  Paris  et  arrivees,  il  y  a 
peu  de  jours,  m'ont  tenu  a  peu  pres  le  meme  langage.  II  resulte  de 
leurs  informations  et  de  celles  que  j'ai  recucillies  rccemment,  qu'il 
n'y  a  rien,  absolument  rien,  Ti  attcndro  dc  Tintericur  ni  de  Paris.  Les 
provinces    abattues    trLMuljIcnt    au    seul    nom    do    cette    C!ipital(\    et 


362 


MAY,   1794. 


marclieront  efceruellement  sur  ses  traces,  a  moins  qu'une  force  tres 
superieure  ne  vienne  les  ressusciter.  On  s'est  habitue  a  la  misere  et 
a  toutes  les  calamites ;  personne  n'ose  ni  ne  songe  a  en  murnmrer. 

Quant  a  Paris,  ses  habitans  n'appartiennent  plus  a  I'espece 
humaine.  Les  uns  plus  feroces  et  plus  redoutables  a  chaque  nouveau 
crime  sont  lies  irremissiblement  et  chaque  jour  de  plus  en  plus  a  la 
cause  de  Roberspierre.  Le  reste  des  habitans  ne  vaut  guere  mieux. 
Hebetes  par  les  evenemens  journaliers,  ils  n'y  sont  plus  meme 
sensibles,  cliacun  s'attend  a  finir  par  le  dernier  supplice  et  cherche 
a  reculer  ce  dernier  moment  a  force  de  precautions  et  de  bassesses. 
Cette  multitude  animalisee  n'a  plus  meme  I'instinct  de  sa  propre 
defense,  resignee  a  tout  elle  se  verrait  mourrir  de  faim  sans  oser 
])roferer  un  murmure.  Soit  par  complicite,  soit  par  egarement 
stupide,  soit  par  lachete,  Paris  entier  est  wne  argile  dans  les  mains  du 
comite.  Plus  une  etincelle  d'esperance  dans  le  co3ur  de  qui  que  ce  soit. 
Je  vous  avais  annonce,  My  Lord,  ces  dispositions  depuis  longtemps  et 
combien  il  etait  absurde  de  compter  sur  le  desespoir,  sur  la  tyrannie, 
sur  la  famine,  sur  quelques  succes  des  frontieres. 

Le  ci-edit  de  Roberspierre  s'affermit  et  s'augmente  a  vue  d'oeil :  il 
est  plus  puissant,  que  ne  fut  jamais  Louis  XIV.  Je  vous  certifie 
que  personne  n'a  la  hardiesse  de  penser  a  lui  disputer  son  autorite. 
St  Just,  pour  avoir  manifeste  quelques  opinions  difFerentes  de  celles 
du  chef  dans  le  comite,  s'est  mis  au  pied  de  I'echelle;  il  cherche  a  s'en 
tirer  par  des  bassesses,  et  par  un  devouement  plus  servile ;  mais  il 
u'echappera  pas  a  sa  destinee. 

La  terreur  a  tue  le  germe  des  factions,  et  I'aneantissement  du 
pouvoir  populaire  en  a  eteint  I'aliment.  Les  Commissaires  aupres 
des  armees,  les  bureaux  du  gouvernement,  les  administrateurs,  les 
accusateurs  publics  sont  autant  de  creatures  de  Roberspiei're.  Sa 
cruaute  ne  fait  point  baisser  sa  popularite ;  d'abord  parce  que  le 
people  de  Paris  n'est  plus  touche  de  la  cruaute,  ensuite  parce  que 
Roberspierre  agit  comme  il  parle,  a  des  mceurs  conformes  a  son  role, 
n'aspire  ni  a  la  fortune,  ni  aux  dignites,  et  a  persuade  le  vulgaire  de 
la  sincerite  de  son  republicanisme. 

Fouquier  Tinville  accusateur  public  au  Trib.  Revol.  de  Paris 
etait  ami  de  Danton,  qui  I'avait  place ;  au  premier  mot  de  Robers- 
pierre il  n'hesita  pas  a  faire  })erir  son  bienfaiteur. 

Ces  exemples  sont  innombrables.  Le  tribunal  ne  se  donne  plus 
la  peine  d'interroger  les  accuses.  Le  comite  paye  1500  francs  par 
jour    a  la  galerie   qui  va  applaudir    aux    sentences    et  courir  aux 


THE   PROVINCES.  3G3 

executions.  Celles-ci  tiemient  lieu  de  spectacles  :  c'est  une  erreur 
(le  penser  que  le  peuple  en  est  rassassie ;  au  contraire  il  murmure 
lorsque  les  charrettes  qui  trainent  les  condamnes  au  supplice  se 
reduisent  a  une  ou  deux. 

II  n'est  pas  plus  question,  a  Paris,  de  la  Vendee,  de  ses  exploits, 
de  ce  pretendu  siege  de  Nantes  annonce  dans  vos  gazettes,  que  si  elle 
n'existait  pas.  Le  comite  n'a  pour  le  moment  aucune  inquietude  de 
ce  c6te-la ;  du  moins  il  ne  la  montre  par  aucune  disposition. 

Toujours  du  pain  assez  abondant,  et  rarete  extreme  d'autres 
comestibles,  surtout  de  viande ;  tel  est  I'etat  actuel  des  subsistances  a 
Paris.  Dans  les  provinces  on  se  nourrit  de  legumes  de  printemps  :  la 
recolte  est  generalement  belle  et  tres  avancee :  on  moissonne  les 
orges  en  Provence,  en  Languedoc,  dans  le  Bas-Dauphine  :  tous  les 
grains  seront  recueillis  a  Test  et  au  midi  avant  la  fin  de  juiu. 
Quant  a  I'exterieur,  le  plan  du  comite  est  seulement  de  vous  register 
en  Flandre,  de  prevenir  vos  progres  en  Picardie,  de  vous  harasser 
par  des  combats  journaliers  et  des  diversions,  et  de  vous  laisser 
consumer  en  sieges  la  campagne.  Pour  la  guerre  offensive  je  vous 
repete  qu'ils  la  destinent  et  qu'ils  la  portent  impetueusement  avec  de 
grandes  forces  a  I'ltalie  et  a  I'Espagne. 


Extrait  d'une  lettre  de  la  frontiei'e,  en  date  du  29 
mai  1794. 

La  fabrique  des  fusils,  et  des  canons  angmente  tous  les  jours 
d'activite  :  on  a  du  salpetre ;  quoique  les  anciens  canonniers  soient 
presque  tous  tues,  les  eleves  faits  cet  liiver  commencent  a  les  remplucer 
avantageusement.  II  reste  encore  deux  cent  mille  homines  de  la 
premiere  requisition  non  employes,  et  disponibles.  On  ne  procedera 
a  la  2°  levee  que  sur  la  fin  de  la  campagne  pour  ojtposer  des  troupes 
fraiches  a  des  troupes  liarassees :  ces  requisitions,  n'en  doutez  pas, 
marcheront  sans  la  moindre  resistance  au  premier  ordre  du  comite. 

Pai'is  est  aj)provisionne  en  ble  pour  six  semaines ;  il  n'y  a  pas  de 
viande,  on  no  tue  que  32  moutons  par  jour,  cliaque  individu  ne 
pent  avoir  qu'une  livre  de  viande  par  decade ;  les  oeufs  et  le  beurre 
sont  rares,  le  jardinage,  tres  abondant. 

On  s'est  fait  a  cette  vie,  on  la  supporte  sans  murmurer  :  d'ailleurs 
on  a  love  des  animaux,  I'enlevement  de  30  a  40  mille  clievaux  de 
luxe,  rend  les  foiu-ragos  abondans  et  les  a  fait  refluer  aux  armees. 


364  MAY,  1794. 

Plus  de  factions  proprement  dites,  plus  de  partis  prononces,  le 
comite  plane  sur  tout.  Les  factions  ne  naissent  et  ne  se  soutiennent 
que  par  resj)oir,  et  il  n'y  a  plus  d'espoir  quelconque  dans  le  cceur  de 
personne,  pas  plus  du  dehors  que  de  I'interieur. 

Les  exces  moins  cruels  peut-etre  mais  plus  grossierement  neces- 
saires  d'Hebert,  de  Ronsin  et  autres  sans-culottes  a  moustaches  et  a 
sabres  roulans  font  trouver  I'etat  actuel  de  Paris  plus  supportable. 
L'exercice  frequent  de  la  guillotine  n'empeche  pas  le  grand  nombre 
de  s'en  croire  encore  eloigne,  tant  qu'on  reste  dans  la  soumission,  le 
silence,  et  le  devouement  au  comite.  D'ailleurs  on  pent  aujourd'hui 
s'habiller  decemment  meme  avec  gout :  plus  de  bonnets  rouges, 
plus  de  tutoiement  affecte  :  on  pent  aller  aux  spectacles,  et  chez  les 
lilies,  sans  y  etre  insulte  par  les  sans-culottes  ou  par  les  satellites  de 
I'armee  revolutionnaire.  Ainsi,  a  tout  prendre,  notre  situation  est 
un  peu  moins  mauvaise. 

Ce  n'est  pas  en  outi*e  sur  le  comite  de  salut  public  que  retombe 
la  haine  qu'iiispire  la  frequence  des  supplices,  c'est  sur  celui  de  siirete 
generale,  son  agent,  et  qui  sei-a  bientot  sa  victime.  On  parle  de  la 
clemence  de  E-oberspierre  avec  la  metne  bonne  foi,  qu'on  parlait  a 
Pome  de  celled'Auguste. 

C'est  a  force  d'adresse  et  d'habilete  que  le  chef  a  su  eviter  les 
benedictions,  qu'on  voulait  lui  prodiguer  aux  spectacles  et  aux 
Jacobins.  Ce  n'est  pas  que  des  succes  eclatans  et  rapides  des 
Autrichiens,  que  I'occupation  de  la  Picardie,  et  une  marche  acceleree 
ne  changeassent  bien  vite  ces  dispositions ;  mais  ces  victoires,  cette 
marche,  on  les  a  tant  de  fois  attendues,  et  toujours  si  vainement  que 
Ton  n'ose  plus  meme  y  penser. 

On  attend  un  immense  convoi  de  I'Amerique :  c'est  pour  le 
proteger  que  notre  flotte  est  sortie  de  Brest ;  la  deruiere  division 
vient  de  mettre  a  la  voile.  Si  nous  pouvions  attendre  la  recolte, 
nous  sommes  approvisionnes  pour  deux  ans.  Jamais  autant  de 
semence  ne  fut  jetee  en  terre  :  jamais  elle  ne  promit  une  si  abon- 
dante  restitution.  Tout  a  ete  mis  en  culture ;  jacheres,  bi-uyeres, 
allees,  avenues,  promenades,  biens  royaux,  jardins  nationaux.  On 
a  soin  de  dire  aux  paysans  que  depuis  qu'ils  ne  prient  plus  le  bon 
Dieu,  la  nature  leur  donne  toutes  ses  richesses. 

Quoiqu'il  n'y  ait  plus  de  factions,  Roberspierre  a  du  moins  des 
jaloux  dans  le  comite ;  mais  ces  rivalites  sourdes  n'ont  ni  effet,  ni 
influence.  Par  le  moyen  des  Jacobins  on  vient  de  detruire  les 
societes  sectionnaires,  ou  populaires  :  plus  de  rassemblemens  excepte 


ROBESPIERRE.  36-5 

aux  Jacobins,  qu'on  conserve  pendant  la  guerre  pour  exciter 
I'enthousiasme ;  mais  qvi'on  fera  casser  par  la  convention,  lorsqu'il 
en  sera  temps.  Collot  et  Couthon  sont  charges  du  gouvernenicnt 
de  cette  societe.  Roberspierre  ne  veut  d'autre  titre  que  celui  de 
membre  du  comite  de  S.P.  II  se  contente  de  gouverner  sous  son 
nora. 

Ses  collegues  ont  une  assez  belle  part  pour  en  ctre  contens.  lis 
disposent  de  la  fortune,  des  places,  des  revenus  pour  leurs  amis  et 
leurs  cliens. 

Endorsed 
In  Lord  Elgin's,  June  10th. 


De  la  frouticre.     30  mai  179i. 

II  n'est  pas  douteux  que  mes  correspondans  de  Paris  sont  moins 
exacts,  I'un  tient  de  si  pres  aux  guillotineurs,  qu'il  apprehende 
toujours  d'etre  guillotine,  I'autre  sans  le  meriter  autant,  a  la  meme 
crainte ;  ils  me  Font  fait  savoir  tous  deux  par  ecrit,  et  de  vive  voix 
par  des  emigres :  ce  que  je  vous  ecrivis  le  27  de  ce  mois  etait  le  resultat 
d'une  lettre  du  premier,  et  d'une  longue  conversation  avec  un  de  ses 
intimes,  ci-devant  lie  avec  les  faiseurs.  II  m'apprenait  en  outi-e,  dans 
sa  lettre,  que  la  crainte  ct  la  terreur  etaient  encore  plus  a  I'ordre  du 
jour  dans  Fame  des  membres  du  comite  de  S.  P.  que  dans  celle  des 
autres  FranQais,  il  entrait  meme  a  cet  egard  dans  quelques  details 
sur  les  precautions  que  prend  Roberspierre  pour  echapper  aux  coups 
que  sa  conscience  sans  doute  lui  fait  appreliender  des  lors ;  dans  uno 
lettre  re^ue  avant-hier,  il  me  mande  Fassassinat  manque  de  Collot, 
m'ajoutant  que  cette  entreprise  ne  servira  pas  peu  les  j^rojets  des 
chefs,  et  qu'ils  songent  a  en  tirer  parti  pour  leur  autorite  :  Fexeniple 
de  Pisistrate  est  deja  dans  Fesprit  de  tout  le  monde  ;  qu'au  reste  co 
coup  va  servir  de  pretexte  a  de  nouvelles  cruautes,  qu'on  les  fera 
porter  sur  plusieurs  membres  de  la  Convention  dont  on  voulait  encore 
se  defaire.  Les  papiers  ne  nous  disent  pas  que  Collot  etait  avec  un 
de  ses  amis  qui  a  rec^u  un  coup  de  coutcau  a  la  gorge:  Ilobcspicrre  n'a 
pas  ose  scrtir  le  lendemain,  mais  sa  peur  fera  verser  bien  du  sang. 
Les  commissions  populaires  sont  coinposees  uniquement  de  gens  sous 
sa  main,  aussi  s'attend  on  qu'elles  feront  beaucoup  de  mal  et  peu  de 
bien ;  tout  ce  qui  est  riche  sera  guillotine ;  soyez-en  sur ;  nous  avons 
de  mavivaises  nouvelles  de  Flandre,  nous  les  tenons  secretes,  pour 
ne  i)arler  que  de  quelques  avantages  du  cote  do  Thuin,  et  sur  les 


366  MAY,  1794. 

bords  de  la  Sambre.  Voila  monsieur  I'extrait  de  ma  lettre  de 
mercredi,  et  mon  correspondant  m'ajoute  :  "  Je  comprends  vos  plain- 
"tes  sur  mon  silence,  mais  vous  ne  jugez  plus  Paris  ce  qu'il  est; 
"I'egoisme  est  dans  tous  les  coeurs;  Fapathie  est  dans  tous  les  esprits  j 
"ne  vous  figurez  plus  qu'on  s'interesse  au  sort  de  tel  ou  tel  membra 
"du  Comite  de  S.  P.  ou  de  ses  adversaires,  ce  qu'on  desire  uniquement 
"et  ardemment,  c'est  qu'il  domine  en  paix ;  les  partis  qui  se  sont 
"eleves  ont  tous  entraine,  dans  leur  chute,  la  ruine  et  la  mort  d'une 
"infinite  d'honnetes  gens,  et  les  factions  de  Brissot,  Dumourier,  Hebert, 
"Danton  ont  toutes  prouve  que  meme  parmi  les  scelerats  :  Quidquid 
"delirant  Peges,  plectuntur  Acliivi :  II  est  vrai  qu'ici  les  Grecs  sont 
"bien  les  plus  laches  des  hommes  :  Que  m'importe,  pourvu  que  je  ne 
"porte  pas  les  coups  :  voila  la  pensee  de  tous  ces  fiers  republicains 
"de  Paris.  Je  ne  saurais  trop  vous  le  repeter  :  II  y  a  des  jaloux 
"secrets,  mais  point  de  factieux  hardis,  point  de  parti  prononce  : 
"obtenez  quelque  succes  sur  les  frontieres  et  vous  les  verrez  renaitre 
"avec  I'espoir  de  reussir :  vous  verrez  le  comite  de  S.  P.  harcele,  et 
"environne  de  conti-adicteurs,  mais  il  faut  des  revers,  sans  quoi  le 
"mot  de  faction  n'existera  pas  meme.  II  y  a  plus  :  nous  en  sommes  au 
"point  que  Ton  est  plus  pi'et  a  donner  a  Robespierre  des  benedictions, 
"qu'a  le  charger  de  reproches,  et  pour  peu  qu'il  paraisse  s'adoucir,  il 
"sera  bientot  traite  comme  un  Dieu  !  Je  vous  ecrirais  tous  les  jours 
"que  je  ne  vous  en  dirais  pas  davantage.  Si  d'ailleurs  il  y  avait 
"quelque  chose  d'important  soit  pour  I'interieur,  soit  pour  des  projets 
"sur  I'etranger,  ou  de  descente  en  Angleterre  a  laquelle  personne  ne 
"pense  plus,  je  vous  en  ferais  part.  Quand  je  ne  vous  ecris  rien,  c'est 
"qu'il  n'y  a  rien,  du  moins  a  ma  connaissance;  soyez  sur  d'ailleurs  que 
"nous  vivons  beaucoup  au  jour  le  jour." 

Voila,  monsieur,  tout  ce  que  j'ai  a  vous  mander  aujourd'hui ;  j'ai 
ete  si  occupe  ce  matin  par  le  retour  des  Bernois  pour  la  transaction 
des  solidaires  que  je  n'ai  pu  encore  vous  envoyer  prendre  mes  lettres 
d'ltalie :  veuillez  faire  dire  a  notre  ami  que  j'ai  re^u  sa  lettre,  et  que 
je  lui  ecrirai  demain. 
Endorsed 

In  Lord  Elgin's  June  17th. 


Mercredi  matin,  ijtiin. 
Je  viens  de  recevoir  votre  lettre  ;    vous   paraissez  ajouter  foi  a 
I'affaire  du  22  ;  c'est  un  motif  de  plus  pour  moi  d'y  croire ;  nous  lan- 
guissons  comme  vous  d'en  appreudre  les  resultats. 


THREATENED    EXECUTIONS.  3G7 

Ou  me  confirnie  de  Genes  la  i)rise  de  Bastia,  qui  s'est  rciulu  le  1 9 
faute  de  vivres;  de  Turin,  rien  de  })lus  sin-  que  I'aiTivee  de  bon  noui- 
bre  d'Auti-ichiens;  la  cour  a  pris  eufin  Failure  ferme ;  si  elle  va  bieu, 
les  peuples  iront  de  meuie:  il  y  a  plusieurs  pei'somies  arretees;  on  parle 
d'une  conspiration  assez  grave,  on  dit  qu'un  million  avait  etc  offert 
au  commandant  d'Exilles,  et  que  ce  brave  liomme  a  repousse  Toffre  ct 
les  oftVans ;  je  n'ai  pas  sur  ces  objets  de  details  officiels,  la  lettre  qui 
les  contiendra,  si  le  fait  est  vrai,  ne  me  sera  donnee  que  dans  une 
heure,  je  vous  les  transmettrai  vendredi.  Une  indiscretion  francaise 
m'a  fait  connaitre  une  lettre  recente  d'un  membre  du  comite  de  sal. 
pub. ;  elle  exprime  les  plus  vives  inquietudes ;  il  parle  de  cherclier  xin 
lieu  de  retraite,  il  dit  que  la  pluralite  du  comite  voit  les  choses 
comme  lui ;  c'est-a-dire  apprehende  I'exterieur  et  I'interieur ;  mais 
s'ils  doivent  perir,  ce  sera  dans  les  flots  de  sang  qu'ils  auront  fait 
vorser  dans  I'interieur,  et  sur  les  cadavres  des  victimes  qu'ils  se  seront 
immolees  :  mon  correspondant  m'ecrit  aussi  dix  lignes,  pour  me  parler 
des  assassinats  a  peu  pres  comme  vrais;  il  m'assure  qu'ils  seront  le 
pretexte  d'une  efFroyable  tragedie,  qu'elle  portera  en  grande  partie 
sur  la  Convention,  et  sur  les  detenus  actuels  :  la  terreur  rogue  cbez 
tons  les  Conventionnels,  ils  redoutent  a  chaque  instant  I'ceil  et  le 
geste  de  Robespierre  et  de  Barrere  qui  doit  les  designer  au  supplice  : 
il  m'assure  qu'il  ne  font  aucun  fond  sur  les  succes  de  Picbegru,  et  qu'ils 
s'attendent  a  le  voir  battu ;  il  croit  meme  que  dans  la  nuit  du  jour 
qu'il  m'ecrit,  le  28,  ils  out  regu  de  mauvaises  nouvelles;  il  me 
confirme  que  la  Vendee,  quoique  faible,  existe  et  a  des  succes. 
Malgre  tout  cela,  il  ne  peut  croire  aux  resultats  decidement  contre- 
revolutionnaires  et  aux  succes  decisifs  des  allies;  il  croit  que  Robers- 
pierre  trouvera,  dans  sa  cruaute  et  le  genie  de  Sieves,  des  ressources 
si  effroyables,  que  la  tei-reur  renforcee  de  tous  leurs  autres  moyens 
exagex'es,  leur  procurera  des  armees  sans  cesse  renaissantes ;  a  moins, 
termine-t-il  toujoui'S,  que  des  coups  rapides  et  considerables,  ne  jettent 
une  alarme  salutairc,  jusqu'au  cceur  de  la  capitale. 

Je  n'ecris  pas  a  notre  ami ;  ce  sera  vendredi ;  il  y  a  six  jours  que 
je  n'ai  rien  de  lui.  Je  I'embrasse  ainsi  que  vous,  excellent  et  ver- 
tueux  homme.  J'espere  que  notre  ami  n'a  pas  ete  fache  de  la  lettre 
que  je  lui  ecrivis  samedi  sur  la  reconnaissance. 

Eerne,  Ic  Sjuin  1791. 
Ce  que  vous  lirez  de  Paris,  My  Lord,  dans  la  lettre  ci-incluse  m'a  ete 
confirme  bier  par  Ic  meme  con-espondaut  par  une  lettre  que  j'ai  rei^ue 


368  JUNE,  171)4. 

moi-meme  de  la  capitale  en  date  du  30  et  que  je  n'ai  pas  encore  eu  le 
temps  de  dechifFrer  en  entier ;  enfin  par  le  temoignage  d'une  de  mes 
connaissances,  homme  d'un  esprit  superieur  et  d'une  rare  energie, 
sorti  de  Paris  il  y  a  12  jours.  A  son  depart,  ainsi  qu'a  celui  des 
lettres,  on  avait  la  plus  sinistre  opinion  de  I'armee  du  nord,  et  Ton 
parlait  du  rappel  de  Pichegru,  auquel  on  nommait  pour  successeur 
Sclierer,  Alsacien,  qui  commandait  I'liiver  dei^nier  a  Huningue. 

Le  comite  a  de  vives  craintes  ;  c'est  un  fait  avere :  sa  confiance 
existe  principalement  dans  les  moyens  multiplies  de  corruption  et 
d'intelligence  par  lesquels  il  travaille  a  operer  des  soulevemens  et  des 
troubles  cliez  ses  ennemis.  Regardez  ces  efforts  comme  le  fond  de  sa 
politique  exterieure.  Quant  a  I'interieur,  il  prepare  de  nouveaux 
massacres.  II  va  continuer  a  supposer  des  complots  dans  les  prisons, 
des  projets  d'assassinats,  des  preparatifs  de  revolte,  et  il  egorgera. 
La  terreur  a  encore  augmente  a  Paris  parce  qu'on  j  pressent  cet  orage, 
comme  les  animaux  par  leurs  mugissemens  annoncent  ceux  de  I'atmo- 
sphere.  Tout  projet  de  descente  en  Angleterre  est  absolument 
abandonne. 

J'ai  dans  mes  mains  les  materiaux  d'un  quatrieme  memoire  histo- 
x'ique  sur  I'interieur  actual  de  la  France.  J'ai  remis  cette  redaction 
a  un  autre  temps,  je  me  borne  a  vous  en  indiquer  les  resultats  que  voici : 

1°.  Aucun  espoir  de  soulevement  interieur  ni  a  Paris  ni  dans 
les  depai'temens.  Les  hommes  ne  sont  i:)lus  que  des  cadavres  mar- 
cliant  dans  les  rues,  et  plus  vils  que  des  vermisseaux,  il  n'existe  encore 
quelque  reste  de  courage  que  chez  les  femmes. 

2°.  Cet  etat  moral  ne  cbangera  qu'apres  des  succes  eclatans  et 
successifs  de  la  part  des  allies,  et  au  moment  ou  leurs  armes  inspire- 
ront  plus  de  terreur  que  le  comite. 

3°.  La  Vendee  sur  laquelle  on  debite  toutes  sortes  de  fables  a 
Londres  et  a  Bruxelles,  est  reduite  a  18  mille  bommes  cernes  par  50 
mille :  elle  a  repousse  plusieurs  attaques  sur  son  terrain,  ou  elle 
se  defendra  sans  faire  de  progres  :  elle  a  perdu  tout  ce  qu'elle  avait 
de  troupes  regulieres,  et  le  plus  marquant,  le  plus  utile  de  ses  chefs, 
Mr  de  Lescure.  II  etait  anime  d'un  fauatisme  communicatif  qui 
magnetisait  tous  ces  paysans :  nul  ne  le  remplace  dans  cet  ascendant. 
Le  Pr.  Talmont  a  certainement  ete  pris,  juge,  decapite  a  Laval,  ou  sa 
tete  est  encore  plantee  devant  la  porte  de  sa  maison.  Les  seules 
provinces  desquelles  on  pourrait  attendre  quelque  chose,  apres  un 
changement  de  circonstances,  sont  la  Normandie,  la  Franche-Comte 
et  une  partie  de  la  Brctagne. 


THE   INTERIOR.  360 

4".  Le  projet  du  comite  est  cle  renverser  la  Convention.  Brissot, 
Hebert,  Danton  eurent  le  meme  desseiu  :  le  comite  Fa  fort  avance  ; 
les  representans  tremblent  devant  lui ;  il  prepare  le  massacre  de  la 
moitie  de  ceux  qui  restent  et  des  42  detenus. 

5°.  Robespierre  domine ;  mais  a  besoin  des  bras  du  comite  :  il 
n'est  pas  encore  assez  fort  pour  se  defaire  de  ses  cooperateurs,  il  est 
douteux  qu'il  le  soit  jamais.  Voici  la  distribution  des  roles.  Robes- 
pierre fait  les  plans,  tient  la  tribune,  prepare  les  decisions :  on  lui 
donne  I'abbe  Sieyes  pour  souffleur. 

Couthon  tres  influent  anterieurement,  s'est  fait  le  valet  et  I'echo 
de  Robespierre.  Oollot  d'Herbois  est  charge  de  la  partie  des  ci-imes, 
des  massacres,  des  fourberies.  Barrere  conserve  les  rapports  et  la 
manoeuvre  de  I'enthousiasme.  S'  Just  administre  :  ses  collegues  n'y 
entendant  rien,  sa  capacite  lui  a  donne  cette  branche  presque  exclu- 
sivement ;  elle  le  menera  loin  ;  Robespierre  le  menage  ;  Carnot  tient 
toujours  la  guerre ;  les  autres  membres  ne  sont  que  des  commis. 

6°.  On  poursuit  le  plan  de  faire  perir  successivement  les  pro- 
prietaires,  pour  faire  vivre  la  republique  de  confiscations. 

7°.  II  ne  faut  absolument  compter  ni  sur  la  famine,  ni  meme 
sur  la  disette.  Cliacun  s'est  habitue  a  la  peniirie  actuelle  qui  va 
diminuer  par  I'abondance  des  recoltes.  Jamais  la  France  ne  fut 
cultivee  comme  elle  Test ;  il  n'y  a  pas  un  arpent  qui  ne  soit  ense- 
mence,  sauf  dans  les  lieux  ou  operent  les  armees  belligerantes.  Cette 
culture  universelle  a  ete  forcee  par  les  Directrices,  la  oil  on  ne  la 
faisait  pas  volontairement, 

8".  On  manque  entierement  d'articles  essentiels  qui  ne  sont  pas 
des  subsistances  ;  par  exemple  de  savon  :  aux  armees  on  ne  fait  que 
laver  le  linge ;  les  miasmes  infects  y  restent  impregnes ;  il  en  est 
resulte  une  gale  lepreuse  du  caractere  le  plus  virulent :  les  soldats 
Font  communiquee  aux  bourgeois  :  elle  fait  des  ravages  immenses 
partout  oil  les  troupes  sejournent  ou  ont  sejourne ;  on  est  oblige  de 
la  traiter  comme  la  verole,  par  24  frictions  mercurielles. 

9".  La  2^  requisition  de  25  a  45  ans  sera  levee  generalement 
apres  les  recoltes,  ainsi  que  je  vous  Fai  mande,  ce  qui  n'empeche  pas 
qu'on  ne  Fait  deja  executee  dans  bcaucoup  de  districts.  Elle 
s'opcrera  sans  murmure.  Tout  ce  qui  restait  de  disponible  dans  les 
provinces  orientales  vient  de  partir  pour  FALsacc  presque  sans  defense. 
Si  I'armee  autrichienne  du  Rhin  vahiit  celle  de  Prussc,  il  ne  fiit  pas 
echappg  un  bataillon  de  tout  ce  que  les  Fran^ais  avaient  du  Rhin  au 
Vosges,  et  de  Spire  a  Bitche. 

G.  c.  24 


370  JUNE,  1794. 

1 0°.  Le  but  du  decret  qui  defend  de  faire  prisonniers  les  Anglais 
et  les  Hanovi-iens,  du  rapport  de  Barrere  et  de  I'adresse  de  la 
Convention  a  ce  sujet,  est  de  provoquer  la  desertion  dans  vos  troupes, 
d'arreter  les  levees,  de  fournir  un  texte  a  Topposition,  d'exalter  la 
haine  nationale  contre  vous,  et  de  forcer  les  patriotes  a  se  battre  en 
desesperes.  Yous  verrez  se  multiplier  les  mesures  de  ce  genre  et  le 
comite  ordonner  ensuite  des  forfaits,  devant  lesquels  tout  ce  qu'il 
s'est  permis  sera  des  actes  de  vertu. 

Ainsi,  My  Lord,  je  vous  repete  ce  que  je  vous  disais  dans  mon 
dernier  memoire,  tant  que  Ton  aura  la  simplicite  de  se  conduire  avec 
douceur,  de  respecter  le  droit  des  gens,  et  celui  de  la  guerre,  de  croire 
eviter  les  represailles,  de  traiter  les  Frangais  d'aujourd'hui  comma 
on  les  traitait  en  1756,  en  un  mot,  de  rester  sur  un  systeme  militaire 
incompatible  avec  la  revolution,  les  circonstances,  et  la  nature  de 
vos  ennemis,  vous  n'en  viendrez  jamais  a  bout. 

Le  courrier  d'ltalie  arrive  bier  nous  confirme  la  prise  de  Bastia ; 
la  garnison  reste  prisonniere  de  guerre.  Le  bruit  courait  que  Paoli 
venait  de  declarer  la  guerre  aux  Genois :  une  escadre  espagnole 
considerable  ai-rivait  dans  la  Mediterranee.  Les  neiges  nouvelles  ont 
fait  partout  retrograder  les  Frangais  en  Piemont,  ou  Ton  a  repris 
courage  ;  les  arrestations  ont  continue  a  Turin  :  deux  officiers  d'artil- 
lerie  sont  detenus,  outre  les  persounes  que  je  vous  designais  dans  ma 
derniere  lettre.  II  n'y  avait  pas  de  veritable  conspiration,  mais  les 
preliminaires ;  intelligences,  correspondances,  corruptions ;  tout  cela 
avait  des  ramifications  etendues,  meme  jusqu'en  Suisse. 

Endorsed 
In  Mr  Bruce's  June  1794. 


Extraits. 

Les  frontieres  le  19  juin  1794. 
J'ai  regu  bier  une  lettre  de  la  capitale  en  date  du  13,  on  me 
mande  que  le  rapport,  et  le  decret  sur  le  tribunal  revolutionnaire  ont 
petrifie  de  stupeur  cet  amas  de  betes  brutes  qu'on  appelle  les 
Parisiens.  Chacun  se  prepare  a  recevoir  la  mort ;  nul  n'ose  avoir 
la  pensee  de  la  donner.  Plusieurs  membres  de  la  Convention,  Collot- 
d'Herbois,  Bourdon  de  L'Oise,  Tallien,  Ruamps,  Bernard  de  Saintes, 
et  d'autres  vont  etre  immoles  :  puis  80  a  100  meurtres  par  jour.  Je 
vous  avals  deja  mande  le  presage  de  ce  redoublement  de  fureur.  Le 
comite  n'est  jamais  satisfait  de  la  terreur  qu'il  inspire ;  plus  il  frappe, 


SCARCITY   IN    PARIS.  371 

plus  il  scut  le  besoin  de  frapper;  il  a  autant  de  craintes  que  les 
victimes.  Au  surplus,  il  n'existe  qu'un  sentiment,  la  peur ;  qu'une 
opinion,  la  peur  ;  qu'un  parti,  celui  de  la  j^eur.  Jacobins,  patriotes, 
aristocrates,  tous  se  regardent  comme  destines  a  etre  atteints  tot  ou 
tard. 

Depuis  15  jours,  la  moitie  de  Paris,  ne  vivait  que  de  pain,  et 
d'herbes  bouillies,  mais  pas  une  plainte.  On  finit  par  me  rcpeter,  ce 
qui  est  maintenant  bien  inutile  a  dire,  et  que  j'eus  I'honneur  de  vous 
exprimer  des  le  mois  de  mars,  c'est  que  I'effet  d'une  defaite,  et  d'uno 
marche  rapide  des  allies  eut  ete  et  serait  encore  incalculable  ;  mais 
le  comite  ne  I'apprehende  guere,  et  connait  parfaitement  la  situation 
ou  les  allies  se  sont  reduits  par  leur  opiniatrete  a  persister  dans  les 
niesures  mediocres  et  decousues,  qui  leur  ont  deja  coute  deux 
campagnes. 

Depuis  que  les  Suisses  ont  ferme  leurs  frontieres  a  I'exportation 
des  objets  necessaires  au  comite,  celui-ci  diminue  cbaque  jour  de 
tendresse  a  leur  egard,  et  s'il  continue  a  etre  victorieux,  il  ne  tardera 
pas  a  leur  moutrer  que  la  reconnaissance  n'est  pas  une  vertu 
republicaine.  II  ne  leur  declarera  pas  la  guerre,  mais  il  attaquera  de 
front  leur  tranquillite ;  il  les  inondera  d'incendiaires  et  soutiendra 
les  premiers  perturbateurs  qui  se  deploieront.  La  contrebande  de 
FAUemagne  continue  avec  d'immenses  accroissemens.  20,000  boeufs 
ont  ete  aclietes  par  les  Fran^-ais  en  Souabe  :  il  en  est  deja  sorti  3,000 
qui  traversent  la  Suisse  :  meme  trafic  pour  les  bles.  La  friponnerie 
des  preposes  et  I'avidite  des  proprietaires  allemands  soutiennent  ce 
commerce  en  depit  des  ordonnances  du  cercle. 

Milord  Elgin. 


24—2 


372  JUNE,  1791. 


II. 


A  Monsieur  D.  S.  Curtis  a  Paris. 

Monsieur, 

Vous  avez  sans  doute  lu  quelques  ouvrages  sur  la  revolution  fran- 
9aise  dans  lesquels  se  trouve  rapportee  I'arrestation  de  la  famille  royale 
a  Varennes;  les  differentes  versions  different  plus  ou  moins  entre  elles. 
Je  pense  que  vous  lirez  avec  plaisir  la  seule  vraie  qui  a  ete  ecrite  par 
I'aine  des  six  enfants  de  mon  grand-pere ;  mon  oncle  Simon  Fouche, 
ne  a  Metz  le  3  Janvier  1772,  etait  le  20  juin  1791,  age  d'un  peu  plus 
de  19  ans  et  se  trouvait  en  etat  de  rend  re  un  compte  exact  de  ce  qu'il 
a  vu  et  entendu  ce  jour-la  et  les  suivants. 

Ses  deux  sceurs  ainees,  mes  tantes,  m'ont  raconte  plusieurs  fois  ce 
qui  s'etait  passe  et  differaient  du  recit  de  mon  oncle  en  un  seul  point ; 
suivant  elles,  mon  grand-pere  ignorait,  quand  il  s'est  adresse  a  la 
reine,  a  qui  il  parlait,  mais  Drouet  et  son  ami  Guillaume,  seuls,  le 
savaient.  J'avais  lu  cette  relation  en  1852,  lors  d'un  voyage  que  je 
fis  a  Epinal  (Vosges),  ville  dans  laquelle  mon  grand-pere  et  les  deux 
aines  de  la  famille  ont  termine  leurs  jours  :  ce  n'est  qu'apres  le  deces 
de  ma  tante  Catherine,  arrive  en  T*"™  1860,  que  I'idee  m'est  venue  de 
chercher  dans  ses  papiers  cette  relation  qui  ne  s'y  trouvait  plus,  parce 
que  son  auteur  en  avait  fait  don  au  commissaire  de  police  d'Epinal, 
lequel  a  bien  voulu  permettre  au  plus  jeune  de  mes  oncles  et  a  moi 
d'en  prendre  copie. 

Agreez  en  meme  temps  I'assurance 

de  ma  consideration  distinguee, 

S.  FOUCHE. 
Paris,  rue  Neuve  des  Petits  Champs,  6. 


THE   KING  ARRESTED.  373 


Relation  dii  voyage  de  la  famille  royale  a  Varennes. 

Le  20  juin  1791,  a  onze  heures  du  soir,  ma  sceur  entendant 
du  bruit  dans  la  rue,  en  avertit  men  pere,  qui,  a  demi  habille,  sort  de 
la  maison,  et  se  trouve  vis-a-vis  de  Mr  Drouet  maitre  de  poste  de  Ste 
Menehould  accompagne  de  Mr  Guillaume. — "  Vous  etes  le  comman- 
dant de  la  garde  nationalel — Oui. — Eh  bien  !  Deux  voitures  qui  se 
trouvent  a  I'eatree  de  la  ville  vont  arriver ;  c'est  la  famille  royale 
qui  fuit,  il  faut  I'arrOter;  i'aites  battre  la  generale,  et  assemblez 
la  garde  nationale,  pendant  que  j'irai  cliez  le  procureur  de  la  com- 
mune et  que  je  barricaderai  le  pont." 

Mon  pere  rentre  chez  lui,  passe  son  uniforme,  m'avertit  d'en  faire 
autant,  et  nous  nous  rendons  a  I'auberge  du  bras  d'or,  oil  Leblanc  et 
son  frere  Poulot  deja  avertis  se  trouvaient  sur  la  porte ;  le  tambour 
qui  deraeure  vis-a-vis  regoit  I'ordre  de  battre  la  generale  et  le  bruit 
des  deux  voitures  se  fait  entendre. 

Drouet,  les  deux  Leblanc,  mon  pere,  moi,  et  deux  autres  personnes 
avee  le  procureur  de  la  commune,  Sausse,  a  I'arrivee  des  voitures,  se 
trouvaient  comme  un  poste,  et  mettant  la  main  sur  la  bride  des  che- 
vaux,  I'un  de  nous  cria:   "  Halte  la!  vos  passeports." 

Une  voix  de  femme  avait  crie,  de  la  voiture,  de  passer  outre ; 
mais  il  fallut  montrer  le  passeport  au  nom  de  Mme  la  Bne  de  Koi'if 
signe  Montmorin. 

Apres  la  lecture  qui  en  fut  faite,  Drouet  dit;  que  quoique  le 
passeport  fut  bon,  cependant  il  y  manquait  la  signature  du  pi-esident 
de  I'assemblee  nationale  pour  passer  a  I'etranger ;  qu'ainsi  il  fallait 
de  toute  necessito  s'ari-eter  puisque  Ton  n'avait  point  de  clievaux  de 
rechange,  Varennes  n'etant  point  un  lieu  de  poste  et  que  d'ici  a 
demain  on  chercherait  a  se  procurer  des  chevaux.  On  descendit  done 
de  la  voiture;  I'auberge  ne  convenant  })as  pour  s'y  arreter,  Mr  Sausse 
offrit  son  logement. 

On  accepta,  on  descendit  la  rue,  on  entra  d'abord  au  roz  de  chaussee 
qui  servait  a  la  fabrique  de  chandelles  ;  il  y  sentait  le  suif,  les  femmes 
se  plaignirent  qu'il  etait  impossible  de  supporter  cette  odeur;  on  leur 
dit  qu'on  preparait  la  chambre  qui  leur  etait  dcstinee,  et  un  moment 


374 


JUNE,  1791. 


apres  on  y  monta  par  un  escalier  tournant  et  etroit.  Mon  pere  me 
dit  alors  :  "Tu  resteras  dans  la  chambre;  tu  m'avertiras  si  tu  vois  des 
dispositions  de  fuite,  je  serai  a  la  porte  de  la  maison."  Je  suivis  done 
la  famille  royals  dans  cette  chambre  assez  grande  qui  donnait  sur  un 
jardin  ou  une  cour,  il  s'y  trouvait  des  bancs  et  des  chaises,  deux  fau- 
teuils,  une  table,  un  lit  a  colonnes,  une  cheminee,  un  portrait  du  I'oi 
en  platre  colorie;  le  roi  prit  place  dans  un  fauteuil  qui  se  trouvait 
au  milieu  de  la  chambre,  les  dames  sur  les  bancs  et  les  chaises  adossees 
aux  croisees,  les  3  gardes  du  corps  au  coin.  Quand  toute  la  famille  fut 
placee,  le  procureur  de  la  commune  vint  avec  sa  femme  demander 
quels  ordres  on  avait  a  lui  donner;  et  regardant  le  roi,  le  comparant 
au  portrait,  il  dit:  "Sire,  je  vois  que  j'ai  le  bonheur  de  posseder  la 
famille  royale,  et  je  viens  vous  offrir  mon  respect  et  mes  services. — 
Oui,  je  suis  votre  roi,  voila  mon  epouse,  mes  enfants  et  ma  soeur,  nous 
vous  conjurons  de  nous  traiter  avec  les  egards  qui  nous  sont  dus  et 
nous  nous  reposons  sur  votre  loyaute."  Cette  espece  d'efFusion  passee, 
la  reine  demanda  de  I'eau  chaude,  des  oeufs,  du  vin,  des  draps  de  lit, 
que  Ton  plaga  pendant  que  Ton  mangeait  et  apres  ce  repas  improvise 
les  2  enfants  furent  couches  et  presque  aussitot  ils  s'endormirent. 

La  generale  battue,  la  garde  nationale  fut  bientot  siir  pied ;  les 
messagers  envoyes  dans  les  villages  avec  ordre  de  communiquer  par- 
tout  la  nouvelle  de  I'arrivee  du  roi  a  Varennes  en  amenerent  de  toutes 
parts. 

Les  postes  places  aux  entrees  de  la  ville  n'avaient  pu  refuser 
aux  40  hussards  de  Lauzun  de  passer  pour  retourner  a  leur  quartiei\ 
Mon  pere,  les  voyant  arriver  et  s'arreter  dans  la  rue  qu'il  occupait, 
les  fit  mettre  en  bataille  au  lieu  de  rester  en  colonne,  aborda 
I'officier  qui  les  commandait  et  lui  ordonna  de  conduire  sa  troupe  au 
quartier ;  I'officier,  au  lieu  d'executer  cet  ordre,  remit  son  com- 
mandement  a  un  marechal  des  logis  et  partit. 

Cette  troupe  aprfes  etre  restee  16  heures  a  cheval  ne  demandait 
que  du  repos  et  les  hussards  se  trouverent  heureux  de  recevoir 
I'ordre  de  retourner  aux  Cordeliers  (leur  caserne). 

Ils  y  allerent  done  en  criant  vive  la  nation,  et  mon  pere  fit 
adosser  sa  garde  aux  maisons  pour  les  laisser  passer.  En  se 
debarrassant  de  ces  hommes  suspects,  il  faisait  place  aux  detache- 
ments  qui  arrivaient,  renforgait  les  postes  k  mesure  et  fermait  les 
issues  de  la  ville.  J'etais  done  de  planton  dans  la  chambre.  J'y 
vis  arriver  successivement  des  officiers  qui  venaient  tres  humblement 
se   justifier  aupres  de  la  reine;    elle  paraissait  tres  irritee;    le  roi 


DEPARTURE  FROM  VARENNES.  375 

restait  sur  son  fauteuil,  regardait  ses  trois  gardes  du  corps  couches 
I'un  sur  I'autre  et  ronflant ;  ce  qui  excitait  son  sourire. 

Messieurs  de  Goguelat,  Chai-les  de  Damas  et  de  Choiseul  se 
trouvant  reunis,  le  roi  se  leva,  prit  place  pres  de  la  reine,  et,  pendant 
que  ce  conseil  deliberait,  madame  Elisabeth  vint  a  moi,  me  prit  par 
les  revers  de  mon  uniforme,  m'attira  pi'es  du  lit  oil  les  enfants 
dormaient,  et  me  dit :  "  Ne  serait-ce  pas  dommage  qu'il  arrivat 
malheur  a  ces  innocentes  creatvxres  ? — II  faut  esperer,  madame,  qu'il 
n'en  arrivera  pas. — Vous  le  croyez  ? — J 'en  suis  persuade.  — Vous 
pensez  done  que  nous  pourrons  continuer  notre  voyage  ? — Je  le  pre- 
sume." Elle  me  retint  assez  longtemps  en  me  faisant  diverses  autres 
questions.  Mais  je  n'etais  pas  dupe  du  motif  qui  m'eloignait  du  conseil ; 
elle  voulait  m'empecher  d'entendre  ce  que  Ton  y  disait  et  je  ne  pus 
entendre  que  le  nom  de  Bouille  souvent  repete. 

Apres  que  les  oflSciers  furent  sortis,  vers  cinq  heures  du  matin, 
Mr  de  Romeuf  et  son  compagnon,  en  assez  mauvais  equipage, 
arrivferent  en  se  disant  envoyes  par  I'assemblee  nationale  et  portant 
I'ordre  d'arreter  le  roi  et  sa  famille  et  de  les  ramener  a  Paris. 
Cette  declaration  fut  comme  un  coup  de  foudre ;  la  reine  surtout  en 
paraissait  indignee;  le  roi  dit  alors:  "II  n'y  a  plus  de  roi  en  France." 

La  chambre  donnant  sur  la  rue  etait  pleine  de  monde ;  on  la  fit 
evacuer.  On  demandait  a  voir  le  roi,  et  le  procureur  de  la  commune 
vint  prior  le  roi  de  vouloir  bien  se  montrer  a  la  croisee  de  cette 
chambre,  II  y  alia,  non  pour  entendre  I'acclamation  qu'il  attendait 
sans  doute,  mais  le  cri  de  vive  la  nation,  que  toute  la  garde  nationale 
jeta  a  sa  vue.  II  pronon^a  quelques  pai"oles  et  retourna  a  la 
chambre  de  derriere,  d'ou  bientot  apres  il  descendit  pour  monter 
dans  sa  berline  et  partir  pour  son  retour  a  Paris. 

Lorsque  I'heure  du  depart,  vers  7  heures,  fut  arrivee,  Messrs  de 
Choiseul  et  de  Damas  rentrerent  et  redescendirent  avec  la  famille 
royale;  lesvoitures  etaient  devant  la  porte;  la  rue  etait  cncombreo  de 
gardes  nationales,  enfin  le  roi  et  sa  famille  y  reprirent  leur  place 
et  elles  partirent  fort  lentement. 

Pen  de  gardes  nationales  de  Yarennes  suivirent  les  voitures, 
bien  assez  d'autres  le  firent.  Mais  le  fils  de  Mr  Georges,  le  com- 
mandant d'honneur,  Poulot  Leblanc  et  d'autres  les  accompagnerent 
jusqu'a  Paris.  Lorsque  ces  deux  jeunes  gens  furent  presentes  par 
la  commune  de  Paris  a  I'assemblee  Nat'*'  et  accueillis  par  elle,  on 
admira  leur  courage  ct  on  Icur  en  fit  compliment.  Mais  Mr  Georges 
fils  ne  pouvait  se  parer  des  plumes  (pii  iie  lui  :ip]iartonaiont  pas ; 


376 


JUNE,  1791. 


mon  pere  homme  prudent  et  experimente  fut  prie  par  le  procureur 
de  la  commune,  son  ami,  de  ne  pas  abandonner  Yarennes,  au  moment 
ou  la  vengeance  de  Mr  de  Bouille  pouvait  leur  faire  payer  cher 
I'audace  d'avoir  dejoue  tous  ses  plans.  En  eiFet  le  fils  cadet  de 
Mr  de  Bouille,  qui  etait  parti  de  Varennes  pour  Stenay  a  I'instant  oii 
le  roi  avait  ete  arrete,  reparut  sur  les  hauteurs  de  la  ville  du  cote 
de  Chipy  avec  des  compagnies  du  Regt  de  Royal-Allemand.  lis 
purent  voir  le  convoi  de  la  place  qu'ils  occupaient,  mais  ils  ne 
furent  pas  assez  hardis  pour  entrer  dans  Varennes  ni  forcer  les 
gardes  nationales  qui  en  defendaient  I'entree. 

Ce  fut  un  bonheur  sans  doute  que  10  mille  hommes  au  moins 
se  trouvassent  dans  la  ville ;  un  plus  grand  nombre  y  arriva  dans  la 
journee  de  sorte  que  la  municipalite  et  mon  p5re  n'eurent  rien  autre 
chose  a  faire  qu'a  loger  les  arrivants  et  a  leur  fournir  des  vivres. 
Si  les  principaux  acteurs  eurent  une  faible  indemnite  en  assignats,  la 
repartition  n'en  fut  pas  tres  equitable,  car  mon  pere  n'eut  que  trois 
mille  francs  sur  la  somme  decretee  le  11  juillet  suivant. 

Croisee  Croisee 


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s  et  chaises  des  dames 

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f'                        Cuisine 

Mon  oncle  s'est  borne  a  ecrire  ce  qu'il  a  vu,  et  pour  le  detail  du 
retour  a  Paris,  il  renvoie  aux  journaux  du  temps. 


INDEX. 


Abancourt,  M.  d'  (Charles-Xavier- 
JosephFrauquevilled')  (1758— 1792), 
nephew  of  Calonne  ;  minister  of  war 
after  June  20,  1792 ;  accused  after 
August  10  ;  imprisoned  at  Orleans 
and  assassinated  with  other  prisoners 
at  Versailles.     202,  209 

Abbadie,  Mr  d',  an  Englishman ;  settled 
at  Eochefort  as  broker  and  inter- 
preter.    172 

Abbema,  Balthazar,  M.,  a  Dutch  pa- 
triot ;  took  part  in  the  insurrection 
against  the  Stadtholder  in  1784 ; 
fled  to  France  in  1787,  and  established 
a  bank ;  returned  to  Holland  and  was 
minister  at  Hamburg.     190,  197 

Aelders,  Baronne  d' ;    see  Palm,  Etta 

Affry  (Louis  Augustin  Philippe, 
Comted'),  1743—1810.  Lieutenant 
general  in  the  French  service  ;  com- 
mander of  the  Swiss  Guards  ;  retired 
to  Switzerland  after  August  10, 
1792.    212,  228,  249 

Aguylar,  Marquis  d',  mayor  of  Perpig- 
nan,  1790.     8 

Aiguillon,  Due  d',  son  of  the  minister 
of  Louis  XV. ;  he  died  at  Hamburg 
in  1800.     21,  240 

Ainshe,  Sir  Robert,  Bart.  (1730—1812), 
ambassador  at  Constantinople  1776- 
1794  ;  M.P.  and  numismatist.     42 

Aire,  at  the  junction  of  tlie  Lys  and  the 
Laquette,  a  town  in  the  county  of 
Artois  about  10  miles  from  St  Omcr. 
284 

Aix  (Aquae  Sextiffi) ,  formerly  the  capital 
of  the  county  of  Provence.     205 

Aix-la-Chapelle,  an  old  Imperial  town, 
it  belonged  to  France  from  1794  to 
1814.     262 

Albert,  M.,  Comte  de  Eioms  (1740— 
1806),  a  distinguished  sailor;  fought 
under  d'Estaing  and  de  Grasse ;  com- 
manded at  Toulon  in  1789 ;  received 
the  command  of  the  Heet  intended 


to  support  Spain  against  England 
in  1790 ;  emigrated.     11,  34,  37 

Algiers  was  from  the  beginning  of  the 
16th  century  a  nest  of  pirates.  The 
Dey  made  himself  independent  of 
the  Porte  from  the  beginning  of  the 
18th  century.  It  was  first  conquer- 
ed by  the  French  in  1830.  11,  138, 
139 

Alkirch  (Altkirch)  in  the  Sundgau,  the 
southern  part  of  Alsace,  a  district 
which  was  long  possessed  by  Austria. 
66 

Alsace  formed  at  this  time  a  military 
government  with  Strasburg  as  the 
capital.  As  a  payx  (Vctranger  effec- 
tif  it  had  a  line  of  customs  on  the 
side  of  France.  The  three  hhhopricf. 
were  Metz,  Toul  and  Verdun  in 
Lorraine,  conquered  by  Henri  II.  in 
1552,  and  definitely  ceded  to  France 
in  1648.  19,  20,  41,  52,  59,  61,  65, 
70 

Alvarez,  a  Spanish  general.     248 

Amelot,  M. ,  son  of  a  ministre  de  la 
Maison  du  roi ;  intendaut  of  Burgun- 
dy 1786 ;  commissaire  au  duparte- 
ment  do  la  caisse  de  I'extraordinaire 
in  1790.     243 

Andre,  M.  d',  ci-devant  conseiller  au 
parlement ;  member  of  the  National 
Assembly  for  the  Senechauss6e  of 
Aix.     78 

Angers,  capital  of  Anjou.     33 

Anselm,  servant  to  the  Swedish  am- 
bassador.    147 

Ansolmc,  (rcneral  (Jacques  Bernard 
Modesto  d')  (1740—1812),  conquered 
Nice  1792 ;  retired  from  the  service 
1793.     258,  264,  275 

Antibes,  a  fortified  town  in  the  county 
of  Provence.     338 

Aixlfeche,  a  department  corresponding 
to  the  ancient  Vivarais.     32  n. 

Ardres,  a  town  between  Calais  and  St 


378 


INDEX. 


Omer  in  the  pays  reconquis.  Near 
Ardres  the  interview  of  the  field  of 
the  Cloth  of  Gold  took  place  in  1520. 
284 

Arnay-le-duc,  in  Burgundy  near 
Beaune.     64,  68 

Arras,  the  capital  of  Artois.     284 

Artois,  Comte  d',  born  at  Versailles 
October  9,  1757 ;  died  at  Gdritz 
Nov.  6,  1836 ;  married  Marie-Therese 
of  Savoy  1773;  emigrated  1789; 
lived  in  England  after  1795;  suc- 
ceeded to  the  throne  of  France  as 
Charles  X.  1824  ;  abdicated  August 
2,  1830.  5,  8,  48,  49,  59,  65,  87,  92, 
94,  102,  115,  118 

Artois,  Comtesse  d',  Marie  Th^rese, 
daughter  of  King  Victor  Amadeus 
III.  of  Sardinia  ;  born  Jan.  31, 1756 ; 
died  June  2,  1805 ;  married  the 
Comte  d' Artois  Nov.  16,  1773.     8 

Aubert  du  Bayet,  M.  (1759—1797), 
fought  in  America  under  La  Fayette ; 
d(5piTte  to  the  Legislative  from  the 
Isere  and  to  the  Convention ;  mini- 
ster of  war  under  the  Directory. 
169,  170,  171,  230 

Aurillac,  the  chief  town  of  Haute 
Auvergne.     18 

Autun,  Bishop  of  (Charles  Maurice  de 
Talleyrand-Perigord),  Prince  of  Be- 
neveuto  (1754 — 1838),  agent-general 
of  the  French  clergy  in  1780 ;  bishop 
of  Autun  in  1788 ;  member  of  the 
States  General ;  celebrated  mass  at  the 
Fete  of  the  federation,  July  14, 1790; 
asserted  the  civil  constitution  of  the 
clergy;  executor  of  Mirabeau;  sent 
as  envoy  to  Loudon  ;  minister  of 
foreign  affairs  1797,  1799,  1825; 
ambassador  to  London  1830.  47, 
48,  51,  60,  73,  75,  82,  83,  95,  98, 
140,  147,  148,  149,  158,  162,  167, 
168,  176,  191 

Auxerre  in  the  N.  W.  corner  of 
Burgundy,  formerly  capital  of  the 
county  of  Auxerre;  bought  by 
Charles  V.  in  1370;  given  by  the 
Treaty  of  Arras  1435  to  the  Duke  of 
Burgundy;  and  finally  joined  to 
France  in  1477.     63 

Avesnes,  a  frontier  fortress  in  Hainault, 
taken  by  the  Russians  in  1814,  and 
by  the  Prussians  in  1815.     19 

Avignon,  Avenio,  capital  of  the  Cavari, 
on  the  Ehone.  It  was  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Aries,  and  afterwards 
became  an  imperial  town  governed 
by  consuls  but  did  homage  to  the 
Marquises  of  Provence,  Counts  of 
Toulouse.    The  Pope  settled  there 


in  1309  and  Clement  VI.  bought  it 
from  Joanna  of  Naples  in  1348 ;  when 
the  Pope  returned  to  Rome  in  1376 
Avignon  and  the  Venaissin  were 
governed  by  papal  legates  down  to 
1791.  7,  50,  76,  83,  84,  89,  90,  123, 
126,  183 

Bailly,  M.  (Jean  Sylvaiu),  1736—1793, 
a  man  of  great  literary  and  scientific 
distinction,  member  of  the  Academic 
des  sciences  1763  ;  of  the  French 
Academy  1784;  member  of  the 
States  General  for  Paris  ;  President 
of  the  Constituent  Assembly  1789; 
mayor  of  Paris  July  16,  1789 — Nov. 
18, 1791.  Guillotined  Nov.  10, 1793. 
His  chief  work  is  the  history  of 
Astronomy.  7,  8,  9,  15,  17,  22,  37, 
64,  80,  125,  173 

Bale,  the  ancient  seat  of  a  Prince 
Bishop;  it  became  a  free  town  in 
1527  ;  and  was  joined  to  France  in 
May,  1793.     334,  335,  341,  358 

Balfour,  M.     93 

Bannes,  a  castle  in  the  Ardeche. 
200 

Bapaume,  a  town  ■  on  the  frontier  of 
Artois,  ceded  to  France  by  Spain  at 
the  Treaty  of  the  Pyrenees.     284 

Bar-le-duc,  in  Lorraine  on  the  river 
Ornain.     24,  235,  247 

Barmond,  Abbt;,  deputy  of  the  clergy 
to  the  States  General;  opposed  the 
union  of  tlie  Three  Orders;  emigrated; 
was  taken  with  Bonne-Savardin  at 
Chfilons  sur  Marne ;  was  tried  at  the 
Chatelet  but  acquitted.     21 

Barnave,  M.  (Antoine  Pierre  Joseph- 
Marie),  1761—1793,  deputy  from 
Dauphin6  to  the  States  General. 
The  best  orator  after  Mirabeau ; 
tried  to  reconcile  the  court  with  the 
constitutional  party ;  guillotined 
Nov.  28,  1793.  25,  46,  55,  56,  68, 
78,  79,  83,  87,  98,  101,  106,  114, 
122 

Barrere  (Bertrand  Barere  de  Vieuzac), 
1755 — 1841,  deputy  to  the  States 
General ;  presided  over  the  assembly 
Dec.  1,  1792  when  the  execution 
of  the  king  was  decreed  ;  member  of 
the  comite  de  salut  public ;  supported 
the  Terror;  was  member  of  the 
conseil  gen6ral  des  Hautes  Pyr^n^es 
till  1840.     360,  367,  370 

Barthelemy,  Francois  Marquis  de, 
1747 — 1830,  a  distinguished  diplo- 
matist ;  negotiated  the  peace  of  Bdle 
in  1795.  146,  158,  160,  177,  215, 
236,  336 


INDEX. 


379 


Bastia,  on  the  east  coast  of  Corsica, 
capital  of  Corsica  under  the  Genoese. 
100,  367,  370 
Bastille,  The  ;  the  fortress  standing  at 
the  end  of  the  Rue  St  Antoine  in 
1789.  Begun  1369  ;  finished  1382  ; 
captured  July  14,  1789 ;  and  entirely 
destroyed.  6.  7 
Bauchman,  Major  of  the  Swiss  Guards. 

228 
Bavay  in  Hainault  became  French  in 

1678.     204,  206 
Bayonne,  a  sea-port  of  Guienne  on  the 
Adour  in  the  South  of  France.     256, 
359 
Beaulieu,  General,  John  Peter  Baron 
de,  1725—1819,    born   in   Brabant; 
fought  in  the  seven  years  war,  in  the 
revolutionary     war,      and     against 
NaiJoleon    who   beat  him   at   Min- 
tenotte  and  Lodi.     180,  193 
Befort  or  Belfort,  part  of  the  Sundgau 
belonging  to  Austria,  became  French 
in  1636.     41,  186 
Bellegarde,  a  fortress  in  the  Pyrenees 
near   the   Col   des  Pertus,   between 
Perpignan  and  Figueras ;  taken  by 
the  Spaniards  in  1793 ;  retaken  by 
Dugommier  in  1794.     359 
Bellevue,  a  village  between  Sevres  and 
Meudon,  with  a  country  house  built 
by  Madame  de  Pompadour  in  1748, 
and  destroyed  in  the  Eevolution.   63, 
804 
Belport,  M. ,  a  spy.     156 
Berenger,  M.,  French  minister  at  the 

diet  of  Ratisbon.     144 
Bergen    (Bergheim),    a   town    on    the 
road    from    Erkelens    to    Cologne. 
262 
Berkenrod,  M.  de,  Dutch  ambassador. 

218 
Bernard  de  Saintes  (Adrieu  Antoine), 
so  called  because  he  was  president  of 
the    tribunal   of   Saintes    in    1791 ; 
member  of  the  legislature,  and  the 
Convention ;   he  was  imiDrisoucd  in 
1793  but  was  amnestied  ;  he  went  to 
America   in    1816,    and  died  there. 
370 
Berne,  capital  of  Switzerland.     357 
Bernis,  Cardinal  de  (Francois  Joachim 
de  Pierrcs  de),  1715—1794  ;  favoured 
by  Madame  de  Pompadour ;  acade- 
mician 1744;  ambassador  at  Venice 
and  Rome;  lost  everything  by  refusing 
to  take  the  oath  in  1791  ;  lived  upon 
a  pension   of  the    Spanish   govern- 
ment.    56 
Bertrand      de      MoUeville      (Antoine 
Francois  Marquis  de),   1744—1818; 


intendant  of  Brittany ;  minister  of 
Marine  1791 ;  after  August  10  took 
refuge  in  England ;  wrote  a  history 
of  the  Eevolution  and  memoirs.  10, 
127,  128,  161,  184,  186,  239 
Besangon,  a  town  on  the  Doubs, 
capital  of  Franche  Comtti ;  became 
French  in  1679.  344 
Bethune,    a  town  of  Artois   ceded  to 

France  in  1659.  284 
Bethune-Charost,  M.  de  (Armand 
Joseph  de  B6tliune,  due  de  Charost), 
1738 — 1800 ;  a  distinguished  soldier 
and  philanthropist ;  imprisoned 
under  the  Terror,  but  escaped.  171, 
175 
Beureyer,  M.,  is  probably  a  mis- 
take for  Beauharnais  (Alexandre 
Vicomte  de),  1760—1794;  born  at 
Martiuico;  married  JosciAine  Ta- 
scher  de  la  Pagerie  who  afterwards 
became  Empress ;  deputy  of  the 
nobility  to  the  States  General ;  sup- 
ported the  Revolution  ;  served  under 
Custine  ;  was  guillotined.  234 
Beurnonville  (Pierre  de  Ruel  Marquis 
de),  1752—1821 ;  minister  of  war  ; 
sent  to  arrest  Dumouriez ;  taken 
prisoner  and  remained  so  till  1795  ; 
joined  the  Bourbons ;  Marshal  of 
France  in  1816.  263 
Bicetre,  a  castle  outside  Paris  built  in 
the  thirteenth  century  by  John 
Bishop  of  Winchester ;  at  first  a 
hospital  for  invalid  soldiers,  then 
half  a  hospital  and  half  a  prison. 
Bicetre  is  said  to  be  a  corruption  of 
Winchester.  309 
Bidermann,  M.,  banker.  192 
Bigot  de  Sainte-Croix,  M.  de,  minister 

to  the  Elector  of  Treves.  144,  206 
Billaud-Varennes  (Jacques  Nicolas), 
1756—1819;  a  member  of  the 
Jacobin  Club,  and  of  the  Convention ; 
one  of  tbe  leaders  of  the  Terror ; 
exiled  to  Cayenne  in  1795.  320 
Biron  (Armand  Louis  de  Gontaut), 
(1747 — 1793),  first  Due  de  Lauzun, 
then  Due  de  Gontaut-Biron ;  deputy 
of  the  nobility  of  Quercy  to  tbe  States 
General ;  partisan  of  the  Duke  of 
Orleans ;  emi^loyed  against  Mons  and 
in  La  Vendee  ;  guillotined  December 
31,  1793.  44,  149,  150,  177,  178, 
180,  194,  202,  221 
Bitche,  a  small  fortress  in  Lorraine 
attacked  without  success  by  the 
Prussians  in  1793.  3(')9 
Blaucheland,  M.  (Philibert  Francois 
Rouxel  de),  1735—1793;  governor 
of  San  Domingo ;  brought  to  France 


380 


INDEX. 


and  imprisoned  after  August  10. 
90,  160 

Blumendorf,  cbarg^  d'affaires  of  the 
Court  of  Vienna:     176,  179,  184 

Bombelles  (Marc  Marie  Marquis  de), 
born  1744  ;  ambassador  at  Lisbon 
and  at  Venice ;  emigrated ;  became 
a  priest  in  1792,  and  in  1819  bishop 
of  Amiens.  Before  the  Eevolution 
he  married  two  wives,  one  by  tlie 
protestant,  the  other  by  the  catholic 
ritual.     76 

Bonchage,  M.  de,  Le  Vicomte  Dubou- 
chage,  born  1750 ;  minister  of 
Marine  and  Foreign  Affairs  in  1792 ; 
emigrated  ;  minister  of  Marine  under 
Louis  XVIII.     202 

Bonne-Carrere  (Guillaume) ,  born  1754 ; 
president  of  the  Societe  des  Amis  de 
la  Constitution;  expelled  from  the 
Jacobin  Club  in  1791 ;  director 
general  of  foreign  affairs  in  1792. 
75,  76,  147 

Bonne- Savardin,  Le  Chevalier  de,  a 
Sardinian  officer  who  opposed  the 
Eevolution.  In  1790  he  became 
intermediary  of  a  correspondence 
between  the  Comte  de  Maille- 
bois  and  the  Count  of  Turin ;  he 
was  imprisoned  and  escaped,  but 
was  taken  at  Chalons  sur  Marne, 
July  29,  1790 ;  was  tried  at  Orleans 
in  1791  and  acquitted.     17,  21 

Borde,  M.  la,  F.  L.  J.  de  Laborde 
Mer(5ville,  son  of  the  court  banker ; 
deputy  of  Etampes  to  the  States 
General ;  retired  to  England  and  died 
in  London  1801.     150 

Bordeaux,  capital  of  Guyenne;  be- 
came French  in  1453.  26,  198, 
237,  318,  319,  324,  343 

Bouchotte  (Jean  Baptiste  Noel),  1754 — 
1840 ;  captain  of  cavalry  in  1789  ; 
Minister  of  War  after  Beurnon- 
ville  until  April  1,  1794 ;  a  man  of 
high  character,  lived  in  retirement 
at  Metz.     320 

Bougainville  (Louis  Antoine  de),  1729 — 
1814 ;  the  celebrated  navigator, 
travelled  in  the  South  Seas  1766 — 
1768  ;  created  Senator  and  Count 
by  Napoleon.     40,  60,  125 

Bouill6,  M.  de  (Francois  Claude  Amour 
Marquis  de),  1739—1800;  fought  in 
the  seven  years  war,  governor  of 
Alsace,  Lorraine  and  the  three 
Bishoprics  till  1791 ;  after  the  failure 
of  the  flight  to  Varennes  he  retired 
to  England  and  wrote  memoirs. 
19,  24,  29,  30,  31,  41,  97,  98,  100, 
101,  110,  115,  376 


Boulay,  a  town  in  Lorraine  near  Metz. 
240,  245 

Bourbon,  Fort,  the  capital  of  Martinico, 
now  called  Fort  de  France,  or  Fort 
Eoyal.     86. 

Bourdon  de  I'Oise  (Francois  Louis),  a 
member  of  the  Convention,  attacked 
the  Girondists ;  defended  the  Terror ; 
aided  in  the  fall  of  Eobespierre; 
exiled  after  18  Fructidor  and  died  in 
1797. 

Bourget,  Le,  a  port  between  SenUs  and 
Paris.     285 

Bourgoing,  Jean  Francois  Baron  de, 
1748—1811;  a  distinguished  diplo- 
matist.    147,  154,  172 

Bouvignes,  a  town  close  to  Dinan  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse.     182 

Brailow,  a  fortress  in  Eoumania  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Danube ;  also 
called  Braila  and  Thaila ;  declared  a 
free  port  in  1836.     86 

Brasseur,  M.  le  (J.  A.),  1745—1794; 
intendant  of  San  Domingo  ;  chosen 
as  minister  of  Marine  in  1792,  but 
La  Coste  was  appointed  instead ; 
condemned  to  death  June  15,  1794. 
125 

Brest,  in  Basse  Bretagne,  the  chief  war 
port  of  France ;  erected  by  Colbert. 
12,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  40,  42,  44, 
53,  60,  72,  79,  198,  203,  262,  267, 
364 

Breteuil,  Louis  Auguste  le  Tonnelier 
Baron  de,  1733 — 1807  ;  ambassador 
at  various  courts ;  minister  of  state 
1783  ;  opposed  the  States  General ; 
succeeded  Necker;  emigrated;  treat- 
ed on  behalf  of  the  king  with  foreign 
powers  ;  returned  to  France  in  1802. 
115 

Briche,  M.,  arrested  with  Prince  Victor 
BrogUe.     240 

Brienne,  Cardinal  de  (Etienne  Charles 
de  Lomuniede  Brienne)  (1727 — 1794), 
archbishop  of  Toulouse  1763 ;  aca- 
demician 1770 ;  friend  of  Turgot ; 
succeeded  Calonne  as  finance  mini- 
ster 1787 ;  chief  minister  the  same 
year  ;  Bishop  of  Sens  1788—1794  ; 
summoned  the  States  General  1789  ; 
resigned  August  25  ;  made  cardinal 
December  15  ;  took  the  civic  oath  ; 
arrested  at  Sens  November  9,  1793 
and  died  soon  afterwards.  56,  63, 
70,  73,  75,  121,  125 

Brissac,  de  (M.  Louis  Hercule  Timoleon 
deCosse,ducdeBrissac),  1734—1792; 
captain-colonel  of  the  Swiss  Guard, 
and  governor  of  Paris ;  refused  to 
emigrate ;     imprisoned  at    Orleans 


INDEX. 


381 


and  massacred  at  Versailles.  130, 
187,  239 

Brissot  (Jean  Pierre),  1754—1793,  born 
at  Warville  near  Chartres ;  of  humble 
origin  ;  member  of  the  legislatm'e 
and  of  the  Convention ;  was  i^ro- 
scribed  with  the  Girondists,  and  was 
guillotined  with  them  October  31, 
1793.  124,  141,  149,  203,  278,  287, 
366,  369 

Brittany  became  French  in  1532.  57, 
59,  61,  65 

Broglie,  Marechal  de  (Victor  Francis, 
due  de  Broglie),  1718—1804;  was 
made  Marshal  of  France  in  the 
seven  years  war  ;  minister  of  war  in 
1789  and  commanded  the  Emigres  in 
1792.     73 

Broglie,  Prince  de  (Claude  Victor), 
1757 — 1794 ;  fought  in  America  ;  de- 
puty to  the  States  General  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Constituent  Assembly  ; 
condemned  to  death  by  the  revolu- 
tionary tribunal  June  27,  1794. 
73,  195,  240 

Brune, General  (Guillaume  MarieAnne), 
1763 — 1815 ;  founder  of  the  Cordeliers 
Club ;  entered  the  army  1792 ;  served 
under  Napoleon  and  became  Marshal 
of  France ;  murdered  by  the  populace 
at  Avignon.     275 

Brunswick-Liineburg  (Charles  William 
Ferdinand,  Duke  of]  1735 — 1806; 
generalissimo  of  the  Austrian  and 
Prussian  troops  invading  France  in 
1792;  resigned  in  1794;  mortally 
wounded  in  the  campaign  of  Jena 
1806.  206,  214,  217,  233,  235,  238, 
243,  246,  254 

Brunswick,  the  capital  of  the  Duchy  of 
the  same  name.     60,  265 

Bruxelles,  capital  of  the  Duchy  of 
Brabant  on  the  Senne,  taken  by  the 
French  in  1746  and  1792.     265 

Buzot,  M.  (Frauvois  Nicolas  Leonard), 
1760—1793;  member  of  the  States 
General;  one  of  the  heads  of  the 
Girondist  party ;  poisoned  himself 
with  Petiou ;  was  found  half  eaten 
by  wolves.     90,  108 

Cahier  de  Gerville,  a  lawyer ;  sent  to 
Nancy  in  1790;  minister  of  the  in- 
terior from  Nov.  27,  1791,  to  Feb. 
18,  1792.  139,  155,  161 
Cailhaisson,  M.,  tinancicr.  169 
Calonnc  (Charles  Alexander  de),  1734— 
1802  ;  controller  general  of  tiuances 
1783 ;  convoked  the  Notables  in  1787 ; 
exiled  by  the  King  to  Lorraine  ;  with- 
drew to  England ;  assisted  the  Emi- 


gres at  Coblentz ;  returned  to  France 
a  month  before  his  death.  43,  52, 
62,  145 

Cambon  (Joseph),  1754 — 1820  ;  mem- 
ber of  the  legislature,  and  of  the 
Convention;  erected  the  r/j-a/id  livrc 
of  the  public  debt.     169 

Camus  (Armand  Gaston),  1740 — 1804, 
deputy  from  Paris  to  the  States 
General;  strict  Jansenist;  one  of 
those  sent  to  arrest  Dumouriez  and 
imprisoned  by  the  Austrians.  6, 
252 

Capes,  M.,  commissary  of  arms  and 
ammunition.     234 

Carnot  (Lazare  Nicolas  Marguerite, 
comte),  1753 — 1823;  a  brilliant 
officer  of  engineers  ;  deputy  to  the 
legislature,  and  the  Convention ; 
voted  the  death  of  Louis  XVI.; 
member  of  the  Comite  de  Salut 
Public ;  took  no  part  in  the  Terror ; 
was  the  chief  author  of  the  new 
military  tactics  and  organization 
which  caused  the  triumph  of  the 
revolutionary  armies ;  died  in  exile. 
369 

Carpentras,  capital  of  the  Comtat  Ve- 
naissin  which  belonged  to  the  Popes 
from  1274  to  1791.  Carpentras  re- 
mained faithful  to  the  Pope.  50, 
53,  54,  85,  86,  89,  92 

Carra  (Jean  Louis),  1743—1793;  pub- 
lished with  Mercier  the  Annales  Pa- 
triotiiiues,  and  the  Journal  de  1'  Em- 
pire et  de  Citoyen ;  a  leader  of  the 
Jacobins ;  member  of  tlie  Convention; 
fell  with  the  Giroudins ;  executed 
Nov.  1,  1793.     184 

Carthagena,  a  seai^ort  town  on  the 
coast  of  Murcia  in  Spain.     41 

Castelnaudary,  Castellum  Novum  Aria- 
norum,  a  town  in  Languedoc.     8 

Castries  (Armand  Charles  Augustin, 
due  de),  1756 — 1842;  member  of  the 
States  General ;  fought  a  duel  with 
Charles  de  Lameth;  son  of  the 
Marquis  de  Castries,  marechal  de 
France.     43 

Cavaillon,  a  town  of  the  Venaissin, 
once  a  bishopric.     50 

Cayenne,  an  island  in  French  Guyana. 
57, 247 

Cazales,  M.  (Jacques  Antoine  Marie  de), 
1758—1806;  deputy  of  the  nobihty 
to  the  States  General ;  opposed  the 
union  of  the  Tliree  Orders;  defended 
the  royal  authority  in  the  Consti- 
tuante;  left  Paris  after  August  10, 
and  assisted  the  eniigrds ;  refused  to 
serve  under  Napoleon.     25,  79,  101 


382 


INDEX. 


Cernon,  M.,  Baron  de  Cernoii-Pinte- 
ville ;  dei^uty  of  Chalons  sur  Marue  to 
the  Constituante  ;  spoke  against  the 
division  of  France  into  departments. 
74 

Cette,  a  town  in  Langiiedoc  founded 
by  Louis  XIV.  1666—1678.     21 

Cevennes,  a  chain  of  mountains  in  the 
S.E.  of  France.     65 

Chabot  (Francois),  1759—1794,  son  of 
a  cook;  a  Capuchin  ;  member  of  the 
legislature  and  the  Convention  ;  be- 
longed to  the  extreme  left ;  guillo- 
tined April  5,  1794.     237,  243 

Chaillot,  a  village  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Seine,  joined  to  Paiis  in  1659. 
99 

Chalons  sur  Marne,  a  town  in  Cham- 
pagne. 21,  216,  233,  235,  236,  241, 
242,  248,  250,  254 

Chambery,  the  capital  of  Savoy.  20, 
262—273 

Chambonas  (Marquis  de) ;  minister  of 
foreign  affairs  June,  1792 ;  went  to 
England  after  August  10,  where  he 
gained  his  living  as  jeweller  and 
watchmaker.  He  died  in  London 
very  poor  1807.     193 

Champion,  M.  (de  Villeneuve),  son  of 
a  royal  valet ;  minister  of  the  In- 
terior July,  1792.     202 

Chandernagor,  a  town  in  Bengal  not 
far  from  Calcutta ;  belonged  to 
France  from  1676—1688;  taken  by 
the  English  in  1757 ;  restored  in 
1763 ;  since  that  time  alternately 
taken  and  restored.     52 

Chantilly,  a  property  belonging  first  to 
the  Montmorency  family,  then  1632 
to  the  house  of  Conde,  since  1830  to 
the  Due  d'Aumale.     59 

Chapariellan,  a  place  in  Savoy  or 
Piedmont  not  identified.     243 

Chapelier  (Jean  Eene  Gui  le),  1754 — 
1792;  deputy  of  the  Tiers  Etat;  a 
distinguished  member  of  the  Giron- 
dist party;  guillotined.     102 

Chapelle  en  Serval,  a  post  between 
Senlis  and  Paris.     285 

Charles  II.,  King  of  England,  1660— 
1685.     2 

Charleville,  a  town  in  Champagne; 
founded  by  Charles  of  Gonzaga  due 
de  Nevers  in  1606.     19,  236 

Charton,  M.,  French  general;  com- 
manded at  Aix ;  named  mar(5chal  du 
camp  at  Soissons ;  was  killed  in  the 
battle  of  Castellaro  Sept.  1796.     234 

Chatelet,  M.  de,  Colonel  of  the  Kegimeut 
du  Eoy.     30 

Chatelet,  the  Grand  ChStelet,  a  fortress 


on  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine ;  was 
destroyed  in  1802  ;  it  was  the  seat  of 
the  ordinary  royal  justice,  and  was 
also  a  prison.     24,  34,  45 

Chaton,  M.,  commanded  the  National 
Guard  Oct.  1791.     129 

Chauvelin  (Francois  Bernard,  Marquis 
de),  1766—1832.  When  the  Eevo- 
lution  broke  out  was  master  of  the 
King's  wardrobe  ;  ambassador  in 
London  1790 — 1793  ;  on  his  return 
to  France  imprisoned  for  eleven 
months  ;  held  many  i^ublic  ai^point- 
ments.     167,  168,  176 

Chazot,  General,  commanded  a  division 
under  Dumouriez  in  1792.  247, 
249 

Cherbourg,  a  town  of  the  COteutin 
in  Basse  Normandie.  A  great  war 
port  opposite  Portsmouth ;  the  sea 
wall,  begun  in  1783  under  Louis 
XVI.,  was  finished  in  1853  under 
Napoleon  III.     48,  205 

Chipy  (Cheppy),  a  village  close  to 
Varennes.     376 

Choiseul  (Claude  Antoine  Gabriel,  due 
de),  1760 — 1838,  made  due  et  pair 
1787  ;  helped  to  .prepare  the  flight 
of  the  Eoyal  family  to  Varennes  in 
1791  ;  was  imprisoned  at  Verdun 
and  at  Orleans ;  emigrated  after 
September  1792 ;  was  made  peer  of 
France  at  the  restoration ;  was  aide- 
de-camp  to  Louis  Philippe.     100 

Choiseul-Gouf&er  (Marie  Gabriel  Flo- 
rent  Auguste,  comte  de) ,  1752—1817 ; 
travelled  in  Greece;  ambassador  to 
Constantinople  in  1784 ;  refused  the 
embassy  to  England  1791 ;  retired  to 
Eussia  in  1792;  retmned  to  France 
in  1802;  left  his  antiquities  to  the 
Louvre.     86,  144 

Clairfait,  General  (Francis  Sebastian 
Charles  Joseph  de  Croix,  comte  de 
Clerfayt),  1733—1798;  a  Belgian; 
general  in  the  Austrian  Service; 
fought  in  the  seven  years  war,  against 
the  Turks,  and  in  the  invasion  of 
France;  was  siiperseded  by  Archduke 
Charles  in  1796.     245 

Claviere  (Etienne),  1735— 1793;  born  at 
Geneva  ;  made  a  fortune  at  Paris  as 
a  financier ;  a  friend  of  Mnabeau ; 
joined  the  Girondins;  killed  himself 
in  prison  December  8,  1793.  162, 
163,  167,  190,  191,  208 

Clermont  en  Argonne,  capital  of  a 
country  ceded  to  France  at  the  Treaty 
of  the  Pyrenees  1609,  and  given  at  a 
later  date  to  the  House  of  Conde, 
233 


INDEX. 


383 


Clermont-Tonncrre  (Stanislas,  comte 
de),  1747—1792;  grandson  of  the 
marshal;  deputy  of  the  nobility  to 
the  States  General ;  president  of  the 
Constituante ;  founded  the  Society 
des  Amis  de  la  Monarchie ;  massacred 
by  the  mob  after  Augast  10.    53,  208 

Clermontois,  a  county  adjacent  to  the 
Bishopric  of  Beauvais  N.E.  of  Paris; 
had  counts  since  the  tenth  century ; 
was  given  in  1250  by  Louis  IX.  to 
his  sixth  son  Robert.     71 

Clichy  la  Garenne,  a  village  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Seine  close  to  St  Denis. 
234 

Clootz  (Jean  Baptiste,  Baron  de),  called 
Anacharsis;  1755  —  1794;  very  rich; 
posed  as  the  apostle  of  universal 
philanthroiDy ;  proclaimed  himself 
in  1790  the  orator  of  the  human  race, 
and  in  1792  the  personal  enemy  of 
God  ;  was  made  a  French  citizen  ; 
guillotined  March  23,  1794.     142 

Clostercamp,  a  town  in  Rhenish  Prussia 
not  far  from  Diisseldorf.     274 

Coblence,  a  town  formerly  belonging 
to  theelectorof  Treves;  attlie  junction 
of  the  Moselle  and  the  Rhine ;  a 
favourite  seat  of  the  emigres.     206 

Coignie,  Chevalier  de  (Due  de  Coigny), 
died  1821 ;  dejDuty  of  the  nobility  to 
the  States  General ;  emigrated  in 
1792 ;  returned  to  France  in  1814 ; 
made  marshal  of  France.  Ill,  113, 
115 

Collioure,  a  fortified  town  in  the  Eastern 
Pyrenees;  taken  by  the  Spanish  in 

1793,  and  retaken  by  Dugommier  in 

1794.  359 

Collot  d'Herbois  (Jean  Marie),  come- 
dian,1750— 1796;  memberof  the  Con- 
vention ;  attacked  the  Gkondists ; 
member  of  the  Committee  of  Public 
Safety ;  president  of  the  Convention 
on  Therniidor  9 ;  transported  to 
Guyana  April  1795,  where  he  died 
of  yellow  fever.  253,  360,  865,  369, 
870 

Colmar,  a  town  in  Haute  Alsace ;  taken 
by  Louis  XIV.  in  1673.     59,  65 

Colniin,  Captain,  commanding  the  ship 
Emmanuel.     168,  189 

Compiegne,  a  town  in  the  lie  de  France 
celebrated  for  its  royal  chateau.     96 

Comtat,  le,  the  Comtat  Vcnaissin,  some- 
times erroneously  called  the  Comtat 
d'Avignon,  called  after  Venasque 
which  was  the  capital  before  Car- 
pentras.  It  belonged  to  the  popes 
from  1274  to  1791.  See  Carpentras. 
83,  84,  90,  93,  123,  126 


Conchy  (Chouchy  les  Pots),  a  post  be- 
tween Roye  and  Pont  S'  Maxeuce. 
285 

Conde  (Louis  Joseph  de  Bourbon, 
Prince  de),  1736—1818;  was  the 
first  to  emigrate  after  the  capture  of 
the  Bastille  ;  founded  an  army  of 
emigres ;  took  refuge  in  England  in 
1801  and  returned  to  France  with 
Louis  XVni.  21,24,43,48,49,51, 
52,  59,  60,  62,  65,  70,  71,  79,  85,  92, 
94,  95,  114,  145,  336 

Consaarbruck,  a  village  on  the  Sarre, 
a  short  distance  from  Treves.  263, 
264 

Conway,  Mr,  returns  from  the  lie  de 
France.    46 

Cordeliers  (Club  des),  a  political  club 
founded  in  1790 ;  its  chiefs  were 
Danton,  Camille  Desmoulins,  Marat, 
Hebert  and  Chaumette.  It  was  the 
first  to  demand  the  overthrow  of  the 
King,  to  establish  the  power  of  the 
commune,  and  to  attack  the  Giron- 
dists. After  the  destruction  of  the 
Hebertists  and  the  Dantonists  it 
coalesced  with  the  Jacobins.     360 

Cordon,  Abbe,  Comte  de,  a  relation  of 
the  Sardinian  minister.     10 

Corff,  Baronne  de,  the  Russian  lady 
in  whose  name  the  passport  was 
made  out  under  which  the  Royal 
family  escaped  to  Varennes.     100 

Corsica,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
finally  joined  to  France  15  May — 15 
August,  1768 ;  it  tried  to  place  itself 
under  England,  1794—1796.     102 

Court,  M.  de,  a  gentleman  from  the 
West  Indies  who  dropped  a  dagger  in 
the  Queen's  apartment  on  the  Jour- 
nee  des  Poignards,  Feb.  28,  1791. 
In  the  Tableaux  Historiques  de  la 
Revolution  he  is  called  apparently 
the  Marquis  de  Curl.     66 

Courtray,  a  town  on  the  Lys  taken  by 
the  French  in  1643,  1646,  1679, 
1683, 1744,  1792  and  1794.     194 

Couthon  (Georges),  1756 — 1794;  mem- 
ber of  the  legislature  and  of  the 
Convention ;  a  close  follower  of 
Robespierre;  guillotined  with  him 
13  Therniidor,  an  ii.  (July  28,  1794). 
320,  360,  365 

Crevelt,  a  to\vn  near  Diisseldorf; 
founded  by  the  Protestant  refugees 
in  the  17th  century.     274 

Croix-aux-Bois,  La,  a  defile  of  the 
Ardennes;  a  short  distance  from 
Vouziers.     247 

Curt,  M. ,  deputy  of  Guadeloupe  to  the 
Constituent  Assembly.    21 


384 


INDEX. 


Custine  (Adam  Philippe,  comte  cle), 
1740 — 1793  ;  served  under  Eocham- 
beau  in  the  American  war;  com- 
manded the  amiy  of  the  Ehine  after 
Luckner ;  took  Mayence ;  guillotined. 
181,  189,  194,  205,  258,  262,  264, 
266,  274,  279 

Cuvilly,  a  post  between  Eoye  and  Pont 
S'  Maxence.     285 

Damas,  M.  de,  governor  of  Martinico. 
42,  53 

Damas  (JoseiDh Francois  Louis  Charles, 
comte  de),  fought  in  the  American 
war ;  was  arrested  at  Varennes ;  emi- 
grated; became  duke  in  1825,  and 
died  in  1829.     100 

Dampier  (Dampierre),  a  village  near 
S"-'  Menehould.     254 

Danton  (Georges  Jacques),  1759 — 
1794 ;  founded  the  Club  of  the  Cor- 
deliers ;  as  minister  of  justice  organ- 
ized or  isermitted  the  massacres  of 
Sept.  1793 ;  lost  his  credit  after  the 
fall  of  the  Girondists  and  was  guil- 
lotined April  5,  1794.  109,  208,  216, 
252,  320,  362,  366,  369 

Darfort,  M.  de  (Durfort),  minister  at 
Florence  and  Venice.     76 

Dauphin,  The  (Louis  Charles  de  France) , 
born  March  27,  1785,  died  June  8, 
1795  ;  became  daiiphin  after  the  death 
of  his  brother  Louis  Joseph  in  1789. 
101,  102 

Dawson,  Mr,  an  English  subject  who 
complained  to  Lord  Gower.    49 

Defresney,  M.  (Dufresuey),  secretary 
of  the  Cardinal  de  Eohan.     68,  75 

Delasny,  General,  a  Spanish  general. 
248 

Delessart,  M.  (Antoine  de  Valdee  de 
Lessart),  1742—1792;  a  friend  of 
Necker ;  controller  general  in  1790 ; 
minister  of  the  interior  and  after- 
wards of  foreign  affairs ;  one  of  the 
Orleans  prisoners  murdered  at  Ver- 
sailles Sept.  9,  1792.  45,  54,  66,  68, 
239 

Denoue,  M.,  commander  of  the  Eegi- 
ment  du  Eoy  at  Nancy.     30 

Desilles,  M.,  born  1767  ;  on  August  31, 
1790,  during  the  insurrection  at 
Nancy,  he  threw  himself  in  front  of 
the  cannon  of  the  insurgents  pointed 
against  his  fellow-citizens,  but  was 
killed  in  the  attempt  to  prevent 
bloodshed.     57 

D'Esterno,  1739—1790,  minister  of 
France  at  Madrid.     36 

Deuxponts,  Duke  of  (Karl  August 
Christian),  1746—1795  ;  his  brother 


was  Maximilian  Joseph  1756—1825, 
succeeded  on  his  death;  he  became 
elector  of  Bavaria  Feb.  16,  1799,  and 
King  of  Bavaria  Dec.  26,  1805.    72 

de  Witt,  M.,  a  Dutch  patriot.     190 

Dietrich  (Philippe  Frederic,  Baron  de) 
1748—1793 ;  first  constitutional 
mayor  of  Strasbourg ;  a  learned 
mineralogist;  perished  on  the  scaf- 
fold.    162 

Dillon  (Thdobald,  comte  de),  1745— 
1792,  born  at  Dublin  ;  commander  of 
Lille ;  murdered  bj'  his  troops  April 
29,  1792.     180,  245 

Dorset  (John  Frederick  Sackville,  Duke 
of),  1744—1799,  succeeded  1769 ; 
ambassador  in  France  1784—1790. 
5 

Douai,  a  town  of  French  Flanders, 
finally  joined  to  France  in  1668; 
before  the  Eevolution  the  seat  of  a 
famous  university.     74,  112 

Drome,  la,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of 
France  formed  partly  from  Dauphin^ 
and  partly  from  Provence.     54 

Drouet  (Jean  Baptiste),  1763—1824; 
was  post-master  of  Sainte  Menehould 
in  1791 ;  arrested  the  king  at  Va- 
rennes ;  deputy  to  the  Convention ; 
was  favoured  under  the  Empire,  but 
proscribed  after  1815  ;  died  at  Macon 
under  the  name  of  Merger.  372, 
373 

Du  Barry  (Marie  Jeanne  Gomard  de 
Vaubernier,  comtesse  de),  1746 — 
1793 ;  mistress  of  Louis  XV.;  of 
humble  birth  ;  presented  at  court 
April  22,  1769 ;  went  to  England 
July  1792,  but  returned  ;  guillotined 
Dec.  8,  1793.     62 

Dubazet,  M.,  see  Aubert  du  Bayet 

Dubois  de  Crance  (Edmond  Louis 
Alexis),  1747—1814;  lieutenant  of 
the  marshals  in  1789 ;  deputy  to 
the  States  General ;  voted  the  death 
of  Louis  XVI.,  and  the  destruction 
of  the  Girondists ;  supported  the 
Directory  who  made  him  minister 
of  war  in  1799 ;  opposed  the  coup 
d'etat  of  Brumaire  18.     168 

Duchatelet,  Achille,  one  of  the  officers 
in  command  of  the  camp  at  Paris. 
234 

Dugommier  (Jean  Francois  Coquille), 
1736 — 1794  ;  born  at  Guadeloupe  ; 
represented  Martinico  in  the  Con- 
vention ;  took  Toulon  Dec.  1793 ; 
died  in  the  Catalonian  war  1794. 
328 

Dumas  (Mathieu  Comte),  1755—1837; 
served  under  Eochambeau  in  America ; 


INDEX. 


38= 


member  of  the  legislature  ;  exiled  by 
the  Convention ;  served  under  Na- 
poleon I.,  Jose25h  King  of  Naples,  the 
restoration,  and  the  government  of 
July.  His  memoirs  are  published. 
125 

Dumouriez  (Charles  Francis  Du- 
perier),  1739—1823;  fought  in  the 
seven  years  war  ;  minister  of  foreign 
affairs  March  15 — June  1792 ;  won 
thebattleof  JemappesNov.  6;  beaten 
at  Neeuwinden  March  18,  1793  ;  de- 
serted to  Austria  ;  died  in  England. 
162,  163,  164,  167,  171,  172,  178, 
188,  189,  190,  191,  192,  195,  216, 
224,  234,  236,  240,  244,  245,  247, 
249,  254,  262,  264,  266,  275,  276, 
366 

Duport  (Adrien),  1759—1798,  deputy 
of  the  nobility  to  the  States  General ; 
joined  the  Tiers  Etat ;  formed  a  tri- 
umvirate with  Barirave  and  Alexandre 
Lameth ;  paid  special  attention  to 
judicial  legislation  ;  escaped  after 
August  10,  1792;  died  at  AiDj^enzell 
in  Switzerland.     101,  168 

Duport-Dutertre  (Marguerite  Louis 
Francois),  1754 — 1793  ;  minister  of 
war  1790  ;  guillotined  with  Baruave 
Nov.  28,  1793.     45,  49,  90,  91 

Duportail,  M.  (N),  an  ofliccr  of  en- 
gineers; fought  in  America ;  minister 
of  war  in  1790 ;  concealed  himself 
during  the  Terror,  and  cscajjed,  but 
died  on  the  passage  from  America 
1802.  43,  50,  65,  73,  91,  105,  109, 
118,  120,  125,  129,  133,  140 

Duranteau  (Duranton),  1736 — 1793; 
minister  of  justice  in  March  1792; 
guillotined  Dec.  20,  1793.  166,  173, 
193,  199 

Duveyrier  (Honor^  Nicolas  Marie), 
boi'n  1753;  a  distinguished  advocate; 
sent  in  1796  to  appease  the  troubles 
at  Nancy ;  imprisoned  in  1792,  and 
just  escaped  being  massacred ;  held 
various  appointments  under  the  con- 
sulate and  the  empire.    106, 110,  111 

Ecluse,  L',  a  fortress  on  tlic  Rhone  not 
far  from  Bellegarde  on  the  frontier 
of  France  and  Switzerland.     185 

Ecouen,  the  chateau  was  built  by  the 
constable  Montmorency.     285 

Elizabeth  (Philippine  Marie  Helene  de 
France,  madame),  1764 — 1794 ;  sister 
of  Louis  XVI.;  a  pure,  brave  and 
excellent  character ;  guillotined  May 
9,  1794.     197 

Elliot,  Hugh,  The  Honble.,  brother  of 
the  first  Lord  Minto  ;  1752—1830  ;  a 

G.  C. 


distinguished  diplomatist;  sent  by 
Pitt  on  a  secret  mission  to  Mirabeau. 
38,  40 

Emmery,  M.  (Jean  Louis  Claude,  comte 
de  Grozyeulx),  born  1752;  deputy 
from  Metz  to  the  States  General ; 
retired  into  private  life  after  August 
10,  1792,  but  was  employed  under 
the  consulate.     109 

Ephraim,  a  Jew  employed  by  the  King 
of  Prussia ;  a  Jew  of  that  name  was 
employed  by  Frederick  the  Great  to 
coin  false  money  in  1759.    107,  109, 

Epinal,  a  town  in  Lorraine  in  the  Vosges 
district.     372 

Epresmenil  (Jean  Jacques  Duval  d'), 
1746 — 1794;  opposed  the  king  iu 
l^arliament ;  as  deput}'  of  the  noblesse 
to  the  States  General  defended  the 
ancien  regime ;  after  August  10,  re- 
turned to  Havre ;  condemned  to 
death  April  21,  1794,  and  guillo- 
tined.    204 

Estaing  (Charles  Henri,  comte  d'), 
1729—1794;  served  iu  India  and 
America ;  member  of  the  assembly 
of  notables  in  1787 ;  admiral  1792 ; 
guillotined  1794.     37 

Estampes,  a  town  in  the  Bearne  ;  part 
of  the  domain  of  the  House  of  Capet. 
159 

Exilles,  a  fortress  in  Piedmont,  not 
far  from  Susa.     367 

Expilly  (Jean  JoseiA,  abbe  d'),  1719 — 
1793 ;  a  great  traveller  and  geo- 
grapher.    48 

Ezmar  (Abbe  d'Eymard),  deputy  from 
Alsace  to  the  Constituante.     68 

Fabre  d'Eglantine  (Pliilippe  Francois 
Noyau-e),  1755 — 1794;  poetand writer 
of  comedies  ;  called  after  the  flower 
with  which  lie  was  crowned  at  the 
floral  games ;  Danton's  secretary  ; 
member  for  Paris  to  the  Convention ; 
projiosed  the  maximum,  and  the 
rei)ublican  calendar;  guillotined  April 
5,  1794.     325 

Fauchet  (Claude),  1744—1793  ;  priest, 
led  the  people  to  the  attack  of  the 
Bastille  ;  made  constitutional  bishop 
of  Calvados  in  1791 ;  member  of  the 
legislative  and  the  Convention ; 
perished  on  the  scaffold  with  the 
Girondists  October  31,  1793.  124, 
108,  255 

Feuctrange,  Fenestrange,  or  Finstriu- 
gen,  a  town  in  Lorraine.     02 

Fernan-Nunez,  M.  de,  ambassador  of 
Spain  at  Paris.     9,  10,  22 

25 


386 


INDEX. 


Ferrieres,  M. ,  commanded  some  troops 
at  A\'ignoii  at  the  time  of  the  mas- 
sacres.    131 

Fersen  (Axel,  Count  of),  1750—1810  ; 
colonel  of  the  regiment  Boijal  Sue- 
doi^  in  France ;  prepared  and  assist- 
ed the  flight  of  the  Idng  to  Varennes 
in  1791 ;  murdered  by  the  populace 
at  Stocldiolm  in  1810.     100 

FeuiUans  (Club  des) ;  when  the  Club 
Breton  became  the  Club  des  Jacobins, 
the  Club  des  Feuillans  was  establish- 
ed for  those  who  wished  to  maintain 
the  constitution.  La  Fayette  and 
Bailly  were  at  its  head.  It  dis- 
appeared after  August  10,  1792.  It 
derived  its  name  from  the  convent 
in  which  the  sittings  were  held.    145 

Fini,  Claude,  alias  Chameron.     50,  60 

Fitzherbert,  Mr  Allejue,  afterwards 
Lord  St  Helens;  English  ambassador 
to  the  Court  of  Spain.     9,  "21 

Fleurien  (Charles  Pierre  Claret,  comte 
de  Fleurieu),  1738—1810 ;  took  part 
as  sailor  in  the  seven  years  war  ; 
director  of  ports  and  arsenals  in 
1776 ;  directed  the  naval  war  in 
America  1778 — 1783 ;  made  minister 
of  marine  1790;  governor  of  the 
dauphin  1792  ;  imprisoned  after  the 
king's  death ;  senator  under  the 
Empire.     40,  77,  78,  85 

Florian  (Jean  Pierre  Claris  de),  1755 — 
1794  ;  became  academician  in  1788  ; 
published  Fables  in  1792.     308 

Florida  Blanca  (Don  Jos^  Monina, 
Count  of),  1728—1808  ;  ambassador 
of  Spain  to  Pope  Clement  XIV. ; 
minister  of  foreign  affairs ;  imprison- 
ed and  exiled  by  Godoy  in  1792.  9, 
24 

Fonches,  a  post  between  Peronne  and 
Eoye.     285 

Fontainebleau,  a  town  in  the  pays  de 
Gat ;  seat  of  a  royal  palace  built  by 
Francis  I.,  Henri  II.  and  Henri  IV. 
63,  65 

Fontenay  aux  Eoses,  a  village  close 
to  Sceaux  and  not  far  from  Paris. 
301 

Fouche,  Sunon,  born  1772  ;  a  resident 
at  Varennes  where  he  witnessed  the 
arrest  of  the  king.     372 

Fouquier  -  Tinville  (Antoine  Quentin), 
1747 — 1795;  irablic  prosecutor  at  the 
revolutionary  tribunal  of  1793  ;  he 
was  condemned  to  death  and  exe- 
cuted May  8,  1795.     362 

Fraser,  Mr,  under  secretary  in  the 
Foreign  office.     46 

Fredenburg    (Freudenburg),     a    town 


near  the  Sarre  between  Saarburg 
and  Mentzig.     261 

Friteau,  M.  (Emmanuel  Marie  Freteau 
de  St  Just),  1745 — 1794  ;  member  of 
the  parhament  of  Paris  and  after- 
wards of  the  Constituante ;  guillo- 
tined June  14,  1794.     22,  113,  114 

Fulchiron,  a  banker  at  Genoa.     858 

Garat  Vsimii  (Dominique),  1735 — 1799  ; 
dejjuty  to  the  States  General;  of 
moderate  opinions.  The  story  of 
him  in  the  text  is  told  differently: 
' '  Un  jour  I'abbe  Gregorie  descendait 
de  chez  M.  Talleyrand.  Garat  mon- 
tait :  Adieu  aristocrate !  dit  I'^veque 
de  Blois;  Adieu,  beau  masque!  re- 
pliqua  I'avocat ;  et  les  rieurs  furent 
de  son  cote."  Biographic  Univer- 
selle,  65,  103.     301 

Garat  le  jeune  (Dominique  Joseph), 
1749 — 1833  ;  avocat  to  the  parlement 
of  Bordeaux  ;  deputy  to  the  States 
General ;  a  strong  liberal ;  succeeded 
Danton  as  minister  of  justice  October 
12,  1792  ;  and  Eoland  as  minister  of 
the  Interior  March  14,  1793  ;  jjro- 
fessor  at  the  Ecole  Normale ;  served 
under  Napoleon  in  1814 ;  voted  the 
decheance  of  Napoleon ;  disgraced 
after  1815.     301 

Garnier  (le  comte  Gei-main),  1754 — 
1821 ;  member  of  the  States  General ; 
refused  the  ministry  of  justice  in  1792; 
retired  to  Switzerland ;  afterwards 
joined  the  consular  government ; 
translated  Adam  Smith.     164 

Garran  de  Coulon  (Jean  PhUiijpe), 
1748—1816 ;  lawyer  in  1789 ;  member 
of  the  legislative  in  1791 ;  member 
of  the  Institute.     121 

Genes  (Genoa),  a  repubUc  and  free  port 
on  the  Mediterranean  between  Nice 
and  Pisa.  188,  335,  341,  343,  358,  367 

Geneva  in  Switzerland  was  a  republic 
from  1535  to  1798.  57,  63,  65,  179, 
188,  334,  335,  341,  358 

Gex,  Pays  de,  between  the  Jura  and 
Geneva,  was  taken  from  the  Duke  of 
Savoy  in  1601,  and  joined  to  France 
by  Henry  IV.     71 

Ghent,  capital  of  Flemish  Flanders, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Scheldt  and  the 
Lys ;  capital  of  the  county  of  Flan- 
ders in  1180 ;  revolted  against  Charles 
V.  in  1538  ;  taken  by  the  French  in 
1678, 1708,  1745,  1792,  1794.     194 

Gisors,  capital  of  the  Vexin  Normand. 
236 

Givet,  a  frontier  town  of  France  on 
the   Meuse ;   belonged  originally  to 


I 


INDEX. 


387 


Luxemburg;  ceded  to  France  in  1678. 
182 

Gobel  (Jean  Baptiste  Joseph),  1727 — 
1794 ;  bishop  of  Lydda  in  partibus  in 
1772  ;  bishop  suffragan  of  Bale  in 
1789  ;  member  of  the  States  General ; 
took  the  civil  oath  Jan.  3,  1791 ; 
guillotined  with  the  Hebertistes  21 
Germinal,  an  ii.  (April  13,  1794). 
48,  71 

Goltz  (Bernhard  von  der),  1730—1795  ; 
ambassador  of  Prussia  to  Paris  1772 ; 
made  count  1786;  returned  to  Prussia 
in  May  1792 ;  went  to  Bale  to  con- 
duct the  negociation  of  peace  with 
Barth^ymy  but  died  there.  153,  184 

Goguelat  (Francis  Baron  Goguelas), 
aide  de  camp  of  Bouille  in  1791 ;  sent 
by  him  with  a  detachment  of  hussars 
in  1791  to  help  the  escape  of  Louis 
XVI.;  was  wounded  in  the  shoulder; 
entered  the  service  of  Austria,  but 
returned  at  the  restoration.   375 

Gonpillian  (Jean  Francois  Goupilleau) 
of  Fonteuay;  deputy  to  the  legisla- 
tive and  the  Convention.     253 

Goupel  (Goupil-Pr^feln),  deputy  from 
Alen(,!on  to  the  Constituante ;  died 
Feb.  18,  1801.     287 

Gournay  (sur  Aronde),  a  port  between 
Eoye  and  Pont  S.  Maxence.     285 

Gouvcrnet,  M.  de,  son  of  M.  Tour  du 
Pin ;  minister  of  France  to  the 
Hague.     75,  171 

Gouvion,  M.  (Jean  Baptiste),  served 
under  La  Fayette  in  America,  and  in 
France;  killed  in  action  June  11, 
1792.     29,  182,  189,  192 

Gouy  d'Arcy  (Louis  Henri,  marquis 
de),  1753—1794 ;  deputy  of  S.  Domin- 
go to  the  National  Assembly ;  sent 
to  Najac  as  Mari$chal-de-canip ;  ac- 
cused of  cowardice  and  guillotined. 
156 

Gower  (George  Granville,  Earl),  1758 — 
1833  ;  ambassador  to  France  1790 — 
1792  ;  became  Marquis  of  Stafford 
and  was  created  Duke  of  Sutherland, 
having  married  Elizabeth  Countess 
of  Sutherland  in  her  own  right.  1, 
5 

Grand  Pre,  a  town  in  the  B^thelois  near 
a  defile  of  the  Argonne.     245 

Grave,  M.  de  (Le  Chevalier  de  Grave) ; 
minister  of  war  in  1792 ;  fled  from 
France  to  England ;  returned  in 
1800.     162,  181,  182 

Grt'goire  (Henri),  1750—1831;  sent  to 
the  States  General  by  the  clergy  of 
Lorrame  ;  took  an  active  part ;  con- 
stitutional bishop  of  Blois;  elected 


-  to  the  Convention  1792 ;  wished  to 
Christianize  the  Ilevolution ;  senator 
in  1801 ;  count  of  the  Empire ;  ended 
his  life  in  study.     237 

Grenoble,  the  capital  of  Dauphine ; 
became  French  in  1349.     13 

Grevenmaker  (Grevenmachem) ,  a  town 
near  Luxemburg.     261 

Grivel,  a  banker  at  Genoa.     358 

Groschlag,  Baron  de ;  minister  pleni- 
Ijotentiary  from  the  King  of  France 
to  the  circle  of  the  Upper  Rhine. 
52,  70 

Groves,  Mr,  King's  messenger.     50 

Guadeloui^e,  a  West  Indian  island ;  one 
of  the  Lesser  Antilles ;  discovered  by 
Columbus  1493 ;  occupied  by  the 
French  in  1635.     21,  95 

Guibert,  M. ,  representative  of  the 
Island  of  Guadeloupe.     21 

Guignard  (Francois  Emmanuel,  comte 
de  S.  Priest),  1735—1831 ;  a  diplo- 
matist ;  minister  of  the  Interior  in 
1789  ;  emigrated  in  December  1790, 
and  returned  in  1814.     17 

Guillaume,  M.,  a  clerk  at  S'"  Mene- 
hould,  accomijanied  Drouet  to  Va- 
rennes.     372,  373 

Guy,  M.  (Pierre  Augustin  Guys),  1724 —  • 
1801 ;    a   distinguished  and  erudite 
navigator  in  the  Mediterranean.    24 

Guyanne  (French  Guyana)  lies  be- 
tween Dutch  Guyana  and  Brazil  on 
the  N.  E.  coast  of  S.  America.     57 

Hamburg,  a  free  town  of  Germany  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Elbe ;  a  great  scat 
of  commerce.     335,  358 

Havre,  Le,  a  port  on  the  Channel  found- 
ed by  Francis  I.  in  1557,  and  first 
called  Ville  Francjoise,  then  Havre  de 
Griice.     338 

Hebert  (Jacques  Rene),  1755—1794; 
published  a  disgraceful  journal;  called 
the  Fere  Duchenc;  organized  the 
worship  of  the  goddess  Keason ; 
executed  with  the  leaders  of  his 
party  March  24,  1794.  364,  366,  369 

Hector  (Le  comte  d'),  intendant  of 
marine  in  the  port  of  Brest.     36 

Helvoetsluis,  the  part  of  Rotterdam 
taken  by  the  French  in  1795.     336 

Henilly  (Louis  Charles,  comte  d'), 
1755 — 1795;  fought  in  America;  com- 
manded the  infantry  (otlicr  accounts 
say  the  cavalry)  in  tlie  constitutional 
guard  1791 ;  emigrated  to  England 
and  was  mortally  wounded  in  the 
expedition  to  Quiberon.     130 

Hi?irault,  L',  tlic  department  of  France 
of  which  Montpelher  is  the  capital ; 

25—2 


388 


INDEX. 


it  was  formerly  part  of  Bas-Langue- 

doc.     32  n. 
Herkelens  (Erkelens),  a  town  in   the 

province  of  Jiilich.     262 
Hervillers  (Ervillers),  a  post  between 

An-as  and  Bapaume.     284 
Hesse,  Prince  Charles,  Landgrave  of 

Hesse  Cassel,  1744—1831;  stadthold- 

er   of  the  Schleswig   and   Holstein 

Duchies.     17,  79,  168 
Hoc,   M.  le,  talked  of  as  minister  of 

Marine    after    the    resignation    of 

Fleurieu     May    1791;      afterwards 

minister  at  Hamburg.     86,  171 
Huber,  M.,  a  friend  and  correspondent 

of  Lord  Auckland  ;  one  of  the  Com- 

missaires  de  la  Tresorerie.     78,  86 
Huningue,  a  town  on  the  left  bank  of 

the  Ehine  in    Haute    Alsace.     66, 

240,  868 

He  de  France,  an  island  in  the  Indian 
Ocean.  It  was  discovered  by  the 
Portuguese  in  1505,  who  called  it 
Cerno ;  occupied  by  the  Dutch  from 
1598 to  1712, who  called  it  Mauritius; 
became  French  in  1721 ;  it  was  taken 
by  the  English  in  1810.  45,  46,  76, 
133 

Isnard  (Maximin),  1751—1830;  born 
at  Grasse ;  member  of  the  legislative 
and  the  Convention ;  joined  the  Jaco- 
bins ;  left  jiublic  life  on  the  advent  of 
Napoleon  to  power,  and  died  in  his 
native  town.     139,  146 

Jacobins,  Club  des,  founded  a  few  daj's 
after  the  meeting  of  the  States 
General  under  the  name  of  Club 
Breton ;  after  the  removal  of  the 
king  to  Paris,  the  club  established 
itself  in  the  convent  of  the  Jacobin 
or  Dominican  friars  in  the  Kue  St 
Honore ;  became  very  important  and 
corresponded  with  1200  clubs;  it 
became  all  powerful  after  August  10. 
The  club  was  closed  after  the  fall  of 
Eobespierre  Nov.  11 ,  1794.  9,  38,  53, 
55,  56.  66,  99, 106, 108,  145, 154,  287 

Jales,  Chateau  de,  in  the  Ardfeche. 
Some  nobles  met  here  under  the 
name  of  the  Camp  of  Jal^s  to  cor- 
rect a  rising  against  the  Consti- 
tuante.  The  castle  was  burnt  in 
1792.     32,  65,  68,  70,  200 

Jarjaye,  M.  de,  Mar^chal  du  Camp  at 
Soissons.     234 

Jarre,  M.  de  la  (Pierre  Auguste  de 
Lajard),  1757-1837;  aide  de  camp  to 
La  Fayette  ;  minister  of  war  in  1792 ; 
fled   to   England   and  returned    to 


France  after  Brumaire  18 ;  was  mem- 
ber of  the  Corps  L^gislatif  from 
1808  to  1815.     193,  197 

Jarry,  M.  de,  sent  on  a  mission  to 
Berlin ;  perhaps  Baron  Etienne  Anas- 
tase  Gedean,  born  1764.     147 

Joly,  M.  de  (Dejoly),  minister  of  justice 
June  29,  1792,  between  Duranton 
and  Danton  ;  served  under  Napoleon 
till  the  Eestoration.     199 

Jones  (John  Paul),  1747—1792;  born 
in  Scotland ;  took  service  in  America 
1775  ;  received  at  Versailles ;  served 
in  Kussia ;  died  at  Paris.     202 

Joui'dan  (Mathieu  Jouve-) ,  called  Coujie- 
Tete  1749—1794;  organized  the 
massacre  of  the  glaciere  at  Avignon 
in  1791  ;  was  guillotined  May  27, 
1793.     173 

Kaunitz  (Wenceslas  Antony,  count  of 
Kief  berg,  prince  of  Kaunitz),  1711 — 
1794 ;  diplomat ;  signed  the  treaty  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle  in  1748  and  the 
alliance  between  Austria  and  France 
in  1756.     165 

Kavel  cannot  be  identified ;  perhaps  a 
mistake  for  Doeil  =  D3-le.     261 

Kellermann  (Frangois  Christophe,  due 
de  Valmy),  1735—1820;  won  the 
battle  of  Vahny  Sept.  20, 1792 ;  made 
Duke  by  Napoleon  I.  216,  235,  236, 
240,  243,  245,  247,  254,  258,  262 

Kerkahu,  M.  (Kerguelen),  either  the 
famous  navigator  Yves  Joseph  de 
Kergueleu-Tremarec  (1745 — 1797)  or 
one  of  his  sons.     179 

Koch,  Christian  Guillaume  de,  1737 — 
1813;  i^rofessorof  iDubliclawat  Stras- 
burg,  1780 ;  elected  to  the  legislative 
in  1791 ;  impi-isoned  after  August  10  ; 
member  of  the  Tribunal  1802—1807; 
author  oi  Aire ge  des  Traites  de.  Paix. 
199 

La  Bourdonnaie  (Anne  Francois  Au- 
guste, comte  de),  1747 — 1793;  served 
in  the  seven  years  war ;  general  of 
division  in  1792 ;  died  at  Dax  in 
Feb.  1793.      240,  245 

La  Corogne  (La  Coruiia),  a  harbour  of 
Galiciain  Spain,  called  in  old  English 
books  The  Groyne.     338 

La  Coste  (N),  minister  of  marine  from 
March  to  July  10,  1792 ;  ambassador 
in  Tuscany.     162,  170,  193 

Lacroix  (J.  F.  de),  1754 — 1794;  member 
of  the  legislative  and  the  Convention  ; 
friend  of  Danton;  opposed  the  Giron- 
dists ;  perished  in  the  ruin  of  Danton 
and  the  Mountain.     203 


INDEX. 


389 


La  Fayette  (Marie  Jean  Paul  Rocli 
Yves  Gilbert  Mottier,  marquis  de), 
1757—1834  ;  married  1771 ;  went  to 
America  1777;  deputy  from  the 
noblesse  of  Auvergue  1789;  took  an 
active  part  in  the  Revolution ;  emi- 
grated after  August  10,  and  was 
imprisoned  by  the  Austrians ;  was 
set  free  by  the  Treaty  of  Campo 
Formio ;  took  part  in  the  Revolution 
of  1830.  7,  9,  17,  21,  22,  29,  31,  33, 
37,  38,  42,  44,  45,  54,  63,  64,  67,  80, 
81,  82,  98,  99,  102,  107,  121,  124, 
129,  136,  138,  143,  158,  163,  172, 
173,  178,  189,  195,  196,  198 

La  Harpe  (Jean  Francois  de),  1739 — 
1803 ;  critic  and  man  of  letters ; 
achnitted  to  the  Academy  1776 ;  most 
successful  as  a  lecturer  on  literatui-e ; 
his  lectures  began  1786,  were  inter- 
rupted during  the  Revolution  and 
continued  in  1794 ;  he  must  not  be 
confounded  with  the  Swiss  tutor  of 
the  Emperor  Alexander.    208 

Lajaille,  M.  de,  commander  of  one  of 
the  vessels  destined  for  Domingo. 
139 

La  Lande,  M.  de(M.Delalande),  charge 
d'affaires  in  Savoy  in  1792.     176 

La  Marck  (AiTguste  Marie  Ra^^inond 
d'Aremberg),  1755 — 1833;  grandson 
of  Leopold  Philip  de  Ligne  prince 
of  Aremberg ;  dej^uty  to  the  States 
General ;  friend  of  Mirabeau  who 
died  in  his  arms;  died  in  the  Dutch 
service.     80,  83 

Lamballe  (Marie  Th^rese  Louise  de 
Savoie-Carignan,  i^rincesse  de),  1748 
— 1792 ;  daughter  of  Louis  Victor  do 
Savoie-Carignan  ;  married  in  1767 
the  due  de  Lamballe  son  of  the  due 
de  Peuthievre  ;  left  a  widow  in  1768 ; 
a  great  friend  of  Marie  Antoinette  ; 
accompanied  her  to  the  Temple ; 
perished  in  the  massacres  of  Septem- 
ber 3,  1792.     187,  228,  232,  235 

Lambert,  M.  (C.  G.),  1726— 1793;  con- 
troUei'  general  for  a  short  time ; 
guillotined.     35,  45 

Lamel,  M.  Du  (M.  Duhamel),  a  yoimg 
broker ;  killed  by  the  Feder6s  of 
Marseilles  in  the  Champs  Elys6es 
August  1792.    205 

Lameth  (Alexandre  Victor  Thtl'odore, 
comtede),  1760—1829;  deputy  of  the 
nobility  to  the  States  General ;  im- 
prisoned with  La  Fayette  in  Austria ; 
rted  to  London  ;  employed  by  Louis 
XVni. ;  wrote  several  books.  55, 
68,  110 

Lameth  (Charles  Malo  Francois,  comte 


de),  1757—1832;  fought  with  his 
brothers  Theodore  and  Alexandre  in 
America ;  deputy  of  the  nobility  to 
the  States  General ;  fought  a  duel 
with  the  due  de  Castries  1790.  After 
August  10  fled  to  Hamburg ;  em- 
ployed by  Napoleon  and  Louis 
XVni. ;  took  part  in  the  Revolution 
of  1830.  He  formed  with  his  brother 
Alexandre  (1760—1829)  and  Barnave 
a  kind  of  triumvirate  who  put  them- 
selves into  ojjposition  against  Mira- 
beau. 12,  18,  44,  68,  78,  87 
Lamorlit-re,  General  (Alexandre),  1707 
— 1793 ;  commanded  Alsace  in  1792. 
195,  274 
Landau,  a  town  in  the  Bavarian  Pala- 
tinate ;  belonged  to  France  from 
1697  to  1815.  Ill,  239,  240 
Landolphe  (Antoine),  a  French  officer; 
director  of  a  philanthropic  establish- 
ment on  the  coast  of  Africa ;  at- 
tacked treacherously  in  1792  by  two 
vessels  belonging  to  Messrs  Dobson 
and  Co.  of  Liverpool.  49,  111,  112 
Languedoc,  a  French  province  of  which 
Toulouse  was  the  capital.  In  old 
days  the  Loire  divided  the  Langue 
d'oc  from  the  Langue  d'oil ;  it  did 
not  become  entirely  French  till  1589. 
21,  26,  36 
Lanvres    (Louvres),   a    post   between 

Senlis  and  Paris.     285 
La   Porte  (Arnauld   de),   1724—1792; 
intendant  of  the  Civil  List ;  guillo- 
tined.    96 
Laqueuille,  marquis  de;  deputy  of  the 
nobility  to  the  States  General ;  one 
of  the  earliest  emigres  ;  died  abroad. 
145 
La  Recourse,   a  post- station   between 

Ardres  and  St  Omer.  284 
La  R^ole,  a  town  on  the  Garonne  ; 
capital  of  the  Gironde ;  it  contains 
an  old  castle  of  the  Visigoths.  318 
La  Rochefoucauld  d'En\-ille  (Louis 
Alexandre,  due  de  la  Roche  Guj'on 
et  de),  1743—1792  ;  deputy  of  Paris 
to  the  States  General ;  was  one  of 
the  first  to  join  the  Tier.'^  Ctat ;  was 
president  de  I'administration  du 
departement  de  Paris ;  massacred  at 
Gisors  Sept.  14,  1792.  83,  101,  102, 
236 
Lasource  (Marie  David  Albin),  1762 — 
1793 ;  born  at  Angles  near  Mont- 
pellier;  was  a  member  of  the  legis- 
lative assembly' and  tbe  Convention ; 
joined  the  Giroudins  and  perished 
with  them.  252 
Latouche-Levassor,  chancellor  of  tlic 


390 


INDEX. 


Duke    of    Orleans ;     deputy    from 
Montargis  to  the  Constituante.      13 

La  Tour-Maubourg  (Marie  de  Victor  de 
Fay,  marquis  de),  1766 — 1850;  lieu- 
tenant of  the  gardes  du  corps  who 
defended  Marie  Antoinette  on  Oct.  6  ; 
taken  prisoner  by  the  Austrians  with 
La  Fayette ;  fought  under  Napo- 
leon ;  ambassador  to  London  under 
Louis  XVIII.     98 

La  Tour  du  Pin  Gouvernet  (.Jean 
Frederic  de),  1727—1794  ;  fought  in 
the  war  of  the  Austrian  succession, 
and  the  seven  years  war  ;  deputy  to 
the  States  General ;  minister  of  war 
1789  ;  was  imprisoned  August  1792  ; 
guiUotined.     24,  29,  30,  75 

Laval,  a  town  in  Maine,  formerly 
capital  of  the  duchy  of  Laval ;  the 
Vendeans  gained  a  victory  here  in 
1793.     368 

Lavi\'iere  (Pierre  Francois  Joachim 
Henri  de  Lariviere),  1761—1838; 
deputy  to  the  legislative  ;  joined  with 
the  Girondists ;  member  of  the  Con- 
vention; fledtoLoudon  audreturued 
at  the  Restoration.     230 

Lavoisier,  M.  (Antoine Laurent),  1743 — 
1794;  became  member  of  the 
Academy  in  1768 ;  deputy  to  the 
National  Assembly ;  guillotined. 
He  was  a  great  chemist  and  the 
discoverer  of  oxygen.     78 

Lebrun,  Charles  Fran<;ois,  due  de 
Plaisance,  1739—1824;  a  friend  of 
Maupeou  ;  member  of  the  Consti- 
tuante ;  third  consul  with  Napoleon, 
under  whom  he  afterwards  held  im- 
portant offices.     208,  211 

Le  Cointre  (Laurent),  1750—1805; 
cloth-merchant  when  the  Eevolution 
broke  out ;  member  of  the  Legislative 
and  the  Convention  ;  member  of  the 
Comite  de  Surveillance.     186 

Leeward  Islands,  part  of  the  Antilles, 
comjarising  Antigua,  Montserrat,  S. 
Kitts,  Nevis,  Dominica  and  the 
Virgin  Islands.  They  possessed  a 
common  legislature  as  far  back  as 
William  and  Mary.     24 

L^montey  (Pierre  Edouard),  1762 — 
1826 ;  lawyer  ;  deputy  to  the  Legisla- 
tive ;  fled  to  Switzerland  after  August 
10  ;  returned  to  Paris  in  1797  ;  aca- 
demician in  1819.     142 

Lescure  (Louis  Marie,  marquis  de), 
1766—1793  ;  a  leader  of  the  Vendean 
insurrection  ;  was  mortally  wounded 
at  La  Tremblaye  Oct.  15,  1793,  and 
died  Nov.  3.     368 

L'Escuyer  or  Lescuyer,   one  of  those 


who  took  part  in  the  murders  of 
the  glaciere  at  Avignon  1791.     130 

Lessart  (Antoine  de  Valdee  de),  1742 — 
1792  ;  maitre  des  requetes  in  1768 ; 
controller  general  in  1790 ;  accused 
by  Brisson  in  March  1792  ;  sent  as 
prisoner  to  Orleans  and  massacred 
at  Versailles  Sept.  9.  136,  137,  144, 
145,  147,  150,  156,  161,  162,  168 

Liege  in  Belgium,  became  a  bishopric 
in  708 ;  was  conquered  by  the 
French  in  1801 ;  passed  to  Holland 
in  1814,  and  to  Belgium  in  1830.    76 

Ligne  (Charles,  prince  de),  the  eldest 
son  of  the  famous  Prince  de  Ligne 
(1735 — 1814) ;  was  killed  in  the  cam- 
paign of  1792.     250 

Ligny,  on  the  Ornain;  the  chief  town 
of  a  county  which  belonged  suc- 
cessively to  Bar,  Luxemburg  and 
Lorraine.     243, 245 

Lille,  the  capital  of  French  Flanders; 
conquered  by  Louis  XIV.  in  1667. 
69,  182,  318 

Lillers,  in  Artois,  ten  miles  from  Be- 
thune.  The  first  Artesian  well  was 
made  here.     284 

Linange,  Prince  of  (Charles  Frederick, 
prince  of  Leiningen),  1779—1807.  72 

Lisle  (Lille),  a  fortress  on  the  north 
frontier  of  France.  It  was  taken 
by  France  in  1667 ;  the  Duke  of 
Saxe-Teschen  bombarded  it  for  eight 
days  in  1792.     240 

Longwy,  a  fortress  near  the  Belgian 
frontier  belonging  to  the  Duchy  of 
Bar.     215,  221,  241 

L'Orient,  in  Brittany  ;  one  of  the  five 
great  war  ports  of  France  ;  founded 
by  the  East  India  Company  of  Louis 
XIV. ;  it  was  bought  for  the  govern- 
ment by  Louis  XV.     18,  51,  57,  65 

Louis,  abbe,  ambassador  of  France  to 
Denmark  ;  took  the  civil  oath.     115 

Louis  XVI.  (Louis  Auguste)  (August 
23,  1754— .Jan.  21,  1793),  King  of 
France  ;  son  of  the  dauphin  Louis 
and  of  Maria  Josepha  of  Saxony ; 
called  first  the  Due  de  Berry ;  lost 
his  father  in  1765  ;  his  mother  in 
1767;  succeeded  his  grandfather  Louis 
XV.  1774;  married  May  16,  1770, 
Marie-Antoinette  daughter  of  Maria 
Theresa.     5,  6,  12,  14,  16,  22,  96 

Lozere,  a  department  of  France,  former- 
ly part  of  Languedoc.     32  n. 

Luckner  (Nicolas,  baron  de),  1722 — 
1794  ;  a  Bavarian  by  birth  ;  served 
under  Frederick  the  Great ;  joined 
the  French  service  in  1763 ;  com- 
manded the  army  of  the  Rhine,  and 


INDEX. 


891 


then   that  of  the    North ;    was  re- 
pulsed by  Kellermann  after  the  battle 
of  Longwy  in  1792  ;  was  condemned 
to  death  as  a  conspirator  at  the  end 
of  1793.    113,   158,    163,    171,   176, 
177,   181,    182,  18-1,    18.5,  188,  189, 
194,  197.  202,  216,    224,   233,  234, 
240,  241,  243,  245,  254 
Luneville,  a  town  in  Lorraine.     30 
Luxembourg,  Palais  de,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Seine  at  Paris;  built  by  Marie 
de  Medicis  1615—1620  ;    bought  by 
Louis  XV.  from  the  Orleans  family 
and  given  by  Louis   XVI.    to   his 
brother  the  Comte  de  Provence.     63 
Luzerne  (Charles  Henri,  comte  de  la), 
1737—1799;     minister    of    Marine 
1787  ;  died  in  Austria  1799.     18,  21, 
30,  31,  34,  41,  42,  44 
Luzerne  (M.  Anne  Cc^sar,  Chevalier  de 
la),  1741—1791 ;  ambassador  in  Ba- 
varia 1776,  America  1778,  England 
1788.     124 
Lydda,  Bishop  of ;  see  Gobel 
Lyons    (Lyon),    once   capital   of    the 
Kingdom  of  Provence ;    annexed  to 
France  by  Philippe  le  Bel.     10,  19, 
34,  49,  185,  241,  247,  255,  256,  319, 
324,  343,  356,  359,  360 

Macnamara,  Mr,ldlled  in  the  Mauritius. 
76 

Maillard  (Stanislas),  1745—1805;  ar- 
rested de  Launay,  governor  of  the 
Bastille ;  directed  the  march  to 
Versailles  Oct.  5,  1789;  presided 
over  the  massacres  of  September ; 
changed  his  name  during  the  Em- 
pire, and  died  in  misery.     328 

Maillt?,  M.  de,  governor  of  S.  Domingo. 
160 

Maillebois  (Yves  Marie  Desmarets, 
comte  de),  1715—1791 ;  accused  of  a 
conspiracy  in  1790 ;  he  took  refuge 
in  Liege  where  he  died.     17 

Mallet  du  Pan  (Jacques),  1749—1800; 
a  publicist ;  obtained  reputation  as 
a  writer  before  the  Revolution;  wan- 
dered in  Switzerland  and  Belgium 
from  1792  to  1798  when  he  wcut  to 
England  ;  died  there  in  1800.     358 

Malouet  (Pierre  Victor,  baron),  1740 — 
1814 ;  deputy  of  the  commons  to  the 
States  General ;  in  favour  of  a  con- 
stitutional monarchy ;  fled  to  London 
in  September  1792  ;  returned  in  1801; 
died  as  minister  of  JMarine.    5() 

Malseigne  (Le  Chevalier  Guyot  de) ; 
sent  to  Nancy  1790;  emigrated  and 
fought  against  France  ;  died  1800  at 
Anspach.     25,  29,  30 


Mandat  (Jean  Antoine  Galyot  de), 
1731—1792;  commanded  the  Na- 
tional Guard  on  August  10,  and  was 
shot  at  the  Hotel  de  Ville.    208 

Mangin,  M.,  a  surgeon  at  Varennes 
sent  to  announce  the  capture  of 
the  King  to  the  Assembly.     97 

Manuel,  M.  (Pierre  Louis),  1751—1793 ; 
member  of  the  Convention;  guillo- 
tined November  14,  1793.  (Mis- 
spelt Manuda  in  200.)   208,  270,  281 

Marat  (Jean  Paul),  1744—1793;  a 
doctor;  pubHshed  the  Ami  du 
Peuple  (1789—1793) ;  implicated  in 
the  massacres  of  Sejit.  1792  ;  mur- 
dered by  Charlotte  Corday  July  13, 
1793.     244,  251,  256,  258,  271 

Marboeuf  (Yves- Alexandre,  M.),  1734 — 
1791 ;  bishop  of  Autun ;  arch- 
bishop of  Lyons ;  his  younger  bro- 
ther, the  Marquis  de  Marboeuf,  was 
governor  of  Corsica  and  arrested 
the  Napoleon  family.     243 

Marbois,  M.  de,  ambassador  of  France 
at  the  diet  of  Katisbon  and  at 
Vienna.     144,  152 

Marche-le-Pot,  a  post  between  Peronne 
and  Eoye.     285 

Marel,  a  place  near  La  Croix  aux  Bois 
not  mentioned  in  the  despatch  of 
the  Moniteur  and  not  to  be  identi- 
fied.    247 

Marmontel  (Jean  Fran<;ois),  1723 — 
1799 ;  a  versatile  man  of  letters;  be- 
came permanent  secretary  of  the 
French  Academy  in  1783.     307 

Mars,  Champ  de,  a  large  plain  to  the 
S.W.  ,of  Paris  between  the  Seine  and 
the  Ecole  Militaire ;  made  about 
1770  as  a  field  of  exercise  for  the 
pujiils.  The  name  is  obviously  an 
imitation  of  Campus  Martins.  (>,  9, 
11,  13,  51,  58,  68,  72,  75,  76,  78,  79, 80 

Marseilles  on  the  Mediterranean  ;  the 
first  harbour  of  France  ;  it  suffered 
deeplv  in  the  lievolutiou.  49,  198, 
203,  205,  319,  324,  343 

Martigues,  Les,  a  decayed  port  in  the 
South  of  France,  W.  of  Marseilles.   11 

Martineau ,  M.  (N. )  lawyer ;  deputy  from 
Paris  to  the  Constituante;  escaped 
the  Terror  and  died  1800.     19,  20 

Martinique,  an  island  in  the  Smaller 
Antilles;  discovered  by  Columbus 
on  Saint  Martin's  day  1493 ;  colo- 
nized by  the  French  in  1635 ;  taken 
by  the 'English  in  1794  and  1802; 
restored  to  France  in  1815.  10,  42, 
45,  53,  57,  74,  80,  95,  112 

Manbeuge,  a  town  on  the  Sambre ;  ac- 
quired by  France  through  the  treaty 


392 


INDEX. 


of    Nimeguen ;      besieged    by    the 
Austrians  in  1793,  and  saved  by  the 
victory  of  Wattignies.     182,  204 
Mauduit,  M. ,  colonel  of  a  regiment  at 
Port-au-Prince    in    the     Island    of 
Hayti;  assassinated  there  in   1791. 
83 
Maulde,  M.  de  (Etienne) ;  ambassador 
of  France  at  the  Hague ;    arrested 
during  the  Terror  but  esca^^ed.     171 
Maulde,  a  village  in  Belgian  Hainault 
near  Tournay ;  a  camp  was  formed 
here  by  the  French  which  was  aban- 
doned   at    the    aj^proach    of    the 
Austrians  Sept.  1792.     245 
Maureau,  M.,  judge  of  the  Admiralty. 

172 
Maury   (Jean    Siffrein),    1746—1817; 
son  of  a  shoemaker ;  deputy  of  the 
clergy  to  the  States  General ;  emi- 
grated ;    made    Cardinal    in   1794 ; 
took  office  under  Napoleon  I. ;  was 
disgraced  at  his  fall.     57,  75,  79 
Majeuee,  Elector  of,    Friedi-ich    Karl 
Joseph   von   Erthal,   from   1774  to 
1802.     65 
Mayence,    a    fortified    town    on    the 
Ehine  ;  formerly  the  seat  of  a  prime 
archbishop;    it   was   taken   by   the 
French  in  1644,  1688  and  1792,  but 
recovered  by  the  Germans  in  1793  ; 
was  ceded  to  France  in  1797.     266, 
274 
Mazelifere,   agent   of    the   Comite    de 

Salut  Public.     336 
Meaux,   capital    of  the   Brie   on    the 

Marne.  216,  242,  275 
Mercy-Argenteau  (Florimand  Claude, 
comte  de),  1722—1794;  Austrian 
ambassador  to  France  from  1766  to 
1790;  afterwards  governor  of  the  Low 
Countries;  died  in  England.  19,  116 
Mertzieg,  a  town  on  the  Sarre,  between 

Sarre  Louis  and  Saarburg.     261 
Metz,  a  fortress  of  Lorraine  ;  one  of  the 
three  bishoprics  acquired  for  France 
by  Henri  II.  in  1553;  ceded  definitely 
in  1648  ;  ceded  to  Germany  in  1870. 
18,  24,  31,  44,   105,  216, '235,  238, 
872 
Meurthe,  department  de  la ;  forms  jaart 
of  Lorraine,  and  contains  the  towns 
of  Nancy,  Luntiville  and  Toul.     25 
Meuse,  a  river  flowing  through  France, 
Belgium  where  it  is  called  Maes,  and 
Holland  where  it  is  called  Maas.  19, 
20  . 
Mezieres,  a  town  in  the  Ardennes,  sepa- 
rated by  the  Meuse  from  Charleville. 
18,  19 
Mirabeau     (Andre     Boniface     Louis 


Eiquetti,  vicomte  de),    1754 — 1792; 
representative  of  the  nobility  in  the 
States  General ;  an  aristocrat ;  emi- 
grated ;     called    Mirabeau-Tonneau 
from  his  fatness.     8,   145 
Mu-abeau    (Honori^    Gabriel  Eiquetti, 
comte    de),    1749-1791.       Treated 
harshly   by  his   father    during  his 
youth,  and  often  imprisoned  ;  deputy 
of    the    Tiers    etat    to    the    States 
General ;     tried     to    reconcile     the 
Eevolution  and  the  monarchy.     21, 
24,    26,   31,  34,  51,  55,  58,  68,  73, 
74,  76,  77,  78,  80 
Miranda,  Francis,  1750—1816 ;  a  Span- 
iard by  birth  ;  served  under  Dumou- 
riez ;     fled  to  England  in  1793,  to 
America  in  1806.     259,  261 
■  Mollegaert,  Capt.,  complained  of  ill- 
treatment   by   the   Captain   of    the 
Nemesis.     170 
Monaco,  Prince  of  (Houore'  HI.  Camil- 
lus  Leonor  Grimaldi),  1720 — 1795  ; 
resigned   Monaco    to    France  Feb. 
14, 1793.     15 
Monge    (Gaspard),    1746—1818;    geo- 
metrician ;  minister  of  Marine  August 
1792— April    1793  ;    went  to  Eg,>-pt 
with  Najjoleon ;  was  greatly  honoured 
by  him ;    but  was  disgraced   under 
the  restoration.     208 
Mons,  the  capital  of  Belgian  Hainault 
called  Bergen   in  Flemish.     It  was 
taken  by  the  French  in    1691   and 
1746.     It  is  the  key  of  Belgium  on 
the  side  of  France.     180,  182,  184, 
185 
Montmt'di,  a  fortress;  formerly  part  of 
the  Duchy  of  Luxemburg ;  joined  to 
France  in  1659.     105 
Montmorin,  M.  de,  a  relation  of  the 
foreign  minister  who  commanded  at 
Fontaineblcau  in   Feb.    1791.       65, 
373 
Montmorin  -  Saint  -  H(?rem     (Armand 
Marc,  comte  de),  1745—1792  ;   suc- 
ceeded   Vergennes    as   minister    of 
foreign  affairs ;  perished  in  the  Sep- 
tember massacres.     7,  9,  15,  16,  19, 
21,  22,  24,  28,  31,  32,  35,  36,  38,  40, 
41,  44,  46,  47,  49,  50,  82,  83,  86,  87, 
91,  93,   97,  100,  102,  105,  111,  115, 
132, 172,  186,  187,  211,  221,  223 
Moras,    M.,    member   of   the    Jacobin 

Club.     230 
Moret,  a  small  town  a  short  distance 

S.  E.  of  Fontainebleau.     65 
Moreton-Chabillart,  Gen.,  1750—1793; 
served  in  the  A  tnerican  war ;  ardent 
revolutionist ;     served    under     Du- 
mouriez  ;  died  at  Douai.     240 


INDEX. 


393 


Morris  (Gouverneur),  1752 — 1816; 
American  member  of  the  Convention 
1787  ;  ambassador  in  France  1792— 
1794 ;  member  of  the  American 
Senate  1799—1803.     192,  218 

Mortand,  a  i^lace  near  St  Dizier;  not 
mentioned  in  the  despatcli  of  the 
Moniteur  and  which  cannot  be  iden- 
tified.    247 

Mossy,  M. ,  member  of  the  Jacobin 
Club.     230 

Mourgues  (Jacques  Augustin),  born 
1731 ;  Minister  of  the  Interior  June 
1792,  between  Koland  and  Terrier 
de  Monciel ;  escaped  the  Terror ;  and 
lived  in  retirement.     190 

Moustier  (Eleonora  Franpois  Elie, 
comte,  and  aftenvards  marquis  de), 
1752 — 1817  ;  served  as  diiDlomate  at 
Lisbon,  Naples,  Treves,  London, 
Washington,  Berlin,  Constantinople; 
helped  the  emipres.  3Ci,  86,  87,  127, 
128,  129,  130,  144,  153 

Moysset,  M.  de  (Guillaume  Monysset) ; 
judge ;  member  of  the  legislative ; 
served  under  the  consulate  and 
empire.     157 

Mulot,  abb(5  (Francois  Valentin), 
1749 — 1804  ;  mixed  up  in  the  affair 
of  the  diamond  necklace  ;  member  of 
the  legislative;  imprisoned  during 
the  Terror  but  escaped ;  wrote 
numerous  works.     131 

Muy  (Jean  Baptiste  Louis  Philippe  de 
Fehx,  comtede),1751 — 1820;  served 
in  America ;  at  Avignon,  in  the 
army  of  the  South;  went  to  Egypt 
with  Napoleon  ;  served  in  the  cam- 
paign of  Jena  ;  became  Peer  of  France 
after  the  llestoration.     171 

Naillac,  M.  de,  minister  of  France  to  the 
Duke  of  Deux  Ponts  in  1792 ;  minister 
of  war  the  same  year  for  a  short  time ; 
minister  at  Genoa  till  1794.    190 

Namur,  a  town  of  Belgium  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Meuse  and  the 
Sambre ;  taken  by  Louis  XIV.  in 
1692  ;  recovered  in  1695,  by  William 
of  Orange ;  retaken  by  the  French 
in  1746,  1792  and  1794,  after  which 
it  remained  French  till  1814.     181 

Nancy,  capital  of  Lorraine,  taken  by 
Louis  XIII.  in  1()33,  and  by  Louis 
XIV.  in  l(i60.     25,  29,  31,  46,  258 

Nantes,  a  town  on  the  Lower  Loire ;  it 
suffered  greatly  in  the  Kevolution ; 
repulsed  the  army  of  the  Vendeans 
under  Cathelineau  in  1793.     363 

Nantucket,  an  island  belonging  to  the 
State  of  Massachusetts  in  America. 
186 


Naples,  king  and  queen  of,  Ferdinand 
IV.,  Anton  Pascal  .John  Nepomuk; 
Seraphin  Januarius  Benedict  de 
Bourbon  (1751—1825);  regent  of 
Naples  and  Sicily,  1759;  king,  1767; 
married  Mary  Caroline  Louisa  Jo- 
hanna Josepha  Antonia  (1752 — 
1814),  daughter  of  the  Emperor 
Francis  I. ;  they  had  16  children,  7 
sons  and  9  daughters.     62 

Narbonne-Lara  (Le  Comte  Louis  de), 
1755 — 1814 ;  made  minister  of  war 
Dec.  1791;  disgraced  March  10, 
1792;  emigrated  after  August  10; 
returned  1800.  133,  141,  142,  144, 
149, 161,  163, 167, 171,  172,  176,  200 

Necker,  M.  (Jacques),  1732—1804;  a 
banker;  born  at  Geneva;  controller 
general  in  1777;  retired  in  1781; 
recalled  in  1788 ;  dismissed  July 
1789;  recalled  immediately  after- 
wards; retired  definitely  in  Sept. 
1790.     12,  28,  31,  .33,  78,  125,  162 

Neuchatel,  a  town  and  canton  in  the 
west  of  Switzerland.  The  county 
of  Neuchatel  belonged  to  Burgundy 
in  the  12th  century  and  then  to  the 
Empire;  it  came  to  Prussia  in  1707 
and  remained  under  Prussian  suze- 
rainty till  1856 ;  it  became  a  canton 
in  1814.     334,  358 

Neuilly,  a  village  on  the  Seine  below 
St  Cloud ;  the  bridge  was  built  by 
Peronnet.     302 

Nevers,  cai)ital  of  the  Nivernais  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Loire.     241 

Nice,  on  the  Mediterranean ;  cajjital  of 
a  county  of  that  name;  dependent 
upon  Savoy  after  1388;  taken  by 
the  French  in  1792  and  remained 
French  till  1814;  ceded  again  to 
France  in  1860.     20,  49,  343 

Nimcs,  a  town  in  Languedoc;  became 
French  in  1259 ;  a  sect  of  Calvinistic 
Protestants.     5,  6 

Noailles  (Louis  Marie,  vicomte  de), 
175(»  — 1804;  second  son  of  tlie  Mare- 
chal  de  ]\Iouchy;  fought  in  America 
under  La  Fayette;  dejmty  to  tlie  States 
General;  jiroposed  the  abolition  of 
orders  on  August  4;  emigrated  to 
England  and  America  but  returned 
mortallv  wounded  in  a  naval  action 
1804.     174,  188,  285,  288 

Noel  (Francois  Josepli  Michel),  1755 — 
1841;  at  school  with  Robespierre; 
employed  in  many  diplomatic  mis- 
sions under  the  Revolution;  the 
author  of  a  number  of  school-books, 
including  a  French  granunar.     21s 

Nootka  Sound,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Vancouver's  Island,  the  subject 


394 


.INDEX. 


of  a  dispute  between  England  and 

Spain  in  1790.     9  n.,  23  n.,  39  n. 
Noyon,    a   town   in  France,  N.E.   of 

Paris.     158,  159 
Nyon,  a  town  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva, 

not  far  from  Lausanne.     48 

O'Dunn,  French  ambassador  at  tlie 
court  of  Lisbon.     135 

Oraczewski,  court  minister  from  Po- 
land to  the  court  of  France  in  1791. 
76 

Oran,  a  town  in  Algeria ;  founded  by 
the  Moors  driven  out  of  Spain; 
belonged  to  the  Spanish  from  1509 
to  1708;  taken  by  the  French  in 
183L     41 

Orl(^ans,  a  town  of  France,  S.  of 
Paris,  on  the  Loire.  69,  70,  74,  78, 
186,  187 

Orleans,  bishop  of,  Louis  Francois  Ja- 
rente  Senac  d'Orgeval ;  appointed 
1788;  took  the  civil  oath  in  1791; 
died  1810.     56,  73 

Orleans,  Duchess  of  (Maria  Louisa 
Adelaide),  1755—1821;  marriedl769, 
divorced  1792;  imprisoned  and  ex- 
iled to  Spain ;  returned  to  France  in 
1814.     79 

Orleans  (Louis  Philippe  Joseph,  due 
d'),  1747—1793;  surnamed  Egalite, 
became  very  rich  by  marrying  the 
daughter  of  the  due  de  Bourbon- 
Penthifevre;  deputy  of  the  nobility 
to  the  States  General ;  belonged  to 
the  Jacobin  Club;  elected  to  the 
Convention  under  the  name  of 
Philippe-Egalit^ ;  joined  the  Moun- 
tain ;  guillotined  November  6,  1793. 
9,  13,  14,  24,  26,  31,  35,  37,  79,  103, 
104,  118, 188,  192,  249,  259, 281,  290 

Osmond  (Kem^  Eustache,  marquis  d'), 
minister  of  France  to  the  Hague  in 
1789  and  to  St  Petersburg  in  1791; 
remained  abroad  till  the  Bestora- 
tion;  minister  in  London  1815.     75 

Ostend,  a  seaport  town  in  West 
Flanders.     282 

Oxon,  an  English  malefactor  whom 
they  requested  the  French  to  deliver 
up.     146 

Pache  (Jean  Nicolas),  1746—1825; 
minister  of  war  October  1792 — 
Feb.  1793;  mayor  of  Paris;  joined 
the  H^bertists;  died  in  obscurity. 
320 

Paine  (Thomas),  1737—1809;  born  at 
Thetford  in  Norfolk;  wrote  the 
Bights  of  Man ;  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Convention ;  pleaded  there  the 
cause  of  Louis  XVI.,  and  was  im- 


prisoned;   died    in   America.     237, 
250,  253,  260,  268,  272 

Palm,  Etta,  n^e  Baronne  d'Aelders, 
wrote  Appel  aux  Fran^aises  sur  la 
r^gc^n^ration  des  moeurset  la  necessity 
de  rinfluence  des  femmes  dans  un 
gouvernement  libre,  1791.     109,  110 

Paoh  (Pascal),  1726—1807;  defended 
the  independence  of  Corsica  against 
the  Genoese,  and  at  a  later  period 
against  the  French;  gave  the  island 
to  the  English;  went  to  England  in 
1796  and  died  there  in  1807.  100, 
370 

Paris,  bishop  of,  Antoine  Leonore  Leo 
Leclerc  de  Juigne;  bishop  1781 — 
1801;  died  in  Paris,  March  19,  1811. 
73 

Peronne,  a  fortress  in  Picardie.     284 

Perpignan,  bishop  of,  Antoine  Felix 
de  Legris  Desponchez  1788—1801; 
died  at  Maline.     239 

Perpignan,  the  ancient  capital  of 
Bousillon  in  the  Pyrenees ;  taken 
by  the  French  from  the  Spanish  in 
1475  and  1642 ;  left  to  the  French  by 
the  treaty  of  the  Pyrenees  in  1659. 
8,  256,  3i8,  359 

Perrigaux,  a  banker  at  Neuchatel.    358 

Perry,  Captain,  an  English  supporter 
of' the  Bevolution.     277 

Petion  de  Villeneuve  (J(^r6me),  1753 — 
1794  ;  deputy  to  the  States  General ; 
sent  to  Vareuues  to  bring  back  the 
royal  family;  mayor  of  Paris;  first 
president  of  the  Convention  ;  joined 
the  party  of  the  Gironde;  arrested 
June  1793  and  fled;  was  found  with 
Buzot  June  1794,  their  bodies  half 
eaten  by  wolves.  79,  98,  108,  136, 
188,  194,200,  203,  208,  220,  225,  229, 
232,  237,  239,  252,  270 

Peynier,  M.,  governor  of  St  Domingo, 
45 

Peyroux,  M.  la,  misspelling  for  Jean 
Fran5ois  Galaup  de  La  P^rouse ; 
born  1741 ;  a  celebrated  navigator ; 
started  in  1781  on  a  long  voyage  of 
discovery  from  which  he  never  re- 
turned; the  remains  of  his  ships 
were  found  in  1826.  246 
Pichegru  (Charles),  1761—1804;  gene- 
ral of  the  army  of  the  Ehine  1793 ; 
commanded  the  army  of  the  North 
1794 ;  arrested  and  transported  after 
18  Fructidor  (Sept.  1797);  went  to 
London  and  Germany;  joined  the 
conspiracy  of  Georges  Cadoudal  and 
died  iir  prison  at  Paris.  333,  367, 368 
Pierre  Encise,  a  i^rison  near  Lyons.  47 
Pisaui,  Le  Chevalier  de;  ambassador 
from  Venice  to  Paris.     211 


INDEX. 


895 


Polignac  (Gabrielle  de  Polastron,  coni- 
tesse  and  duchesse  de),  1749 — 1793; 
married  17()7;  governor  of  the  in- 
fants of  France  1782;  emigrated 
July  1789  and  died  at  Vienna.     62 

Polignac  (Jules,  comte  and  due  de), 
the  husband  of  the  favourite  friend 
of  Marie  Antoinette;  he  emigrated 
and  died  in  Russia  1817.     62 

Poncharra,  a  place  in  Savoy  or  Pied- 
mont not  to  be  identified.     213 

Pondtjves,  M.  de,  navigator.     24 

Pondicherry,  a  French  settlement  in 
India,  founded  in  1675;  taken  by  the 
English  in  1761  and  restored  at  the 
peace  of  1763.     46,  51 

Pons,  marquis  de,  French  ambassador, 
first  to  Sweden  and  then  to  Spain.  11 

Pont  a  Mousson,  a  town  on  the 
Moselle  in  Lorraine,  at  the  foot  of 
the  mountain  of  Mousson.     236 

Pont  de  Beauvoisiu,  a  village  on  the 
frontier  between  France  and  Savoy, 
between  Lyons  and  Chambcry.     10 

Ponthieu,  duo  de,  a  mistake  for  Louis 
Jean  Marie  de  Bourbon,  due  de 
Penthievre  (1725—1793),  son  of  the 
Comte  de  Toulouse  and  father  of 
the  Duchess  of  Orleans,  step-father 
of  the  Princesse  de  Lamballe.     79 

Pont-l'abbe,  M.,  commander  of  the 
cavalry  October,  1791.     130 

Pout  St  Maxence,  a  town  of  the  duchy  of 
Valois  on  the  Oise ;  the  bridge  across 
the  Oise  was  built  by  Perounet.    285 

Porentruy  was,  before  the  Eevolution, 
the  seat  of  the  sovereign  bishop  of 
Bale,  and  might  in  case  of  war  be  gar- 
risoned by  the  French;  joined  to 
France  in  1793.     76,  84 

Port  au  Prince,  formerly  the  capital 
of  St  Domingo ;  now  of  the  republic 
of  Hayti;  founded  in  1745.     10,  148 

Port-Vendres  (Portus  Veneris),  a  fort- 
ress and  harbour  of  France  in  the 
Eastern  Pyrenees.     359 

Priestley,  Dr  (Joseph),  1733—1804; 
dissenting  minister;  librarian  to 
Lord  Shelburne,  1773—1780;  wrote 
on  electricity;  discovered  oxygen, 
1774 ;  replied  to  Burke  on  tlie  Eevo- 
lution; went  to  America  in  1794. 
238,  250 

Queille,  de  la,  see  Laqueuille,  Marquis 

de. 
Quercy,    part    of    Aquitaine;    divided 

into    Haut-Quercy,  capital  CaJiors; 

and  Bas-Quercy,  capital  Montauban; 

it  belonged   for   some  time   to   tlie 

English     and     became      definitely 

French  in  1472.     59 


Quievrain,  a  town  of  Belgian  Hainault 
not  far  from  Mons  on  the  frontier  of 
France;  taken  by  the  French,  April 
29,  1792.     180,  isi,  182 

Rabaut-Saint-Etiennc  (.lean  Paul), 
1743 — 1793  ;  a  protestant  minister; 
deputy  to  the  Constituante ;  member 
of  the  Convention;  joined  the  Giron- 
dists; executed  Dec.  5, 1793.  252,  317 

Eabi,  a  general  in  tlie  Spanish  service. 
248 

Eatisbonne  (Eegensburg  in  German), 
a  town  on  the  Danube ;  the  diet  of 
the  Empire  was  held  here  from 
1663  to  1803.     20,  72 

Eaynal  (Guillaume  Thomas  Fran9ois, 
called  rabb6),  1713—1796 ;  pupil 
of  the  Jesuits;  exiled  from  France, 
1781—1788;  deputy  from  Marseilles 
to  the  States  General;  died  at 
Chaillot.     91 

Et^thel,  formerly  capital  of  the  Eethe- 
lois,  on  the  Aisne.     245 

Eheims,  on  the  Vesle;  capital  of  the 
Eemois  in  Chamioagne;  famous  for 
the  cathedral  in  which  the  French 
kings  were  crowned.     233,  250,  254 

Eicardos  (Antonio,  comte  de),  1727 — 
1794;  a  Spanish  general;  governor 
of  Catalonia  in  1793;  he  was  made 
Captain  (xoneral  in  1794,  and  died 
perhaps  by  poison  in  the  same  year. 
359 

Eicce,  M.  de,  member  of  the  Society 
of  Friends  of  the  Constitution ;  ap- 
pointed ambassador  of  France  to 
Berlin.     184 

Eichebourg,  M.  de,  postmaster-general 
at  Paris.     150 

Eiviere,  M.  de,  captain  of  the  ship  La 
Forme.     36 

Robespierre  (Francois  Joseph  Maxi- 
milien  Isidore  de),  1759—1794; 
born  at  Arras;  deputy  to  the  States 
General;  member  of  the  Convention ; 
attacked  Louis  XVI. ;  established  the 
revolutionary  tribunal;  dining  the 
Terror  was  dictator  of  France ;  guil- 
lotined July  2^,  1794.  11,  79,  108, 
109,  149,  163,  237,  256,  2,58,  271, 
273,  278,  281,  320,  353,  360,  361, 
362,  364,  365,  36(5,  367,  369 

Rochambeau  (Donatien  Marie  Joseph 
de  Vimeur,  vicomte  do),  1750 — 
1813;  son  of  the  Marshal;  served 
in  America;  reduced  Saint  Domingo 
to  obedience;  sent  to  Martinico  in 
1793;  in  Italy  in  1802;  for  some 
time  prisoner  in  England;  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Leipsig.  135,  140, 
143,  185 


896 


INDEX. 


Eocbambeau  (Jean  Baptiste  Donatien 
de  Vimeur,  comte  de),  1725 — 1807; 
marshal  of  France;  served  in  the  war  of 
the  Austrian  succession ;  in  America; 
commander  of  the  army  of  the  North, 
1791;  retired  in  1792;  nearly  exe- 
cuted in  the  Terror.  112,  151,  158, 
163,  178,  181,  182,  184,  185 

Eochefort-sur-Mer,  a  port  of  war  in 
Aunis;  established  by  Colbert  in 
1666.     31,  234 

Eocroy,  a  town  in  the  Ardennes,  on 
the  Meuse.  It  was  fortified  by  Fran- 
cis I.,  Henry  II.,  and  Louis  XIII.    19 

Eohan  (Louis  Eene  Edouard,  cardinal 
de),  1734 — 1803;  made  coadjutor  of 
the  bishop  of  Strasburg  in  1760; 
ambassador  to  Vienna  1772 — 1774; 
grand  almoner  of  France  1777; 
cardinal  1778 ;  bishop  of  Strasburg 
1779 ;  involved  in  the  affair  of  the 
diamond  necklace;  was  arrested  and 
sent  to  the  Bastille ;  deputy  to  the 
States  General  1789 ;  emigrated  1791. 
20,  21,  68,  78,  92,  246 

Eoland  de  La  Platiere  (Jean  Marie), 
1734—1793  ;  deputy  from  Lyons  to 
the  Constituante  ;  joined  the  Giron- 
dist party ;  minister  of  the  interior 
for  three  months  from  March  1792  ; 
returned  to  the  ministry  after  Au- 
gust 10,  until  Jan.  23,  1793 ;  killed 
himself  on  hearing  of  his  wife's  exe- 
cution.    164,  190,  208,  234, 244, 258 

Eomeuf,  M.  de,  aide  de  camp  of  La 
Fayette ;  sent  to  arrest  the  Eoyal 
Family.     375 

Eousin(Charles-Philippe),  1752—1794 ; 
began  life  as  a  man  of  letters ;  then 
general  in  the  army ;  joined  the 
H(5bertistes  and  was  executed  with 
them.     328, 364 

Eosbach,  a  village  in  Saxony  between 
Merseburg  and  Naumburg ;  the 
French  were  defeated  here  by 
Frederic  the  Great,  Nov.  5,  1787. 
333 

Eouen,  the  capital  of  the  province  of 
Normandy.     234,  255 

Eouen,  bishop  of.  Cardinal  Dominique 
de  la  Eochefoucauld  de  Saint  Elpis; 
bishop  1759—1800;  died  at  Miin- 
ster.     135 

Eouger,  M.  (Jean  Pascal  Eouger), 
deputy  from  the  Herault  to  the  legis- 
lative.    204 

Eouille  de  I'Etang,  M.,  Commissioner 
of  the  Treasury.     78 

Eoume-St  Laurent,  M. ,  sent  as  Eoyal 
commissary  to  St  Domingo ;  made  a 
commercial  treaty  with  the  United 
States.     105,  115 


Eousillon,  a  county  in  the  South  of 
France ;  joined  to  France  by  the 
Treaty  of  the  Pyrenees  1659.     359 

Eoveray,  M.  du,  a  Genoese  sent  with 
Talleyrand  and  Chauvelin  as  an 
embassy  to  England.     66,  169 

Eoye,  a  town  in  Picardie  on  the  Arre. 
285 

Euamps  (Pierre  Charles),  deputy  to  the 
legislative  and  the  Convention ; 
member  of  the  Comite  de  surete 
generale ;  a  member  of  the  Moun- 
tain ;  remained  neutral  during  the 
events  of  Thermidor;  was  condem- 
ned for  complicity  in  the  rising  of 
1  Genninal ;  but  was  amnestied  and 
died  in  obscuritj'.     370 

Euremonde,  a  town  at  the  junction  of 
the  Meuse  and  the  Eoer;  from  1702 
to  1793  capital  of  Austrian  Guel- 
ders.     258,  274 

Eussia,  Empress  of,  Catherine  II. ; 
born  May  2,  1729— died  Nov.  17, 
1796;  daughter  of  the  Prince  of  An- 
halt-Zerbst ;  married  1745,  Charles 
Peter  Ulric,  duke  of  Holstein  Got- 
tor23,  who  succeeded  his  aunt  Eliza- 
beth, Empress  of  Eussia.     105 

Saarbruck,  a  town  on  the  Sarre  near 
the  French  frontier ;  formerly  the 
residence  of  the  Princes  of  Nassau- 
Saarbriick.     261 

Saarlouis,  a  town  on  the  Sarre ;  built 
by  Louis  XIV.  in  1680 ;  given  to 
Prussia  in  1815.     264 

Saillant  (comte  Dusaillaut),  M.  de, 
counter-revolutionist ;  accused  of 
exciting  conspiracy  at  Perpignan ; 
procures  the  surrender  of  the  castle 
of  Bannes ;  killed  July  1792.  200, 202 

Sailly,  a  post  between  Bapaume  and 
Peronne.     284 

Saint  Domingo,  an  island  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico ;  dis- 
covered by  Columbus  in  1492  and 
called  by  him  Hispaniola;  the 
western  portion  was  seized  by  France 
inl664,and  called  Haiti;  the  other  half 
remained  Spanish  till  1795,  when  it 
was  surrendered  to  France  by  the 
peace  of  Bale ;  an  insurrection  broke 
out  in  1791.  21,  33,  34,  45,  83,  88, 
90,  102,  106,  108, 131,  134, 139, 146, 
148,  179 

Sainte  M^n(^hould,  a  town  of  the 
Perthois ;  formerly  capital  of  the 
Argonne.     97,  216,  245,  373 

Saint  Just  (Louis  Antoine  de),  1767 — 
1794 ;  deputy  to  the  Convention ; 
closely  allied  with  Eobespierre  ;  one 
of  the  principal  authors  of  the  Terror ; 


INDEX. 


897 


guillotined  with  Kobespierre.     2G9, 
353,  362 

Salm-Kyrbourg  (Frederick,  Prince  of), 
1746— 1794 ;  he  built  a  largo  hotel 
at  Paris ;  which  afterwards  became 
the  i^alace  of  the  legion  of  honour ; 
he  was  guillotined  during  the  Terror 
as  an  aristocrat.     305 

Santerre  (Antoine  Joseph),  1752 — 
1809 ;  a  brewer ;  commander  of  a 
section  of  the  national  guard ;  took 
part  in  the  ^meute  of  the  Champ  de 
Mars  1791 ;  commander  general  of • 
the  national  guard ;  died  in  retire- 
ment.    203,  208,  278 

Sardinia,  King  of,  Victor  Amadeus  III., 
born  June  26,  1726  ;  King  of  Sar- 
dinia March  20,  1773  ;  died  October 
16,  1796.     17,  20,  48,  49 

Sausse,  M.  (Sauce),  procureur  of  the 
commune  of  Varennes  in  1791.     373 

Scherer  (Barthelemi  Louis  Joseph), 
1747—1804  ;  made  general  in  1794  ; 
served  in  the  army  of  Italy ;  minis- 
ter of  war  in  1797 ;  lost  the  battle 
of  Magnano  in  1799.     368 

Segneville,  M.  de.  Secretaire  a  la 
Conduite  des  Ambassadeurs.     15 

Segur  (Louis  Philippe,  comte  de),  1753 
— 1830 ;  took  part  in  the  American 
war;  ambassador  to  Russia  in  1784; 
sent  ambassador  to  Rome  1791,  but 
was  dismissed  ;  failed  in  his  embassy 
to  Prussia  1792;  held  high  ollice 
under  Napoleon ;  supported  the 
Revolution  of  July.  75,  76,  124, 
130,  132,  133,  144,  147,  152,  153 

Semonville  (Charles  Louis  Huguet, 
marquis  de),  17-59 — 1839;  a  diplo- 
mat ;  sent  to  Belgium  1790,  Genoa 
1791,  Turin,  where  he  was  not 
received,  1792 ;  imprisoned  by  the 
Austrians  1792—1795;  senator  1805 ; 
took  ollice  under  the  Restoration. 
176,  201 

Senlis,  a  town  in  the  He  dc  France.    285 

Servan  de  Gcrbcy  (Joseph),  1741 — 
1808 ;  wrote  in  the  Encyclopedie  ; 
joined  the  (iiroudins ;  minister  of 
war  under  Roland  ;  imj^risoned  in 
the  Abbaye  1793.  182,  190,  193, 
205,  208 
Sfe\Tes  (Seve),  a  town  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Seine ;  famous  for  the  manu- 
facture of  porcelain,  established 
there  in  1750.  56,  187 
Sieyes,  abbt;  (Emmanuel  Joseph,  after- 
wards comte),  1748 — 1836  ;  author 
of  Qu'est-ce  que  le  tiers  etat  ?  1789  ; 
a  prominent  member  of  the  States 
General,  and  of  the  Convention ; 
invented  the  consular  constitution  ; 


served  under  Napoleon.  71,  81,  82, 
8S,  361,  367 

Simolin,  M. ,  Russian  ambassador  at 
Paris.     49,  100,  105,  147,  154 

Soissons,  capital  of  the  Soissonnais, 
one  of  the  ten  pays  of  the  He  de 
France.     196,  233,  245 

Soleure,  on  the  Aar ;  capital  of  a 
canton  of  Switzerland.     334 

Sombreuil  (Charles  Fran9ois  Verot, 
marquis  de),  1727 — 1794;  governor 
of  the  Invalides  ;  imprisoned  at  the 
Abbaye,  and  saved  during  the  mas- 
sacres of  September  by  the  devotion 
of  his  daughter  (Marie-Mantille), 
1774—1823.     228 

Sosjjello,  a  town  in  the  Maritime  Alps 
on  the  Bevena  ;  the  French  beat  the 
Picdraontese  here  in  1793.     258 

Si)irc,  bishop  of,  Damianus  Augustus 
Philip  Charles  of  Limburg-Styrum  ; 
bishop  1770—1797.     52,  70 

Spires,  a  town  in  Rhenish  Bavaria ; 
formerly  an  important  imperial  city. 
369 

Stael-Holstein  (Anne  Louise  Gcrmainc 
Necker,  baronne  de),  1766—1817; 
daughter  of  the  banker  Necker ; 
married  the  Swedish  ambassador ; 
retired  to  Switzerland  after  the 
massacres  of  Sej^tember ;  was  exiled 
by  Napoleon,  and  went  to  Germany; 
resided  at  Cojipet  on  the  lake  of 
Geneva ;  returned  to  Paris  at  the 
Restoration.     255 

Stael-Holstein  (Gui  Marquis, Baron  of), 
1749—1802 ;  Swedish  Ambassador 
in  France  1783 ;  married  Mile 
Necker  1786  ;  welcomed  the  Revolu- 
tion ;  was  recalled  1792  ;  returned  in 
1795  and  was  again  recalled  in  1799. 
9  n.,  15,  150 

Stanhope,  Lord,  president  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Friends  of  the  Revolution  ; 
Charles  Earl  Stanhope  1753— 1H16  ; 
educated  at  CJeneva  ;  married  Pitt's 
sister ;  a  man  of  deep  and  various 
attainments  ;  a  strong  Liberal.     18 

St  Arold  (St  Avoid),  a  town  in  Lor- 
raine.    240,  245 

St  Cloud,  a  village  on  the  Seine ;  about 
five  miles  N.  E.  of  Versailles.  The 
domain  was  given  by  Louis  XIV.  to 
his  brother  the  Duke  of  OrU'ans 
who  built  the  palace  about  1658  ;  it 
was  boupht  by  Marie  Antoinette  in 
1789,  and  was  restored  by  Napoleon ; 
it  was  burnt  by  the  Germans  in  1871. 
26,  80,  81 

Ste  Brice,  Madame  de,  saved  by  TaUien 
in  the  massacres  of  September.  228, 
232 


398 


INDEX. 


Ste  Croix,  M.  de,  a  Freucli  diplomat. 
69,  149,  160 

St  Denys,  the  Abbey  church  was  built 
between  1130  and  1285.     285 

St  Dizier,  a  town  in  Champagne  on 
the  Marne.     215,  248 

Ste  Foy,  M.  de,  destined  to  accompany 
the  embassy  to  England,  Jan.  1792. 
150 

St  Elme,  a  frontier  fortress  of  France 
in  the  Eastern  Pyrenees.     359 

Steuay,  a  town  belonging  to  the  house 
of  Conde  near  Montmedy  on  the 
Meuse.     236,  376 

St  Germain-en-Laye,  a  town  not  far 
from  Versailles  on  a  height  above 
the  Seine ;  the  palace  was  built  by 
Charles  V.  in  1370.     302 

Stockholm,  capital  of  Sweden.  22, 
206 

St  Omer.  on  the  Aa  ;  a  town  in  Artois, 
famous  for  its  Jesuit  College.     284 

St  Pol,  Bishop  of,  Jean  Fran9ois  de  la 
Marche;  bishop  1772—1802;  died 
in  London  Nov.  25,  1806.     61 

Strasburg,  on  the  Ehine ;  during  the 
middle  ages  a  free  town  of  the 
Empire  governed  by  its  bishop ;  it 
embraced  Protestantism  at  the  lie- 
formation  ;  Louis  XIV.  annexed  it 
in  1681 ;  it  was  the  capital  of  Alsace 
tiU  1790.  21,  44,  59,  68,  76,  78, 
221,  264,  324,  326,  330,  344 

Sturt,  Miss,  married  M.  Huber.     78 

Stuttgard,  the  capital  of  Wlirtemberg. 
51,  60,  62 

Sundgau,  the  southern  part  of  Alsace 
containing  Effort  and  Huningue. 
It  belonged  for  some  time  to  Austria, 
after  the  rest  of  Alsace  was  French. 
334 

TallejTand,  M.  de;  see  Autun,  Bishop 
of. 

TaUieu  (Jean  Lambert),  1769—1820; 
member  of  the  Jacobin  Club ;  took 
part  in  the  massacres  of  September, 
and  directed  those  of  Bordeaux; 
attacked  Robespierre ;  member  of 
the  Comite  du  Salut  Public  ;  after- 
wards became  more  moderate ;  fol- 
lowed Bonaparte  to  Egypt ;  after 
1802  lived  in  obscmity.     319,  370 

Talmont,  Prince  de  (Antoine  Philipi^e 
de  la  Tr*5mouille),  aide  de  cavap  of 
the  comte  d' Artois  in  1792 ;  joined 
the  Vendean  insurrection  in  1793  ; 
he  fled  after  the  defeat  of  Mans, 
but  was  arrested  and  executed  at 
Laval  in  1794.     368 

Tangiers,  a  jjort  on  the  Atlantic  be- 
longing to  the  Empire  of  Morocco  ; 


belonged  to  the  Portuguese  from 
1472  to  1662  ;  it  came  into  English 
hands  as  part  of  the  dowry  of 
Catherine  of  Braganza  1662,  and 
remained  till  1684.  34 
Tarascon,  a  town  on  the  Rhone ;  not 
far  from  Aries.     85 

Tarbe,  M.  (Louis  Hardouin),  ministre 
des  contributions  publics  1791 ; 
afterwards  minister  of  finance ;  es- 
caped with  difficulty  after  August  10, 
1792  ;  died  1806.     92 

Tarente,  Madame  de,  dame  d'hon- 
neur  to  Marie  Antoinette ;  massacred 
in  September  1792.     221,  224 

Ternant,  chevalier  de,  ambassador 
from  France  to  the  United  States. 
69,  93 

Terrier  de  Monciel  (Antoine  Marie 
Rent^),  1757 — 1831  ;  minister  of  the 
interior  June  18,  1792 ;  emigrated ; 
returned  to  France  in  1806.  192, 
201 

The'venard(Antoine  Jean  Marie, comte), 
1733 — 1815;  naval  officer ;  minister 
of  the  marine.  May  16 — September 
17,  1791 ;  took  office  under  the  Em- 
pire.    87,  102,  111 

Thionville  (Diedenhoven),  a  fortress 
on  the  Moselle  ;  belonged  successively 
to  Luxemburg,  Burgundy,  Austria 
and  Spain;  taken  by  Conde  in  1643  ; 
and  remained  French ;  besieged  by 
the  Prussians  in  1792.  216,  235, 
238,  247 

Thuin,  a  town  of  Hainault  on  the 
Sambre  not  far  from  Charleroi.    365 

Thuriot-Larosiere  (Jacques  Alexis), 
dejjuty  to  the  legislative  and  the 
Convention  ;  member  of  the  Comity 
du  Salut  Public ;  presided  at  the 
famous  sitting  of  9  Thermidor ; 
served  under  Napoleon ;  after  the 
Revolution  settled  down  as  a  lawyer 
at  Liege.     164 

Tippoo  Saib,  1749—1799 ;  Rajah  of  My- 
sore ;  fought  against  the  Mahrattas 
1775—1779,  and  against  the  English 
1780—1782  ;  succeeded  1783  ;  fell  at 
the  siege  of  Seringapatam  1799. 
51,  52 

Tobago,  discovered  by  Columbus  in 
1498 ;  claimed  by  the  English  in 
1580,  and  1608  ;  given  by  Charles  I. 
in  1645  to  James  Duke  of  Courland; 
Dutch  settled  in  the  island  also  ;  in 
1662  the  island  was  claimed  by  the 
French ;  in  1748  the  island  was 
declared  neutral,  but  in  1763  was 
ceded  to  the  Enghsh ;  in  1781  it 
was  captured  by  the  French  and 
secured  to  them  in  1783  ;  in  1793  it 


INDEX. 


899 


was   taken  by  the  English  and  se- 
cured to  them  m  1814.     9,  10,  31, 
(iO,  77,  78,  U5,  154,  188,  190 
Touchet   (Souchez),   a    post    between 

Bethime  and  Arras.     284 
Toul,  an  imperial  town  governed  by 
sovereign  bishoi^s  ;    one  oi  the  tliree 
bishoprics   seized   by  Henri     II.   in 
1552 ;     secured    to    France    by   the 
Treaty  of  Westphalia  1G48.     30 
Toulon,  the  principal  arsenal  of  France 
in   the  Mediterranean  ;    it  owes  its 
magnificence  to  Louis  XIV. ;  it  was 
delivered   up    to  the  English  for  a 
short  time  in  1793.     18,  32,  34,  36, 
37,   262,   319,    328,   332,   345,   352, 
359 
Toulouse  has  been  the  capital  of  the 
kingdom   of  the  Visigoths ;    of  the 
duchy    of    Aquitaine,    and    of    the 
county  of  Toulouse.     37,  65,  76 
Touruay,  a  town  of  Belgian  Hainault 
on    the    Scheldt ;    it   was    lost    by 
France  in  1709  ;    retaken  in   1745  ; 
given   up  in  1748 ;    taken  again  in 
1792 ;  restored  to  the  Low  Countries 
in  1814.     182,  185 
Tour-Taxis,  Prince  de ;  the  family  is  of 
Italian  origin ;    united  the  titles  of 
Torre,   and   Tasso    near    Bergamo. 
They  were  post-masters  of  the  empire 
from  an  early  period.     72 
Tourzelle    (Louise   Elisabeth    Felicite 
Fran^oise  de  Croy  d'Havre,  marquise 
and  afterwards  duchesse  de),  1748— 
1832  ;  in  1789  succeeded  Madame  de 
Polignac  as  gouvernante  dcs  enfants 
'de  France  ;  accompanied  the  Queen 
in  the  flight  to  Vareuues  and  to  the 
Temple;    arrested    in    1793,    1794, 
1795 ;    exiled  during   the    Empire ; 
made  duchess  by  Louis  XVI.     224, 
228,  232 
Treguier,  Bishop   of,  Augustin  Louis 
Ken6  le  Mointier,  1780—1801 ;  died 
at  London.     61 
Treilhard  (Jean  Baptiste,  comte),  1742 
— 1810;  deputy  to  the  States  General 
1789 ;    itresided   over    the    trial    of 
Louis  XVI. ;  refused  the  ministry  of 
justice  179() ;  member  of  the  Direc- 
tory May  15,  1798  ;  minister  of  State 
and  comte   in  1808 ;    took   a   large 
share  in  preparing  the  Code  Civil. 
270 
Tremblay,   M.,   commissioner   of   the 

treasury.     78 
Treves,  a  town  on  the  Moselle ;  capital 
of  a  spiritual  electorate  from  1356  to 
1794.     73,  264 
Trist,  Mr,  an  Englishman.     161 
Trompette,  Chateau;  a  castle  at  Bor- 


deaux   built    by   Charles   VII.   and 

destroyed  in  1817.     319 
Tronchin,  M.,  minister  from  Geneva  to 

the  court  of  Versailles.     179 
Troyes,  formerly  capital  of  the  county 

of  Champagne.     255 
Truguet(Laurent  Jean  Franyois,comte) , 

1752 — 1839;  a  distinguished  sailor; 

fought  in  America  under  D'Estaing 

and  deGrasse;  commanded  a  squadron 

in  1792;   minister  of  marine  under 

the  Directory  in  1795.     179 
Turin,    the   capital   of    Piedmont ;    a 

favourite  residence  of  the  emigres. 

10,  48,  65,  367 

Ukraine,  an  expression  meaning  frontier 
in  Polish ;  the  Kussian  Ukraine  was 
conquered  from  Poland  in  1667  and 
1686 ;  the  PolishUkraine  in  1793.    68 

Ulm,  formerly  a  fortress  of  the  Ger- 
man confederation,  now  belonging 
to  Wiirtemberg.     94 

Uzfes,  a  town  in  Bas-Languedoc,  not  far 
from  Nimes.     65 

Val-de-Grace,  a  Benedictine  convent 
founded  by  Anne  of  Austria  as  a 
thanksgiving  for  the  birth  of  Louis 
XIV.  under  the  name  of  Val-de- 
Grace  de  Notre-D.lme  de  la  Creche ; 
built  between  1645  and  1665;  it  be- 
came a  military  hospital  under  the 
Empire.     99 

Valence  (Cyrus  Marie  Alexandre  de  Tim- 
bruue,  comte  de),  1757—1822;  mar- 
ried daughter  of  Madame  de  Genlis; 
deputy  to  the  States  General ;  served 
under  Luckncr  and  Dumouriez; 
commanded  the  reserve  at  Valmy; 
deserted  with  Dumouriez;  returned 
to  France  in  17i)9;  served  under 
Napoleon  and  Louis  XVIII.     197 

Valenciennes,  capital  of  French  Hai- 
nault ;  became  French  in  1677.  68, 
181,  182,  184,  188,  204 

Valmy,  a  village  of  the  Perthois  near 
S'^  Menehould  where  the  duke  of 
Brunswick  was  defeated  by  Keller- 
niann  Sept.  20,  1792.     254 

Vandcmont,  Princesse  de.     187 

Van-der-Noot  (Henry  Cliarles  Nicolas), 
1785 — 1827 ;  raised  the  insurrection 
of  the  Belgian  patriots  against  the 
Austrian  government  in  1789;  he 
was  defeated ;  returned  to  Belgium 
in  1797  and  died  in  obscurity.     29 

Vannes,  a  small  sea-port  town  in 
Brittany.     61 

Var,  a  river  in  the  south  of  France 
which  formerly  divided  Provence 
from  Nice.     185,  266 


400 


lNt)EX. 


Varennes  en  Argonue,  the  town  where 
Louis  XVI.  was  arrested  June  22, 
1791.     373,  374,  376 

Vauchise,  the  French  department  which 
contains  Avignon.     84 

Vayue,  M.  de,  commissioner  of  the 
pubhc  treasury.     78 

Venaissiu,  le  Comtat.     See  Comtat. 

Venice,  an  Itahan  repubhc  on  the 
Adriatic.     49,  62 

Verdun,  formerly  capital  of  the  bishop- 
ric and  county  of  Verdun ;  one  of  the 
three  bishojjrics  conquered  by  Henry 
II.  in  1552.  30,  216,  221,  225,  282, 
235,  241,  242 

Vergniaud,  M.  (Pierre  Victurnien), 
1753—1793;  administrator  of  the 
department  of  the  Gironde  1790; 
elected  to  the  legislative  1791 ;  be- 
came a  distinguished  member  of  the 
Girondist  party;  executed  October 
31,  1793.     149 

Versailles,  the  favourite  seat  of  the 
French  court ;  Louis  XIV.  dwelt  in 
the  Chateau  from  1672,  and  the 
court  was  established  there  in  1682. 
41,  56,  69,  84 

Vibraye,  M.  de,  diplomat ;  minister  of 
France  to  Sweden  and  Denmark; 
remained  faithful  to  the  king.  75, 
135,  172 

Vienna  (Wien),  capital  of  Austria.  24, 
62 

Villages,  M.  de,  commandant  de  la 
station  at  St  Domingo.     87 

Villars,  M.,  diplomatist;  minister  at 
Mayence  and  Genoa.     172 

Villette  (Charles,  marquis  de),  1756 — 
1793;  served  in  the  seven  j'ears  war; 
a  friend  of  Voltaire,  who  died  in 
his  house;  was  deputy  to  the  Con- 
vention.    280 

Villette,  La,  a  suburb  of  Paris  to  the 
North.     54 

Vincennes,  a  short  distance  from  Paris; 
the  Chateau  was  built  by  Philip 
Augustus,  and  was  a  royal  residence 
till  Louis  XIII.  67,  68,  70 
Vincent  (Fran9ois  Nicolas),  1767 — 
1794 ;  revolutionary  agent ;  mem- 
ber of  the  club  of  Cordeliers;  took 
part  in  August  10;  perished  with 
the  Hdbertists.  328 
Vitry  le  Francois,  a  town  of  the 
Perthois  in  Champagne;  founded  by 
Francis  I.  in  1545  to  receive  the 
inhabitants  of  Vitry  le  Briile,  burnt 
by  Louis  VII.  and  Charles  V.  240, 
245 


Vivarois,  a  district  of  France  with 
capital  Viviers ;  became  part  of  the 
royal  domain  in  1229.     32 

Voltaire  (Fran9ois  Marie  Arouet  de), 
born  1694  ;  died  May  30,  1778.    105 

Waldeck,  Prince  of,  a  general  in  the 
Austrian  service;  killed  September 
1792.     247 

Walkiers,  Edouard  de ;  Belgian  officer 
who  took  part  in  the  Belgian  revo- 
lution.    177,  182 

Weissemburg ;  the  lines  of  Weissemburg 
extended  in  front  of  the  river  Lauter 
from  Weissemburg  to  Lauterburg. 
They  were  erected  by  the  Austrians 
and  occupied  by  the  French,  who 
were  driven  from  them  by  Wiirmser 
in  1793;  they  soon  recovered  them 
under  Hoche  and  Pichegru.     330 

Wilseek,  Cte  de,  minister  of  the 
Emperor  in  Lombardy.     343 

Wimpfen  (Felix  de),  1745—1814; 
served  in  America;  deputy  of  the 
nobility  to  the  States  General; 
defended  Thion\'alle  against  the 
Prussians;  commanded  the  coast 
of  Cherbourg;  general  of  the  army 
of  Calvados  in  favour  of  the  Giron- 
dins,  but  had  little  success;  served 
under  the  Empire.     318 

Wittenkopf,  General,  commanding  the 
troops  of  Nagor.    158 

Wittgenstein,  M.  de,  lieutenant  general 
commanding  the  second  military 
division  in  April  1792;  superseded 
by  General  Montesquiou.     171 

Worms,  an  imj^erial  town  from  the 
11th  century;  now  belonging  to 
Hesse  Dannstadt ;  it  became  part 
of  the  French  Empire  in  1802.     94 

Wiirmser  (Dagobert  Sigismund,  comte 
de),  1724 — 1797;  an  Austrian  general 
of  Alsacian  origin ;  he  fought  in  the 
seven  years  war,  and  died  soon 
after  his  ineifectual  defence  of  Man- 
tua against  Napoleon  in  1797.  330, 
333 

Wiirtemberg,  Duke  of  (Charles  Eugene) , 
from  1737  to  1793.     70,  72 

Yriarte,  M.,  Spanish  Minister  in  Paris, 
190 

Zurich,  a  town  in  Switzerland,  capital 
of  a  Canton ;  situated  on  the  lake  of 
Zurich,  and  on  the  Limmat;  it 
joined  the  Swiss  confederation  in 
1351.     335 


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THE  BOOK  OF  ECCLESIASTES,  with  Notes  and  In- 
troduction. By  the  Very  Rev.  E.  H.  Plumptre,  D.D.,  Dean  of 
Wells.     Large  Paper  Edition.     Demy  8vo.     "js.  bd. 

"  No  one  can  say  that  the  Old  Testament  is  point  in  English   exegesis  of  the   Old  Testa- 

a  dull  or  worn-out  subject  after  reading  this  ment;   indeed,  even  JJclitzsch,  whose  pride  it 

singularly  attractive  and  also  instructive  cont-  is  to  leave  no  source  of  illustration  unexplored, 

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THE    GOSPEL   ACCORDING  TO    ST   MATTHEW  in 

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with  the  preceding,  by  the  same  Editor.     Demy  4to.     lo^'. 

"  The  Gospel  according  to  St  yohn,  in  menced  by  that  distinguished  scholar,  J.  M. 
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the  pointing  has  been  marked,  and  still  more 

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cloth  limp,  cut  flush.     2s.  td. 

THE  PARAGRAPH  PSALTER,  arranged  for  the  use  of 
Choirs    by  Brooke    Foss  Westcott,  D.D.,    Regius   Professor  of 
Divinity  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.     Fcap.  4to.     5^-. 
The  same  in  royal  32mo.    Cloth  \s.    Leather  \s.  6d. 

"The    Paragraph   Psalter  exhibits  all    the  and  there  is  not  a  clergyman   or  organist  in 

care,  thought,  and  learning  that  those  acquaint-  England  who  should   be  without  this  Psalter 

ed  with  the  works  of  the  Regius  Professor  of  as  a  work  of  reference." — Morning /^osi. 
Uivinity  at   Cambridge  would  expect  to  rind, 

THE  MISSING  FRAGMENT  OF  THE  LATIN  TRANS- 
LATION OF  THE  FOURTH  BOOK  OF  EZRA,  discovered, 
and  edited  with  an  introduction  and  Notes,  and  a  facsimile  of  the 
MS.,  by  Robert  L.  Bensly,  M.A.,  Reader  in  Hebrew,  Gonville  and 
Caius  College,  Cambridge.     Demy  4to.     10s. 

"It  has  been  said  of  this  book  that  it  has  Bible  we  understand  that  of  the   larger  size 

added  a  new  chapter  to  the  Bible,  and,  startling  which    contains    the    Apocrypha,   and   if   the 

as  the  statement  may  at  first  sight  appear,  it  is  Second  Book  of  Esdras  can  be  fairly  called  a 

no  exaggeration  of  the  actual  fact,  if  by  the  part  of  the  Apocrypha. " — Saturday  Review. 

London :   C.  J.  Cla  y  &-=  Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse^ 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  5 

THEOLOGY-(ANCIENT). 

THE  GREEK  LITURGIES.  Chiefly  from  original  Autho- 
rities. By  C  A.  SWAINSON,  D.D.,  Master  of  Christ's  College,  Cam- 
bridge.    Crown  4to.     Paper  covers.     I'^s. 

"Jeder  folgende  Forscher  wird  dankbar  Griechischen  Liturgien  sicher  gelegt  hat." — 
anerkennen,  dass  Swainson  das  Fundament  zu  Adoi.ph  Harnack,  Theologisclie  Literatur- 
einer     historisch-kritischen     Geschichte     der        Zeitiing. 

THE  PALESTINIAN  MISHNA.  By  W.  H.  LowE,  M.A., 
Lecturer  in  Hebrew  at  Christ's  College,  Cambridge.    Royal  8vo.   i\s. 

SAYINGS  OF  THE  JEWISH  FATHERS,  comprising 
Pirqe  Aboth  and  Pereq  R.  Meir  in  Hebrew  and  English,  with  Cri- 
tical and  Illustrative  Notes.  By  Charles  Taylor,  D.D.  Master 
of  St  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  Honorary  Fellow  of  King's 
College,  London.     Uemy  8vo.     \os. 

"The    'Masseketh    Aboth'  stands   at   the  "A  careful  and  thorough  edition  which  does 

head  of  Hebrew  non-canonical  writings.     It  is  credit  to  English  scholarship,  of  a  short  treatise 

of  ancient  date,  claiming  to  contain  the  dicta  from  the  Mishna,  containing  a  series  of  sen- 

of  teachers  who  flourished  from  B.C.  200  to  the  tcnces  or  maxims  ascribed   mostly  to  Jewish 

same  year  of  our  era.     The  precise  time  of  its  teachers  immediately  preceding,  or  immediately 

compilation  in  its  present  form  is,  of  course,  in  following   the   Christian  era..." — Contempo- 

doubt.     i\Ir  Taylor's  e.xplanatory  and  illustra-  rary  Review. 
tive  commentary  is  very  full  and  satisfactory." 
— Spectator. 

THEODORE    OF    MOPSUESTIA'S    COMMENTARY 

ON  THE  MINOR  EPISTLES  OF  S.  PAUL.  The  Latin  Ver- 
sion with  the  Greek  Fragments,  edited  from  the  MSS.  with  Notes 
and  an  Introduction,  by  H.  B.  Swete,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Ashdon, 
Essex,  and  late  Fellow  ot  Gonville  and  Caius  College,  Cambridge. 
In  Two  Volumes.  Vol.  I.,  containing  the  Introduction,  with  Fac- 
similes of  the  MSS.,  and  the  Commentary  upon  Galatians— Colos- 
sians.     Demy  8vo.     \is. 

"In  dem  oben  verzeichneten    Buche   liegt  handschriften   .  .  .    sind    vortreffliche    photo- 

uns  die  erste  Halfte  einer  volIstandigeii,ebenso  graphische   Facsimile's  beigegeben,  wie  uber- 

sorgfiiltig    gearbeiteten   wie    schun    ausgestat-  haupt  das  ganze   Werk   von   der    University 

teten  Ausgabe  des  Commentars  mit   ausfuhr-  Press  zu   Cambridge  mit  bekannter   Eleganr 

lichen    Prolegomena  und  reichhaltigen  kritis-  ausgestattet  \iX."  —  Theologisclie  Literaturzei- 

chen  und   erlauternden  Anmerkungen  vor." —  tu'tg- 

Literarisches  Centralldatt.  "It   is   a  hopeful  sign,   amid   forebodings 

"It  is  the  result  of  thorough,  careful,  and  which  arise  about  the  theological  learning  of 

patient  investigation  of  all  the  points  bearing  the  Universities,  that  we  have   before   us   the 

on  the  subject,  and  the  results  arc  presented  first  instalment  of  a  thoroughly  scientific  and 

with  admirable  good   sense  and   modesty."—  painstaking  work,   commenced   at   Cambridge 

Guardian.  and  completed  at  a  country  rectory."-  Church 

"Auf  Grund   dieser   Quellcn   ist  der  Text  Quarterly  Review  (}^n.  1881). 

bei    Swete    mit    musterhafter   Akribie    herge-  "  Hernn     Swete's     Leistung    ist    eine    so 

stellt.     Aber  auch  sonst  hat  der  Herausgeber  tfichtige  dass  wir  das  Werk  in  keinen  besseren 

mit  unermiidlichem    Fleisse    und    cingehend-  Handen  wissen   niiichten,   und   mit  den   sich- 

ster   Sachkenntniss   sein  Werk  mit  alien  den-  ersten    Erwartungen    auf   das  _  Gelingen    der 

jenigen  Zugaben  ausgeriistet,  welche  bei  einer  Fortsetzung    cntgcgen    ichen."—Gi>'ttiiigische 

solchen    Text-Ausgabe    nur    irgend    erwartet  gelehrie  A iizeigcn  (Sept.  i&Zi). 
werden   kiinnen.  .  .  .  Von    den   drei    Haupt- 

VOLUME  II.,  containing  the  Commentary  on   i  Thessalonians — 
Philemon,  Appendices  and  Indices.     12^. 

"Eine  Ausgabe  .  .  .  fiir  welche  alle  zugang-  mend   h  bien   dans  les  deux  volumes  que  je 

lichen  Hulfsmittel  in  nuisterhafter  Woise   be-  sign.ile  en  ce  moment. ..Elle  est  accompagnee 

nutzt  wurden  .  .  .  eine  reife  Frucht  siebenjuhri-  de  notes  Erudites,  suivie  de  divers  appendices, 

gen  Fle\sses."—T/teologiicheLiteraturzeitung-  parmi  lesquels  on  appreciera  surtout  un  recucil 

(Sept.  23,  1882).  des   fragments  des    oeuvres    dogmatiqucs    de 

"Mit'dciselben  Sorgfalt  bearbcitet  die  wir  Theodore,  et  pr<5c<5dce  d'une  introduction  oil 

bei    dem    ersten     Thciie    geriihnu    haben." —  sont  trailees  h  fond  toutes  les  questions  d'his- 

Literarisches  Centralblatt  (]\\\y  29,  1882).  toire  littdraire  qui  se  rattachent  soit  au  com- 

"M.    Jacobi  ..commen(;a...une   edition    du  mcntairc  luimcme,  soit  k  sa  version  Latme. '— 

texte.     Ce  travail  a  dte'  repris  en  Angleterre  et  Bulletin  Critique,  1885. 


London:   C.  J.  Cl.ay  ^^  Son,  Ctwibridge  University  Press  IWircJiouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


PUBLICATIONS  OF 


SANCTI  IREN^I  EPISCOPI  LUGDUNENSIS  libros 
quinque  adversus  Hasreses,  versione  Latina  cum  Codicibus  Claro- 
montano  ac  Arundeliano  denuo  collata,  praamissa  de  placitis  Gnos- 
ticorum  prolusione,  fragmenta  necnon  Gra^ce,  Syriace,  Armeniace, 
commentatione  perpetua  et  indicibus  variis  edidit  \V.  Wigan 
Harvey,  S.T.B.  Collegii  Regalis  olim  Socius.  2  Vols.  Demy  8vo. 
\Zs. 

M.  MINUCII  FELICIS  OCTAVIUS.  The  text  newly 
revised  from  the  original  MS.,  with  an  English  Commentary, 
Analysis,  Introducflion,  and  Copious  Indices.  Edited  by  H.  A. 
HoLDEN,  LL.D.  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  Crown 
8vo.     ']s.  6d. 

THEOPHILI     EPISCOPI     ANTIOCHENSIS      LIBRI 

TRES  AD  AUTOLYCUM  edidit,  Prolegomenis  Versione  Notulis 
Indicibus  instruxit  GuLiELMUS  GiLSON  HUMPHRY,  S.T.B.  Collegii 
Sancfliss.  Trin.  apud  Cantabrigienses  quondam  Socius.  Post  8vo. 
Ss. 

THEOPHYLACTI    IN   EVANGELIUM  S.  MATTH^I 

COMMENTARIUS,  edited  by  W.  G.  Humphry,  B.D.  Prebendary 
of  St  Paul's,  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College.     Demy  Svo.     'js.  6d. 

TERTULLIANUS  DE  CORONA  MILITIS,  DE  SPEC- 

TACULIS,  DE  IDOLOLATRIA,  with  Analysis  and  English  Notes, 
by  George  Currey,  D.D.  Preacher  at  the  Charter  House,  late 
Fellow  and  Tutor  of  St  John's  College.     Crown  Svo.     5^-. 


THEOLOGY— (ENGLISH). 

WORKS  OF  ISAAC  BARROW,  compared  ^v^th  the  Ori- 
ginal MSS.,  enlarged  with  Materials  hitherto  unpublished.  A  new 
Edition,  by  A.  Napier,  M.A.  of  Trinity  College,  Vicar  of  Holkham, 
Norfolk.     9  Vols.     Demy  Svo.     ^3.  35-. 

TREATISE    OF    THE    POPE'S    SUPREMACY,   and   a 

Discourse  concerning  the  Unity  of  the  Church,  by  Isaac  Barrow. 
Demy  Svo.     "js.  6d. 

PEARSON'S    EXPOSITION    OF   THE   CREED,  edited 

by  Temple  Chevallier,  B.D.  late  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  St  Catha- 
rme's  College,  Cambridge.  New  Edition.  Revised  by  R.  Sinker, 
B.D.,  Librarian  of  Trinity  College.     Demy  Svo.     12s. 

"A  new  edition  of  Bishop  Pearson's  famous  places,  and  the  citations  themselves  have  been 

vrork  On  the  Creed ha.i]us.t  been  issued  by  the  adapted  to  the  best  and  newest  texts  of  the 

Cambridge   University  Press.     It  is  the  well-  several  authors — texts  which   have  undergone 

known  edition  of  Temple  Chevallier,  thoroughly  vast  improvements  within  the  last  two  centu- 

overhauled  by  the  Rev.  R.  Sinker,  of  Trinity  ries.     The  Indices  have  also  been  revised  and 

College.     The  whole  text  and  notes  have  been  enlarged Altogether  this  appears  to  be  the 

most  carefully  examined  and  corrected,  and  most  complete  and  convenient  edition  as  yet 
special  pains  have  been  taken  to  verify  the  al-  published  of  a  work  which  has  long  been  re- 
most  innumerable  references. _  These  have  been  cognised  in  all  quarters  as  a  standard  one." — 
more  clearly  and  accurately  given  in  very  many  Gtiardian. 


.Londo7i :   C.  J.  Cla  y  S^  Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS. 


AN    ANALYSIS    OF    THE    EXPOSITION    OF    THE 

CREED  written  by  the  Right  Rev.  John  Pearson,  D.D.  late  Lord 
Bishop  of  Chester,  by  W.  H.  Mill,  D.D.  late  Regius  Professor  of 
Hebrew  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.     Demy  8vo.     5^. 

WHEATLY  ON  THE  COMMON  PRAYER,  edited  by 
G.  E.  CORRIE,  D.D.  late  Master  of  Jesus  College,  Examining  Chaplain 
to  the  late  Lord  Bishop  of  Ely.     Demy  8vo.     "js.  6d. 

C^SAR     MORGAN'S     INVESTIGATION     OF     THE 

TRINITY  OF  PLATO,  and  of  Philo  Judieus,  and  of  the  effeds 
which  an  attachment  to  their  writings  had  upon  the  principles  and 
reasonings  of  the  Fathers  of  the  Christian  Church.  Revised  by  H.  A. 
HOLDEN,  LL.D.,  formerly  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 
Crown  8vo.     4^. 

TWO  FORMS  OF  PRAYER  OF  THE  TIME  OF  QUEEN 
ELIZABETH.     Now  First  Reprinted.     Demy  8vo.    6d.  '" 

"From  '  Collections  and  Notes'  1867 — 1876,  ker  Society's  volume  of  Occasional  Forms  of 
by  W.  Carew  Hazlitt  (p.  340),  we  learn  that —  Prayer,  but  it  had  been  lost  sight  of  for  200 
'A  very  remarkable  volume,  in  the  original  years.'  By  the  kindness  of  the  present  pos- 
vellum  cover,  and  containing  25  Forms  of  sessor  of  this  valuable  volume,  containing  in  all 
Prayer  of  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  each  with  the  25  distmct  publications,  I  am  enabled  to  re- 
autograph  of  Humphrey  Dyson,  has  lately  fallen  print  in  the  following  pages  the  two  Forms 
into  the  hands  of  my  friend  Mr  H.  Pyne.  It  is  of  Prayer  supposed  to  have  been  lost." — Ex- 
mcntioned  specially  in  the  Preface  to  the  Par-  tract  from  t)ie  Preface. 

SELECT  DISCOURSES,  by  John  Smith,  late  Fellow  of 

Queens'  College,  Cambridge.  Edited  by  H.  G.  Williams,  B.D.  late 
Professor  of  Arabic.     Royal  8vo.     yj.  bd. 

"The  'Select  Discourses'  of  John  Smith,  with  the  richest  lights  of  meditative  genius... 

collected  and  published  from  his  papers  after  He  was  one  of  those  rare   thinkers  in  whom 

his  death,  are,  in  my  opinion,  much  the  most  largeness   of  view,  and   depth,  and  wealth  of 

considerable  work  left  to  us  by  this  Cambridge  poetic  and  speculative  insight,  only  served  to 

School  [the  Cambridge  PlatonistsJ.    'I'hey  have  evoke  more  fully  the  religions  spirit,  and  while 

a  right  to  a  place  in  English  literary  history."  he  drew  the  mould  of  his  thought  from  Plotinus, 

— Mr   Matthew  Arnold,  in  the  Coiiiempo-  he  vivified  the  substance  of  it  from  St  Paul." — 

rary  Rei'iezv.  Principal    Tulloch,    Kational    Theology    in 

"Of  all  the  products  of   the    Cambridge  England  i7i  tlie  \Tth  Century. 
School,    tlie    'Select   Discourses'  are  perhaps  "We  may  instance  Mr  Henry  Griffin  Wil- 

the   highest,  as  they  are  the  most  accessible  liams's   revised   edition  of   Mr   John    Smith's 

and  the  most  widely  appreciated. ..and  indeed  'Select    Discourses,'    which    have    won    Mr 

no  spiritually  thoughtful  mind  can  read  them  Matthew  Arnold's  admiration,  as  an  example 

unmoved.     They  carry  us  so  directly  into  an  of  worthy   work   for  an    University   Press  to 

atmosphere    of    divine    philosophy,    luminous  undertake." — Times. 

THE  HOAIILIES.  with  Various  Readiness,  and  the  Quo- 
tations from  the  Fathers  given  at  length  in  the  Original  Languages. 
Edited  by  G.  E.  CORRiE,  D.D.  late  Master  of  Jesus  College.  Demy 
8vo.     yj.  dd. 

DE  OBLIGATIONE  CONSCIENTI^E  PR^LECTIONES 

dccem  Oxonii  in  Schola  Thcologica  habitns  a  Roberto  Sanderson, 
SS.  Theologian  ibidem  Profcssore  Rcgio.  With  English  Notes, 
including  an  abridged  Translation,  by  W.  Whewell,  D.D.  late 
Master  of  Trinity  College.     Demy  Svo.     ^s.  6d. 

ARCHBISHOP   USHER'S   ANSWER   TO  A  JESUIT, 

with  other  Tradls  on  Popery.  Edited  by  J.  Scholefield,  M.A.  late 
Regius  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University.     Demy  Svo.     js.  6d. 

London:   C.  J.  Cl.w  &r'  Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


8  PUBLICATIONS  OF 

WILSON'S  ILLUSTRATION  OF  THE  METHOD  OF 

explaining  the  New  Testament,  by  the  early  opinions  of  Jews  and 
Christians  concerning  Christ.  Edited  by  T.  TuRTON,  D.D.  late 
Lord  Bishop  of  Ely.     Demy  8vo.     55. 

LECTURES  ON  DIVINITY  delivered  in  the  University 
of  Cambridge,  by  John  Hey,  D.D.  Third  Edition,  revised  by  T. 
TuRTON,  D.D.  late  Lord  Bishop  of  Ely.     2  vols.     Demy  8vo.     15J. 

ARABIC,  SANSKRIT  AND  SYRIAC,  &c. 

POEMS    OF   BEHA    ED    DIN    ZOHEIR    OF   EGYPT. 

With  a  Metrical  Translation,  Notes  and  Introduction,  by  E.  H. 
Palmer,  M.A.,  Barrister-at-Law  of  the  Middle  Temple,  late  Lord 
Almoner's  Professor  of  Arabic,  formerly  Fellow  of  St  John's  College, 
Cambridge.     2  vols.  Crown  4to. 

Vol.  L    The  Arabic  Text.     ioj.  6^. ;  cloth  extra.     15^. 

Vol.  I L  English  Translation,     \os.6d.;  cloth  extra.    15^-. 

"We  have  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  in  remarked,  by  not  unskilful  imitations  of  the 

both  Prof  Palmer  has  made  an  addition  to  Ori-  styles  of  several  of  our  own  favourite  poets, 

ental   literature  for  which   scholars   should  be  living  and  dead." — Saturday  Review. 
grateful;    and   that,   while   his  knowledge  of  "This  sumptuous  edition  of  the  poems  of 

Arabic  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  for  his  mastery  Beha-ed-din  Zoheir  is  a  very  welcome  addition 

of  the  original,  his    English  compositions   are  to  the  small  series  of  Eastern  poets  accessible 

distinguished  by  versatility,  command  of  Ian-  to   readers  who   are  not  Orientalists." — Aca- 

guage,  rhythmical   cadence,  and,  as  we  have  demy, 

THE  CHRONICLE  OF  JOSHUA  THE  STYLITE,  com- 

posed  in  Syriac  A.D.  507  with  an  English  translation  and  notes,  by 
W.  Wright,  LL.D.,  Professor  of  Arabic.     Demy  8vo.     los.  6d. 

"  Die  lehrreiche  kleine  Chronik  Josuas  hat  ein  Lehrmittel  fiir  den  syrischen  Unterricht ;  es 

nach  Assemani  und   Martin  in  Wright   einen  erscheint  auch  gerade  zur  rechten  Zeit,  da  die 

drltten   Bearbeiter  gefunden,  der  sich  um  die  zweite  Ausgabe  von  Roedigers  syrischer'Chres- 

Emendation  des  Textes  wie  um  die  Erklarung  tomathie  im  Euchhandel  voUstiindig  vergriffen 

der  Realitn  wesentlich  verdient  gemacht  hat  und  diejenige  von  Kirsch-Bernstein  nur  noch 

.  .  .  Ws.  Josua-Ausgabe  ist  eine  sehr  dankens-  in    wenigen     Exemplaren    vorhanden     ist."^ 

werte  Gabe  imd  besonders  empfehlenswert  als  Deiitsclie  Litterattirzeitung. 

KALILAH    AND    DIMNAH,    OR,  THE    FABLES    OF 

BIDPAl  ;  being  an  account  of  their  literary  history,  together  with 
an  English  Translation  of  the  same,  with  Notes,  by  I.  G.  N.  Keith- 
Falconer,  M.A.,  Trinity  College,  formerly  Tyrwhitt's  Hebrew 
Scholar.     Demy  8vo.     js.  6d. 

NALOPAkHYANAM,    or,  the    tale   of   NALA; 

containing  the  Sanskrit  Text  in  Roman  Characters,  followed  by  a 
Vocabulary  in  which  each  word  is  placed  under  its  root,  with  refer- 
ences to  derived  words  in  Cognate  Languages,  and  a  sketch  of 
Sanskrit  Grammar.  By  the  late  Rev.  Thomas  Jarrett,  M.A. 
Trinity  College,  Regius  Professor  of  Hebrew.     Demy  8vo.     10s. 

NOTES  ON  THE  TALE  OF  NALA,  for  the  use  of 
Classical  Students,  by  J.  Peile,  Litt.D.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
Christ's  College.     Demy  8vo.     12s. 

CATALOGUE     OF     THE     BUDDHIST     SANSKRIT 

MANUSCRIPTS  in  the  University  Library,  Cambridge.  Edited 
by  C.  Bendall,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Gonville  and  Caius  College.  Demy 
8vo.     \2s. 

"It  is  unnecessary  to  state  how  the  com-  those  concerned  in  it  on  the  result .  .  .  Mr  Ben- 

pilation  of  the   present  catalogue  came  to  be  dall  has  entitled  himself  to  the  thanks  of  all 

placed  in  Mr  Bendall's  hands;  from  the  cha-  Oriental  scholars,  and  we  hope  he  may  have 

racter  of  his  work  it  is  evident  the   selection  before  him  a  long  course  of  successful  labour  in 

was  judicious,  and  we  may  fairly  congratulate  the  field  he  has  chosen." — AtheiicEuin. 

London  :   C.  J .  Cla  v  Or'  Son,  Cambridge  Univasity  Press  II  'arehotise, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE  CAMBRIDGE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  9 

GREEK  AND  LATIN  CLASSICS,  &c. 

SOPHOCLES :    The    Plays    and    Fragments,   with    Critical 

Notes,  Commentary,  and  Translation  in  English   Prose,  by  R.  C. 

Jebb,  Litt.D.,  LL.U.,  Professor  of  Greek  in  the  University  of  Glasgow. 

Part  I.    Oedipus  Tyrannus.    Demy  8vo.    15J. 

Part  II.    Oedipus  Coloneus.  {^Nearly  ready. 

"Of  his  explanatory  and  critical  notes  we  vivacity.  In  fact,  one  might  take  this  edition 
can  only  speak  with  admiration.  Thorou^li  with  him  on  a  journey,  and,  without  any  other 
scholarship  combines  with  taste,  erudition,  and  help  whatever,  acquire  with  comfort  and  de- 
boundless  industry  to  make  this  first  volume  a  light  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  noblest 
pattern  of  editing.  The  work  is  made  com-  production  of,  perhaps,  the  most  difficult  of  all 
plete  by  a  prose  translation,  upon  pages  alter-  Greek  poets — the  most  difficult,  yet  possessed 
nating  with  the  te.\t,  of  which  we  may  say  at  the  same  time  of  an  immortal  charm  for  one 
shortly  that  it  displays  sound  judgment  and  who  has  mastered  him,  as  Mr  Jebb  has,  and 
taste,  without  sacrificing  precision  to  poetry  of  can  feel  so  subtly  perfection  of  form  and  Ian- 
expression." —  The  Times.  guagc.We  await  with  lively  expectation  the 

"This  larger  edition  he  has  deferred  these  continuation,    and   completion   of    Mr    Jebb's 

many  years  for  reasons  which  he  has  given  in  great  task,  and  it  is  a  fortunate  thing  that  his 

his  preface,  and  which  we  accept  with  entire  power  of  work  seems  to  be  as  great  as  the  style 

satisfaction,  as  we  have  now  the  first  portion  is  happy  in  which   the  work   is  done." — The 

of  a  work  composed  in  the  fulness  of  his  powers  Athenccuvi. 

and  with  all  the  resources  of  fine  erudition  and  "An   edition   which   marks  a  definite  ad- 

laboriously  earned  experience. ..We  will  confi-  vance,  which  is  whole  in  itself,  and   brings  a 

dently  aver,  then,  that  the  edition  is  neither  mass  of  solid  and  well-wrought  material  such 

tedious  nor  long;    for  we  get  in  one  compact  as  future  constructors  will  desire  to  adapt,  is 

volume  such  a  cyclopa;dia  of  instruction,  such  definitive  in  the  only  applicable  sense  of  the 

a  variety  of  helps  to  the  full  comprehension  of  term,  and  such  is  the  edition  of  Professor  Jebb. 

the  poet,  as  not  so  many  years  at;o  would  have  No  man  is  better  fitted  to  express  in  relation  to 

needed  a  small  library,  and  all  this  instruction  Sophocles  the  mind  of  the  present  generation." 

and  assistance  given,  not  in  a  dull  and  pedantic  — Tlie  Saturday  Review. 
way,  but  in  a  style  of  singular  clearness  and 

AESCHYLI    FABULAE.— IKETIAE2    XOH(I>OPOI    IN 

LIBRO  MEDICEO  MENDOSE  SCRIPTAE  EX  VV.  DD. 
CONIECTURIS  EMENDATIUS  EDITAE  cum  Scholiis  Graecis 
et  brcvi  adnotatione  critica,  curante  F.  A.  Paley,  M.A.,  LL.D. 
Demy  8vo.  ^s.  6d. 
THE  AGAMEMNON  OF  AESCHYLUS.  With  a  Trans- 
lation in  English  Rhythm,  and  Notes  Critical  and  Explanatory. 
New  Edition  Revised.  By  Benjamin  Hall  Kennedy,  D.D., 
Regius  Professor  of  Greek.     Crown  8vo.     6s. 

"Oneof  the  best  editions  of  the  masterpiece  value  of  this  volume  alike  to  the  poetical 
of  Greek  tragedy." — Atheiuruin.  translator,  the  critical  scholar,  and  the  ethical 

"It  is   needless  to  multiply  proofs  of  the        student." — Saturday  Reviciu. 

TPIE  THE.ETETUS  OF  PLATO  with  a  Translation  and 
Notes  by  the  same  Editor.     Crown  8vo.     "s.  6d. 

ARISTOTLE.— nEPI  ^PTXHS.  ARISTOTLE'S  PSY- 
CHOLOGY, in  Greek  and  English,  with  Introduction  and  Notes, 
by  Edwin  Wallace,  M.A.,  late  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Worcester 
College,  Oxford.     Demy  8vo.     \Zs. 

"The  notes  are  exactly  what   such   notes  "Wallace's  Bcarbeitung  derAristotclischen 

ought  to  be,  — helps  to  the  student,  not  mere  Psychologic  ist  das  Wcrk  cinesdenkendcn  und 

displays  of  learning.     By  f.ar  the  more  valuable  in  alien  Schriften  des  Aristoteles  und  grossten- 

parts  of  the  notes  are  neither  critical  nor  lite-  teils  auch  in  der  neueren  Litteratur  zu  densel- 

rary,  but  philosophical   and  expository  of  the  ben    belesenen     Mannes  .  .  .  Der    schw-ichste 

thought,  and  of  the  connection  of  thought,  in  Teil  der  Arbeit  ist  der  kritische  .  .  .  Abcr  in 

the  treatise  itself    In  this  relation  the  notes  are  alien  diesen   Dingen  liegt  auch  n.acli  der  Ab- 

invaluable.     Of  the  translation,  it  may  be  said  sicht   des   Verfassers   nicht  der   Schwcrpunkt 

that  an  English  reader  may  fairly  master  by  seiner   Arbeit,   sondern."— ;-Prof.    Suscmihl   in 

means  of  it  this  great  treatise  of  Aristotle." —  Thilologischc  Wcclunschri/t. 
Spectator. 

ARISTOTLE.— nEPI  ATKAIOSTNHS.  THl'  FIFTH 
BOOK  OF  THE  NICOMACIIEAN  ETHICS  OF  ARISTOTLE. 
Edited  by  Henry  Jackson,  Litt.D.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge.     Demy  Svo.     6j. 

"It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  some  of  the  will  hope  that  this  is  not  the  only  portion  of 
points  he  discusses  have  never  had  so  much  the  Aristotelian  writings  which  he  is  likely  to 
light  thrown  upon  them  before.  .  .  .  Scholars        cA\t."—Atlu>uEuut. 

London:  C.  J.  Clay  £->  Soy,  Cambridge  University  Press   W'areluuise, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


PUBLICATIONS  OF 


ARISTOTLE.  THE  RHETORIC.  With  a  Commentary 
by  the  late  E.  M.  Cope,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  re- 
vised and  edited  by  J.  E.  Sandys,  M. A.  With  a  biographical  Memoir 
by  the  late  H.  A.  J.  Munro,  Litt.  D.  3  Vols.,  Demy  8vo.  Now 
reduced  to  'iXs.  [priginally  published  at  3I.S-.  6c/.) 

"This  work  is  in  many  ways  creditable  to  the  "Mr   Sandys  has  performed   his   arduous 

University  of  Cambridge.   Ifan  Enghsh  student  duties  with  marked  abihty  and  admirable  tact. 

wishes  to  have  a  full  conception  of  what  is  con-         In  every  part  of  his  work — revising, 

tained  in  the /i'/?^/<7r/i:r  of  Aristotle,  to  Mr  Cope's  supplementing,  and  completing — he  has  done 

edition  he  must  go." — Academy.  exceedingly  well." — Examiner. 

A  SELECTION  OF  GREEK  INSCRIPTIONS,  with 
Introductions  and  Annotations  by  E.  S.  Roberts,  M.A.,  Fellow 
and  Tutor  of  Gonville  and  Caius  College.  [In  the  Press. 

PINDAR.    OLYMPIAN  AND  PYTHIAN  ODES.    With 

Notes  Explanatory  and  Critical,  Introductions  and  Introductory 
Essays.  Edited  by  C.  A.  M.  Fennell,  Litt.  D.,  late  Fellow  of 
Jesus  College.     Crown  8vo.     g.y. 

"Mr  Fennell  deserves  the  thanks  of  all  clas-  in  comparative  philology." — Aiheno'iim. 
sical  students  for  his  careful  and  scholarly  edi-  "Considered  simply  as  a  contribution  to  the 

tion  of  the  Orympian  and  Pythian  odes.     He  study  and   criticism  of  Pindar,  Mr    Fennell's 

brings  to  his  task  the  necessary  enthusiasm  for  edition  is  a  work  of  great  merit/' — Saturday 

his  author,  great  industry,  a  sound  judgment,  Review. 
and,  in  particular,  copious  and  minute  learning 

THE    ISTHMIAN    AND    NEMEAN    ODES.     By  the   same 

Editor.     Crown  8vo.     gs. 

"...  As  a  handy  and  instructive  edition  of  valuable  help  to  the  study  of  the  most  difficult 

a  difficult  classic  no  work  of  recent  years  sur-  of  Greek  authors,  and  is  enriched  with  notes 

passes  Mr  Fennell's  'Pindar.'" — Athetueum.  on  points  of  scholarship  and  etymology  which 

"This    work     is    in    no    way    inferior    to  could  only  have  been  written  by  a  scholar  of 

the  previous  volume.    The  commentary  affords  very  high  attainments." — Saturday  Review. 

PRIVATE  ORATIONS  OF  DEMOSTHENES,  with  In- 
troductions and  English  Notes,  by  F.  A.  Paley,  M.A.  Editor  of 
Aeschylus,  etc.  and  J.  E.  Sandys,  M.A.  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  St  John's 
College,  and  Public  Orator  in  the  University  of  Cambridge. 

Part  I.    Contra  Phormionem,  Lacritum,  Pantaenetum,  Boeotum 
de  Nomine,  Boeotum  de  Dote,  Dionysodorum.     Crown  8vo.     6s. 

"Mr    Paley's    scholarship    is    sound    and  literature  which   bears  upon   his   author,   and 

accurate,  his  experience  of  editing  wide,  and  the  elucidation  of  matters  of  daily  life,  in  the 

if  he  is   content   to  devote   his  learning  and  delineation  of  which  Demosthenes  is  so  rich, 

abilities   to,  the   production   of  such   manuals  obtains    full  justice   at   his   hands.    .    .    .    We 

as  these,  they  will  be  received  with  gratitude  hope  this  edition  may  lead  the  way  to  a  more 

throughout  the  higher  schools  of  the  coiuitry.  general   study   of   these    speeches    in    schools 

Mr   Sandys   is   deeply  read    in    the    German  than  has  hitherto  been  possible." — Academy. 

Part  II.     Pro  Phormione,  Contra  Stephanum  I.  II.;  Nicostra- 
tum,  Cononem,  CaUiclem.     Crown  Svo.     'js.  6d. 

"  It  is  long  since  we  have  come  upon  a  work  mosthenes '." — Saturday  Revieiu. 

evincing  more  pains,   scholarship,  and  varied  " the   edition  reflects  credit  on 

research    and   illustration    than    l\Ir   Sandys's  Cambridge  scholarship,  and  ought   to  be  ex- 
contribution  to  the   'Private  Orations  of  De-  tensively  used." — Atlietiieum. 

DEMOSTHENES      AGAINST      ANDROTION      AND 

AGAINST  TIMOCRATES,  with  Introductions  and  English  Com- 
mentary, by  William  Wayte,  M.A.,  la,te  Professor  of  Greek,  Uni- 
versity College,  London.     Crown  8vo.     "js.  6d. 

"These  speeches  are  highly  interesting,  as  prehended  subject  matter  ....  Besides  a  most 

illustrating   Attic    Law,   as   that   law  was  in-  lucid  and  interesting  introduction,  Mr  Wayte 

fluenced  by  the  exigences  of  politics  .  .  .  As  has  given   the   student   effijctive   help   in   his 

vigorous  examples  of  the  great  orator's  style,  running  commentary.     We  may  note,  as  being 

they  are  worthy  of  all  admiration  ;    and  they  so   well   managed  as  to  form  a  very  valuable 

have  the  advantage — not  inconsiderable  when  part  of  the  exegesis,  the  summaries  given  with 

the  actual  attainments  of  the  average  school-  every   two   or   three   sections  throughout  the 

boy  are  considered — of  having  an  easily  com-  speech." — Spectator. 

PLATO'S  PH^DO,  Hterally  translated,  by  the  late  E.  M. 
Cope,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  revised  by  Henry 
JACKSON,  Litt.  D.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College.     Demy  8vo.     ^s. 


London :   C.  y.  Cla  y  ^  Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE    UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  ii 

THE  TYPES  OF  GREEK  COINS.    By  Percy  Gardner, 

Litt.  D.,  F.S.A.,  Disney  Professor  of  Archaeology.  With  i6  Autotype 
plates,  containing  photographs  of  Coins  of  all  parts  of  the  Greek  World. 
Impl.  4to.  Cloth  extra,  ^'i.  i  \s.  6d.-,  Roxburgh  (Morocco  back),  £2.  2s. 

"Professor  Gardner's  book  is  written  with  is  less  purely  and  dryly  scientific.      Neverthe- 

such   lucidity  and  iii  a  manner  so  straightfor-  less,  it  takes  high  rank  as  proceeding  upon  a 

ward  that  it  may  well  win  converts,  and  it  may  truly  scientific  basis  at  the  same  time  that  it 

be  distinctly  recommended  to  that  omnivorous  treats  the  subject  of  numismatics  in  an  attrac- 

class  of  readers — 'men  in  the  schools.'   The  his-  live  style  and  is  elegant  enough  to  justify  its 

tory  of  ancient  coins  is  so  interwoven  with  and  appearance  in  the  drawing-room   ....    Six- 

so  vividly  illustrates  the  history  of  ancient  States,  teen  autotype  plates  reproduce  with  marvellous 

that  studentsof  Thucydides  and  Herodotus  can-  reality  more  than  six  hundred  types  of  picked 

not  afford  to  neglect  Professor  Gardner's  intro-  specimens  of  coins  in   every  style,  from   the 

duction  to  Hellenic  numismatics." — Saturday  cabinets  of  the  British  Museum  and  other  col- 

Revietu.  lections,  — A  then<entii. 

'  The  Types  of  Greek  Coins'  is  a  work  which 

THE  BACCHAE  OF  EURIPIDES.  With  Introduction, 
Critical  Notes,  and  Archaeological  Illustrations,  by  J.  E.  Sandys, 
M.A.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  St  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  Public 
Orator.     New  and  Enlarged  Edition.     Crown  8vo.     12s.  6d. 

"Of  the  present  edition  of  the  .ffrtiri://;?  by  Mr  able  advance  in  freedom  and  lightness  of  style. 
Sandys  we  may  safely  say  that  never  before  has  .  .  .  Under  such  circumstances  it  is  superfluous 
a  Greek  play,  in  England  at  least,  had  fuller  to  say  that  for  the  purposes  of  teachers  and  ad- 
justice  done  to  its  criticism,  interpretation,  vanced  students  this  handsome  edition  far  sur- 
and  archa;ological  illustration,  whether  for  the  passes  all  its  predecessors." — AtltciiteiDit. 
young  student  or  the  more  advanced  scholar.  "It  has  not,  like  so  many  such  books,  been 
The  Cambridge  Public  Orator  may  be  said  to  hastily  produced  to  meet  the  moment.ary  need 
have  taken  the  lead  in  issuing  a  complete  edi-  of  some  particular  examination  ;  but  it  has  em- 
tion  of  a  Greek  play,  which  is  destined  perhaps  ployed  for  some  years  the  labour  and  thought 
to  gain  redoubled  favour  now  that  the  study  of  of  a  highly  finished  scholar,  whose  aim  seems 
ancient  monuments  has  been  applied  to  its  il-  to  have  been  that  his  book  should  go  forth  toius 
lustration." — Saticrday  Review.  teres  atque  rotu7idus,  armed  at  all  points  with 

"The    volume    is   interspersed   with  well-  all  that  may  throw  light  upon  its  subject.    The 

executed  woodcuts,  and  its  general  attractive-  result  is  a  work  which  will  not  only  assist  the 

ness  of  form  reflects  great  credit  on  the  Uni-  schoolboy  or  undergraduate  in  his  tasks,  but 

versity  Press.   In  the  notes  Mr  Sandys  has  more  will  adorn   the   library  of  the  scholar." — T^ie 

than  sustained  his  well-earned  reputation  as  a  Guardian. 
careful  and  learned  editor,  and  shows  consider- 

ESSAYS  ON  THE  ART  OF  PHEIDIAS.     By  C.  Wald- 

STEIN,  M.A.,  Phil.  D.,  Reader  in  Classical  Archaeology  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  Royal  8vo.  With  numerous  Illustrations. 
16  Plates.     Buckram,  30J. 

M.  TULLI  CICERONIS  AD.  M.  BRUTUM  ORATOR. 

A  revised  text  edited  with  Introductory  Essays  and  with  critical 
and  explanatory  notes,  by  J.  E.  Sandys,  M.A.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of 
St  John's  College,  and  Public  Orator.     Demy  8vo.     ids. 

M.    TULLI    CICERONIS    DE    FINIBUS    BONORUM 

ET    MALORUM    LIBRI    QUINQUE.     The    text    revised    and 

explained  ;  With  a  Translation  by  JAMES  S.  Reid,  Litt.  D.,  Fellow 

and  Tutor  of  Gonville  and  Caius  College.    3  Vols.  {In  the  Press. 

YOL.  III.     Containing  the  Translation.     Demy  8vo.     8j-. 

M.    T.    CICERONIS     DE     OFFICIIS     LIBRI     TRES, 

with  Marginal  Analysis,  an  English  Commentary,  and  copious 
Indices,  by  H.  A.  Holden,  LL.D.,  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College, 
Cambridge.     Fifth  Edition.     Crown  8vo.     ()s. 

"Dr  Holden  has  issued  an  edition  of  what  assumed  after  two  most  thorough  revisions, 
is  perhaps  the  easiest  and  most  popular  of  leaves  little  or  nothing  to  be  desired  in  the  full- 
Cicero's  philosophical  works,  the  ^^^  Officiis,  ness  and  accuracy  of  its  treatment  alike  of  the 
which,  especially  in  the  form  which  it  has  now  matter  and  the  language." — Academy. 

M.  TVLLI  CICERONIS  PRO  C  RABIRIO  [PERDVEL- 
LIONIS  REO]  ORATIO  AD  Q\TRITES  With  Notes  Introduc- 
tion and  Appendices  by  W  E  Hkitland  MA,  Fellow  and  Lecturer 
of  St  John's  College,  Cambridge.     Demy  Svo.     "js.  6d. 


London  :    C.  J.  Cla  v  ^  Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  IVare/iouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


1—6 


12 


PUBLICATIONS  OF 


AI.    TULLII    CICERONIS    DE    NATURA    DEORUM 

Libri    Ties,   with    Introduction    and    Commentary   by  Joseph    B. 
Mayor,  M.A.,  late  Professor  of  Moral  Philosophy  at  King's  Col- 
lege, London,  together  with  a  new  collation  of  several  of  the  English 
MSS.  by  J.  H.  SWAINSON,  M.A. 
Vol.1.    Demy  8vo.     \os.  6d.       Vol.11,     iis.td.       Vol.  III.     \os. 

"  Such  editions  as  that  of  which  Prof.  Mayor        jetzt,   nachdem   der  grosste  Theil  erschienen 


has  given  us  the  first  instalment  will  doubtless 
do  much  to  remedy  this  undesers'ed  neglect.  It 
is  one  on  which  great  pains  and  much  learning 
have  evidently  been  e.xpended,  and  is  in  every 
way  admirably  suited  to  meet  the  needs  of  the 
student  .  .  .  The  notes  of  the  editor  are  all  that 
could  be  expected  from  his  well-known  learn- 
ing and  scholarship." — Academy. 

"Der  vorliegende  zweite  Band  enthalt 
N.  D.  II.  und  zeigt  ebenso  wie  der  erste  einen 
erheblichen  Fortschritt  gegen  die  bisher  vor- 
handenen  commentirten  Ausgaben.     Man  darf 

P.  VERGILI  MARONIS  OPERA  cum  Prolegomenis 
et  Commentario  Critico  pro  Syndicis  Preli  Academici  edidit  Ben- 
jamin Hall  Kennedy,  S.T.P.,  Graecae  Linguae  Professor  Regius. 
Extra  Fcap.  8vo.     5^. 


ist,  sagen,  dass  niemand,  welcher  sich  sachlich 
oder  kritisch  mit  der  Schrift  De  Nat.  Deor. 
beschaftigt,  die  neue  Ausgabe  wird  ignorlren 
diirfen." — P.  Schwenxkpj  in  JB.  f.  cl.  Alt. 
vol.  35,  p.  go  foil. 

"Neir  edlzione  sua  e  piu  compiuto,  che  in 
qualunque  altra  edizione  anteriore,  e  in  parte 
nuove,  non  meno  1'  apparato  critico  dal  testo 
che  r  esame  ed  il  commento  del  contenuto  del 
libro." — R.  BoNGHi  in  Nuova  Anlologia,  Oct. 
1881,  pp.  717-731. 


MATHEMATICS,  PHYSICAL  SCIENCE,  &c. 

MATHEMATICAL  AND  PHYSICAL  PAPERS.  By 
Sir  W.  Thomson,  LL.D.,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  Professor  of  Natural  Phi- 
losophy in  the  University  of  Glasgow.  Collected  from  different 
Scientific  Periodicals  from  May  1841,  to  the  present  time.  Vol.  L 
Demy  8vo.     \^s.  Vol.  II.     i$s._        [Volume  III.     Li  the  Press. 

'  Wherever  e.\act  science  has  found  a  fol 


lower  Sir  William  Thomson's  name  is  known  as 
a  leader  and  a  master.  For  a  space  of  40  years 
each  of  his  successive  contributions  to  know- 
ledge in  the  domain  of  e.\perimental  and  mathe- 
matical physics  has  been  recognized  as  marking 
a  stage  in  the  progress  of  the  subject.  But,  un- 
happily for  the  mere  learner,  he  is  no  writer  of 
text-books.  His  eager  fertility  overflows  into 
the  nearest  available  journal  .  .  .  The  papers  in 
this  volume  deal  largely  with  the  subject  of  the 
dynamics  of  heat.  They  begin  with  two  or 
three  articles  which  were  in  part  written  at  the 
age  of  17,  before  the  author  had  commenced 
residence  as  an  undergraduate  in  Cambridge." 


—  The  Times. 

"We  are  convinced  that  nothing  has  had  a 
greater  effect  on  the  progress  of  the  theories  of 
electricity  and  magnetism  during  the  last  ten 
years  than  the  publication  of  Sir  W.  Thomson's 
reprint  of  papers  on  electrostatics  and  magnet- 
ism, and  we  believe  that  the  present  volume  is 
destined  in  no  less  degree  to  further  the  ad- 
vancement of  physical  science.  We  owe  the 
modern  dynamical  theory  of  heat  almost  wholly 
to  Joule  and  Thomson,  and  Clausius  and  Ran- 
kine,  and  we  have  here  collected  together  the 
whole  of  Thomson's  investigations  on  this  sub- 
ject, together  with  the  papers  published  jointly 
by  himself  and  Joule." — Glasgow  Herald. 


MATHEMATICAL  AND  PHYSICAL  PAPERS,  by 
George  Gabriel  Stokes,  M.A.,  D.C.L.,  LL.D.,  F.R.S.,  Fellow  of 
Pembroke  College,  and  Lucasian  Professor  of  Mathematics  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  Reprinted  from  the  Original  Journals  and 
Transactions,  with  Additional  Notes  by  the  Author.  Vol.  I.  Demy 
8vo.     1 5.5-.     Vol.  II.     1 5 J.  [Volume  III.     In  the  Press. 

The  volume  of  Professor  Stokes's  papers        necessary,    dissertations.      There    nothing    is 


contains  much  more  than  his  hydrodynamical 
papers.  The  undulatory  theory  of  light  is 
treated,  and  the  difficulties  connected  with  its 
application  to  certain  phenomena,  such  as  aber- 
ration, are  carefully  examined  and  resolved. 
Such  difficulties  are  commonly  passed  over  with 
scant  notice  in  the  text-books  .  .  .  Those  to 
whom  difficulties  like  these  are  real  stumbling- 
blocks  will  still  turn  for  enlightenment  to  Pro- 
fessor   Stokes's   old,    but  still   fresh  and   still 

A 


slurred  over,  nothing  extenuated.  We  learn 
exactly  the  weaknesses  of  the  theory,  and 
the  direction  in  which  the  completer  theory  of 
the  future  must  be  sought  for.  The  same  spirit 
pervades  the  papers  on  pure  mathematics  which 
are  included  in  the  volume.  They  have  a  severe 
accuracy  of  style  which  well  befits  the  subtle 
nature  of  the  subjects,  and  inspires  the  com- 
pletes! confidence  in  theirauthor."— 77;:^  Times. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  MATHEMATICAL  THEORY 
OF  ELASTICITY,  from  Galilei  to  the  present  time.  By  the  late 
I.  Todhunter,  D.  Sc,  F.R.S.,  edited  and  completed  by  Karl 
Pearson,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cambridge. 

[/;/  the  Press. 


London 


C.  y.  Cla  V  iSr*  Soy,  Cambridire  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  13 

THE  SCIENTIFIC  PAPERS  OF  THE  LATE  PROF. 
J.  CLERK  .MAXWELL.  Edited  by  W.  D.  Niven,  ]\LA.  In  2  vols. 
Royal  4to.  \_In  the  Press. 

A  TREATISE  ON  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY.  By 
Sir  W.  Thomson,  LL.D.,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  Professor  of  Natural 
Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Glasgow,  and  P.  G.  Tait,  IVLA., 
Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh. 
Part  L     Demy  8vo.     16s.        Part  11.     Demy  8vo.     iSs. 

"  In  this,  the  second  edition,  we  notice  a        form  within  the  time  at  our  disposal  would  be 
large  amount  of  new  matter,  the  importance  of        utterly  inadequate." — Isiature. 
which  is  such  that  any  opinion  which  we  could 

ELEMENTS  OF  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY.  By  Pro- 
fessors Sir  \V.  Thomson  and  P.  G.  Tait.  Part  L  Demy  8vo. 
Second  Edition,     g^-. 

A   SHORT   HISTORY  OF  GREEK  MATHEMATICS. 

By  J.  Gow,  Litt.D.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College.     Demy  8vo.     \os.  6d. 
A   TREATISE    ON    THE    THEORY    OF   DETERMI- 
nants  and  their  applications  in  Analysis  and  Geometry,  by  R.  F. 
ScOTT,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  St  John's  College,  Cambridge.     Demy  8vo. 

12S. 

HYDRODYNAMICS,  a  Treatise  on  the  Mathematical 
Theory  of  the  Motion  of  Fluids,  by  Horace  Lamb,  M.A.,  formerly 
Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.     Demy  8vo.     12s. 

THE  ANALYTICAL  THEORY  OF  HEAT,  by  Joseph 
Fourier.  Translated,  with  Notes,  by  A.  Freeman,  M.A.,  Fellow 
of  St  John's  College,  Cambridge.     Demy  8vo.     i6s. 

DIOPHANTOS  OF  ALEXANDRIA;  a  Study  in  the 
History  of  Greek  Algebra.  By  T.  L.  Heath,  B.A.,  Fellow  of 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge.     Demy  8vo.     7s.  6d. 

THE  ELECTRICAL  RESEARCHES  OF  THE  Honour- 
able Henry  Cavendish,  F.R.S.  Written  between  1771  and  1781. 
Edited  from  the  original  manuscripts  in  the  possession  of  the  Duke 
of  Devonshire,  K.  G.,  by  the  late  J.  Clerk  Maxwell,  F.R.S. 
Demy  8vo.     18s. 

"  Every  department  of  editorial  duty  ap-  faction  to  Prof.  Maxwell  to  see  this  goodly 
pears  to  have  been  most  conscientiously  per-  vohime  completed  before  his  life's  work  was 
formed  ;  and  it  must  have  been  no  small  s.iti.-,-         Aoni;."  —A t/u'nceiiiit. 

AN  ELEMENTARY  TREATISE  on  QUATERNIONS. 

By  P.  G.  Tait,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Natural  Philosophy  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Edinburgh.     Second  Edition.     Demy  8vo.  I4J-. 

THE  MATHEMATICAL  WORKS  OF  ISAAC  BAR- 
ROW, D.D.     Edited  by  W.  Whewei.l,  D.D.     Demy  Svo.     Ts.  6d. 

AN  ATTEMPT  TO  TEST  THE  THEORIES  OF 
CAPILLARY  ACTION  by  Francis  Bashforth,  B.D.,  and 
J.  C.  Adams,  M.A.,  F.R.S.     Demy  4to.     £1.  is. 

NOTES  ON  OUALITATIVP:  ANALYSIS.  Concise  and 
Explanatory.  "^By  II.  J.  H.  Fentox,  M.A.,  F.I.C.,  F.C.S.,  Demon- 
strator of  Chemistry  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.    Cr.  410.    Js.  6d. 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  PLANTS. 

by  S.  H.  Vines,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Christ's  College.         [Aear/y  ready. 
COUNTERPOINT.     A  Practical  Course  of  Study,  by  Pro- 
fessor  Sir    G.    A.    Macfarren,    M.A.,  Mus.  Doc.     Fifth    Edition, 
revised.     Demy  4to.     7s.  6d. 

London  :    C.  J.  Clav  &»  So.v,  Cambridge  University  Press  IVarehouse, 
Ave  J/dfia  Lane. 


14  PUBLICATIONS  OF 

A  TREATISE  ON  THE  GENERAL  PRINCIPLES  OF 

CHEMISTRY,  by  M.  M.  Pattison  Muir,  M.A.,  Fellow  and  Pra;- 
lector  in  Chemistry  of  Gonville  and  Caius  College.     Demy  8vo.     i^s. 

"Properly  to  review  this  excellent  book  on  Dr  Tilden's  'Introduction  to  Chemical  Philo- 

philosophical   chemistry  1  should  have  to  ask  sophy',  an  admirable  book  in  its  way,  but  rather 

for  half-a-dozen   pages  of  the   Academy.     To  slender.     Mr  Pattison  Muir  having  aimed  at  a 

give  a  notion  of  its  scope  and  of  its  treatment  more  comprehensive   scheme,  has  produced  a 

of  the   important   topics   discussed  in  its   470  systematic  treatise  on  the  principles  of  chemical 

pages,  I  might  quote   the    Preface  in  its  en-  phdosophy  which  stands  far  in  advance  of  any 

tirety,  and  give  a  precis  of  the  table  of  con-  kindred  work  in  our  language.     It  is  a  treatise 

tents  .  .  .  The  value  of  the  book  as  a  digest  of  that  requires  for  its  due  comprehension  a  fair 

the  historical  developments  of  chemical  thought  acquaintance  with  physical  science,  and  it  can 

is  immense." — Academy.  hardly  be  placed  with  advantage  in  the  hands 

"Theoretical  Chemistry  has  moved  so  rapidly  -of  any  one  who  does  not  possess  an  extended 

of  late  years  that  most  of  our  ordinary  text  knowledge  of  descriptive  chemistry.     But  the 

books    have   been    left   far    behind.     German  advanced  student  whose  mind  is  well  equipped 

students,  to  be  sure,  possess  an  excellent  guide  with  an  array  of  chemical  and  physical  facts 

to   the  present  state   of  the   science   in    'Die  can   turn   to   Mr  Muir's   masterly  volume   for 

Modernen    Theorien    der    Chemie'    of    Prof.  unfailing  help  in  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the 

Lothar  Meyer  ;  but  in  this  country  the  student  principles  of  modern  chemistry." — Atlienceum. 
has  had  to  content  himself  with  such  works  as 

THE  FOSSILS  AND  PAL^EONTOLOGICAL  AFFIN- 
ITIES OF  THE  NEOCOMIAN  DEPOSITS  OF  UPWARE 
AND  BRICKHILL  with  Plates,  being  the  Sedgwick  Prize  Essay 
for  the  Year  1879.  By  W.  Keeping,  M.A.,  F.G.S.  Demy  8vo.  io.y.  (^d. 

A  CATALOGUE  OF  BOOKS  AND  PAPERS  ON  PRO- 
TOZOA, CCELENTERATES,  WORMS,  and  certain  smaller  groups 
of  animals,  published  during  the  years  1861 — 1883,  by  D'Arcy  W. 
Thompson,  B.A.,  Scholar  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  Demy  8vo. 
12^-.  dd. 

ASTRONOMICAL  OBSERVATIONS  made  at  the  Obser- 
vatory of  Cambridge  by  the  late  Rev.  James  Challis,  M.A.,  F.R.S., 
F.R.A.S.     For  various  Years,  from  1846  to  i860. 

ASTRONOMICAL  OBSERVATIONS  from  1861  to  1865. 
Vol.  XXI.  Royal  4to.  15^-.  From  1866  to  1869.  Vol.  XXII. 
Royal  4to.  \_NeaTly  ready. 

A  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  COLLECTION  OF  BIRDS 

formed  by  the  late  H.  E.  Strickland,  now  in  the  possession  of  the 
University  of  Cambridge.  By  O.  Salvin,  M.A.  DemySvo.  £i.is. 
A  CATALOGUE  OF  AUSTRALIAN  FOSSILS  (in- 
cluding Tasmania  and  the  Island  of  Timor),  Stratigraphically  and 
Zoologically  arranged,  by  R.  Etheridge,  Jun.,  F.G.S. ,  Acting  Palee- 
ontologist,  H.M.  Geol.  Survey  of  Scotland.     Demy  8vo.     10s.  6d. 

"The  work  IS  arranged  with  great  clearness,         consulted  by  the  author,  and  an  index  to  the 
and  contains  a  full  list  of  the  books  and  papers        genera." — Saturday  Review. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  COMPARATIVE  ANATOMY, 
VERTEBRATE  AND  INVERTEBRATE,  for  the  Use  of  Stu- 
dents in  the  Museum  of  Zoology  and  Comparative  Anatomy.  Second 
Edition.     Demy  8vo.     2s.  6d. 

A  SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE 

BRITISH  PALEOZOIC  ROCKS,  by  the  Rev.  Adam  Sedgwick, 
M.A.,  F.R.S.,  and  Frederick  M'^Coy,  F.G.S.  One  vol.,  Royal  4to. 
Plates,  ^i.  IS. 

A  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  COLLECTION  OF  CAM- 
BRIAN AND  SILURIAN  FOSSILS  contained  in  the  Geological 
Museum  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  by  J.  W.  Salter,  F.G.S. 
With  a  Portrait  of  PROFESSOR  Sedgwick.     Royal  4to.     js.  6d. 

CATALOGUE  OF  OSTEOLOGICAL  SPECIMENS  con- 
tained in  the  Anatomical  Museum  of  the  University  of  Cambridge. 
Demy  8vo.     2s.  6d. 

London  :   C.  J.  Cla  v  &^  Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  15 


LAW. 

THE    INFLUENCE    OF    THE    ROMAN    LAW    ON 

THE   LAW  OF    ENGLAND.     Being  the  Yoike  Prize  Essay  for 
1884.     By  T.  E.  SCRUTTON,  M.A.     Demy  8vo.     \os.  6d. 

AN  ANALYSIS  OF  CRIMINAL  LIABILITY.    By  E.  C. 

Clark,  LL.D.,  Regius  Professor  of  Civil  Law  in  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge, also  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister-at-Law.     Crown  8vo.     js.  6d. 

"Prof.  Clark's  little  book  is  the  substance  Students  of  jurisprudence   will  find   much    to 

of  lectures  delivered  by  him  upon  those  por-  interest  and  instruct  them  in  the  work  ol  Prof, 

tions  of  Austin's  work  on  jurisprudence  which  Clark." — Athenceiim. 
deal   with   the   "operation  of  .sanctions"  .  .  . 

PRACTICAL  JURISPRUDENCE,  a  Comment  on  Austin. 
By  E.  C.  Clark,  LL.D.  Regius  Professor  of  Civil  Law.  Crown 
8vo.     9J-. 

"Damit   schliesst   dieses   inhaltreiche   und        tical  Jurisprudence."— KiJnig.  Ce-«/^.7/Wrti'//«> 
nach  alien  Seiten  anregende  Buch  iibcr  Prac-        Kec/iiswissaisciia/t. 

A  SELECTION  OF  THE  STATE  TRIALS.     By  J.  W. 

WILLIS-BUND,  M.A.,  LL.B.,  Barrister-at-Law,  Professor  of  Con- 
stitutional Law  and  History,  University  College,  London.  Crown 
8vo.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  In  3  parts.  Now  reduced  to  30s.  {oi-igiually 
publisJied  at  dfis.) 

"Mr  Willis-Bund  has  edited  'A  Selection  of  work  than  Howell's." — Saturday  Rez'iew. 
Cases  from  the  State  Trials'  which  is  likely  to  "  But,  although  the  book  is  most  interesting 
form  a  very  valuable  addition  to  the  standard  to  the  historian  of  constitutional  law,  it  is  also 
literature  . .  .  There  can  be  no  doubt,  therefore,  not  without  considerable  value  to  those  who 
of  the  interest  that  can  be  found  in  the  State  seek  information  with  regard  to  procedure  and 
trials.  But  they  are  large  and  unwieldy,  and  it  the  growth  of  the  law  of  evidence.  We  should 
is  impossible  for  the  general  reader  to  come  add  that  Mr  WiUis-Binid  has  given  short  pre- 
across  them.  Mr  Willis-Bund  has  therefore  faces  and  appendices  to  the  trials,  so  as  to  form 
done  good  service  in  making  a  .selection  that  a  connected  narrative  of  the  events  in  history 
is  in  the  first  volume  reduced  to  a  commodious  to  which  they  relate.  We  can  thoroughly  re- 
form."—  The  Exauii7ier.  commend  the  book." — Latu  Times. 

"This  work  is  a  very  useful  contribution  to  "To  a  large  class  of  readers  Mr  Willis- 
that  important  branch  of  the  constitutional  his-  Bund's  compilation  will  thus  be  of  great  as- 
tory  of  England  which  is  concerned  with  the  sistance,  for  he  presents  in  a  convenient  form  a 
growth  and  development  of  the  law  of  treason,  judicious  selection  of  the  principal  statutes  and 
as  it  may  be  gathered  from  trials  before  the  the  leading  cases  bearing  on  the  crime  of  trea- 
ordinary  courts.  The  author  has  very  wisely  son  .  .  .  For  all  classes  of  readers  these  volu,mes 
distinguished  these  c.ises  from  t'hose  of  im-  possess  an  indirect  interest,  arising  from  the 
peachment  for  treason  before  Parliament,  which  nature  of  the  cases  themselves,  from  the  men 
he  proposes  to  treat  in  a  future  volume  under  who  were  actors  in  them,  and  from  the  numerous 
the  general  head  '  Proceedings  in  Parliament.'"  points  of  social  life  whicli  are  incidentally  illus- 
—  Tlie  Academy.  trated  in  the  course  of  the  trials.  On  these 
"This  is  a  work  of  such  obvious  utility  that  features  we  have  not  dwelt,  but  have  preferred 
the  only  wonder  is  that  no  one  .should  have  un-  to  show  that  the  book  is  a  valuable  contribution 
dertaken  it  before  ...  In  many  respects  there-  to  the  study  of  the  subject  with  which  it  pro- 
fore,  although  the  trials  are  more  or  le.ss  fesses  to  deal,  namely,  the  history  of  the  law  of 
abridged,  this  is  for  the  ordinary  student's  pur-  treason." — Athciucuin. 
pose  not  only  a  more  handy,  but  a  more  useful 

Vol.  III.     ///  the  Press. 

THE  FRAGMENTS  OF  THE  PERPETUAL  EDICT 
OF  SALVIUS  JULIAN  US,  collected,  arranged,  and  annotated  by 
Bryan  Walker,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Law  Lecturerof  Stjohn's  College, and 
late  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cambridge.     Crown  8vo.     bs. 

"  In  the  present  book  we  have  the  fruits  of  such  a  student  will  be  interested  as  well  asper- 
the  same  kind  of  thorough  and  well-ordered  haps  surprised  to  find  how  abundantly  the  ex- 
study  which  was  brought  to  bear  upon  the  notes  tant  fragments  illustrate  and  clear  up  pomts 
to  the  Commentaries  and  the  Institutes  .  .  .  which  have  attracted  his  attention  in  the  Corn- 
Hitherto  the  Edict  has  been  almost  inac-  mentaries,  or  the  Institutes,  or  the  Digest." — 
cessible  to  the  ordinary  English  student,  and  Law  Times. 


London:    C.  J.  Clav  Sr'  So.v,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


1 6  PUBLICATIONS  OF 

AN  INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  STUDY  OF  JUS- 
TINIAN'S  DIGEST.  Containing  an  account  of  its  composition 
and  of  the  Jurists  used  or  referred  to  therein,  together  with  a  full 
Commentary  on  one  Title  (de  usufructu),  by  Henry  J  ohn  Roby,  M.A., 
formerly  Prof,  of  Jurisprudence,  University  College,  London.  Demy 
8vo.     i8j-. 

"  Not  an  obscurity,  philological,  historical,  tamed    and    developed.     Roman    law,   almost 

or  legal,  has  been  left  unsifted.      JNlore  inform-  more  than  Roman  legions,  was  the  backbone 

ing  aid  still  has  been  supplied  to  the  student  of  of  the  Roman  commonwealth.     Mr  Roby,  by 

the  Digest  at  large  by  a  preliminary  account,  his  careful  sketch  of  the  sages  of  Roman  law, 

covering   nearly    300   pages,    of    the    mode    of  from     Se.\tus     Papirius,    under    Tarquin    the 

composition   of  the   Digest,  and  of  the  jurists  Proud,  to  the  Byzantine  Bar,  has  contributed  to 

■whose  decisions  and   arguments  constitute  its  render  the  tenacity  and  durability  of  the  most 

substance.      Nowhere  else  can   a  clearer  view  enduring  polity  the  world  has  ever  experienced 

be  obtained  of  the  personal  succession  by  which  somewhat  more  intelligible." — The  Times. 
the  tradition  of  Roman  legal  science  was  sus- 

THE  COMMENTARIES  OF  GAIUS  AND  RULES  OF 

ULPIAN.  With  a  Translation  and  Notes,  by  J.  T.  Abdy,  LL.D., 
Judge  of  County  Courts,  late  Regius  Professor  of  Laws  in  the 
University  of  Cambridge,  and  Bryan  Walker,  IvLA.,  LL.D.,  Law 
Lecturer  of  St  John's  College,  Cambridge,  formerly  Law  Student  of 
Trinity  Hall  and  Chancellor's  Medallist  for  Legal  Studies.  New 
Edition  by  Bryan  Walker.     Crown  8vo.     i6s. 

"As  scholars  and  as  editors  Messrs  Abdy  way   of  reference  or  necessary   e.xplanation. 

and  Walker  have  done  their  work  well  .  .  .  For  Thus  the  Roman  jurist  is  allowed  to  speak  for 

one  thing  the  editors  deserve  special  commen-  himself,  and  the  reader  feels  that  he  is  really 

dation.     They  have  presented   Gaius  to   the  studying  Roman  law  in  the  original,  and  not  a 

reader  with  few  notes  and  those  merely  by  fanciful  representation  of  it." — Atkenceum. 

THE  INSTITUTES  OF  JUSTINIAN,  translated  with 
Notes  by  J.  T.  Abdy,  LL.D.,  and  Bryan  Walker,  M.A.,  LL.D. 
Crown  8vo.     i6.y. 

"We  welcome  here  a  valuable  contribution  the  ordinary  student,  whose  attention  is  dis- 

to  the  study  of  jurisprudence.     The  text  of  the  tracted   from   the   subject-matter   by   the    dif- 

Institutes  is  occasionally  perplexing,  even  to  ficulty  of  struggling  through  the  language  in 

practised  scholars,  whose  knowledge  of  clas-  which  it  is  contained,  it  will  be  almost  indis- 

sical  models  does  not   always  avail   them   in  pensable." — Spectator. 

dealing  with  the  technicalities  of  legal  phrase-  "The  notes  are  learned  and  carefully  com- 

ology.     Nor  can  the  ordinary  dictionaries   be  piled,  and  this  edition  will  be  found  useful  to 

expected  to  furnish  all  the  help  that  is  wanted.  students." — Law  Times. 
This  translation  will  then  be  of  great  use.     To 

SELECTED  TITLES  FROM  THE  DIGEST,  annotated 
by  B.  Walker,  M.A.,  LL.D.  Part  L  Mandati  vel  Contra.  Digest 
xvn.  I.     Crown  8vo.     s^. 

"This  small  volume  is  published  as  an  ex-  IMr  Walker  deserves  credit  for  the  way  in  which 

periment.     The  author  proposes  to  publish  an  he  has  performed  the  task  undertaken.     The 

annotated   edition  and   translation   of  several  translation,  as  might  be  expected,  is  scholarly." 

books  of  the  Digest  if  this  one  is  received  with  ■ — Law  Times. 
favour.     We  are  pleased  to  be  able  to  say  that 

Part  n.     De  Adquirendo  rerum  dominio  and  De  Adquirenda  vel 

amittenda  possessione.     Digest  xll  i  and  ii.     Crown  8vo.     6s. 

Part  III.    De  Condictionibus.    Digest  xn.  i  and  4 — 7  and  Digest 

XIII.  1—3.     Crown  8vo.     6^. 

GROTIUS  DE  JURE  BELLI  ET  PACIS,  with  the  Notes 
of  Barbeyrac  and  others ;  accompanied  by  an  abridged  Translation 
of  the  Text,  by  W.  Whewell,  D.D.  late  Master  of  Trinity  College. 
3  Vols.     Demy  8vo.     \2s.     The  translation  separate,  6j. 

London:    C.  J.  Clay  Qt^  Soy,  Cambridge  University  Press  JVare/ionse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS. 


17 


HISTOBT. 

LIFE  AND  TIMES  OF  STEIN,  OR  GERMANY  AND 
PRUSSIA  IN  THE  NAPOLEONIC  AGE,  by  J.  R.  Seeley, 
M.A.,  Regius  Professor  of  Modern  History  in  the  University  of 
Cambridge,  with  Portraits  and  Maps.  3  Vols.  Demy  8vo.  Now 
reduced  to  SOi-.  {originally  published  at  48^.) 


"  Dr  Busch's  volume  has  made  people  think 
and  talk  even  more  than  usual  of  Prince  P.is- 
marck,  and  ProfessorSeeley's  very  learned  work 
on  Stein  will  turn  attention  to  an  earlier  and  an 
almost  equally  eminent  German  statesman.  It 
has  been  the  good  fortune  of  Prince  Bismarck 
to  help  to  raise  Prussia  to  a  position  which  she 
had  never  before  attained,  and  ;o  complete  the 
work  of  German  unification.  The  frustrated 
labours  of  Stein  in  the  same  field  were  also 
very  great,  and  well  worthy  to  be  taken  into 
account.  He  was  one,  perhaps  the  chief,  of 
the  illustrious  group  of  strangers  who  came  to 
the  rescue  of  Prussia  in  her  darkest  hour,  about 
the  time  of  the  inglorious  Peace  of  Tilsit,  and 
who  laboured  to  put  life  and  order  into  her 
dispirited  army,  her  impoverished  finances,  and 
her  inefficient  Civil  Service.  Stein  strove,  too, 
— no  man  more, — for  the  cause  of  unification 
when  it  seemed  almost  folly  to  hope  for  suc- 
cess. Englishmen  will  feel  very  pardonable 
pride  at  seeing  one  of  their  countrymen  under- 
take to  write  the  history  of  a  period  from  llie 
investigation  of  which  even  laborious  Germans 


are  apt  to  shwTik.."— Times. 

"  In  a  notice  of  this  kind  scant  justice  can 
be  done  to  a  work  like  the  one  before  us;  no 
short  resume  can  give  even  the  most  meagre 
notion  of  the  contents  of  these  volumes,  which 
contain  no  page  that  is  superfluous,  and  none 
that  is  uninteresting  ....  To  understand  the 
Germany  of  to-day  one  must  study  the  Ger- 
many of  many  yesterdays,  and  now  that  study 
has  been  made  easy  by  this  work,  to  which  no 
one  can  hesitate  to  assign  a  very  high  place 
among  those  recent  histories  which  have  aimed 
at  original  research." — AtlienwKin. 

"We  congratulate  Cambridge  and  her  Pro- 
fessor of  History  on  the  appearance  of  such  a 
noteworthy  production.  And  we  may  add  that 
it  is  something  upon  which  we  may  congra- 
tulate England  that  on  the  especial  field  of  the 
Germans,  history,  on  the  history  of  their  own 
country,  by  the  use  of  their  own  literary 
weapons,  an  Englishman  has  produced  a  his- 
tory of  Germany  in  the  Napoleonic  age  far 
superior  to  any  that  exists  in  German." — Ex- 
aminer. 


THE    GROWTH    OF    ENGLISH     INDUSTRY    AND 

COMMERCE.  By  W.  Cunningham,  B.D.,  late  Deputy  to  the 
Knightbridge  Professor  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.  With 
Maps  and  Charts.     Crown  Svo.     \is. 

"Mr   Cunningham   is   not  likely  to  disap-  merce  have  grown.     It  is  with  the  process  of 

point  any  readers  except  such  as  begin  by  mis-  growth  that  he  is  concerned  ;  and  this  process 

taking  the  character  of  his  book.     He  does  not  he  traces  with  the  philosophical  insight  which 

promise,  and  does  not  give,  an  account  of  the  distinguishes  between  what   is   important  and 

dimensions  to  which  English  industry  and  com-  what  is  trivial." — Cuardiaii. 

THE    UNIVERSITY    OF   CAMBRIDGE    FROM    THE 

EARLIEST  TIMES  TO  THE  ROYAL  INJUNCTIONS  OF 
1535,  by  J.  B.  MuLLlNGER,  M.A.,  Lecturer  on  History  and  Librarian 
to  St  John's  College.     Part  I.    Demy  Svo.  (734  pp.),  12s. 

Part  II,     From  the  Royal  Injunctions  of   1535  to  the  Accession  of 

Charles  the  First.     Demy  Svo.     iSj. 

"That  Mr  Mullinger's  work  should  admit 


of  being  regarded  as  a  continuous  narrative, 
in  which  character  it  has  no  predecessors 
worth  mentioning,  is  one  of  the  many  advan- 
tages it  possesses  over  annalistic  compilations, 
even  so  valuable  as  Cooper's,  as  well  as  over 
At/icnae." — Prof.  A.  W.  Ward  in  the  Academy. 

"The  entire  work  is  a  model  of  accurate 
and  industrious  scholarship.  The  same  quali- 
ties that  distinguished  the  earlier  volume  are 
again  visible,  and  the  whole  is  still  conspi- 
cuous for  minuteness  and  fidelity  of  workman- 
ship and  breadth  and  toleration  of  view." — 
Azotes  and  Queries. 

"Mr  Mullinger  has  brought  to  his  present 
task  an  intimate  and  extensive  acquaintance 
with  the  literature  of  the  period,  the  true 
student  habit  of  minute  and  patient  investiga- 
tion of  details  and  the  real  judicial  instinct 
of  sifting  materials,  weighing  evidence,  and 
honestly  endeavouring  to  arrive   at   an   equit- 


able decision  in  all  matters  on  which  a  decision 
has  to  be  given  ...  He  has  succeeded  per- 
fectly in  presenting  the  earnest  and  thoughtful 
student  with  a  thorough  and  trustworthy  his- 
tory. " — Gita  rdian. 

"  Mr  Mullinger's  narrative  omits  nothing 
which  is  required  by  the  fullest  interpretation 
of  his  subject.  He  shews  in  the  statutes  of 
the  Colleges,  the  internal  organization  of  the 
University,  its  connection  with  national  pro- 
blems, its  studies,  its  social  life,  and  the 
activity  of  its  leading  members.  All  this  he 
manages  to  combine  in  a  form  which  is 
eminently  readable." — Pkof.  Ckeighton  in 
the  Cent.  Kevie^v. 

"  Mr  Mullinger  displays  an  admirable 
thoroughness  in  his  work.  Nothing  could  be 
more  exhaustive  and  conscientious  than  his 
method  :  and  his  style,  when  not  cramped  by 
inevitable  detail,  is  picturesque  and  elevated." 
—  Times. 


TRAVELS  IN  NORTHERN  ARABIA  IN  1876  AND 
1877.  By  Charles  M.  Doughty,  of  Gonville  and  Caius  College. 
With  Illustrations.     Demy  Svo.  [I"  the  Press. 


London:   C.  J.  Clay 


So.v,  Camh'idce'  University  Press  U'areJiousc^ 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


1 8  PUBLICATIONS  OF 

STUDIES    IN    THE    LITERARY    RELATIONS    OF 

ENGLAND  WITH  GERMANY  IN  THE  SIXTEENTH 
CENTURY.     By  C.  H.  Herford,  M.A.  [/;/  the  Press. 

CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLES  OF  GREEK  HISTORY. 

Accompanied  by  a  short  narrative  of  events,  with  references  to  the 
sources  of  information  and  extracts  from  the  ancient  authorities,  by 
Carl  Peter.  Translated  from  the  German  by  G.  Chawner, 
M.A,,  Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cambridge.     Demy  4to.     \os. 

"As  a  handy  book  of  reference  for  genuine        ticnlar  point  as  quickly  as  possible,  the  Tables 
students,  or  even  for  learned  men  who  want  to        are  useful." — Academy. 
lay  their  hands  on  an  authority  for  some  par- 

CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLES  OF  ROMAN  HISTORY. 

By  the  same.  {Preparing. 

HISTORY  OF  THE   COLLEGE  OF   ST   JOHN   THE 

EVANGELIST,  by  Thomas  Baker,  B.D.,  Ejected  Fellow.  Edited 
by  John  E.  B.  Mayor,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  St  John's.  Two  Vols. 
Demy  8vo.     24^-. 

"To  antiquaries  the  book  will  be  a  source  "The  work  displaysvery  wide  reading,  and 

of  almost   inexhaustible   amusement,    by   his-  it  will  be  of  great  use  to  members  of  the  col- 

torians  it  will  be  found  a  work  of  considerable  lege  and  of  the   university,  and,  perhaps,  of 

service  on  questions  respecting  our  social  pro-  still  greater  use  to  students  of  English  his- 

gress  in  past  times;  and  the  care  and  thorough-  tory,    ecclesiastical,    political,   social,   literary 

ness  with  which  Mr  Mayor  has  discharged  his  and  academical,  who  have  hitherto  had  to  be 

editorial  functions  are  creditable  to  his  learning  content  with  'Dyer.'" — Academy. 
and  industry." — Atheturuin. 

HISTORY  OF  NEPAL,  translated  by  MuNSHi  Shew 
Shunker  Singh  and  Pandit  ShrI  Gunanand;  edited  with  an 
Introductory  Sketch  of  the  Country  and  People  by  Dr  D.  Wright, 
late  Residency  Surgeon  at  Kathmandti,  and  with  facsimiles  of  native 
drawings,  and  portraits  of  Sir  Jung  Bahadur,  the  King  of  Nepal, 
&c.  Super-royal  8vo.  Now  reduced  to  10^-.  6^.  {originally  pub- 
lished at  21  s.) 

"  The    Cambridge    University   Press  have  volume.     The  coloured  lithographic  plates  are 

done  well  m  publishing  this  work.    Such  trans-  interesting." — Naiicre. 

lations  are  valuable  not  only  to  the  historian  "The  history  has  appeared   at  a  very  op- 

but  also  to  the   ethnologist;.  .  .  Dr  Wright's  portune  moment. ..The  volume. ..is  beautifully 

Introduction  is  based  on  personal  inquiry  and  printed,  and  supplied  with  portraits  of  Sit  Jung 

observation,  is  written  intelligently  and  can-  Bahadoor    and    others,    and     with    excellent 

didly,   and  adds  much  to   the  value   of   the  coloured  sketches  illustrating  Nepaulese  archi- 
tecture and  religion." — Exatniner. 

SCHOLAE  ACADEMICAL:  some  Account  of  the  Studies 
at  the  English  Universities  in  the  Eighteenth  Century.  By  Chris- 
topher Wordsworth,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Peterhouse ;  Author  of 
"  Social  Life  at  the  English  Universities  in  the  Eighteenth  Century." 
Demy  8vo.    Now  reduced  to  10.y.  ^d.  {originally  published  at  i^s.) 

"The  general  object  of  Mr  Wordsworth's  "Only  those  who  have  engaged  in  like  la- 
book  is  sufficiently  apparent  from  its  title.  He  hours  will  be  able  fully  to  appreciate  the 
has  collected  a  great  quantity  of  minute  and  sustained  industry  and  conscientious  accuracy 
curious  information  about  the  working  of  Cam-  discernible  in  every  page  .  .  .  Of  the  whole 
bridge  institutions  in  the  last  century,  with  an  volume  it  may  be  said  that  it  is  a  genuine 
ficcasional  comparison  of  the  corresponding  service  rendered  to  the  study  of  University 
state  of  things  at  Oxford  .  .  .  To  a  great  extent  historj-,  and  that  the  habits  of  thought  of  any 
it  is  purely  a  book  of  reference,  and  as  such  it  writer  educated  at  either  seat  of  learning  in 
will  be  of  permanent  value  for  the  historical  the  last  century  will,  in  many  cases,  be  far 
knowledge  of  English  education  and  learning. "  better  understood  after  a  consideration  of  the 
— Saturday  Review.  materials  here  collected." — Academy. 

THE  ARCHITECTURAL  HISTORY  OF  THE  UNI- 
VERSITY AND  COLLEGES  OF  CAMBRIDGE,  by  the  late 
Professor  Willis,  M.A.  With  numerous  Maps,  Plans,  and  Illustra- 
tions. Continued  to  the  present  time,  and  edited  by  John  Willis 
Clark,  M.A.,  formerly  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

{Nearly  ready. 

London:    C.  y.  Cla^'  ^  .Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  19 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

KINSHIP  AND  MARRIAGE  IN  EARLY  ARABIA, 
by  W.  Robertson  Smith,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Lord  Almoner's  Professor  of 
Arabic  in  the  University  of  Cambridge.     Crown  8vo.     yj.  bd. 

"FROM  SHAKESPEARE  TO  POPE";  an  Inquiry  into 
the  causes  and  phenomena  of  the  rise  of  Classical  Poetry  in  England. 
By  Edmund  Gosse,  Clark  Lecturer  in  English  Literature  at  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.     Crown  8vo.    6^. 

THE  LITERATURE  OF  THE  FRENCH  RENAIS- 
SANCE. An  Introductory  Essay.  By  A.  A.  Tilley,  M.A.,  Fellow 
and  Tutor  of  King's  College,  Cambridge.     Crown  8vo.     ds. 

THE  DESPATCHES  OF  EARL  GOWER,  English  Am- 
bassador at  the  court  of  Versailles  from  June  1790  to  August  1792, 
to  which  are  added  the  Despatches  of  Mr  Lindsay  and  Air  Alunro, 
and  the  Diary  of  Lord  Palmerston  in  France  during  July  and 
August  1791.  By  Oscar  Browning,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge.     Demy  8vo.     15^-. 

A  CATALOGUE  OF  ANCIENT  MARBLES  IN  GREAT 
BRITAIN,  by  Prof.  Adolf  Michaelis.  Translated  by  C.  A.  M. 
Fennell,  Litt.  D.,  late  Fellow  of  Jesus  College.  Royal  8vo.  Rox- 
burgh (Morocco  back),  £2.  2s. 

"The  object  of  the  present  work  of  Mich-  German,  but  appears  for  the  first  time  in  the 

aelis  is  to  describe  and  make  known  the  vast  EngHsh  translation.     All  lovers  of  true  ai  t  and 

treasures  of  ancient  sculpture  now  accumulated  of  good  work  should  be  grateful  to  the  Syndics 

in  the  galleries  of  Great  Britain,  the  extent  and  of  the  University  Press  for  the  liberal  facilities 

value  of  which  are  scarcely  appreciated,  and  afforded   by  them  towards   the   production  of 

chiefly  so  because  there  has  hitherto  been  little  this  important  volume  by  Professor  Michaelis." 

accessible    information    about    them.     To    the  — Saturday  Ke^iiezu. 

loving  labours  of  a  learned  German  the  owners  "'Ancient   Marbles'  here   mean   relics  of 

of  art  treasures  in  England  are  for  the  second  Greek   and    Roman   origin   which   have   been 

time  indebted  for  a  full  description  of  their  rich  imported    into    Great    Britain    from    classical 

possessions.     Waagen  gave  to  the  private  col-  soil.     How   rich   this   island   is   in   respect   to 

lections  of  pictures  the  advantage  of  his  in-  these  remains  of  ancient  art,  every  one  knows, 

spection  and  cultivated  acquaintance  with  art,  but  it  is  equally  well  known  that  these  trea- 

and  now  Michaelis  performs   the   same  office  sures  had  been   most   inadequately  described 

for  the  still  less  known  private  hoards  of  an-  before  the  author  of  this  work  undertook  the 

tique   sculptures   for  which  our  country  is  so  labour  of  description.     Professor  Michaelis  has 

remarkable.    The  book  is  beautifully  executed,  achieved   so   high  a  fame   as  an   authority  in 

and  with  its  few  handsome  plates,  and  excel-  classical    archaeology   that   it   seems   unneces- 

lent  indexes,  does   much   credit  to  the  Cam-  sary  to   say  how  good  a  book   this  is."—  The 

bridge   Press.      It   has   not   been   printed   in  AtUiquary. 

LECTURES  ON  TEACHING,  delivered  in  the  University 
of  Cambridge  in  the  Lent  Term,  18S0.  By  J.  G.  FlTCH,  M.A.,  Her 
Majesty's  Inspector  of  Schools.     Crown  8vo.     New  Edition.     5^. 

"The  lectures  will  be  found  most  interest-  seen  something  of  the  machinery  of  our  higher 

ing,  and  deserve  to  be  carefully  studied,  not  schools  .  .  .  Mr  Fitch's  book  covers  so  wide  a 

only   by   persons   directly  concerned  with   in-  field  and  touches  on  so  many  burning  questions 

struction,  but  by  parents  who  wish  to  be  able  that  we  must  be  content  to  recommend  it  as 

to    exercise    an    intelligent   judgment   in    the  the  best  existing  vadc  titecum  for  the  teacher, 

choice  of  schools  and  teachers  for  their  chil-  — I'all  Mali  Gazi-tte. 

dren.     For  ourselves,  we  could  almost  wi>h  to  "'I'hcrcfore,  without  reviewing  the  book  for 

be  of  school  age  again,  to   learn   history  and  the  second  time,  we  arc  glad  to  avail  ourselves 

geography  from   some   one   who   could   teach  of  the  opportunity  of  calling  attention  to  the 

them  after  the  pattern  set  by  Mr  B'itch  to  his  re-issue  of  the  volume  in  the  five-shilling  form, 

audience" — Saturday  Kcvinv.  bringing  it  within  the  reach  of  the   rank  and 

"As  principal  of  a  training  college  and  as  a  file  of  the  profession.     We  cannot  let  the  oc- 

Government  inspector  of  schools,  Mr  Fitch  has  casion  pass  without  m.iking  .special  reference  to 

got  at  iiis  fingers'  ends  the  working  of  primary  the  excellent  section  on  'punishments'  in  the 

education,  while   as  assistant  commissioner  to  lecture  on 'Discipline.'" — School  Board  Chron- 

the  late  Endowed  Schools  Commission  he  has  iclc. 

RHODES  IN  ANCIENT  Ti:\I]':S.  By  Ckcil  Torr,  M.A. 
With  six  plates.     \os.  6d. 

London  :    C.  J.  Clay  &^  So.v,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse^ 
Ave  ^Taria  Lane. 


PUBLICATIONS  OF 


STATUTES  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CAMBRIDGE 

and  for  the  Colleges  therein,  made  pubhshed  and  approved  (1878 — 
1882)  under  the  Universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  Act,  1877. 
With  an  Appendix.     Demy  8vo.     16^-. 

GRADUATI     CANTABRIGIENSES  :      SIVE     CATA- 

LOGUS  exhibens  nomina  eorum  quos  ab  Anno  Academico  Admis- 
sionum  MDCCC  usque  adoctavum  diem  Octobris  MDCCCLXXXIV 
gradu  quocunque  ornavit  Academia  Cantabrigiensis,  e  libris  sub- 
scriptionum  desumptus.  Cura  Henrici  RICHARDS  LUARD  S.  T.  P. 
Coll.  SS.  Trin.  Socii  atque  Academite  Registrarii.   DemySvo.    12s.  6d. 

THE  WOODCUTTERS  OF  THE  NETHERLANDS 

during  the  last  quarter  of  the  Fifteenth  Century.  In  three  parts. 
I.  History  of  the  Woodcutters.  II.  Catalogue  of  their  Woodcuts. 
III.  List  of  the  Books  containing  Woodcuts.  By  WiLLlAM  Martix 
Conway.     Demy  8vo.     los.  6d. 

A  GRAMMAR  OF  THE  IRISH  LANGUAGE.  By  Prof. 
WiNDisCH.    Translated  by  Dr  Norman  Moore.   Crown  8vo.    ']s.bd. 

STATUTES  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CAMBRIDGE. 
With  some  Acts  of  Parliament  relating  to  the  University.  Demy 
8vo.     y.  6d. 

ORDINANCES  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CAM- 
BRIDGE.    Demy  8vo.,  cloth.    ys.6d. 

TRUSTS,    STATUTES    AND    DIRECTIONS    affecting 

(i)  The  Professorships  of  the  University.  (2)  The  Scholarships 
and  Prizes.     (3)    Other  Gifts  and  Endowments.     Demy  8vo.     5^. 

COMPENDIUM    OF    UNIVERSITY    REGULATIONS, 

for  the  use  of  persons  in  Statu  Pupillari.     Demy  8vo.     6d. 

CATALOGUE    OF    THE    HEBREW   MANUSCRIPTS 

preserved  in   the  University    Library,  Cambridge.     By   Dr    S.   M. 
Schiller-Szinessy.     Volume    I.  containing    Section  I.    The  Holy 
Scriptures;  Section  ll.  Conuiientaries  on  the  Bible.    Demy  8vo.    ()s. 
Volume  II.     In  the  Press. 

A  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  MANUSCRIPTS  preserved 
in  the  Library  of  the  University  of  Cambridge.  Demy  8vo.  5  Vols, 
loj-.  each. 

INDEX  TO  THE  CATALOGUE.     DemySvo.     los. 

A  CATALOGUE  OF  ADVERSARIA  and  printed  books 
containing  MS.  notes,  preserved  in  the  Library  of  the  University  of 
Cambridge.     3^.  6d. 

THE  ILLUMINATED  MANUSCRIPTS  IN  THE  LI- 
BRARY OF  THE  FITZWILLIAM  MUSEUM,  Catalogued  with 
Descriptions,  and  an  Introduction,  by  William  George  Searle, 
M.A.,  late  Fellow  of  Queens'  College,  and  Vicar  of  Hockington, 
Cambridgeshire.     Demy  8vo.     ys.  6d. 

A    CHRONOLOGICAL    LIST     OF    THE     GRACES, 

Documents,  and  other  Papers  in  the  University  Registry  which 
concern  the  University  Library.     Demy  8vo.     2s.  6d. 

CATALOGUS  BIBLIOTHEC^  BURCKHARDTIAN^. 

Demy  410.     5^. 

London:  C.  y.  Clay  Sr'  Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  21 

Cl[)e  CambnUtre  2$il)Ie   for  ^cftools)   anti 
CoIIecjes;* 

General  Editor  :    The  Very  Reverend  J.  J.  S.  Perowne,  D.D., 
Dean  of  Peterborough. 


The  want  of  an  Annotated  Edition  of  the  Bible,  in  handy  portions,  suitable  for 
School  use,  has  long  been  felt. 

In  order  to  provide  Text-books  for  School  and  l'2xamination  purposes,  the 
Cambridge  University  Press  has  arranged  to  publish  the  several  books  of  the 
Bible  in  separate  portions  at  a  moderate  price,  with  introductions  and  explanatory 
notes. 

The  Very  Reverend  J.  J.  S.  Perowne,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Peterborough,  has 
undertaken  the  general  editorial  supervision  of  the  work,  assisted  by  a  staff  of 
eminent  coadjutors.  Some  of  the  books  have  been  already  edited  or  undertaken 
by  the  following  gentlemen  : 

Rev.  A.  Carr,  M.A.,  late  Assistant  Master  at  Wellington  College. 

Rev.  T.  K.  Cheyne,  M.A.,  D.D.,  late  Fellow  of  Balliol  College,  Oxford. 

Rev.  S.  Cox,  Nottinqhatn. 

Rev.  A.  B.  Davidson,  D.D.,  Professor  of  Hehi-no,  Edinburgh. 

The  Ven.  F.  W.  Farrar,  D.D.,  Archdeacon  of  Westminster. 

Rev.  C.  D.  Ginsburg,  LL.D. 

Rev.  A.  E.  Humphreys,  M.A.,  late  Felloiv  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge. 

Rev.  A.  F.  KiRKPATRiCK,  M.A.,  Fellozu  of  Trinity  College,  Regius  Professor 

of  Hebrew. 
Rev.  J.  J.  Lias,  M.A.,  late  Professor  at  St  David's  College,  Lampeter. 
Rev.  J.  R.  LuMBY,  D.D.,  Norrisian  Professor  of  Divinity. 
Rev.  G.  F.  Maclear,  D.D.,  Warden  of  St  Augustine's  College,  Canterbury. 
Rev.  H.  C.  G.  Moule,,  M.A.,  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,   Principal  of 

Ridley  Hall,  Cambridge. 
Rev.  W.  F.  MoULTON,  D.D.,  Head  Master  of  the  Leys  School,  Cambridge. 
Rev.  E.  II.  Perowne,  D.D.,  Master  of  Corpus  Chris ti  College,  Cambridge, 

Examining  Chaplain  to  the  Bishop  of  St  Asaph. 

The  Ven.  T.  T.  Perowne,  M.A.,  Ai-chdeacon  of  N'oruuch. 

Rev.  A.  Plummer,  M.A.,  D.D.,  Master  of  University  College,  Durham. 

The  Very  Rev.  E.  H.  Plumptre,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Wells. 

Rev.  W.  SiMCOX,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Weyhill,  Hants. 

The  Very  Rev.  R.  Payne  Smith,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Canterbury. 

W.  Robertson  Smith,  M.A.,  Lord  Almomr's  Professor  of  Arabic. 

Rev.  H.  D.  M.  Spence,  M.A.,  Hon.  Canon  of  Gloucester  Cathedral. 

Rev.  A.  W.  Streane,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cambridge. 

"The  modesty  of  the  general  title  of  this  series  has,  we  beheve,  led  many  to  misimderstand 
its  character  and  underrate  its  value.  The  bouks  arc  well  suited  for  study  in  the  upper  forms  of 
our  best  schools,  but  not  the  less  are  they  adapted  to  the  w.inls  of  all  Bible  students  who  are  not 
specialists.  We  doubt,  indeed,  whether  any  of  the  numerous  popular  commentaries  recently 
issued  in  this  country  will  be  found  more  serviceable  for  general  use." — Academy. 


London:   C.  J.  Clay  ^  Sox,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse^ 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


22  PUBLICATIONS  OF 

THE  CAMBRIDGE  BIBLE  FOR  SCHOOLS  &  COLLEGES. 

Conti)iHcd. 

Now  Ready.    Cloth,  Extra  Fcap.  8vo. 

THE  BOOK  OF  JOSHUA.     By  the  Rev.  G.  F.  Maclear,  D.D. 
With  2  Maps.     2J-.  612'. 

THE    BOOK    OF    JUDGES.      By   the   Rev.   J.  J.   Lias,    M.A. 

With  Map.     IS.  6d. 

THE    FIRST    BOOK    OF    SAMUEL.     By   the   Rev.    Professor 
KiRKPATRiCK,  M.A.     With  Map.     3^-.  6d. 

THE   SECOND    BOOK   OF   SAMUEL.     By  the  Rev.  Professor 

Kirkpatrick,  M.A.     With  2  Maps.     y.  6d. 

THE  BOOK  OF  JOB.     By  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Davidson,  D.D.     5^. 

THE   BOOK   OF   ECCLESIASTES.     By  the  Very  Rev.  E.  H. 

Plumptre,  D.D. ,  Dean  of  Wells,     ^s. 

THE   BOOK   OF   JEREML\H.     By  the   Rev.  A.  W.   Streane, 
M.A.     With  Map.     45.  6d. 

THE  BOOK  OF  HOSEA.    By  Rev.  T.  K.  Cheyne,  M.A.,  D.D.  3^-. 

THE  BOOKS  OF  OBADIAH  AND  JONALL     By  Archdeacon 

Perowne.     2^-.  6d. 
THE  BOOK  OF  MICAH.     By  Rev.  T.  K.  Cheyne,  M.A.,  D.D. 

li-.  6d. 

THE    GOSPEL    ACCORDLNG    TO    ST   MATTHEW.     By  the 

Rev.  A.  Carr,  M.A.     With  2  Maps,     is.  6d. 

THE   GOSPEL   ACCORDING   TO   ST   MARK.      By  the  Rev. 
G.  F.  Maclear,  D.D.     With  4  Maps.     2s.  6d. 

THE  GOSPEL  ACCORDING  TO  ST  LUKE.     By  Archdeacon 

F.  W.  Farrar.     With  4  M;aps.     4J-.  6d. 

THE   GOSPEL   ACCOP.DING   TO   ST   JOHN.      By   the   Rev. 
A.  Plummer,  M.A.,  D.D.     With  4  Maps.     4^-.  6d. 

THE    ACTS    OF    THE    APOSTLES.      By   the   Rev.    Professor 
LuMBY,  D.D.     With  4  Maps.     4^-.  6d. 

THE   EPISTLE   TO   THE   ROMANS.     By  the  Rev.  H.  C.  G. 

MOULE,  M.A.      y.  6d. 

THE  FIRST  EPISTLE  TO  THE  CORINTHIANS.    By  the  Rev. 

J.  J.  Lias,  M.A.     With  a  Map  and  Plan.     2s. 

THE  SECOND   EPISTLE  TO  THE  CORINTHIANS.     By  the 

Rev.  J.  J.  Lias,  M.A.     is. 

THE  EPISTLE  TO  THE  HEBREWS.    By  Archdeacon  Farrar. 
7,s.  6d. 

THE  GENERAL  EPISTLE  OF  ST  JAMES.     By  the  Very  Rev. 
E.  H.  Plumptre,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Wells,     is.  6d. 

THE    EPISTLES   OF   ST   PETER   AND   ST  JUDE.     By   the 

same  Editor,     is.  6d. 

THE   EPISTLES   OF   ST   JOHN.      By  the   Rev.  A.  Plummer, 
M.A.,  D.D.     IS.  6d. 


London  :   C.  J".  Cla  v  £r»  Son,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Latie. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  23 

THE  CAMBRIDGE   BIBLE  FOR  SCHOOLS   &  COLLEGES. 

Conti)iiicil. 

Preparing-. 

THE  BOOK  OF  GENESIS.  By  the  Very  Rev.  R.  Payne  Smith,  D.  D. 

THE  BOOKS  OF  EXODUS,  NUMBERS  AND  DEUTERO- 
NOMY.    By  the  Rev.  C.  D.  Ginsuurg,  LL.D. 

THE  FIRST  AND  SECOND  BOOKS  OF  KINGS.  By  the  Rev. 
Prof.  LuMBY.  D.D. 

THE  BOOK  OF  ISAIAH.     By  Prof.  W.  Robertson  Smith,  M.A. 

THE  BOOK  OF  EZEKIEL.     By  the  Rev.  A.  B.  Davidson,  D.D. 

THE  BOOKS  OF  HAGGAI  AND  ZECHARIAH.  By  Arch- 
deacon Perowne. 

THE  EPISTLES  TO  THE  EPHESIANS,  PHILIPPIANS, 
COLOSSIANS  AND  PHILEMON.     By  the  Rev.  H.  C.  G.  Moule,  M.A. 

THE  BOOK  OF  REVELATION.    By  the  Rev.  W.  Simcox,  M.A. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE    GREEK    TESTAMENT 

FOR   SCHOOLS   AND   COLLEGES, 

with  a  Revised  Text,  based  on  the  most  recent  critical  authorities,  and 

Enghsh  Notes,  prepared  under  the  direction  of  the  General  Editor, 

The  Very  Reverend  J.  J.  S.  PEROWNE,  D.D. 

Now   Ready. 

THE  GOSPEL  ACCORDING  TO  ST  MATTHEW.  By  the 
Rev.  A.  Carr,  M.A.  With  4  ISL-ips.  i,s.()d. 
"  Copious  illustrations,  gathered  from  a  great  variety  of  sources,  make  his  notes  a  very  valu- 
able aid  to  the  student.  T'hey  are  indeed  remarkably  interesting,  whiie  all  explanations  on 
meanings,  applications,  and  the  like  are  distinguished  by  their  lucidity  and  good  sense." — 
Pall  Mall  Gazette. 

THE   GOSPEL  ACCORDING   TO   ST   MARK.     By  the  Rev. 

G.  F.  Maclear,  D.D.  With  ,:;  Maps,  45.  dd. 
"The  Cambridge  Greek  Testament,  of  which  Dr  Maclear's  edition  of  the  Gospel  according  to 
St  Mark  is  a  volume,  certainly  supplies  a  want.  Without  pretending  to  compete  with  the  Iciding 
commentaries,  or  to  embody  very  much  original  research,  it  forms  a  most  satisfactory'  introduction 
to  the  study  of  the  New  Testament  in  the  original .  .  .  Dr  Maclear's  introduction  contains  all  that 
is  known  of  St  Mark's  life,  with  references  to  passages  in  the  New  Testament  in  which  he  is 
mentioned;  an  account  of  the  circumstances  in  which  the  Gospel  was  composed,  with  an  estimate 
of  the  influence  of  St  Peter's  teaching  upon  St  Mark  :  an  excellent  sketch  of  the  special  character- 
istics of  this  Gospel ;  an  analysis,  and  a  chapter  on  the  te.xt  of  the  New  Testament  generally  .  .  . 
The  work  is  completed  by  three  good  maps." — Saturday  Revie^u. 

THE  GOSPEL  ACCORDING  TO  ST  LUKE.     By  Archdeacon 

P'arrab.     With  4  Maps.     6s. 

THE  GOSPEL  ACCORDING  TO  ST  JOHN.     By  the  Rev.  A. 

Pi.UMMER,  1\LA.,  D.D.     With  4  Maps.     6s. 
"A  valuable  addition  has  also  been  m.ade  to  'The  Cambridge  Gr.eek  Tcstamcqt  for  Schools,' 
Dr  Plummer's  notes  on  '  the  Gospel  according  to  St  John  'are  scholarly,  concise,  and  instructive, 
and  embody  t,h?  results  of  much  thought  and  wide  reading."— /fa/jf/V<?>-. 

THE  ACTS  OF  THE  APOSTLES.    P.y  the  Rev.  Prof  Lu.mev,  D.D., 

with  4  Maps.     6^-. 
THE   FIRST   EPISTLE    TO    THl-    CORIXTIILVNS.     By   the 

Rev.  J.  J.  Lias,  ]\LA.  [/"  '^u-  Press. 

THE  EPISTLE  TO  THE  HEBREWS.     ]]y  Archdeacon  Farrar. 

[Pi-c/'aring. 

THE  EPISTLES    OF   ST   JOHN.     By   the    Rev.    A.    Tlummer, 
M.A.,  D.D.  \I I!  the  Tress. 


London:    C.  J.  Clav  &^  Sox,  Cnnt/u-idc^c  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


24  PUBLICATIONS  OF 

THE   PITT   PRESS   SERIES. 

I.    GREEK. 

SOPHOCLES.— OEDIPUS  TYRANNUS.  School  Edition, 

with  Introduction  and  Commentary,  by  R.  C.  Jebb,  Litt.  D.,  LL.D.,  Professor 
of  Greek  in  tlie  University  of  Glasgow.      4^-.  hd. 

THE  ANABASIS   OF  XENOPHON,  Books  I.  III.  IV. 

and  V.  With  a  Map  and  English  Notes  by  Alfred  Pretor,  M.A.,  Fellow 
of  St  Catharine's  College,  Cambridge,     is.  each. 

"  In  Mr  Pretor's  edition  of  tlie  Anabasis  the  text  of  Kiihner  has  been  followed  in  the  main, 
while  the  exhaustive  and  admirable  notes  of  the  great  German  editor  have  been  largely  utilised. 
These  notes  deal  with  the  minutest  as  well  as  the  most  important  difficulties  in  construction,  and 
all  questions  of  history,  antiquity,  and  geography  are  briefly  but  very  effectually  elucidated." — The 
Examiner. 

"  We  welcome  this  addition  to  the  other  books  of  the  Anabasis  so  ably  edited  by  Mr  Pretor. 
Although  originally  intended  for  the  use  of  candidates  at  the  university  local  examinations,  yet 
this  edition  will  be  found  adapted  not  only  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  junior  student,  but  even 
advanced  scholars  will  find  much  in  this  work  that  will  repay  its  perusal." — The  Sclwobnaster. 

"Mr  Pretor's  'Anabasis  of  Xenophon,  Book  IV.'  displays  a  union  of  accurate  Cambridge 
scholarship,  with  experience  of  what  is  required  by  learners  gained  in  examining  middle-class 
schools.  The  text  is  large  and  clearly  printed,  and  the  notes  explain  all  difficulties.  .  .  .  INTr 
Pretor's  notes  seem  to  be  all  that  could  be  wished  as  regards  grammar,  geography,  and  other 
matters." — The  Acadeviy. 

BOOKS  II.  VI.  and  VII.    By  the  same  Editor.     2s.  6d.  each. 

"Another  Greek  text,  designed  it  would  seem  for  students  preparing  for  the  local  examinations, 
is  'Xenophon's  Anabasis,'  Book  II.,  with  English  Notes,  by  Alfred  Pretor,  M.A.  The  editor  has 
exercised  his  usual  discrimination  in  utilising  the  text  and  notes  of  Kuhner,  with  the  occasional 
assistance  of  the  best  hints  of  Schneider,  Vollbrecht  and  Macmichael  on  critical  matters,  and  of 
Mr  R.  W.  Taylor  on  points  of  history  and  geography.  .  .  When  Mr  Pretor  commits  himself  to 
Commentator's  work,  he  is  eminently  helpful.  .  .  Had  we  to  introduce  a  young  Greek  scholar 
to  Xenophon,  we  should  esteem  ourselves  fortunate  in  having  Pretor's  text-book  as  our  chart  and 
guide." — Contemftorary  Review. 

THE  ANABASIS  OF  XENOPHON,  by  A.  Pretor,  M.A., 

Text  and  Notes,  complete  in  two  Volumes.     7^-.  6d. 

AGESILAUS     OF     XENOPHON.       The    Text     revised 

with  Critical  and  Explanatory  Notes,  Introduction,  Analysis,  and  Indices. 
By  H.  Hailstone,  M.A.,  late  Scholar  of  Peterhouse. 

ARISTOPHANES— RANAE.     With  English   Notes   and 

Introduction  by  W.  C.  Green,  M.A.,  late  Assistant  Master  at  Rugby 
School.     3^.  6d. 

ARISTOPHANES— AVES.     By  the  same    Editor.     Acw 

Edition,     y.  Gd. 
"The  notes  to  both  plays  are  excellent.    Much  has  been  done  in  these  two  volumes  to  render 
the  study  of  Aristophanes  a  real  treat  to  a  boy  instead  of  a  drudgery,  by  helping  him  to  under- 
stand the  fun  and  to  express  it  in  his  mother  tongue." — The  E.xa7)ti}ier. 

ARISTOPHANES— PLUTUS.    By  the  same  Editor.   ^s.Gd. 

EURIPIDES.         HERCULES      FURENS.         With     Intro- 
ductions, Notes  and  Analysis.  By  J.  T.  Hutchinson,  M.A.,  Christ's  College, 
and  A.  GRAY,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Jesus  College,     is. 
"Messrs  Hutchinson  and  Gray  have    produced  a   careful   and   useful   edition." — Saturday 

Review. 

EURIPIDES    HERACLEIDvE.     With    Introduction    and 

Critical  Notes  by  E.  A.  Beck,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  Hall.     3^-.  6d. 

London  :    C.  J.  Cla  y  &^  Son,  Cambridge  UiiivcrsHy  Press  Warehotise, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE  CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  25 

LUCIANI   SOMNIUM   CHARON  PISCATOR  ET  DE 

LUCTU,   with    English    Notes    by  W.  E.   Heitland,    M.A.,    Fellow  of 
St  John's  College,  Cambridge.     New  Edition,  with  Appendix.     3^-.  dd. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  ARISTOTLE. 

Edited  by  E.  Wallace,  M.A.     (See  p.  30.) 

PLUTARCH'S  LIVES  OF  THE  GRACCHI.  With  In- 
troduction, Notes  and  Lexicon  by  Rev.  IIuiiERT  A.  Holden,  M.A.,  LL.D., 
sometime  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,     ds. 


II.     LATIN. 

M.   T.  CICERONIS     DE    AMICITIA.     Edited   by  J.  S. 

Reid,  Litt.  U.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  Gonville  and  Caius  College.  New 
Edition,  with  Additions.     3^-.  dd. 

"Mr  Keid  has  decidedly  attained  his  aim,  namely,  'a  thorough  examination  of  the  Latinity 

of  the  dialogue.' The  revision  of  the  text  is  most  valuable,  and  comprehends  sundry 

acute  corrections.  .  .  .  This  volume,  like  Mr  Reid's  other  editions,  is  a  solid  gain  to  the  scholar- 
ship of  the  country." — At/ieiiceutn. 

"A  more  distinct  gain  to  scholarship  is  Mr  Reid's  able  and  thorough  edition  of  the  De 
Amicitia  of  Cicero,  a  work  of  which,  whether  we  regard  the  exhaustive  introduction  or  the 
instructive  and  most  suggestive  commentary,  it  would  be  difficult  to  speak  too  highly.  .  .  .  Whea 
we  come  to  the  conimeniary,  we  are  only  amazed  by  its  fulness  in  proportion  to  its  bulk. 
Nothing  is  overlooked  which  can  tend  to  enlarge  the  learner's  general  knowledge  of  Ciceronian 
Latin  or  to  elucidate  the  \.^yit."— Saturday  Review. 

M.  T.  CICERONIS  CATO  MAJOR  DE  SEXECTUTE. 

Edited  by  J.  S.  Reid,  Litt.  D.     zs.  6d. 

"  The  notes  are  excellent  and  scholarlike,  adapted  for  the  upper  forms  of  public  schools,  and 
likely  to  be  u.seful  even  to  more  advanced  students." — Guardian. 

M.  T.  CICERONIS  ORATIO   PRO   ARCHIA   POETA. 

Edited  by  J.  S.  Reid,  Litt.  D.  Revised  Edition,  is. 
"  It  is  an  admirable  specimen  of  careful  editing.  An  Introduction  tells  us  everything  we  could 
wish  to  know  about  Archias,  about  Cicero's  connexion  with  him,  about  the  merits  of  the  trial,  and 
the  genuineness  of  the  speech.  The  text  is  well  and  carefully  printed.  The  notes  are  clear  and 
scholar-like.  ...  No  boy  can  master  this  little  volume  without  feeling  that  he  has  advanced  a  long 
step  in  scholarship."— /"/ii?  Academy. 

M.  T.  CICERONIS  PRO  L.  CORNELIO  BALBO   ORA- 

TIO.     Edited  by  J.  S.  Reid,  Litt.  D.     \s.  Gd. 
"  We  are  bound  to  recognize  the  pains  devoted  in  the  annotation  of  these  two  orations  to  the 
minute  and  thorough  study  of  their    Latinity,  both   in  the  ordinary  notes  and   in    the   textual 
appendices." — Saturday  Review. 

M.    T.    CICERONIS     PRO    P.     CORNELIO     SULLA 

ORATIO.  Edited  by  J.  S.  Reid,  Litt.  D.  31.  dd. 
"  Mr  Reid  is  so  well  known  to  scholars  as  a  commentator  on  Cicero  that  a  new  work  from  him 
scarcely  needs  any  commendation  of  ours.  His  edition  of  the  speech  /'ro  Sulla  is  fully  equal  in 
merit  to  the  volumes  which  he  has  already  published  ...  It  would  be  difficult  to  speak  too  highly 
of  the  notes  There  could  be  no  better  way  of  gaining  an  insight  into  the  characteristics  of 
Cic-ro's  style  and  the  Latinity  of  his  period  than  by  making  a  careful  study  of  this  speech  with 
the  aid  of  Mr  Reid's  commentary  ...  Mr  Reid's  intimate  knowledge  of  the  mmutest  details  of 
scholarship  enables  him  to  detect  and  explain  the  slightest  points  of  distinction  between  the 
usaL-es  of  different  authors  and  different  periods  ...  I  he  notes  are  followed  by  a  valuable 
appendix  on  the  text,  and  another  on  points  of  orthograpny ;  an  excellent  index  brings  the  work 
to  a  c\ose."Saturday  Revie-^u. 

M     T.    CICERONIS    PRO    CN.    PLANCIO    ORATIO. 

Edited  by  H.  A.   Holden,  LL.D.,  late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cam- 

"  As"a  fotk  fot-^stJdents  this  edition  can  have  few  riv.als.  It  is  enriched  by  an  excellent  intro- 
auction  and  a  chronological  table  of  the  principal  events  of  the  life  of  C.ccro :  while  in  as  ap- 
nendix  and  in  the  notes  on  the  text  which  are  added,  there  is  much  of  the  greatest  value.  1  he 
volume  is  neatly  got  up,  and  is  in  every  way  commendable.  —//(.:  ^ycotsiiian. 

London  :   C.  J.  Clay  &^  So/^,  Catnbridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


26  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


M.  T.  CICERONIS   IN   O.  CAECILIUM    DIVINATIO 

ET  IN  C.  VERREM  ACTIO  PRIMA.  With  Introduction  and  Notes 
by  W.  E.  Heitland,  M.A.,  and  Herbert  Cowie,  M.A.,  Fellows  of 
St  John's  College,  Cambridge,     y. 

M.  T.  CICERONIS  ORATIO  PRO   L.  MURENA,   with 

English  Introduction  and  Notes.  By  W.  E.  Heitland,  M.A.,  Fellow 
and  Classical  Lecturer  of  St  John's  College,  Cambridge.  Second  Edition, 
carefully  revised.    3^. 

"Those  students  are  to  be  deemed  fortunate  who  have  to  read  Cicero's  lively  and  brilliant 
oration  for  L.  Murena  with  Mr  Heitland's  handy  edition,  which  may  be  pronounced  'four-square' 
in  point  of  equipment,  and  which  has,  not  without  good  reason,  attained  the  honours  of  a 
second  edition." — Saturday  Review. 

M.   T.    CICERONIS    IN     GAIUM    VERREM    ACTIO 

PRIMA.  With  Introduction  and  Notes.  By  H.  Cowie,  M.A.,  Fellow 
of  St  John's  College,  Cambridge.     \s.  6d. 

M.   T.   CICERONIS    ORATIO    PRO   T.    A.   MILONE, 

with  a  Translation  of  Asconius'  Introduction,  Marginal  Analysis  and 
English  Notes.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  John  Smyth  Purton,  B.D.,  late 
President  and  Tutor  of  St  Catharine's  College,     is.  6d. 

"The  editorial  work  is  excellently  done." — The  Academy. 

M.  T.  CICERONIS  SOMNIUM  SCIPIONIS.  With  In- 
troduction and  Notes.  By  W.  D.  Pearman,  M.A.,  Head  Master  of  Potsdam 
School,  Jamaica,     is. 

P.  OVIDII    NASONIS    FASTORUM   Liber  VI.    With 

a  Plan  of  Rome  and  Notes  by  A.  Sidgwick,  M.A.,  Tutor  of  Corpus  Christi 
College,  Oxford,     is.  6d. 

"  Mr  Sidgwick's  editing  of  the  Sixth  Book  of  Ovid's  Fasti  furnishes  a  careful  and  serviceable 
volume  for  average  students.  It  eschews  'construes'  which  supersede  the  use  of  the  dictionary, 
but  gives  full  explanation  of  grammatical  i:sages  and  historical  and  mythical  allusions,  besides 
illustrating  peculiarities  of  style,  true  and  false  derivations,  and  the  more  remarkable  variations  of 
the  text." — Saturday  Review. 

"  It  is  eminently  good  and  useful.  .  .  .  The  Introduction  is  singularly  clear  on  the  astronomy  of 
Ovid,  which  is  properly  shown  to  be  ignorant  and  confused;  there  is  an  excellent  little  map  of 
Rome,  giving  just  the  places  mentioned  in  the  text  and  no  more  ;  the  notes  are  evidently  written 
by  a  practical  schoolmaster." — The  Academy. 

GAI  lULI  CAESARIS  DE  BELLO  GALLICO  COM- 
MENT. I.  II.  III.  With  Maps  and  English  Notes  by  A.  G.  Peskett, 
M,A.,  Fellow  of  Magdalene  College,  Cambridge,     y. 

"  In  an  unusually  succinct  introduction  he  gives  all  the  preliminary  and  collateral  information 
that  is  likely  to  be  useful  to  a  young  student ;  and,  wherever  we  have  examined  his  notes,  we 
have  found  them  eminently  practical  and  satisfying.  .  .  The  book  may  well  be  recommended  for 
careful  study  in  school  or  college." — Saturday  Review. 

"The  notes  are  scholarly,  short,  and  a  real  help  to  the  most  elementary  beginners  in  Latin 
prose.  "^ — TAe  Examiner. 

BOOKS    IV.  AND  V.  AND  Book  VII.  by  the   same 

Editor,     -zs.  each. 

BOOK  VI.  AND  BOOK  VIII.  by  the  same  Editor. 

IS.  6d.  each. 


London :   C.  J.  Cla  y  ^  Son,  Cambridge  U7iiversUy  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE    UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  27 


P.  VERGILI  MARONIS  AENEIDOS  Libri  I.,  II.,  III., 

IV.,  v.,  VI.,  VII.,  VIII.,  IX.,  X.,  XL,  XII.  Edited  with  Notes  by  A. 
SiDGWiCK,  M.A.,  Tutor  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford,     is.  6d.  each. 

"Much  more  attention  is  given  to  the  literary  aspect  of  the  poem  than  is  usually  paid  to  it  in 
editions  intended  for  the  use  of  beginners.  The  introduction  points  out  the  distinction  between 
primitive  and  literary  epics,  explains  the  purpose  of  the  poem,  and  gives  an  outline  of  the  story." 
— Saturday  /i!c'7'ii'7U. 

"  Mr  Arthur  Sidgwick's  'Vergil,  Aeneid,  Book  XII,'  is  worthy  of  his  reputation,  and  is  dis- 
tingiiished  by  the  same  acuteness  and  accuracy  of  knowledge,  appreciation  of  a  boy's  difficulties 
and  ingenuity  and  resource  in  meeting  them,  which  we  have  on  other  occasions  had  reason  to 
praise  in  these  pages." — VAe  Acat/etriy. 

"As  masterly  in  its  clearly  divided  preface  and  appendices  as  in  the  sound  and  independent 
character  of  its  annotations.  .  .  .  There  is  a  great  deal  more  in  the  notes  than  mere  compilation 
and  suggestion.  ...  No  difficulty  is  left  unnoticed  or  unhandled." — Saiiirday  Review. 

BOOKS   VII.   VIII.  in  one  volume.     3-r. 

BOOKS   IX.  X.  in  one  volume.      3^-. 

BOOKS   X.,  XI.,  XII.  in  one  volume.     3^-.  6d. 

P.   VERGILI    MARONIS    GEORGICON    LIBRI    I.    II. 

By  the  same  Editor,      is. 

QUINTUS    CURTIUS.     A  Portion  of  the   History. 

(Alexander  in  India.)   By  W.  E.  Heitland,  M.  A.,  Fellow  and  Lecturer 

of  St  John's  College,  Cambrid.ge,  and  T.  E.  Raven,  B.A.,  Assistant  Master 

in  Sherborne  School.     3.?.  6d. 

"  Equally    commendable   as  a    genuine    addition   to   the   existin.g  stock   of   school-books   is 

Alexander  in  India,  a  compilation  from  the  eighth  and  ninth  books  of  Q.  Curtius,  edited  for 

the  Pitt  Press  by  Messrs   Heitland  and    Raven.  .  .  .    The   work   of  Curtius  has  merits  of  its 

own,  which,  iu  former  generations,  made  it  a  favourite  with  English  scholars,  and  which  still 

make  it  a  popular  text- book  in  Continental  schools The  reputation  of  Mr  Heitland  is  a 

sufficient  guarantee  for  the  scholar.ship  of  the  notes,  which  are  ample  without  being  excessive, 
and  the  book  is  well  furnished  with  all  that  is  needful  in  the  nature  of  maps,  indexes,  and  ap- 
pendices." — Academy. 

M.    ANNAEI     LUCANI     PHARSALIAE    LIBER 

PRIMUS,  edited  with  English  Introduction  and  Xotes  by  ^V.  E.  IIeiti.and, 
M.A.  and  C.  E.  Haskins,  M.A.,  Fellows  and  Lecturers  of  St  John's  Col- 
lege, Cambridge,      is.  6d. 

"A.  careful  and  scholarlike  production." — Ti7nes. 

"  In  nice  parallels  of  Lucan  from  Latin  poets  and  from  Shakspearc,  Mr  Ilaskins  and  Mr 
Heitland  deserve  praise." — Saturday  Review. 

BEDA'S  ECCLESIASTICAL   HISTORY,   BOOKS 

III.,  IV.,  the  Text  from  the  very  ancient  MS.  in  the  Camliridgc  L'niversity 
Library,  collated  with  six  other  MSS.  Edited,  with  a  life  from  the  German  of 
Ebert,  and  with  Notes,  &c.  by  J.  E.  B.  Mayor,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Latin, 
and  J.  R.  Lumby,  U.D.,  Norrisian  Professor  of  Divinity.  Revised  edition. 
7^.  6(/. 
"To  young  students  of  English  History  the  illustrative  notes  will  be  of  great  service,  while 
the  study  of  the  texts  will  be  a  good  introduction  to  Media;val  Latin." — The  Nonconformist. 

"In  Bede's  works  Englishmen  can  go  back  to  origines  of  their  history,  unequalled  for 
form  and  matter  by  any  modern  European  nation.  Prof.  Mayor  has  done  good  service  in  ren- 
dering a  part  of  Bede's  greatest  work  accessible  to  those  who  can  read  Latin  with  ease.  He 
has  adorned  this  edition  of  the  third  and  fourth  books  of  the  'Ecclesiastical  History'  with  that 
amazing  erudition  for  which  he  is  unrivalled  among  Englishmen  and  mrely  equalled  by  Germans. 
And  however  interesting  and  valuable  the  text  may  be,  we  can  certainly  apply  to  his  notes 
the  expression,  La  sauce  vaut  mieux  que  le  poisson.  They  are  literally  crammed  with  interest- 
ing information  about  early  English  life.  For  though  ecclesiastical  in  name,  Bede's  histor>'  treats 
of  all  parts  of  the  national  life,  since  the  Church  had  points  of  contact  with  all." — Examiner. 

Books  I.  and  11.    /;/  the  Press. 


London:   C.J.  Clay  ^  Soy,  Cambrid<re  University  Press  ll'archouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


28  PUBLICATIONS  OF 


III.     FRENCH. 

LE  BOURGEOIS    GENTILHOMME,  Comedie-Ballet  en 

Cinq  Actes.  Par  J.-B.  Poquelin  de  MoliI^.re  (1670).  With  a  life  of 
Moliere  and  Grammatical  and  Philological  Notes.  By  the  Rev.  A.  C. 
Clapin,  M.A.,  St  John's  College,  Cambridge,  and  BacheHer-es-Lettres  of 
the  University  of  France.     \s.  6d. 

LA  PICCIOLA.     By  X.   B.   Saintine.     The   Text,  with 

Introduction,  Notes  and  Map,  by  the  same  Editor,     is. 

LA  GUERRE.     By  Mm.    Erckmann-Chatrian.     With 

Map,  Introduction  and  Commentary  by  the  same  Editor.     3J. 

LAZARE  HOCHE— PAR  EMILE  DE  BONNECHOSE. 

With  Three  Maps,  Introduction  and  Commentary,  by  C.  CoLBECK,  M.A., 
late  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge;  Assistant  Master  at  Harrow 
School.     2s. 

LE    VERRE    D'EAU.     A   Comedy,    by   SCRIBE.     With  a 

Biographical  Memoir,  and  Grammatical,  Literary  and  Historical  Notes.  By 
the  same  Editor,     is. 

"  It  may  be  national  prejudice,  but  we  consider  this  edition  far  superior  to  any  of  the  series 
which  hitherto  have  been  edited  exclusively  by  foreigners.  MrColbeck  seems  better  to  under- 
stand the  wants  and  difficulties  of  an  English  boy.  The  etymological  notes  especially  are  admi- 
rable. .  .  .  The  historical  notes  and  introduction  are  a  piece  of  thorough  honest  work." — Journal 
0/  Education. 

HISTOIRE    DU    SIECLE     DE     LOUIS     XIV    PAR 

VOLTAIRE.    Part  I.    Chaps.  I.— XIII.    Edited  with  Notes  Philological  and 
Historical,  Biographical  and  Geographical  Indices,  etc.  by  GusTAVE  Masson, 
B.A.  Univ.  Gallic,  Officierd'Academie,  Assistant  Master  of  Harrow  School, 
and  G.  W.  Prothero,  M.A.,  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  King's  College,  Cam- 
bridge.    IS.  6d. 
"Messrs  Masson   and   Prothero  have,  to  judge  from  the  first  part  of  their  work,  performed 
with  much  discretion  and  care  the  task  of  editing  Voltaire's  6"/tV/f  de  Louis  XIV  ior  the  'Pitt 
Press  Series.'     Besides  the  usual  kind  of  notes,  the  editors  have  in  this  case,  influenced  by  Vol- 
taire's 'summary  way  of  treating  much  of  the  history,'  given  a  good  deal  of  historical  informa- 
tion, in  which    they    have,  we   think,  done  well.     At  the  beginning  of  the  book  will  be  found 
excellent  and  succinct  accounts  of  the  constitution  of  the  French  army  and  Parliament  at  the 
period  treated  of." — Saturday  Reviezv. 

Part   II.     Chaps.  XIV.— XXIV.     With   Three   Maps 


of  the  Period.     By  the  same  Editors,     is.  6d. 

Part  III.     Chap.    XXV.   to   the   end.     By   the   same 


Editors,     is.  6d. 

M.  DARU,    par    M.  C.  A.    Sainte-Beuve,    (Causerles    du 

Lundi,  Vol.  IX.).      With   Biographical   Sketch  of  the  Author,   and   Notes 
Philological  and  Historical.    By  Gustave  Masson.   is. 

LA  SUITE   DU    MENTEUR.     A  Comedy  in  Five  Acts, 

by  P.  Corneille.     Edited  with  Fontenelle's  Memoir  of  the  Author,  Voltaire's 
Critical  Remarks,    and    Notes   Philological    and  Historical.     By  Gustave 

Masson.     is. 

LA    JEUNE    SIBERIENNE.     LE   LEPREUX  DE  LA 

CITL  D'AOSTE.      Tales  by  Count  Xavier  de  Maistre.     With  Bio- 
graphical Notice,  Critical  Appreciations,  and  Notes.     By  G.  Masson.     is. 


London  :   C.  y.  Cla  y  &=  Sox,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehousgy 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE   CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  29 

LE    DIRECTOIRE.      (Considerations    sur    la    Revolution 

Fran^aise.    Troisieme  et  quauieme  parties.)     Par  AIadame  la  Baronne  DK 

Stael-Holstein.      W'itii  a  Critical  Notice  of  tlie  Autiior,  a  Chronological 

Table,  and   Notes  Historical  and  I'hilological,  by  G.   Masson,  B.A.,  and 

G.  W.  PROTHERO,  M.A.     Revised  and  enlarged  Edition.     •2J-. 

"  Prussia  under  Frederick  the  Great,  and  France  under  the  Directory,  bring  us  face  to  face 

respectively   with   periods  of  history  which  it  is  right  should  be  known  thoroughly,  and  which 

are  well  treated   in   the   Pitt   Press   volumes.     The   latter    in    particular,    an   extract  from  the 

world-known   work  of  Madame  de  Stacl  on  the   French   Revolution,   is    beyond  all  praise   for 

the   excellence  both  of  its  style  and  of  its  matter." — Times. 

DIX   ANNEES    D'EXIL.     Livre  II.     Chapitres    i— S. 

Par  Madame  la  Baronne  De  Stael-IIolstein.  With  a  Biographical 
Sketch  of  the  Author,  a  Selection  of  Poetical  Fragments  by  Madame  de 
Stael's  Contemporaries,  and  Notes  Historical  and  Philological.  By  Gustave 
Masson  and  G.  W.  Protiiero,  M.A.     Revised  and  enlarged  edition,     is. 

FREDEGONDE  ET  BRUNEHAUT.    A  Tragedy  in  Five 

Acts,  by  N.  Lemercier.  Edited  with  Notes,  Genealogical  and  Chrono- 
logical Tables,  a  Critical  Introduction  and  a  Biographical  Notice.  By 
Gustave  Masson.    is. 

LE    VIEUX    CELIBATAIRE.     A  Comedy,  by  Collin 

D'IIarleville.    With  a  Biographical  Memoir,  and  Grammatical,  Literary 

and  Historical  Notes.    By  the  same  Editor,     is. 
"  M.    Masson  is  doing  good  work  in  introducing  learners  to  some  of  the  less-known  French 
play-writers.     The   arguments  are  admirably    clear,   and    the   notes  are  not  too  abundant." — 
A  cade  my.     ^ 

LA  METROMANIE,  A  Comedy,  by  PiRON,  with  a  Bio- 
graphical Memoir,  and  Grammatical,  Literary  and  Historical  Notes.  By  the 
same  Editor,     is. 

LASCARIS,    ou    LES     GRECS     DU     XV^    SIECLE, 

Nouvelle  Historique,  par  A.  F.  Villemain,  with  a  Biographical  Sketch  of 
the  Author,  a  Selection  of  Poems  on  Greece,  and  Notes  Historical  and 
Philological.     By  the  same  Editor,     is. 

LETTRES   SUR    L'HISTOIRE   DE    FRANCE  (XIII— 

XXIV.).  Par  AuGUSTiN  Thierry.  By  Gustave  Masson,  B.A.  and 
G.  W.  Protiiero,  M.A.     With  Map.     is.  6d. 


IV.     GERMAN. 

DIE   KARAVANE   von  W'ilhelm   Hauff.     Edited  with 

Notes  by  A.  ScHLOTTMANN,  Ph.  D.     y.  6d. 

CULTURGESCHICHTLICHE  NOVELLEN,  von  W.  H. 

RiEHL,  with  Grammatical,  Philological,  and  Historical  Notes,  and  a  Com- 
plete Index,  by  II.  J.  Wolstenhol.me,  P.. A.  (Lond.).     4J.  6d. 

ERNST,  HERZOG  VON  SCHWABEN.  UHLAND.  With 

Introduction    and    Notes.     By    II.    J.    Wolstenholme,    B.A.    (Lond.), 
Lecturer  in  German  at  Newnham  College,  Cambridge,     y.  6d. 

ZOPF  UND  SCHWERT.     Lustspicl  in  funf  Aufzugcn  von 

Karl  Gutzkow.     With  a  Biographical  and  Historical  Introduction,  English 

Notes,  and  an  Index.     By  the  same  Editor,     y.  6d. 
"We   are   glad   to   be  able    to   notice  a  careful  edition  of  K.  Gutzkow's  amusing   comedy 
'Zopf  and  Schwert'  by  Mr  H.  J.  Wolstenholme.   .  .  .     These  notes  arc  abundant  and  contain 
references  to  standard  grammatical  works." — Acitdciny. 

@oetl)c'5  5?uabenja()rc.  (i749— 1759-)  GOETHE'S  BOY- 
HOOD: being  the  First  Three  Books  of  his  Autobiography.  Arranged 
and  Annotated  by  WiLHELM  Wagner,  Ph.  D.,  late  Professor  at  the 
Johanncum,  Hamburg,     is. 

London  :    C  J.  Clav  lt*  So\,  Cambrids:c  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


30  PUBLICATIONS  OF 

HAUFF.    DAS  WIRTHSHAUS  IM  SPESSART.   Edited 

by  A.  SCHLOTTMANN,  Ph.D.,  late  Assistant  Master  at  Uppingham  School. 
IS.  6d. 

DER  OBERHOF.     A  Tale  of  Westphalian  Life,  by  Karl 

Immermann.   With  a  Life  of  Immermann  and  English  Notes,   by  Wilhelm 
Wagner,    Ph.D.,   late  Professor  at  the  Johanneum,  Hamburg.     35. 

A  BOOK    OF    GERMAN    DACTYLIC    POETRY.     Ar- 

ranged  and  Annotated  by  the  same  Editor,      y. 

2)er   crfte   itrcujjug  (THE   FIRST   CRUSADE),  by  Fried- 

RICH  VON  Raumer.    Condensed  from  the  Author's  'History  of  the  Hohen- 
staufen',    with   a   life    of  Raumer,    two    Plans    and    English    Notes,     By 
the  same  Editor.     2s. 
"Certainly  no  more  interesting  book  could  be  made  the  subject  of  examinations.     The  story 

of  the  First  Crusade  has  an  undying  interest.     The  notes  are,  on  the  whole,  good." — Educational 

Titties. 

A   BOOK   OF   BALLADS    ON    GERMAN    HISTORY. 

Arranged  and  Annotated  by  the  same  Editor.      'Zs. 

"It  carries  the  reader  rapidly  through  some  of  the  most  important  incidents  connected  with 
the  German  race  and  name,  from  the  invasion  of  Italy  by  the  Visigoths  under  their  King  Alaric, 
down  to  the  Franco-German  War  and  the  installation  of  the  present  Emperor.  The  notes  supply 
very  well  the  connecting  links  between  the  successive  periods,  and  exhibit  in  its  various  phases  of 
growth  and  progress,  or  the  reverse,  the  vast  unwieldy  mass  which  constitutes  modern  Germany." 
—  Titties. 

DER   STAAT  FRIEDRICHS   DES  GROSSEN.     By  G. 

Freytag.    With  Notes.    By  the  same  Editor,     2s. 
"Prussia  under  Frederick  the  Great,  and  France  under  the  Directory,  bring  us  face  to  face 
respectively  with  periods  of  history  which  it  is  right  should  be  known  thoroughly,  and  which 
are  well  treated  in  the  Pitt  Press  volumes." — Times. 

GOETHE'S    HERMANN     AND    DOROTHEA.     With 

an  Introduction  and  Notes.     By  the  same  Editor.     Revised  edition  by  J.  W. 
Cartmell,  M.A.     y.  6d. 

"The  notes  are  among  the  best  that  we  know,  with  the  reservation  that  they  are  often  too 
abundant." — Academy. 

'JS:)a^  3a{)r  1813    (The  Year    1813),  by  F,   Kohlrausch. 

With  English  Notes,    By  W.  Wagner,      is. 


V.     ENGLISH. 

THEORY  AND   PRACTICE  OF  TEACHING.     By  the 

Rev.   Edward  Thring,  M.A.,  Head  Master  of  Uppingham  School,  late 
Fellow  of  King's  College,  Cambridge.     New  Edition.     4^-.  6d. 
"Any  attempt  to  summarize  the  contents  of  the  volume  would  fail  to  give  our  readers  a 
taste  of  the  pleasure  that  its  perusal  has  given  us." — Journal  of  Ediicatiott. 

JOHN  AMOS  COMENIUS,  Bishop  of  the  Moravians.     His 

Life  and  Educational  Works,  by  S.  S.  Laurie,  A.M.,  F.R.S.E.,  Professor  of 
the  Institutes  and  History  of  Education  in  the  University  of  Edinburgh, 
Second  Edition,  revised.     35.  dd. 

OUTLINES  OF  THE  PHILOSOPHY  OF  ARISTOTLE. 

Compiled   by  Edwin  Wallace,  M.A.,  LL.D.  (St  Andrews),  late  Fellow 
of  Worcester  College,  Oxford.     Third  Edition  Enlarged.     4^.  ()d. 
"A  judicious  selection  of  characteristic  passages,  arranged  in  paragraphs,  each  of  which  is 
preceded  by  a  masterly  and  perspicuous  English  analysis." — Scotstitan. 

"  Gives  in  a  comparatively  small  compass  a  very  good  sketch  of  Aristotle's  teaching." — Sal. 
RevieTX'. 

THREE  LECTURES  ON  THE  PRACTICE  OF  EDU- 

CATION,  Delivered  in  the  University  of  Cambridge  in  the  Easter  Term, 
1882,  under  the  direction  of  the  Teachers'  Training  Syndicate,     is. 


London  :   C.  J.  Cla  v  £r»  Soat,  Cambridge  University  Press  Warehouse, 
Ave  Maria  Lane. 


THE  CAMBRIDGE   UNIVERSITY  PRESS.  31 

GENERAL  AIMS  OF  THE  TEACHER,  AND  FORM 

MANAGEMENT.  Two  Lectures  delivered  in  the  University  of  C.iml)iiclge 
in  the  Lent  Term,  1883,  by  F.  \V.  Eakrar,  D.D.  Archdeacon  of  West- 
minster, and  R.  B.  Poole,  B.D.  Head  Waster  of  Bedford  Modern  School. 
IS.  6a'. 

MILTON'S    TRACTATE    ON    EDUCATION.     A    fac- 

simile  reprint  from  the  Edition  of  1673.  Edited,  with  Introduction  and 
Notes,  by  Oscar  Browning,  M.A.,  Senior  Fellow  of  King's  College, 
Cambridge,  and  University  Lecturer,     is. 

"A  separate  reprint  of  Milton's  famous  letter  to  Master  Samuel  Hartlib  was  a  desideratum, 
and  we  are  graceful  to  Mr  Browning  for  his  elegant  and  scholarly  edition,  to  which  is  prefixed  the 
careful  resuiiU  of  tlie  work  givjn  in  his  'History  of  Educational  'Iheories. '" — Journal  of 
Education. 

LOCKE  ON  EDUCATION.    With  Introduction  and  Notes 
by  tlie  Rev.  R.  H.  Quick,  M.A.     3^.  Gd. 

"The  work  before  us  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired.  It  is  of  convenient  form  and  reasonable 
price,  accurately  printed,  and  accompanied  by  notes  which  are  admirable.  'J'hcre  is  no  teacher 
too  young  to  hnd  this  book  interesting;  there  is  no  teacher  too  old  to  find  it  profitable." — The 
Sdtool  Bulletin,  Nt-w  York. 

THE    TWO     NOBLE    KINSMEN,    edited    with    Intro- 

duclion  and  Notes  by  the  Rev.  Professor  Skkat,  M.A.,  formerly  Fellow 
of  Christ's  College,   Cambridge.     3^.  6d. 

"This  edition  of  a  play  that  is  well  worth  study,  for  more  reasons  than  one,  by  so  cartful  a 
scholar  as  Mr  Skeat,  deserves  a  hearty  welcome." — Atketueum. 

"J\Ir  Skeat  is  a  conscientious  editor,  and  has  left  no  difficulty  unexplained." — Times. 

BACON'S     HISTORY    OF    THE    REIGN    OF    KING 

HENRY  VH.  With  Notes  by  the  Rev.  J.  Rawson  Lumby,  D.D.,  Nor- 
risian  Professor  of  Divinity  ;  late  Fellow  of  St  Catharine's  College.     3J-. 

SIR   THOMAS  MORE'S  UTOPIA.     With  Notes  by  the 
Rev.  J.  Rawson  Lumby,  D.D.     3J.  6d. 

"  To  Dr  Lumby  we  must  give  praise  unqualified  and   unstinted.     He  has  done    his   work 

admirably Every  student  of  history,    every  politician,  every  social  reformer,  every  one 

interested  in  literary  curiosities,  every  lover  of  English  should  buy  and  carefully  read  Dr 
Lumby's  edition  of  the  'Utopia.'  We  are  afraid  to  say  more  lest  we  should  be  thought  ex- 
travagant, and  our  recommendation  accordingly  lose  part  of  its  force." — T/ic  Teacher. 

"  It  was  originally  written  in  Latin  and  does  not  find  a  place  on  ordinary  bookshelves.  A  very 
great  boon  has  therefore  been  conferred  on  the  general  English  reader  by  the  managers  of  the 
Pitt  Press  Series,  in  the  issue  of  a  convenient  little  volume  of  Move's  Utopia  not  in  the  original 
Latin,  but  in  the  quaint  English  Trattslation  thereof  viade  by  Raphe  Robynson,  which  adds  a 
linguistic  interest  to  the  intrinsic  merit  of  the  work.  .  .  .  All  this  has  been  edited  in  a  most  com- 
plete and  scholarly  fashion  by  Dr  J.  R.  Lumby,  the  Norrisian  Professor  of  Divinity,  whose  name 
alone  is  a  sufficient  warrant  for  its  accuracy.  It  is  a  real  addition  to  the  modern  stock  of  classical 
English  literature." — Guaniiati. 

MORE'S  HISTORY  OF  KING  RICHARD  III.     Edited 

with  Notes,  Glossary  and  Inde.\  of  Names.  By  J.  Rawson  Lumby,  D.D. 
Norrisian  Professor  of  Divinity,  Cambridge ;  to  which  is  added  the  conclusion 
of  the  History  of  King  Richard  HI.  as  given  in  the  continuation  of  Haniyng's 
Chronicle,  London,  1543.     3.^.  dd. 

A    SKETCH    OF    ANCIENT    PHILOSOPHY    FROM 

THALES  TO  CICERO,  by  Joseph  B.  I^Lvyok,  M.A.,  late  Professor  of 

Moral  Philosophy  at  King's  College,  London.  3.f.  6d. 
"Professor  Mayor  contributes  to  the  Pitt  Press  Series  A  Sketch  of  Ancient  Philosophy  in 
which  he  has  endeavoured  to  give  a  general  view  of  the  philosophical  systems  illustrated  by  the 
genius  of  the  masters  of  metaphysical  and  ethical  science  from  'I'hales  to  Cicero.  In  the  course 
of  his  sketch  he  takes  occasion  to  give  concise  analyses  of  Plato's  Republic,  and  of  the  Ethics  and 
Politics  of  Aristotle :  and  these  abstracts  will  be  to  some  readers  not  the  least  useful  portions  of 
the  book." — The  Guardian. 

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